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Dai C, Shu Z, Ma C, Yan P, Huang L, He R, Ma H. Isolation of a surfactin-producing strain of Bacillus subtilis and evaluation of the probiotic potential and antioxidant activity of surfactin from fermented soybean meal. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38922941 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactin, usually produced by microbial metabolism, has many advantages including low toxicity, high biodegradability, and stability at extreme pH levels and temperatures, making it suitable for industry. However, its commercial production has not yet been achieved. RESULTS A strain with a strong surfactin-producing ability was isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis SOPC5, based on the appearance of colonies, microscopic observation, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The isolate exhibited significant tolerance to acid, bile, gastric, and intestinal juices, and was sufficiently susceptible to antibiotics. Bacillus subtilis SOPC5 showed high levels of auto-aggregation and surface hydrophobicity, and a strong capacity to secrete protease, amylase, and cellulase. The strain also exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 10 306 with a antibacterial circle diameter of 18.0 ± 1.1 mm. The maximal yield of surfactin (1.32 mg mL-1) was obtained by fermenting soybean meal (SBM) using the isolate under the following conditions: SBM 86 g L-1, inoculation 1.5 × 107 CFU mL-1, FeSO4 1.2 mg L-1, MnSO4 2.6 mg L-1, MgSO4 0.5 mg mL-1, L-Glu 4 mg L-1, temperature 33 °C, duration 120 h, and shaking at 210 rpm. The purity of surfactin was 97.42% as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for surfactin to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS·+) were 1.275 ± 0.11 and 0.73 ± 0.08 mg mL-1, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides a scientific basis for the application of B. subtilis SOPC5 (as a potential probiotic) and the preparation of its metabolic product (surfactin). © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Shu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chunfang Ma
- Shandong Yuwang Ecological Food Industry Co., Ltd., Yucheng, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liurong Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Omar AA, Gado MS, Kandel HE, Farrag FA, Shukry M. Probiotic Efficacy in Aquaculture: The Role of Technospore® (Bacillus coagulans) in Improving Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Performance and Disease Resistance: a Study on Gut Health, Immunological Response, and Gene Expression. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10279-3. [PMID: 38771456 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Technospore® (Bacillus coagulans) supplementation on intestinal health, immune response, and Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) growth performance. The experiment divided fish into four groups: a control group fed an unsupplemented diet and three experimental groups receiving diets supplemented with 0.2 g/kg, 0.4 g/kg, and 0.8 g/kg of Technospore®, respectively. Results indicated that Technospore® supplementation significantly enhanced growth rates and feed efficiency in all treated groups, with the most pronounced improvements observed in the group receiving 0.4 g/kg. Furthermore, the study revealed that B. coagulans supplementation markedly boosted serum immune responses, as evidenced by increased phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and lysozyme levels, following a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Histological analysis showed improved gut morphology, while gene expression analysis indicated upregulation of immune-related genes, including liver IGF-1, GHR, HSP70, IL-1β, and TNF-α, as well as spleen TNF-α and IL-1β and intestinal C-lysozyme and TNF-α, both before and after the bacterial challenge. These findings suggest that dietary inclusion of Technospore® can significantly improve gut health and immune responses in tilapia, potentially serving as an effective prophylactic alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Omar
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Gado
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hamada E Kandel
- Fish Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Foad A Farrag
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Dakahlia, 7730103, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Animal Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
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Golnari M, Bahrami N, Milanian Z, Rabbani Khorasgani M, Asadollahi MA, Shafiei R, Fatemi SSA. Isolation and characterization of novel Bacillus strains with superior probiotic potential: comparative analysis and safety evaluation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1457. [PMID: 38228716 PMCID: PMC10791968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the current use of some Bacillus spp. as probiotics, looking for and introducing new efficient and safe potential probiotic strains is one of the most important topics in both microbiology and food industry. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the probiotic characteristics and safety of some Bacillus spp. from natural sources. Thirty-six spore-forming, Gram-positive, and catalase-positive Bacillus isolates were identified in 54 samples of soil, feces and dairy products. Bacterial identification was performed using 16S rDNA sequencing. To evaluate the probiotic potential of isolates, the resistance of bacterial cells to simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions, the presence of enterotoxin genes, their susceptibility to antibiotics, antimicrobial and hemolytic activities and biochemical profiles were investigated. The results revealed that eight sporulating Bacillus spp. isolates fulfilled all tested probiotic criteria. They showed a high growth rate, non-hemolytic and lecithinase activity, and resistance to simulated GIT conditions. These strains exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. In addition, they did not exhibit antibacterial resistance to the 12 tested antibiotics. The results of this study suggest that these isolates can be considered as candidates for functional foods and as safe additives to improve diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Golnari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nastaran Bahrami
- Department of Microbiology, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Iran
| | - Zahra Milanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabbani Khorasgani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Asadollahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Shafiei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Safa-Ali Fatemi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Herrmann LW, Letti LAJ, Penha RDO, Soccol VT, Rodrigues C, Soccol CR. Bacillus genus industrial applications and innovation: First steps towards a circular bioeconomy. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108300. [PMID: 38101553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental concerns have directed several policies, investments, and production processes. The search for sustainable and eco-friendly strategies is constantly increasing to reduce petrochemical product utilization, fossil fuel pollution, waste generation, and other major ecological impacts. The concepts of circular economy, bioeconomy, and biorefinery are increasingly being applied to solve or reduce those problems, directing us towards a greener future. Within the biotechnology field, the Bacillus genus of bacteria presents extremely versatile microorganisms capable of producing a great variety of products with little to no dependency on petrochemicals. They are able to grow in different agro-industrial wastes and extreme conditions, resulting in healthy and environmentally friendly products, such as foods, feeds, probiotics, plant growth promoters, biocides, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. The objective of this review was to compile the variety of products that can be produced with Bacillus cells, using the concepts of biorefinery and circular economy as the scope to search for greener alternatives to each production method and providing market and bioeconomy ideas of global production. Although the genus is extensively used in industry, little information is available on its large-scale production, and there is little current data regarding bioeconomy and circular economy parameters for the bacteria. Therefore, as this work gathers several products' economic, production, and environmentally friendly use information, it can be addressed as one of the first steps towards those sustainable strategies. Additionally, an extensive patent search was conducted, focusing on products that contain or are produced by the Bacillus genus, providing an indication of global technology development and direction of the bacteria products. The Bacillus global market represented at least $18 billion in 2020, taking into account only the products addressed in this article, and at least 650 patent documents submitted per year since 2017, indicating this market's extreme importance. The data we provide in this article can be used as a base for further studies in bioeconomy and circular economy and show the genus is a promising candidate for a greener and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Wedderhoff Herrmann
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
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Lin B, He D, Wen W, Lin B, Li Y, Chen X. Whole genome sequencing and functional analysis of porcine-borne Bacillus coagulans LYBC06. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2155568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Biaosheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Health products, Engineering Technology Research Center, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dingyan He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wenying Wen
- Food Inspection Laboratory, Quality Measurement Inspection and Testing Center, Wuping County Market Supervisory Authority, Wuping, Fujian, PR China
| | - Bin Lin
- Project Management Office, Agricultural and Social Development Section, Longyan Science and Technology Bureau, Longyan, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian, PR China
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Zheng W, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Ding L, Yao W. The synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protects intestinal barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 37301956 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactulose as an effective prebiotic protects intestinal mucosal injury. Bacillus coagulans is widely used in feed additives because of its ability to promote intestinal health. Our previous study suggests that the combination of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans may be a good candidate as alternative for antibiotic growth promoters. However, the in vivo effects of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on growth and intestinal health under immune challenge in piglets remains unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the protective effects of synbiotic containing lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal mucosal injury and barrier dysfunction under immune challenge in weaned piglets. METHODS Twenty four weaned piglets were assigned to 4 groups. Piglets in the CON-saline and LPS-LPS group were fed the basal diet, while others were fed either with chlortetracycline (CTC) or synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans for 32 d before injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection to collect samples to determine intestinal morphology, integrity and barrier functions as well as relative genes and proteins. RESULTS Our data showed that no differences were observed in the growth performance of the four test groups. LPS injection induced higher serum diamine oxidase activities, D-lactic acid levels, and endotoxin status, lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, greater mRNA and lower protein expression related tight junction in both jejunum and ileum. In addition, a higher apoptosis index, and protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were also observed in the LPS challenge group. Interestingly, dietary synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protected against LPS-induced intestinal damage, barrier dysfunction and higher apoptosis as well as CTC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that dietary supplementation of synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed resilience to LPS-induced intestinal morphological damage, barrier dysfunction and aggressive apoptosis in piglets as well as the protective effects of CTC. These results indicate that synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed beneficial effects on performance and resilience to acute immune stress in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuyan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunnan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liren Ding
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Soundararajan S, Selvakumar J, Maria Joseph ZM, Gopinath Y, Saravanan V, Santhanam R. Investigating the modulatory effects of Moringa oleifera on the gut microbiota of chicken model through metagenomic approach. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1153769. [PMID: 37323848 PMCID: PMC10267347 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1153769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to assess the effects of supplementing chicken feed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder, a phytobiotic, on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The objective was to examine the microbial changes induced by the supplementation. Methods A total of 40, one-day-old chickens were fed their basal diet for 42 days and then divided into two groups: SG1 (basal diet) and SG2 (basal diet + 10 g/kg Moringa oleifera leaf powder). Metagenomics analysis was conducted to analyze operational taxonomic units (OTUs), species annotation, and biodiversity. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for molecular characterization of isolated gut bacteria, identified as Enterococcus faecium. The isolated bacteria were tested for essential metabolites, demonstrating antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Results and discussion The analysis revealed variations in the microbial composition between the control group (SG1) and the M. oleifera-treated group (SG2). SG2 showed a 47% increase in Bacteroides and a 30% decrease in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes compared to SG1. TM7 bacteria were observed exclusively in the M. oleifera-treated group. These findings suggest that Moringa oleifera leaf powder acts as a modulator that enhances chicken gut microbiota, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria. PICRUSt analysis supported these findings, showing increased carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the M.oleifera-treated gut microbiota. Conclusion This study indicates that supplementing chicken feed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder as a phytobiotic enhances the gut microbiota in chicken models, potentially improving overall health. The observed changes in bacterial composition, increased presence of Bacteroides, and exclusive presence of TM7 bacteria suggest a positive modulation of microbial balance. The essential metabolites from isolated Enterococcus faecium bacteria further support the potential benefits of Moringa oleifera supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmiya Soundararajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jasmine Selvakumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zion Mercy Maria Joseph
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yuvapriya Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishali Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Cirilo E, Junior NR, Andrade T, Souza C, Kaufmann C, Kohler T, Datsch L, Vieira B, Junior J, Carvalho P, Eyng C, Nunes R. Effects of probiotics on blood metabolites, enterocytes, growth, and carcass characteristics of broilers challenged with Salmonella Serovar Heidelberg. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Gao X, Yu J, Chang L, Wang Y, Sun X, Mu G, Qian F. In vitro antibacterial activity of Bacillus coagulans T242 on Caco-2 cells infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Elleithy EMM, Bawish BM, Kamel S, Ismael E, Bashir DW, Hamza D, Fahmy KNED. Influence of dietary Bacillus coagulans and/or Bacillus licheniformis-based probiotics on performance, gut health, gene expression, and litter quality of broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:38. [PMID: 36640209 PMCID: PMC9840593 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms that are potentially important non-antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to compare novel multi-strain and single-strain Bacillus probiotics and their respective influences on broiler chickens' performance, gut health, litter quality, immune response, and NBN and TLR gene expression. A total of 1200 Arbor-Acres 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into three treatments (T1 was a control, T2 was supplemented with a combined Bacillus coagulans (2 × 109 cfu/g) and Bacillus licheniformis (8 × 109 cfu/g) probiotic strains (0.2 kg/ton of feed), and T3 was supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis (3.2 × 109 cfu/g) probiotic (0.5 kg/ton of feed) with eight replicas of each. Supplementing the broiler diet with either the single-strain (T3) or the multi-strain (T2) Bacillus-based probiotic raised the overall birds' body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and European production efficiency factor compared to the control (T1), with a significant enhancement achieved by the multi-strain Bacillus product (P = 0.005). T2 and T3 exhibited significantly improved cholesterol, Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase levels than the control (P ≤ 0.05). The transcript levels of both NBN and TLR genes were upregulated in the liver in the T2 and T3 groups. The T2 group experienced significant reductions in gut bacterial counts, especially for Clostridia, and recorded the lowest litter moisture and nitrogen. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with probiotics of multiple Bacillus strains increased production profitability by promoting bird growth, improving feed intake, enhancing gut mucosa and immune organs, and upregulating genes responsible for immunity. All these inhibit the overgrowth of enteric pathogens and sustain litter quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtihal M M Elleithy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Basma M Bawish
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Elshaimaa Ismael
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Nasr El-Din Fahmy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Bahaddad SA, Almalki MHK, Alghamdi OA, Sohrab SS, Yasir M, Azhar EI, Chouayekh H. Bacillus Species as Direct-Fed Microbial Antibiotic Alternatives for Monogastric Production. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1-16. [PMID: 35092567 PMCID: PMC8799964 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic growth promoters have been utilized for long time at subtherapeutic levels as feed supplements in monogastric animal rations. Because of their side-effects such as antibiotic resistance, reduction of beneficial bacteria in the gut, and dysbiosis, it is necessary to look for non-therapeutic alternatives. Probiotics play an important role as the key substitutes to antibacterial agents due to their many beneficial effects on the monogastric animal host. For instance, enhancement of the gut microbiota balance can contribute to improvement of feed utilization efficiency, nutrients absorption, growth rate, and economic profitability of livestock. Probiotics are defined as "live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host." They are available in diverse forms for use as feed supplements. Their utilization as feed additives assists in good digestion of feed ingredients and hence, making the nutrients available for promoting growth. Immunity can also be enhanced by supplementing probiotics to monogastrics diets. Moreover, probiotics can help in improving major meat quality traits and countering a variety of monogastric animals infectious diseases. A proper selection of the probiotic strains is required in order to confer optimal beneficial effects. The present review focuses on the general functional, safety, and technological screening criteria for selection of ideal Bacillus probiotics as feed supplements as well as their mechanism of action and beneficial effects on monogastric animals for improving production performance and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa A Bahaddad
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal H K Almalki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed S Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hichem Chouayekh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Muñoz Pabon KS, Hoyos Concha JL, Solanilla Duque JF. Quinoa extruded snacks with probiotics: Physicochemical and sensory properties. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.935425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of probiotic foods has grown rapidly, and these are generally found in dairy matrices where their growth is favored. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new probiotic snack made from quinoa and added with spore-forming probiotic bacteria in two concentrations of 0.3 and 0.35%. The probiotic was added by spraying, after the extrusion process, together with salt and oil, at 70°C under dry conditions. Bacterial viability, resistance to simulated gastric juice, physical, chemical, and sensory tests were then evaluated during 120 days of storage at room temperature (20°C) and compared to a controlled snack without probiotic. The probiotic Bacillus coagulans was tested for the molecular identification and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria. Viability assessment was remained above 107 CFU/g of snacks. The intestinal tract simulation resistance test showed a viability of 70%. The physicochemical and sensory properties evaluated had no significant changes during storage time compared to control snack. The results of the taxonomic analysis indicate that the analyzed strain has, on average, 98% identity in 98% of its length belonging to Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus badius species. The probiotic showed inhibition against pathogenic bacteria. The new snack with probiotic is stable during storage.
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Liu Z, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Liu T, Fan Y, Liu T, Peng N. Bacillus coagulans in Combination with Chitooligosaccharides Regulates Gut Microbiota and Ameliorates the DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0064122. [PMID: 35900082 PMCID: PMC9430726 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00641-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory disorders, which may be caused by intestinal barrier dysfunction, immune system disorders and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotic, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, is thought to be a pragmatic approach in mitigating inflammation in UC. Bacillus coagulans has been recognized as a potential probiotic for treating intestinal diseases because of its favorable industrial and probiotic properties, including sporulation and lactic acid production. In this study, we evaluated the treatment effects of the B. coagulans FCYS01 spores with or without the chitooligosaccharides (COSs) on UC generated using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Supplementation of B. coagulans spores, prebiotic COSs or the synbiotic (the spores + COSs) had a significant positive effect on DSS-induced UC. The disease activity index and histological damage score were significantly reduced after these supplementations. Compared to DSS group, these supplementations also significantly modulated the cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and significantly maintained expressions of tight junction proteins and mucin protein and promotes recovery of the intestinal barrier. In addition, these supplementations regulate the composition of gut microbiota and improve the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), through enrichment of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Ruminococcus species. In summary, the synbiotic ameliorated the overall inflammatory status of the experimental UC model and showed a better treatment effect than B. coagulans or COSs did alone as revealed by the markers such as, colon length, IL-4 and Occludin levels. IMPORTANCE Probiotic and prebiotic are believed to be useful in alleviating the inflammatory, thereby resolving or preventing the severity of UC. Spore-forming bacteria Bacillus coagulans show advantages of stability and probiotic effects, being suggested as the important probiotics for UC treatment. Here, we demonstrate that administration of B. coagulans spores, chitooligosaccharides (COSs), or the synbiotic attenuates DSS-induced colitis and significantly correlates with altered gut immune responses. The treatment effect of the synbiotic is inferred to be relied on the enrichment of probiotic bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Ruminococcaceae species, which are reported to be crucial important for gut health. Our findings facilitate the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for UC using spore-forming lactic acid bacteria in combination with COSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Peng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Sun T, Miao H, Zhang C, Wang Y, Liu S, Jiao P, Li W, Li Y, Huang Z. Effect of dietary Bacillus coagulans on the performance and intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets. Animal 2022; 16:100561. [PMID: 35716416 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of weaned piglets suffers from severe limitations resulting from diarrhoea. Therefore, this trial was performed to investigate the effects of Bacillus coagulans as an alternative to antibiotics on piglet growth performance and intestinal health. Ninety (initial BW = 7.70 ± 0.17 kg, weaning age of 26 days) healthy weaned piglets with similar BWs were selected and randomised into three treatment groups. Pigs in the negative control (NC) group were fed a basal diet, pigs in the positive control (PC) group were fed the basal diet plus antibiotics, and pigs in the test group (BC) were fed the basal diet plus Bacillus coagulans at 600 g/t; the trial lasted for 28 days. The results showed that the ratios of feed to gain (F:G) of both the BC and PC groups from 1 to 21 days were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and the average daily weight gain (ADG) of the BC group from 22 to 28 days was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the NC group in terms of growth performance. The diarrhoea index was lowest in the PC group, followed by the BC group, and highest in the NC group. The BC group had a lower diarrhoea index at the later stage. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing to measure the intestinal bacteria and found that the BC group had a higher intestinal bacteria diversity than the NC and PC groups (P < 0.05). From days 1 to 21, the main differential species were Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05); from days 22 to 28, the main differential species were Prevotella_9, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, Anaerovibrio, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis between growth performance and species revealed specific gut microorganisms responsible for variation in F:G, ADG, and diarrhoea index, such as Prevotellaceae, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Ruminococcaceae, Phascolarctobacterium, and Anaerovibrio. In conclusion, Bacillus coagulans changed the microbial composition in the faeces of weaned piglets, which had positive effects on growth performance and the diarrhoea index. Therefore, our study provided new insight into the future application of Bacillus coagulans as an additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehu Sun
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Huabiao Miao
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- COFCO Feed Co., Ltd., Beijing 10020, China
| | - Wei Li
- COFCO Feed Co., Ltd., Beijing 10020, China
| | - Yong Li
- COFCO Feed Co., Ltd., Beijing 10020, China.
| | - Zunxi Huang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
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Gao X, Zhang Y, Mu G, Xu Y, Wang X, Tuo Y, Qian F. Protecting Effect of Bacillus coagulans T242 on HT-29 Cells Against AAPH-Induced Oxidative Damage. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:741-750. [PMID: 35501534 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant potential of Bacillus coagulans T242. B. coagulans T242 showed better antioxidant activities, including the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging ability, lipid peroxidation inhibiting ability and reducing ability, than those exerted by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). B. coagulans T242 positively regulated the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-relatedfactor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Nrf2/Keap1) pathway-related proteins (Nrf2, Keap1, heine oxygenase-1 (HO-1)); increased antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)); reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) level; decreased the expression of inflammatory-related cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); and thus increased the survival rate in 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-damaged HT-29 cells. This study proved that B. coagulans T242 exerted antioxidative effects by quenching oxygen free radicals and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Liaoning, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Liaoning, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Liaoning, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Liaoning, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Liaoning, 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Liaoning, 116034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District, Liaoning, 116034, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Zhang J, Gu S, Zhang T, Wu Y, Ma J, Zhao L, Li X, Zhang J. Characterization and antibacterial modes of action of bacteriocins from Bacillus coagulans CGMCC 9951 against Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Majeed M, Majeed S, Arumugam S, Ali F, Beede K. Comparative evaluation for thermostability and gastrointestinal survival of probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:962-971. [PMID: 33580694 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal stability (D-value and pasteurization) and gastric acid resistance of spore forming and nonspore forming probiotic strains were evaluated in this study. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 spores showed highest thermal resistance (D-value 35.71 at 90 °C) when compared with other Bacillus strains and Lactobacillus species. B. coagulans strains exhibited significantly higher resistance to simulated gastric juice (pH 1.3, 1.5, and 2.0) compared to Lactobacillus strains. It also showed high resistance to cooking conditions of chapati (whole wheat flour-based flatbread) (88.94% viability) and wheat noodles (and 94.56% viability), suggesting remarkable thermal resistance during food processing. Furthermore, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 retained 73% viability after microwave cooking conditions (300 s, at 260 °C) and 98.52% in milk and juice at pasteurization temperature (420 min, at 72 °C). Thus, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 clearly demonstrated excellent resistance to gastric acid and high temperature (90 °C), thereby suggesting its extended application in functional foods (milk, fruit juices, chapati, and wheat noodles) wherein high temperature processing is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, 19/1, 19/2, First Main, Second Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Sabinsa Corporation, 750 Innovation Circle, Payson, UT, USA
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, 19/1, 19/2, First Main, Second Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Sabinsa Corporation, 750 Innovation Circle, Payson, UT, USA
| | - Sivakumar Arumugam
- Sami Labs Limited, 19/1, 19/2, First Main, Second Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Furqan Ali
- Sami Labs Limited, 19/1, 19/2, First Main, Second Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirankumar Beede
- Sami Labs Limited, 19/1, 19/2, First Main, Second Phase, Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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18
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Yeni F, Samut H, Soyer Y. Effect of Non-LAB Probiotics on Foodborne Enteric Pathogens: A Systematic Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1938114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Yeni
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Samut
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Soyer
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Zhang B, Zhang H, Yu Y, Zhang R, Wu Y, Yue M, Yang C. Effects of Bacillus Coagulans on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity function, and gut health in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101168. [PMID: 33975039 PMCID: PMC8131733 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity function and gut health in broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 8 replicates comprising 20 broilers each. The experiment lasted 42 d. Treatments included: basal diet without antibiotics (NCO); basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline (ANT); basal diet supplemented with 5 × 109 CFU/kg B. coagulans(BC). The B. coagulans enhanced body weight (BW) and average daily gain compared with the NCO group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in average daily feed intake and feed: gain ratio (F: G) among three groups (P > 0.05). The B. coagulans significantly increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels and reduced malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgY) were significantly higher in the BC group when compared to the NCO and ANT groups (P < 0.05). The B. coagulans also markedly reduced serum levels of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and enhanced anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) concentrations compared with control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the control group, BC significantly inhibited serum xanthine oxidase activity (P < 0.05). The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyrate, isobutyric acid and valerate in BC group were significantly increased on d 42 compared with the NCO and ANT groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BC significantly altered cecal microbiota by reducing Desulfovibrio and Parasutterella, and by increasing Alistipes and Odoribacter (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, dietary B. coagulans, when used as an alternative to antibiotics, improved body weight, average daily gain, antioxidant capacity, immunity function and gut health in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Min Yue
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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20
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Singh V, Hwang N, Ko G, Tatsuya U. Effects of digested Cheonggukjang on human microbiota assessed by in vitro fecal fermentation. J Microbiol 2021; 59:217-227. [PMID: 33527320 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro fecal fermentation is an assay that uses fecal microbes to ferment foods, the results of which can be used to evaluate the potential of prebiotic candidates. To date, there have been various protocols used for in vitro fecal fermentation-based assessments of food substances. In this study, we investigated how personal gut microbiota differences and external factors affect the results of in vitro fecal fermentation assays. We used Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a Korean traditional fermented soybean soup that is acknowledged as healthy functional diet. CGJ was digested in vitro using acids and enzymes, and then fermented with human feces anaerobically. After fecal fermentation, the microbiota was analyzed using MiSeq, and the amount of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured using GC-MS. Our results suggest that CGJ was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce SCFAs, and this process resulted in an increase in the abundance of Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium and a reduction in the growth of Sutterella, an opportunistic pathogen. The metabolic activities predicted from the microbiota shifts indicated enhanced metabolism linked to methionine biosynthesis and depleted chondroitin sulfate degradation. Moreover, the amount of SCFAs and microbiota shifts varied depending on personal microbiota differences. Our findings also suggest that in vitro fecal fermentation of CGJ for longer durations may partially affect certain fecal microbes. Overall, the study discusses the usability of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation (GIDFF) to imitate the effects of diet-induced microbiome modulation and its impact on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Hwang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangpyo Ko
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Unno Tatsuya
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Fan R, Burghardt JP, Huang J, Xiong T, Czermak P. Purification of Crude Fructo-Oligosaccharide Preparations Using Probiotic Bacteria for the Selective Fermentation of Monosaccharide Byproducts. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:620626. [PMID: 33584587 PMCID: PMC7874009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are microbes that promote health when consumed in sufficient amounts. They are present in many fermented foods or can be provided directly as supplements. Probiotics utilize non-digestible prebiotic oligosaccharides for growth in the intestinal tract, contributing to a healthy microbiome. The oligosaccharides favored by probiotics are species-dependent, as shown by the selective utilization of substrates in mixed sugar solutions such as crude fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). Enzymatically produced crude FOS preparations contain abundant monosaccharide byproducts, residual sucrose, and FOS varying in chain length. Here we investigated the metabolic profiles of four probiotic bacteria during the batch fermentation of crude FOS under controlled conditions. We found that Bacillus subtilis rapidly utilized most of the monosaccharides but little sucrose or FOS. We therefore tested the feasibility of a microbial fed-batch fermentation process for the purification of FOS from crude preparations, which increased the purity of FOS from 59.2 to 82.5% with a final concentration of 140 g·l-1. We also tested cell immobilization in alginate beads as a means to remove monosaccharides from crude FOS. This encapsulation concept establishes the basis for new synbiotic formulations that combine probiotic microbes and prebiotic oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Burghardt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jinqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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22
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Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and IL-8 gene expression induced by some foodborne pathogens in presence of Bacillus coagulans in HT-29 cells. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104685. [PMID: 33296714 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food poisoning caused by bacteria is one of the most important concerns in food hygiene. The use of probiotics in prevention, control, and treatment of these infections has been considerably increased in recent years. This study evaluated the effect of B. coagulans cell free supernatant (CFS) on growth of Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by the broth dilution method. The cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induced by pathogens alone and in co-culture with B. coagulans or its CFS were measured by trypan blue, and fluorescence staining methods. The expression level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) cytokine-encoding genes was also investigated by a qRT-PCR assay in all pathogens and co-cultured groups in HT-29 cells. Our results showed that 4% B. coagulans CFS reduced pathogen growth. The highest rate of growth inhibition was observed in L. monocytogenes. We also found that B. coagulans, and its 4% CFS reduced the cytotoxic effects of pathogens, with the exception of S. aureus. Non-pathogenic E. coli also had no significant cytotoxic effect on the cells. Examination of the treated cells with acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed reductions in the rate of cell damage (including early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and necrosis) in pathogen-probiotic co-cultures. Furthermore, we showed that co-culture of pathogens with B. coagulans significantly down-regulated IL-8 gene expression (P < 0.05). The greatest down-regulation compared with pathogen alone was observed in S. aureus. Hence, B. coagulans can be considered as an appropriate probiotic to diminish cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response of enteropathogenic bacteria.
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23
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Ciurescu G, Dumitru M, Gheorghe A, Untea AE, Drăghici R. Effect of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, bone mineralization, and bacterial population of broilers fed with different protein sources. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5960-5971. [PMID: 33142513 PMCID: PMC7647910 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of Bacillus subtilis (BS), ATCC 6051a strain, as a probiotic bacterium in broiler diets based of 2 protein sources (soybean meal [SBM] and cowpea seeds [CWP]), on growth performance (GP), carcass traits, bone mineralization, and microflora population (0 to 42 d age). The SBM and CWP starter, grower, and finisher diets were tested in the presence or absence of BS (5.0 × 1011 CFU spores g−1 feed) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design. Broilers were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment (20 chicks per pen). The results showed that broilers fed CWP had comparable GP (body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) to the birds fed the SBM diet. Carcass, breast and legs' yield, organ size (i.e., gizzard, liver, pancreas, small intestine, cecum), and bone development were not affected by the protein source. The addition of BS in both types of diet improved BWG (P < 0.001) and feed efficiency, especially in the grower and finisher period (P = 0.047; P = 0.043, respectively). In addition, BS significantly decreased abdominal fat (P = 0.026) and cecum weight (P = 0.034) and increased tibia bone P concentration (P = 0.015). Furthermore, BS decrease cecal pH (P = 0.010) and reduced Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. from cecum and excreta broilers (P < 0.001; P < 0.0001, respectively). It is concluded that the BS significantly improved the GP of broilers and can beneficially affect the gut and excreta bacterial community in both SBM and CWP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciurescu
- National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition Calea București, Ilfov, Romania
| | - M Dumitru
- National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition Calea București, Ilfov, Romania; Department of Biotechnology, Doctoral School, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Gheorghe
- National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition Calea București, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - A E Untea
- National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition Calea București, Ilfov, Romania
| | - R Drăghici
- Research-Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, Dăbuleni, Dolj, Romania
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Isolation of a Highly Efficient Antigenic-Protein-Degrading Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Assessment of Its Safety. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071144. [PMID: 32640687 PMCID: PMC7401624 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Soybean meal (SBM), a byproduct of soybean oil extraction, is a commonly used dietary protein in the poultry and swine feed industries because of its high quality protein and relatively well-balanced amino acids. However, major antigenic proteins in SBM, glycinin and β-conglycinin, can trigger allergic reactions, including intestine villus atrophy and other malabsorption syndromes, in newborn animals. Microbial fermentation is considered an economically viable processing technique to reduce the content of antigenic proteins, and improve the nutritional quality of SBM. The kind of microorganism used in fermentation is one of the major factors affecting the nutritional value of SBM. In this study, a highly efficient Bacillus. amyloliquefaciens strain was successfully isolated with convenient and effective plate tests, and used in a fermentation experiment. Fermentation with B. amyloliquefaciens for 24 h effectively degraded the glycinin and β-conglycinin in SBM, significantly improved the crude protein content and acid soluble protein concentration, and increased the total amino acid content. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens had no adverse effects on animal health. These results indicate that the B. amyloliquefaciens strain isolated in this study is safe for animal use and can be widely used in SBM fermentation. Abstract The aims of this study were to screen and isolate a highly efficient strain from the rumen of a cow that can degrade the antigenic soy proteins in soybean meal (SBM) and improve the nutritional value of SBM by fermenting it with this strain. The safety of this strain was investigated with an acute oral toxicity test. A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain was successfully screened with plate tests and fermentation. After solid state fermentation of SBM with B. amyloliquefaciens for 24 h, the amounts of glycinin and β-conglycinin, two major antigenic proteins in SBM, decreased by 92.32% and 85.05%, respectively. The crude protein content in the fermented soybean meal (FSBM) increased by 17.54% compared with that in SBM. Notably, the trichloroacetic-acid-soluble protein (TCA-SP) content, particularly small peptides and free amino acids, was 9.97-fold higher in FSBM than in SBM. The in vitro dry matter digestibility and digestible energy of SBM increased from 62.91% to 72.52% and from 10.42 MJ/kg to 13.37 MJ/kg (dry matter basis), respectively, after fermentation. The acute oral toxicity test suggested that the strain exerted no harmful effects on the relative organ weights, the morphological tissue structure, or the health of mice. These results indicate that the B. amyloliquefaciens strain isolated in this study is a safe strain for animals, and could be used to improve the nutritional quality of SBM by solid-state fermentation.
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Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Xu Y, Ying J, Wang B, Majeed M, Majeed S, Pande A, Li W. Application of Bacillus coagulans in Animal Husbandry and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E454. [PMID: 32182789 PMCID: PMC7143728 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, probiotics have attracted widespread attention and their application in healthcare and animal husbandry has been promising. Among many probiotics, Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) has become a key player in the field of probiotics in recent years. It has been demonstrated to be involved in regulating the balance of the intestinal microbiota, promoting metabolism and utilization of nutrients, improving immunity, and more importantly, it also has good industrial properties such as high temperature resistance, acid resistance, bile resistance, and the like. This review highlights the effects of B. coagulans in animal husbandry and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Jiafu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka 560058, India;
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Anurag Pande
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
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Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Du Y, Xu Z, Yu G, Liu W, Zhou Q, Yang D, Li J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Xue C, Cao Y. A Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilis Strain Named WS-1 Inhibited Diarrhea and Death Caused by Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Newborn Piglets. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1248. [PMID: 31249559 PMCID: PMC6582243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is recognized as a safe and reliable human and animal probiotic and is associated with bioactivities such as production of vitamin and immune stimulation. Additionally, it has great potential to be used as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs, which is significant in the context of antibiotic abuse in food animal production. In this study, we isolated one strain of B. subtilis, named WS-1, from apparently healthy pigs growing with sick cohorts on one Escherichia coli endemic commercial pig farm in Guangdong, China. WS-1 can strongly inhibit the growth of pathogenic E. coli in vitro. The B. subtilis strain WS-1 showed typical Bacillus characteristics by endospore staining, biochemical test, enzyme activity analysis, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Genomic analysis showed that the B. subtilis strain WS-1 shares 100% genomic synteny with B. subtilis with a size of 4,088,167 bp. Importantly, inoculation of newborn piglets with 1.5 × 1010 CFU of B. subtilis strain WS-1 by oral feeding was able to clearly inhibit diarrhea (p < 0.05) and death (p < 0.05) caused by pathogenic E. coli in piglets. Furthermore, histopathological results showed that the WS-1 strain could protect small intestine from lesions caused by E. coli infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that the probiotic B. subtilis strain WS-1 acts as a potential biocontrol agent protecting pigs from pathogenic E. coli infection. Importance: In this work, one B. subtilis strain (WS-1) was successfully isolated from apparently healthy pigs growing with sick cohorts on one E. coli endemic commercial pig farm in Guangdong, China. The B. subtilis strain WS-1 was identified to inhibit the growth of pathogenic E. coli both in vitro and in vivo, indicating its potential application in protecting newborn piglets from diarrhea caused by E. coli infections. The isolation and characterization will help better understand this bacterium, and the strain WS-1 can be further explored as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs to protect human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Du
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guolian Yu
- Animal Disease Laboratory, Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xingning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Animal Disease Laboratory, Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xingning, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Animal Disease Laboratory, Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xingning, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Animal Disease Laboratory, Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xingning, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao C, Ni Z, Shao M, Han M, Huang D, Liu F. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a thermostable xylulose kinase from Bacillus coagulans IPE22. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:542-551. [PMID: 30747439 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Xylulose kinase is an important enzyme involved in xylose metabolism, which is considered as essential biocatalyst for sustainable lignocellulosic-derived pentose utilization. Bacillus coagulans IPE22 is an ideal bacterium for refinery due to its strong ability to ferment xylose at high temperature. However, the B. coagulans xylose utilization mechanism remains unclear and the related promising enzymes need to be developed. In the present study, the gene coding for xylulose kinase from B. coagulans IPE22 (Bc-XK) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Bc-XK has a 1536 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 511 amino acids (56.15 kDa). Multiple sequence alignments were performed and a phylogenetic tree was built to evaluate differences among Bc-XK and other bacteria homologs. Bc-XK showed a broad adaptability to high temperature and the enzyme displayed its best performance at pH 8.0 and 60 °C. Bc-XK was activated by Mg2+ , Mn2+ , and Co2+ . Meanwhile, the enzyme could keep activity at 60 °C for at least 180 min. KM values of Bc-XK for xylulose and ATP were 1.29 mM and 0.76 mM, respectively. The high temperature stability of Bc-XK implied that it was an attractive candidate for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Zhihua Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Menghua Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengying Han
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Dawei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Fengsong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 spores exhibit excellent in-vitro functional efficacy in simulated gastric survival, mucosal adhesion and immunomodulation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Xing SC, Chen JY, Lv N, Mi JD, Chen WL, Liang JB, Liao XD. Biosorption of lead (Pb 2+) by the vegetative and decay cells and spores of Bacillus coagulans R11 isolated from lead mine soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:804-816. [PMID: 30099165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lead (Pb2+) bioaccumulation capacities and mechanisms of three different physiological structures (vegetative cells, decay cells and spores) of B. coagulans R11 isolated from a lead mine were examined in this study. The results showed that the total Pb2+ removal capacity of vegetative cells (17.53 mg/g) was at its optimal and higher than those of the spores and decay cells at the initial lead concentration of 50 mg/L. However, when the initial lead concentration surpassed 50 mg/L, Pb2+ removal capacity of decay cells was more efficient. Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and functional group modification analyses demonstrated that the electrostatic attraction and chelating activity of the functional groups were the primary pathways involved in the extracellular accumulation of Pb2+ by the vegetative cells and spores. However, the primary Pb2+ binding pathway in the decay cells was hypothesized to be due to physical adsorption, which easily led to Pb2+ desorption. Based on these results, we conclude that the vegetative cell is the ideal lead sorbent. Therefore, it is important to inhibit the transformation of the vegetative cells into decay cells and spores, which can be achieved by culturing the bacteria under anaerobic conditions to prevent spore formation. Heat stimulation can effectively enhance spore germination to generate vegetative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ning Lv
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Dui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Li Chen
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhen W, Shao Y, Gong X, Wu Y, Geng Y, Wang Z, Guo Y. Effect of dietary Bacillus coagulans supplementation on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged by Salmonella enteritidis. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2654-2666. [PMID: 29660095 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of dietary Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) supplementation in birds receiving Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements of treatments with 2 levels of dietary B. coagulans (0 or 400 mg/kg) and 2 levels of SE challenge (0 or 1 × 109 SE between d 9 to 11). Results showed that SE infection did not affect growth performance, but caused intestinal inflammation and barrier function impairment by reducing intestinal goblet cells and beneficial bacteria numbers, increasing cecal Salmonella colonization and liver Salmonella invasion, downregulating jejunal mucin-2 (at 7 and 17 d post-infection, DPI), TLR2 (at 7 and 17 DPI), TLR4 (at 17 DPI), TNFSF15 (at 7 and 17 DPI) gene mRNA levels, and upregulating jejunal IFN-γ mRNA levels (at 17 DPI) compared to uninfected birds. Moreover, SE infection also elevated the concentration of jejunal anti-Salmonella IgA and sera anti-Salmonella IgG compared to uninfected birds. However, chickens received B. coagulans diets showed significant increase in body weight gain and weight gain to feed intake ratio from d 15 to 21, alkaline phosphatase activity (at 7 DPI), cecal Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium numbers (at 7 DPI; at 17 DPI), villous height: crypt ratio (at 17 DPI), and goblet cell numbers (at 7 and 17 DPI), whereas exhibiting reduced jejunal crypt depth (at 17 DPI), cecal Escherichia coli (at 7, 17, and 31 DPI), and Salmonella (at 7 and 17 DPI) levels compared with the non-supplemented birds, regardless of SE infection. In addition, B. coagulans supplement upregulated lysozyme mRNA levels (at 17 DPI), downregulated IFN-γ mRNA levels (at 7 and 17 DPI), showed an increased trend in Fowlicidin-2 mRNA levels (at 7 DPI) and a reduced trend in liver Salmonella load compared to the non-supplemented control. These data indicated that B. coagulans has a protective effect in SE infected broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Shao
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyan Gong
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Song MF, Kang YH, Zhang DX, Chen L, Bi JF, Zhang HP, Zhang L, Qian AD, Shan XF. Immunogenicity of extracellular products from an inactivated vaccine against Aeromonas veronii TH0426 in koi, Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:176-181. [PMID: 30026173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a type of human-livestock-aquatic animal pathogen; it is widely found in nature and causes many deaths among aquatic animals. Extracellular products (ECPs) are secreted by the pathogen during growth and reproduction. These products are considered effective protective antigens that can induce the host to produce an immune response. In this study, the ECPs of A.veronii TH0426 were prepared by ultrafiltration, and then the pathogenicity and enzymatic activity of the ECPs were determined. All the groups were injected intraperitoneally, as follows: group one: ECP protein with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant; group two: ECPs and formalin-killed cells (FKC) of A.veronii combined with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant (FKC + ECPs); group three: formalin-killed cells (FKC) of A.veronii combined with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant (FKC); and, group four: sterile PBS as the control group. The expression levels of IgM, IL-1β, and TNF-α and the lysozyme activity in blood were examined at 7, 14, and 21 days after the immunizations. The results show that the ECPs can produce protease, lipase, amylase and hemolyase, and there was no lecithinase, urease, or gelatinase activity. The results indicate that the ECPs were clearly pathogenic to koi fish, and the LD50 dose was 391.6 μg/fish. Throughout this study, the RPS of the three experimental groups were 75%, 50%, and 70%. This study indicates that the ECPs of A.veronii can effectively enhance the ability of kio fish to resist bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jian-Fei Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hai-Peng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Cell Aggregating Temperament and Biopotency of Cultivable Indigenous Actinobacterial Community Profile in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Gut System. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen L, Gu W, Xu HY, Yang GL, Shan XF, Chen G, Wang CF, Qian AD. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis 157 isolated from Eucommia ulmoides with pathogenic bacteria inhibiting and lignocellulolytic enzymes production by SSF. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:114. [PMID: 29430375 PMCID: PMC5801104 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis 157 was isolated from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides, and exhibited antagonistic activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Moreover, B. velezensis 157 also showed various lignocellulolytic activities including cellulase, xylanase, α-amylase, and pectinase, which had the ability of using the agro-industrial waste (soybean meal, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice husk, maize flour and maize straw) under solid-state fermentation and obtained several industrially valuable enzymes. Soybean meal appeared to be the most efficient substrate for the single fermentation of B. velezensis 157. Highest yield of pectinase (19.15 ± 2.66 U g-1), cellulase (46.69 ± 1.19 U g-1) and amylase (2097.18 ± 15.28 U g-1) was achieved on untreated soybean meal. Highest yield of xylanase (22.35 ± 2.24 U g-1) was obtained on untreated wheat bran. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the B. velezensis 157, composed of a circular 4,013,317 bp chromosome with 3789 coding genes and a G + C content of 46.41%, one circular 8439 bp plasmid and a G + C content of 40.32%. The genome contained a total of 8 candidate gene clusters (bacillaene, difficidin, macrolactin, butirosin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, fengycin and surfactin), and dedicates over 15.8% of the whole genome to synthesize secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In addition, the genes encoding enzymes involved in degradation of cellulose, xylan, lignin, starch, mannan, galactoside and arabinan were found in the B. velezensis 157 genome. Thus, the study of B. velezensis 157 broadened that B. velezensis can not only be used as biocontrol agents, but also has potentially a wide range of applications in lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong BaoLai-LeeLai Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Tai’an, 271000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-yan Xu
- Shandong BaoLai-LeeLai Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Tai’an, 271000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
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Wu Y, Shao Y, Song B, Zhen W, Wang Z, Guo Y, Shahid MS, Nie W. Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:9. [PMID: 29416856 PMCID: PMC5784659 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poultry industry is in need of effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis (NE) due to Clostridium perfringens. Methods This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Bacillus coagulans on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with C. perfringens-induced NE. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two dietary B. coagulans levels (0 or 4 × 109 CFU/kg of diet) and two disease challenge statuses (control or NE challenged). Results NE-induced reduction in body weight gain was relieved by the addition of B. coagulans into broiler diets compared with the NE-infected birds. NE infection damaged intestinal morphological structure, promoted intestinal C. perfringens growth and liver invasion, and enhanced anti-C. perfringens specific sIgA concentrations in the gut and specific IgG levels in serum compared with the uninfected birds. NE infection significantly (P < 0.05) decreased mucin-2 (at 14 d post-infection (DPI), toll -like receptor 2 (TLR2, at 7 and 14 DPI), TLR4 (at 7 and 14 DPI), tumor necrosis factor super family 15 (TNFSF15, at 7 and 14 DPI), lysozyme (LYZ, at 14 DPI) and fowlicidin-2 (at 7 and 14 DPI) mRNA levels, whereas it dramatically (P = 0.001) increased IFN-γ mRNA levels at 7 DPI. However, challenged birds fed diets supplemented with B. coagulans showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in gut lesion scores, decreased C. perfringens numbers in the cecum and liver, and an increase in fowlicidin-2 mRNA levels in compared with the uninfected birds. In addition, compared with the non-supplemented group, dietary inclusion of B. coagulans improved intestinal barrier structure, further increased specific sIgA levels and alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity in the jejunum, enhanced the expression of jejunum lysozyme mRNA, and inhibited the growth, colonization, and invasion of C. perfringens; in contrast, it reduced serum-specific IgG concentrations and jejunum IFN-γ mRNA levels. Conclusion These results indicated that dietary B. coagulans supplementation appeared to be effective in preventing the occurrence and reducing the severity of C. perfringens-induced NE in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Shao
- 2College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bochen Song
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Nie
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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