1
|
Poejo J, Gumerova NI, Rompel A, Mata AM, Aureliano M, Gutierrez-Merino C. Unveiling the agonistic properties of Preyssler-type Polyoxotungstates on purinergic P2 receptors. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112640. [PMID: 38968927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The Preyssler-type polyoxotungstate ({P5W30}) belongs to the family of polyanionic metal-oxides formed by group V and VI metal ions, such as V, Mo and W, commonly known as polyoxometalates (POMs). POMs have demonstrated inhibitory effect on a significant number of ATP-binding proteins in vitro. Purinergic P2 receptors, widely expressed in eukaryotic cells, contain extracellularly oriented ATP-binding sites and play many biological roles with health implications. In this work, we use the immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells in culture to study the effects of {P5W30} on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were monitored using fluorescence microscopy of HT-22 cells loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fluo3. 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of {P5W30} indicate its stability in the medium used for cytosolic Ca2+ measurements for over 30 min. The findings reveal that addition of {P5W30} to the extracellular medium induces a sustained increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration within minutes. This Ca2+ increase is triggered by extracellular Ca2+ entry into the cells and is dose-dependent, with a half-of-effect concentration of 0.25 ± 0.05 μM {P5W30}. In addition, after the {P5W30}-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increase, the transient Ca2+ peak induced by extracellular ATP is reduced up to 100% with an apparent half-of-effect concentration of 0.15 ± 0.05 μM {P5W30}. Activation of metabotropic purinergic P2 receptors affords about 80% contribution to the increase of Fluo3 fluorescence elicited by {P5W30} in HT-22 cells, whereas ionotropic receptors contribute, at most, with 20%. These results suggest that {P5W30} could serve as a novel agonist of purinergic P2 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Poejo
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nadiia I Gumerova
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ana M Mata
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel Aureliano
- DCBB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ensandoust T, Khakpour-Taleghani B, Jafari A, Rostampour M, Rohampour K, Ch MH. Effect of simultaneous application of adenosine A1 receptor agonist and A2A receptor antagonist on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024:115210. [PMID: 39159786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The potential role of adenosine, a natural neuroprotective agent, and its receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been proposed. The present study aims to examine the effect of administering both an A1 receptor agonist and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist simultaneously on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in an LPS-induced Alzheimer's disease model in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, LPS, Saline + Vehicle, LPS + Vehicle, LPS + SCH58261 (A2A receptor antagonist), LPS + CPA (A1 receptor agonist), LPS + SCH58261+CPA. LPS (3mg/kg/ip) was used to cause memory impairment. Treatment was performed by intraventricular injection of CPA at a dose of 700μg and SCH-58261 at 40μg for ten days. Passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to examine animals' memories. IL-10, TNF-α, and PSD-95 levels were measured in the brain using ELISA and western blot, respectively. Compared to the groups receiving each medication separately, the simultaneous administration of CPA and SCH58261 improved memory (P<0.05). Additionally, compared to the single medication groups, there was a significant increase in IL-10, PSD-95, and a significant decrease in TNF-α in the brain tissue (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the activation of A1 receptors along with A2A receptor inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that A1 receptor activation combined with A2A receptor inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ensandoust
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Adele Jafari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kambiz Rohampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayati Ch
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mei SY, Zhang N, Wang MJ, Lv PR, Liu Q. Microglial purinergic signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10029-8. [PMID: 38910192 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. The prevalent features of AD pathogenesis are the appearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which cause microglial activation, synaptic deficiency, and neuronal loss. Microglia accompanies AD pathological processes and is also linked to cognitive deficits. Purinergic signaling has been shown to play a complex and tight interplay with the chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and production of pro-inflammatory factors in microglia, which is an important mechanism for regulating microglia activation. Here, we review recent evidence for interactions between AD, microglia, and purinergic signaling and find that the purinergic P2 receptors pertinently expressed on microglia are the ionotropic receptors P2X4 and P2X7, and the subtypes of P2YRs expressed by microglia are metabotropic receptors P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y12, and P2Y13. The adenosine P1 receptors expressed in microglia include A1R, A2AR, and A2BR. Among them, the activation of P2X4, P2X7, and adenosine A1, A2A receptors expressed in microglia can aggravate the pathological process of AD, whereas P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y12, and P2Y13 receptors expressed by microglia can induce neuroprotective effects. However, A1R activation also has a strong neuroprotective effect and has a significant anti-inflammatory effect in chronic neuroinflammation. These receptors regulate a variety of pathophysiological processes in AD, including APP processing, Aβ production, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review also provides key pharmacological advances in purinergic signaling receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ya Mei
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jing Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ran Lv
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chinnathambi S, Chidambaram H. G-protein coupled receptors regulates Tauopathy in neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:467-493. [PMID: 38960483 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the microtubule-associated protein, Tau misfolds to form aggregates and filaments in the intra- and extracellular region of neuronal cells. Microglial cells are the resident brain macrophage cells involved in constant surveillance and activated by the extracellular deposits. Purinergic receptors are involved in the chemotactic migration of microglial cells towards the site of inflammation. From our recent study, we have observed that the microglial P2Y12 receptor is involved in phagocytosis of full-length Tau species such as monomers, oligomers and aggregates by actin-driven chemotaxis. This study shows the interaction of repeat-domain of Tau (TauRD) with the microglial P2Y12 receptor and the corresponding residues for interaction have been analyzed by various in-silico approaches. In the cellular studies, TauRD was found to interact with microglial P2Y12R and induces its cellular expression confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the P2Y12R-mediated TauRD internalization has demonstrated activation of microglia with an increase in the Iba1 level, and TauRD becomes accumulated at the peri-nuclear region for the degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Povo-Retana A, Sánchez-García S, Alvarez-Lucena C, Landauro-Vera R, Prieto P, Delgado C, Martín-Sanz P, Boscá L. Crosstalk between P2Y receptors and cyclooxygenase activity in inflammation and tissue repair. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:145-155. [PMID: 37052777 PMCID: PMC10997571 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of extracellular nucleotides as modulators of inflammation and cell stress is well established. One of the main actions of these molecules is mediated by the activation of purinergic receptors (P2) of the plasma membrane. P2 receptors can be classified according to two different structural families: P2X ionotropic ion channel receptors, and P2Y metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors. During inflammation, damaged cells release nucleotides and purinergic signaling occurs along the temporal pattern of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators by myeloid and lymphoid cells. In macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions, the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase 2 significantly increases and enhances the circulating levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which exerts its effects both through specific plasma membrane receptors (EP1-EP4) and by activation of intracellular targets. Here we review the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between PGE2 and P2Y receptors on macrophages, which is dependent on several isoforms of protein kinase C and protein kinase D1. Due to this crosstalk, a P2Y-dependent increase in calcium is blunted by PGE2 whereas, under these conditions, macrophages exhibit reduced migratory capacity along with enhanced phagocytosis, which contributes to the modulation of the inflammatory response and tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Povo-Retana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Sánchez-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Alvarez-Lucena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Landauro-Vera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Melchor Fernández Almagro 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Z, Wang X, Du S, Liu Q, Xu Z, Guo Y, Lin X. A review on traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture intervention for Alzheimer's disease based on the neuroinflammatory. Chin Med 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 38419106 PMCID: PMC10900670 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive development. It is clinically characterized by cognitive impairment, memory impairment and behavioral change. Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture are important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and are commonly used in clinical treatment of AD. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture treatment of AD, which combined with existing clinical and preclinical evidence, based on a comprehensive review of neuroinflammation, and discusses the efficacy and potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture treatment of AD. Resveratrol, curcumin, kaempferol and other Chinese herbal medicine components can significantly inhibit the neuroinflammation of AD in vivo and in vitro, and are candidates for the treatment of AD. Acupuncture can alleviate the memory and cognitive impairment of AD by improving neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, nerve cell apoptosis and reducing the production and aggregation of amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the brain. It has the characteristics of early, safe, effective and benign bidirectional adjustment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for improving the clinical strategies of TCM for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Simin Du
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ifediora N, Canoll P, Hargus G. Human stem cell transplantation models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1354164. [PMID: 38450383 PMCID: PMC10915253 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1354164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia. It is characterized by pronounced neuronal degeneration with formation of neurofibrillary tangles and deposition of amyloid β throughout the central nervous system. Animal models have provided important insights into the pathogenesis of AD and they have shown that different brain cell types including neurons, astrocytes and microglia have important functions in the pathogenesis of AD. However, there are difficulties in translating promising therapeutic observations in mice into clinical application in patients. Alternative models using human cells such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may provide significant advantages, since they have successfully been used to model disease mechanisms in neurons and in glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent studies that describe the transplantation of human iPSC-derived neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells into the forebrain of mice to generate chimeric transplantation models of AD. We also discuss opportunities, challenges and limitations in using differentiated human iPSCs for in vivo disease modeling and their application for biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nkechime Ifediora
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qiu C, Zhou W, Shen H, Wang J, Tang R, Wang T, Xie X, Hong B, Ren R, Wang G, Song Z. Profiles of subgingival microbiomes and gingival crevicular metabolic signatures in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:41. [PMID: 38373985 PMCID: PMC10875772 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted more attention recently, whereas profiles of subgingival microbiomes and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) metabolic signatures in AD patients have rarely been characterized; thus, little evidence exists to support the oral-brain axis hypothesis. Therefore, our study aimed to characterize both the microbial community of subgingival plaque and the metabolomic profiles of GCF in patients with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) for the first time. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Clinical examinations were performed on all participants. The microbial community of subgingival plaque and the metabolomic profiles of GCF were characterized using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography linked to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, respectively. RESULTS Thirty-two patients with AD, 32 patients with aMCI, and 32 cognitively normal people were enrolled. The severity of periodontitis was significantly increased in AD patients compared with aMCI patients and cognitively normal people. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that the relative abundances of 16 species in subgingival plaque were significantly correlated with cognitive function, and LC-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 165 differentially abundant metabolites in GCF. Moreover, multiomics Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) analysis revealed that 19 differentially abundant metabolites were significantly correlated with Veillonella parvula, Dialister pneumosintes, Leptotrichia buccalis, Pseudoleptotrichia goodfellowii, and Actinomyces massiliensis, in which galactinol, sn-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine, D-mannitol, 1 h-indole-1-pentanoic acid, 3-(1-naphthalenylcarbonyl)- and L-iditol yielded satisfactory accuracy for the predictive diagnosis of AD progression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first combined subgingival microbiome and GCF metabolome study in patients with AD and aMCI, which revealed that periodontal microbial dysbiosis and metabolic disorders may be involved in the etiology and progression of AD, and the differential abundance of the microbiota and metabolites may be useful as potential markers for AD in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Jinzun Road No.115, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin 2nd Road No.197, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin 2nd Road No.197, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, South Wanping Road No.600, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, South Wanping Road No.600, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rujing Ren
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin 2nd Road No.197, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin 2nd Road No.197, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Zhizaoju Road No.639, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Culibrk RA, Ebbert KA, Yeisley DJ, Chen R, Qureshi FA, Hahn J, Hahn MS. Impact of Suramin on Key Pathological Features of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease-Derived Forebrain Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:301-318. [PMID: 38427475 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by disrupted proteostasis and macroautophagy (hereafter "autophagy"). The pharmacological agent suramin has known autophagy modulation properties with potential efficacy in mitigating AD neuronal pathology. Objective In the present work, we investigate the impact of forebrain neuron exposure to suramin on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, a major regulator of autophagy, in comparison with rapamycin and chloroquine. We further investigate the effect of suramin on several AD-related biomarkers in sporadic AD (sAD)-derived forebrain neurons. Methods Neurons differentiated from ReNcell neural progenitors were used to assess the impact of suramin on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway relative to the autophagy inducer rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Mature forebrain neurons were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) sourced from a late-onset sAD patient and treated with 100μM suramin for 72 h, followed by assessments for amyloid-β, phosphorylated tau, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and synaptic puncta density. Results Suramin treatment of sAD-derived neurons partially ameliorated the increased p-Tau(S199)/Tau ratio, and fully remediated the increased glutathione to oxidized nitric oxide ratio, observed in untreated sAD-derived neurons relative to healthy controls. These positive results may be due in part to the distinct increases in Akt/mTOR pathway mediator p-p70S6K noted with suramin treatment of both ReNcell-derived and iPSC-derived neurons. Longer term neuronal markers, such as synaptic puncta density, were unaffected by suramin treatment. Conclusions These findings provide initial evidence supporting the potential of suramin to reduce the degree of dysregulation in sAD-derived forebrain neurons in part via the modulation of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Culibrk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Katherine A Ebbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Yeisley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Fatir A Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Juergen Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoshida K, Kato D, Sugio S, Takeda I, Wake H. Activity-dependent oligodendrocyte calcium dynamics and their changes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1154196. [PMID: 38026691 PMCID: PMC10644703 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1154196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OCs) form myelin around axons, which is dependent on neuronal activity. This activity-dependent myelination plays a crucial role in training and learning. Previous studies have suggested that neuronal activity regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and myelination. In addition, deficient activity-dependent myelination results in impaired motor learning. However, the functional response of OC responsible for neuronal activity and their pathological changes is not fully elucidated. In this research, we aimed to understand the activity-dependent OC responses and their different properties by observing OCs using in vivo two-photon microscopy. We clarified that the Ca2+ activity in OCs is neuronal activity dependent and differentially regulated by neurotransmitters such as glutamate or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Furthermore, in 5-month-old mice models of Alzheimer's disease, a period before the appearance of behavioral abnormalities, the elevated Ca2+ responses in OCs are ATP dependent, suggesting that OCs receive ATP from damaged tissue. We anticipate that our research will help in determining the correct therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases beyond the synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yoshida
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kato
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shouta Sugio
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is abundantly expressed in the brain, including both neurons and glial cells. While the expression of A2AR is relative low in glia, its levels elevate robustly in astrocytes and microglia under pathological conditions. Elevated A2AR appears to play a detrimental role in a number of disease states, by promoting neuroinflammation and astrocytic reaction to contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, P.R. China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lalo U, Pankratov Y. ATP-mediated signalling in the central synapses. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109477. [PMID: 36841527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
ATP released from the synaptic terminals and astrocytes can activate neuronal P2 receptors at a variety of locations across the CNS. Although the postsynaptic ATP-mediated signalling does not bring a major contribution into the excitatory transmission, it is instrumental for slow and diffuse modulation of synaptic dynamics and neuronal firing in many CNS areas. Neuronal P2X and P2Y receptors can be activated by ATP released from the synaptic terminals, astrocytes and microglia and thereby can participate in the regulation of synaptic homeostasis and plasticity. There is growing evidence of importance of purinergic regulation of synaptic transmission in different physiological and pathological contexts. Here, we review the main mechanisms underlying the complexity and diversity of purinergic signalling and purinergic modulation in central neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Lalo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Yuriy Pankratov
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Petrovskaya A, Tverskoi A, Medvedeva A, Nazarova M. Is blood-brain barrier a probable mediator of non-invasive brain stimulation effects on Alzheimer's disease? Commun Biol 2023; 6:416. [PMID: 37059824 PMCID: PMC10104838 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with no existing treatment leading to full recovery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown usually precedes the advent of first symptoms in AD and accompanies the progression of the disease. At the same time deliberate BBB opening may be beneficial for drug delivery in AD. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, primarily transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have shown multiple evidence of being able to alleviate symptoms of AD. Currently, TMS/tDCS mechanisms are mostly investigated in terms of their neuronal effects, while their possible non-neuronal effects, including mitigation of the BBB disruption, are less studied. We argue that studies of TMS/tDCS effects on the BBB in AD are necessary to boost the effectiveness of neuromodulation in AD. Moreover, such studies are important considering the safety issues of TMS/tDCS use in the advanced AD stages when the BBB is usually dramatically deteriorated. Here, we elucidate the evidence of NIBS-induced BBB opening and closing in various models from in vitro to humans, and highlight its importance in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrovskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Artem Tverskoi
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Angela Medvedeva
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, US
| | - Maria Nazarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chiarini A, Gui L, Viviani C, Armato U, Dal Prà I. NLRP3 Inflammasome’s Activation in Acute and Chronic Brain Diseases—An Update on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Respect to Other Inflammasomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040999. [PMID: 37189617 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent acute and chronic human brain diseases are scourges for the elderly. Besides the lack of therapies, these ailments share a neuroinflammation that is triggered/sustained by different innate immunity-related protein oligomers called inflammasomes. Relevant neuroinflammation players such as microglia/monocytes typically exhibit a strong NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence the idea that NLRP3 suppression might solve neurodegenerative ailments. Here we review the recent Literature about this topic. First, we update conditions and mechanisms, including RNAs, extracellular vesicles/exosomes, endogenous compounds, and ethnic/pharmacological agents/extracts regulating NLRP3 function. Second, we pinpoint NLRP3-activating mechanisms and known NLRP3 inhibition effects in acute (ischemia, stroke, hemorrhage), chronic (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, MS, ALS), and virus-induced (Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and others) human brain diseases. The available data show that (i) disease-specific divergent mechanisms activate the (mainly animal) brains NLRP3; (ii) no evidence proves that NLRP3 inhibition modifies human brain diseases (yet ad hoc trials are ongoing); and (iii) no findings exclude that concurrently activated other-than-NLRP3 inflammasomes might functionally replace the inhibited NLRP3. Finally, we highlight that among the causes of the persistent lack of therapies are the species difference problem in disease models and a preference for symptomatic over etiologic therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we posit that human neural cell-based disease models could drive etiological, pathogenetic, and therapeutic advances, including NLRP3’s and other inflammasomes’ regulation, while minimizing failure risks in candidate drug trials.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ribeiro DE, Petiz LL, Glaser T, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Andrejew R, Saab FDAR, Milanis MDS, Campos HC, Sampaio VFA, La Banca S, Longo BM, Lameu C, Tang Y, Resende RR, Ferreira ST, Ulrich H. Purinergic signaling in cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109371. [PMID: 36502867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
About 10 million new cases of dementia develop worldwide each year, of which up to 70% are attributable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to the widely known symptoms of memory loss and cognitive impairment, AD patients frequently develop non-cognitive symptoms, referred to as behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs). Sleep disorders are often associated with AD, but mood alterations, notably depression and apathy, comprise the most frequent class of BPSDs. BPSDs negatively affect the lives of AD patients and their caregivers, and have a significant impact on public health systems and the economy. Because treatments currently available for AD are not disease-modifying and mainly aim to ameliorate some of the cognitive symptoms, elucidating the mechanisms underlying mood alterations and other BPSDs in AD may reveal novel avenues for progress in AD therapy. Purinergic signaling is implicated in the pathophysiology of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as AD, depression and sleep disorders. Here, we review recent findings indicating that purinergic receptors, mainly the A1, A2A, and P2X7 subtypes, are associated with the development/progression of AD. Current evidence suggests that targeting purinergic signaling may represent a promising therapeutic approach in AD and related conditions. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Milena da Silva Milanis
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Correia Campos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sophia La Banca
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Monteiro Longo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Purinergic signaling in thyroid disease. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:221-227. [PMID: 35347568 PMCID: PMC9984614 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that thyroid hormones play pivotal roles in a wide variety of pathological and physiological events. Thyroid diseases, mainly including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer, are highly prevalent worldwide health problems and frequently associated with severe clinical manifestations. However, etiology of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer is not fully understood. Purinergic signaling accounts for a complex network of receptors and extracellular enzymes responsible for the recognition and degradation of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine. It has been established that purinergic signaling modulates pathways in a wide range of physiopathological conditions including hypertension, diabetes, hepatic diseases, psychiatric and neurodegeneration, rheumatic immune diseases, and cancer. More recently, the purinergic system is found to exist in thyroid gland and play an important role in the pathophysiology of thyroid diseases. Therefore, throughout this review, we focus on elaborating the changes in purinergic receptors, extracellular enzymes, and extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer. Profound understanding of the relationship between the purinergic signaling with thyroid diseases provides a promising research area for insights into the molecular basis of thyroid diseases and also develops new and exciting insights into the treatment of thyroid diseases, especially thyroid cancer.
Collapse
|
17
|
A Purine Derivative Containing an Organoselenium Group Protects Against Memory Impairment, Sensitivity to Nociception, Oxidative Damage, and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1214-1231. [PMID: 36427137 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of 6-((4-fluorophenyl) selanyl)-9H-purine (FSP) was tested against memory impairment and sensitivity to nociception induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) (25-35 fragment), 3 nmol/3 μl/per site in mice. Memory impairment was determined by the object recognition task (ORT) and nociception by the Von-Frey test (VFT). Aβ caused neuroinflammation with upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (in hippocampus), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, Aβ increased oxidant levels and lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but decreased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx1) expression in the hippocampus. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of FSP were demonstrated by a decrease in the expression of GFAP and NF-κB in the hippocampus, as well as a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines in both the hippocampus and cerebral cortex FSP protected against oxidative stress by decreasing oxidant levels and lipid peroxidation and by increasing HO-1 and Prdx1 expressions in the hippocampus of mice. Moreover, FSP prevented the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the hippocampus of mice induced by Aβ. In conclusion, treatment with FSP attenuated memory impairment, nociception sensitivity by decreasing oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Simões JL, Sobierai LD, Leal IF, Dos Santos MV, Coiado JV, Bagatini MD. Action of the Purinergic and Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathways on Oxidative Stress in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Neuroscience 2023; 512:110-132. [PMID: 36526078 PMCID: PMC9746135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has affected more than 20 million people in Brazil and caused a global health emergency. This virus has the potential to affect various parts of the body and compromise metabolic functions. The virus-mediated neural inflammation of the nervous system is due to a storm of cytokines and oxidative stress, which are the clinical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This neurodegenerative disease is aggravated in cases involving SARS-CoV-2 and its inflammatory biomarkers, accelerating accumulation of β-amyloid peptide, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and production of reactive oxygen species, which lead to homeostasis imbalance. The cholinergic system, through neurons and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), modulates various physiological pathways, such as the response to stress, sleep and wakefulness, sensory information, and the cognitive system. Patients with AD have low concentrations of ACh; hence, therapeutic methods are aimed at adjusting the ACh titers available to the body for maintaining functionality. Herein, we focused on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, responsible for the degradation of ACh in the synaptic cleft, and muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonists of the cholinergic system owing to the therapeutic potential of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in AD associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia L.B. Simões
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Inayá F. Leal
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - João Victor Coiado
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete D. Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blocking P2RX7 Attenuates Ferroptosis in Endothelium and Reduces HG-induced Hemorrhagic Transformation After MCAO by Inhibiting ERK1/2 and P53 Signaling Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:460-479. [PMID: 36282438 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for poor prognosis after acute ischemic stroke and promote the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). The activation of P2RX7 play an important role in endotheliocyte damage and BBB disruption. Ferroptosis is a novel pattern of programmed cell death caused by the accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid peroxidation, resulting in ROS production and cell death. This study is to explore the mechanism of P2RX7 in reducing HT pathogenesis after acute ischemic stroke through regulating endotheliocyte ferroptosis. Male SD rats were performed to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model injected with 50% high glucose (HG) and HUVECs were subjected to OGD/R treated with high glucose (30 mM) for establishing HT model in vivo and in vitro. P2RX7 inhibitor (BBG), and P2RX7 small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to investigate the role of P2RX7 in BBB after MCAO in vivo and OGD/R in vitro, respectively. The neurological deficits, infarct volume, degree of intracranial hemorrhage, integrity of the BBB, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence were evaluated at 24 h after MCAO. Our study found that the level of P2RX7 was gradually increased after MCAO and/or treated with HG. Our results showed that treatment with HG after MCAO can aggravate neurological deficits, infarct volume, oxidative stress, iron accumulation, and BBB injury in HT model, and HG-induced HUVECs damage. The inhibition of P2RX7 reversed the damage effect of HG, significantly downregulated the expression level of P53, HO-1, and p-ERK1/2 and upregulated the level of SLC7A11 and GPX4, which implicated that P2RX7 inhibition could attenuate oxidative stress and ferroptosis of endothelium in vivo and in vitro. Our data provided evidence that the P2RX7 play an important role in HG-associated oxidative stress, endothelial damage, and BBB disruption, which regulates HG-induced HT by ERK1/2 and P53 signaling pathways after MCAO.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gómez-Pinedo U, Torre-Fuentes L, Matías-Guiu JA, Pytel V, Ojeda-Hernández DD, Selma-Calvo B, Montero-Escribano P, Vidorreta-Ballesteros L, Matías-Guiu J. Exonic variants of the P2RX7 gene in familial multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2022:S2173-5808(22)00189-4. [PMID: 36470550 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have analysed the presence of P2RX7 variants in patients with MS, reporting diverging results. METHODS Our study analyses P2RX7 variants detected through whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS We analysed P2RX7, P2RX4, and CAMKK2 gene variants detected by whole-exome sequencing in all living members (n = 127) of 21 families including at least 2 individuals with multiple sclerosis. P2RX7 gene polymorphisms previously associated with autoimmune disease. Although no differences were observed between individuals with and without multiple sclerosis, we found greater polymorphism of gain-of-function variants of P2RX7 in families with individuals with multiple sclerosis than in the general population. Copresence of gain-of-function and loss-of-function variants was not observed to reduce the risk of presenting the disease. Three families displayed heterozygous gain-of-function SNPs in patients with multiple sclerosis but not in healthy individuals. We were unable to determine the impact of copresence of P2RX4 and CAMKK2 variants with P2RX7 variants, or the potential effect of the different haplotypes described in the gene. No clinical correlations with other autoimmune diseases were observed in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that the disease is polygenic and point to a previously unknown mechanism of genetic predisposition to familial forms of multiple sclerosis. P2RX7 gene activity can be modified, which suggests the possibility of preventive pharmacological treatments for families including patients with familial multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Torre-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pytel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D D Ojeda-Hernández
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Selma-Calvo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Montero-Escribano
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Vidorreta-Ballesteros
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
P2X7 Receptor and Purinergic Signaling: Orchestrating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. eNeuro 2022; 9:9/6/ENEURO.0092-22.2022. [PMID: 36376084 PMCID: PMC9665882 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0092-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the basic hallmarks of cellular pathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Since the metabolic activity of neurons is highly dependent on energy supply, nerve cells are especially vulnerable to impaired mitochondrial function. Besides providing oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are also involved in controlling levels of second messengers such as Ca2+ ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the critical role of mitochondria as producers of ROS is closely related to P2XR purinergic receptors, the activity of which is modulated by free radicals. Here, we review the relationships between the purinergic signaling system and affected mitochondrial function. Purinergic signaling regulates numerous vital biological processes in the CNS. The two main purines, ATP and adenosine, act as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, respectively. Current evidence suggests that purinergic signaling best explains how neuronal activity is related to neuronal electrical activity and energy homeostasis, especially in the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the involvement of the P2RX7 purinoreceptor in triggering mitochondrial dysfunction during the development of neurodegenerative disorders. We also summarize various avenues by which the purine signaling pathway may trigger metabolic dysfunction contributing to neuronal death and the inflammatory activation of glial cells. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the purinergic system in the search for new therapeutic approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
22
|
Alterations of the Sympathoadrenal Axis Related to the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease in the 3xTg Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040511. [PMID: 35453710 PMCID: PMC9027376 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is becoming a global health problem and public health priority. In the advanced stages of AD, besides the initial cognitive symptoms, behavioral problems, particularly agitation and aggressiveness, become prevalent in AD patients. These non-cognitive symptoms could be related to alterations in the regulatory mechanism of the sympathetic nervous system. In this study, we used chromaffin cells (CCs) isolated from the adrenal gland of 3xTg (an AD mouse model) mice to characterize potential alterations in the regulation of the responses to stress mediated by the secretion of catecholamines. We compared these regulatory mechanisms in mice at two different ages: in 2-month-old mice, where no AD symptoms were observed, and in mice over 12 months of age, when AD-related cognitive impairment related was fully established. We found that the modulation of neurotransmitter release was stronger in CCs isolated from the adrenal medulla of 3xTg mice older than 12 months of age, an effect likely related to disease progression as it was not observed in CCs from age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. This enhanced modulation leads to an increased catecholamine release in response to stressful situations, which may explain the non-cognitive behavioral problems found in AD patients. Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is becoming a global health problem and public health priority. In the advanced stages of AD, besides the initial cognitive symptoms, behavioral problems, particularly agitation and aggressiveness, become prevalent in AD patients. These non-cognitive symptoms could be related to a noradrenergic overactivation. In this study, we used chromaffin cells (CCs) isolated from the adrenal gland of 3xTg AD model mice to characterize potential alterations in the autocrine-paracrine modulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), which in turn serve to regulate the release of catecholamines. We used mice at the presymptomatic stage (2 months) and mice over 12 months of age, when AD-related cognitive impairment was fully established. We found that the modulation of inward currents through VDCCs induced by extracellular ATP was stronger in CCs isolated from the adrenal medulla of 3xTg mice older than 12 months of age, an effect likely related to disease progression as it was not observed in CCs from age-matched WT mice. This enhanced modulation leads to increased catecholamine release in response to stressful situations, which may explain the non-cognitive behavioral problems found in AD patients.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jian JM, Fan DY, Cheng Y, Shen YY, Chen DW, Li HY, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zeng GH, Tan CR, Liu YH, Wang YJ. Circulating Naturally Occurring Antibodies to P2RY2 Are Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:711-719. [PMID: 35342089 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The G protein-coupled receptor P2RY2 protein of the purinergic receptor family is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Naturally occurring antibodies against P2RY2 (NAbs-P2RY2) are present in human plasma, with their clinical relevance in AD patients unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the alteration of NAbs-P2RY2 in AD patients and its correlations with biomarkers and cognition of AD. METHODS The levels of naturally occurring antibodies against the four extracellular domains of P2RY2 (NAbs-P2RY2-1, NAbs-P2RY2-2, NAbs-P2RY2-3, and NAbs-P2RY2-4) were measured in the plasma of 55 AD patients, 28 non-AD dementia patients, and 70 cognitively normal participants. The correlations of autoantibody levels with cognitive scale scores, AD plasma biomarkers, and brain amyloid burden were examined. RESULTS NAbs-P2RY2-1, NAbs-P2RY2-3, and NAbs-P2RY2-4 were reduced in AD patients. Plasma levels of NAbs-P2RY2-2 and NAbs-P2RY2-3 levels were positively associated with cognitive and functional performances. Among these antibodies, plasma NAbs-P2RY2-2 levels were positively associated with plasma amyloid-β 42 levels. Plasma, while plasma NAbs-P2RY2-3 levels were negatively associated with brain amyloid burden in AD patients. CONCLUSION These findings indicate an alteration of humoral immunity against P2RY2 in AD patients. Further mechanistical investigations are needed to reveal the role of NAbs-P2RY2 in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ming Jian
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Wan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Yun Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Tan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Castillo C, Saez-Orellana F, Godoy PA, Fuentealba J. Microglial Activation Modulated by P2X4R in Ischemia and Repercussions in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814999. [PMID: 35283778 PMCID: PMC8904919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 80 million people currently living who have had a stroke. The ischemic injury in the brain starts a cascade of events that lead to neuronal death, inducing neurodegeneration which could lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebrovascular diseases have been suggested to contribute to AD neuropathological changes, including brain atrophy and accumulation of abnormal proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ). In patients older than 60 years, the incidence of dementia a year after stroke was significantly increased. Nevertheless, the molecular links between stroke and dementia are not clearly understood but could be related to neuroinflammation. Considering that activated microglia has a central role, there are brain-resident innate immune cells and are about 10-15% of glial cells in the adult brain. Their phagocytic activity is essential for synaptic homeostasis in different areas, such as the hippocampus. These cells polarize into phenotypes or subtypes: the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, or the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. Phenotype M1 is induced by classical activation, where microglia secrete a high level of pro- inflammatory factors which can cause damage to the surrounding neuronal cells. Otherwise, M2 phenotype is the major effector cell with the potential to counteract pro-inflammatory reactions and promote repair genes expression. Moreover, after the classical activation, an anti-inflammatory and a repair phase are initiated to achieve tissue homeostasis. Recently it has been described the concepts of homeostatic and reactive microglia and they had been related to major AD risk, linking to a multifunctional microglial response to Aβ plaques and pathophysiology markers related, such as intracellular increased calcium. The upregulation and increased activity of purinergic receptors activated by ADP/ATP, specially P2X4R, which has a high permeability to calcium and is mainly expressed in microglial cells, is observed in diseases related to neuroinflammation, such as neuropathic pain and stroke. Thus, P2X4R is associated with microglial activation. P2X4R activation drives microglia motility via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Also, these receptors are involved in inflammatory-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and induce a secretion and increase the expression of BDNF and TNF-α which could be a link between pathologies related to aging and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castillo
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Saez-Orellana
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Andrea Godoy
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Glial Purinergic Signaling-Mediated Oxidative Stress (GPOS) in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1075440. [PMID: 35281471 PMCID: PMC8916856 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1075440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the progression of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, and autism. However, whether glial purinergic signaling interaction with oxidative/antioxidative system displays an important role in neuropsychiatric disorders is still unclear. In this review, we firstly summarize the oxidative/antioxidative pathways shared in different glial cells and highlight the cell type-specific difference in response to OS. Then, we collect the evidence showing the regulation of purinergic signaling in OS with an emphasis on adenosine and its receptors, P2Y1 receptor in the P2Y family and P2X7receptor in the P2X family. Available data shows that the activation of P1 receptors and P2X accelerates the OS; reversely, the activation of the P2Y family (P2Y1) causes protective effect against OS. Finally, we discuss current findings demonstrating the contribution of the purinergic signaling system to neuropsychiatric disorders and point out the potential role of OS in this process to propose a “glial purinergic-oxidative stress” (“GPOS”) hypothesis for future development of therapeutic strategies against a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
26
|
Taheri F, Taghizadeh E, Navashenaq JG, Rezaee M, Gheibihayat SM. The role of efferocytosis in neuro-degenerative diseases. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1593-1603. [PMID: 35059903 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Efferocytosis has a critical role in maintaining tissues and organs' homeostasis by removing apoptotic cells. It is essential for human health, and disturbances in efferocytosis may result indifferent illnesses. In case of inadequate clearance of the dead cells, the content in the cells would be released. In fact, it induces some damages to the tissue and leads to the prolonged inflammation, so unsuitable phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells is involved in occurrence as well as expansion of numerous human chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown age dependence of the neuro-degenerative diseases, which are largely due to the neuro-inflammation and the loss of neurons and thus cause the brain's functional disorders. Efferocytosis is coupled to anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to the elimination of the dying neurons in neuro-degenerative diseases, so its disruption may make a risk factor in numerous human chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, glioblastoma, and Rett syndrome. This study is a review of the efferocytosis molecular pathways and their role in neuro-degenerative diseases in order to discover a new treatment option to cure patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taheri
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8915173143, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jin S, Wang X, Xiang X, Wu Y, Hu J, Li Y, Lin Dong Y, Tan Y, Wu X. Inhibition of GPR17 with cangrelor improves cognitive impairment and synaptic deficits induced by Aβ 1-42 through Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108335. [PMID: 34781121 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain is thought to be associated with cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current methods to combat Aβ neurotoxicity are still lacking. G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) has become a target for treating inflammation in brain diseases, but it is unclear whether it has a role in AD. Here, we investigated the effects of cangrelor, a GPR17 antagonist, on neurotoxicity and memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ1-42 in mice. The behavior results showed that cangrelor (2.0 or 4.0 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) treatment reversed the deficits in memory and learning ability induced by Aβ1-42 in mice. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that GPR17 expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex is increased in response to Aβ1-42 exposures. We also found that cangrelor treatment reduced the activity of β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and the levels of soluble Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Meanwhile, cangrelor treatment suppressed oxidative stress induced by Aβ1-42, as proved by reduced production of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and promoted the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Furthermore, cangrelor also suppressed Aβ1-42-induced neuroinflammation, characterized by suppressed activation of microglia, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, as well as ameliorated synaptic deficits by promoting the upregulation of synaptic proteins, and increasing the number of Golgi-Cox stained dendritic spines. These results suggest that cangrelor may reverse Aβ1-42-induced cognition deficits via inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction mediated by Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShiYu Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- West Anhui Health Vocational College, Luan 237000, China
| | - XiaoTong Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - YuMei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - YueYue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yue Lin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - YueQiang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kumar S, Kumar P. The Beneficial Effect of Rice Bran Extract Against Rotenone-Induced Experimental Parkinson's Disease in Rats. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:428-438. [PMID: 33573588 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210126113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases have become an increasing cause of various disabilities worldwide, followed by aging, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson's disease is a degenerative brain disorder distinguished by growing motor & non-motor failure due to the degeneration of medium-sized spiked neurons in the striatum region. Rotenone is often employed to originate the animal model of PD. It is a powerful blocker of mitochondrial complex-I, mitochondrial electron transport chain that reliably produces Parkinsonism-like symptoms in rats. Rice bran (RB) is very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and nutritionally beneficial compounds, such as γ-oryzanol, tocopherols, and tocotrienols and sterols are believed to have favorable outcomes on oxidative stress & mitochondrial function. OBJECTIVE The present study has been designed to explore RB extract's effect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rats. METHODS In the present study, Rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) was administered systemically for 28 days. The hexane extract of RB was prepared using Soxhlation. Hexane extract (250 & 500 mg/kg) was administered per oral for 28 days in rotenone-treated groups. Behavioral parameters (grip strength, motor coordination, locomotion, and catalepsy) were conducted on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day. Animals were sacrificed on the 29th day for biochemical estimation in the striatum and cortex. RESULTS This study demonstrates significant alteration in behavioral parameters, oxidative burden (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, and decreased glutathione, catalase, SOD) in rotenone-treated animals. Administration of hexane extract of RB prevented the behavioral, biochemical alterations induced by rotenone. The current research has been sketched to inspect RB extract's effect against rotenone-developed neurotoxicity in rats. CONCLUSION The findings support that PD is associated with impairments in motor activity. The results also suggest that the nutraceutical rice bran that contains γ-oryzanol, Vitamin-E, ferulic acid etc., may underlie the adjuvant susceptibility towards rotenone-induced PD in experimental rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nishi H, Niyonsaba F, Pelleg A, Schulman ES. Enhancement of Mast Cell Degranulation Mediated by Purinergic Receptors' Activation and PI3K Type δ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1001-1008. [PMID: 34330752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells express multiple metabotropic purinergic P2Y receptor (P2YR) subtypes. Few studies have evaluated their role in human mast cell (HMC) allergic response as quantified by degranulation induced by cross-linking the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). We have previously shown that extracellular nucleotides modify the FcεRI activation-dependent degranulation in HMCs derived from human lungs, but the mechanism of this action has not been fully delineated. This study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of activation of P2YRs on the degranulation of HMCs and elucidate the specific postreceptor pathways involved. Sensitized LAD2 cells, a human-derived mast cell line, were subjected to a weak allergic stimulation (WAS) using a low concentration of Ag in the absence and presence of P2YR agonists. Only the metabotropic purinergic P2Y11 receptor (P2Y11R) agonist, adenosine 5'-(3-thio)triphosphate (ATPγS), enhanced WAS-induced degranulation resulting in a net 7-fold increase in release (n = 4; p < 0.01). None of the P2YR agonists tested, including high concentrations of ATPγS (1000 μM), enhanced WAS-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, an essential component of activated FcεRI-induced degranulation. Both a PI3K inhibitor and the relevant gene knockout decreased the ATPγS-induced enhancement. The effect of ATPγS was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of PI3K type δ and protein kinase B, but not the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. The effects of ATPγS were dose dependently inhibited by NF157, a P2Y11R antagonist. To our knowledge, these data indicate for the first time that P2YR is linked to enhancement of allergic degranulation in HMC via the PI3K/protein kinase B pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - François Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amir Pelleg
- Danmir Therapeutics, LLC, Haverford, PA; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zarrinmayeh H, Territo PR. Purinergic Receptors of the Central Nervous System: Biology, PET Ligands, and Their Applications. Mol Imaging 2021; 19:1536012120927609. [PMID: 32539522 PMCID: PMC7297484 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120927609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors play important roles in central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are involved in cellular neuroinflammatory responses that regulate functions of neurons, microglial and astrocytes. Based on their endogenous ligands, purinergic receptors are classified into P1 or adenosine, P2X and P2Y receptors. During brain injury or under pathological conditions, rapid diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or uridine triphosphate (UTP) from the damaged cells, promote microglial activation that result in the changes in expression of several of these receptors in the brain. Imaging of the purinergic receptors with selective Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands has advanced our understanding of the functional roles of some of these receptors in healthy and diseased brains. In this review, we have accumulated a list of currently available PET radioligands of the purinergic receptors that are used to elucidate the receptor functions and participations in CNS disorders. We have also reviewed receptors lacking radiotracer, laying the foundation for future discoveries of novel PET radioligands to reveal these receptors roles in CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Zarrinmayeh
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul R Territo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Castillo CA, Ballesteros-Yáñez I, León-Navarro DA, Albasanz JL, Martín M. Early Effects of the Soluble Amyloid β 25-35 Peptide in Rat Cortical Neurons: Modulation of Signal Transduction Mediated by Adenosine and Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126577. [PMID: 34205261 PMCID: PMC8234864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is a central player in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The alteration of Aβ homeostasis may impact the fine-tuning of cell signaling from the very beginning of the disease, when amyloid plaque is not deposited yet. For this reason, primary culture of rat cortical neurons was exposed to Aβ25-35, a non-oligomerizable form of Aβ. Cell viability, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) and adenosine receptors (AR) expression and signalling were assessed. Aβ25-35 increased mGluR density and affinity, mainly due to a higher gene expression and protein presence of Group I mGluR (mGluR1 and mGluR5) in the membrane of cortical neurons. Intriguingly, the main effector of group I mGluR, the phospholipase C β1 isoform, was less responsive. Also, the inhibitory action of group II and group III mGluR on adenylate cyclase (AC) activity was unaltered or increased, respectively. Interestingly, pre-treatment of cortical neurons with an antagonist of group I mGluR reduced the Aβ25-35-induced cell death. Besides, Aβ25-35 increased the density of A1R and A2AR, along with an increase in their gene expression. However, while A1R-mediated AC inhibition was increased, the A2AR-mediated stimulation of AC remained unchanged. Therefore, one of the early events that takes place after Aβ25-35 exposure is the up-regulation of adenosine A1R, A2AR, and group I mGluR, and the different impacts on their corresponding signaling pathways. These results emphasize the importance of deciphering the early events and the possible involvement of metabotropic glutamate and adenosine receptors in AD physiopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Castillo
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Physiotherapy and Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (I.B.-Y.); (D.A.L.-N.); (M.M.)
| | - Inmaculada Ballesteros-Yáñez
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (I.B.-Y.); (D.A.L.-N.); (M.M.)
- Department of Inorganic, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Organic and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Agustín León-Navarro
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (I.B.-Y.); (D.A.L.-N.); (M.M.)
- Department of Inorganic, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Organic and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Luis Albasanz
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (I.B.-Y.); (D.A.L.-N.); (M.M.)
- Department of Inorganic, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Organic and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Mairena Martín
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (I.B.-Y.); (D.A.L.-N.); (M.M.)
- Department of Inorganic, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Organic and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baumel BS, Doraiswamy PM, Sabbagh M, Wurtman R. Potential Neuroregenerative and Neuroprotective Effects of Uridine/Choline-Enriched Multinutrient Dietary Intervention for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Narrative Review. Neurol Ther 2021; 10:43-60. [PMID: 33368017 PMCID: PMC8139993 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-020-00227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer disease (AD), also known as prodromal AD, there is evidence for a pathologic shortage of uridine, choline, and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), which are key nutrients needed by the brain. Preclinical and clinical evidence shows the importance of nutrient bioavailability to support the development and maintenance of brain structure and function in MCI and AD. Availability of key nutrients is limited in MCI, creating a distinct nutritional need for uridine, choline, and DHA. Evidence suggests that metabolic derangements associated with ageing and disease-related pathology can affect the body's ability to generate and utilize nutrients. This is reflected in lower levels of nutrients measured in the plasma and brains of individuals with MCI and AD dementia, and progressive loss of cognitive performance. The uridine shortage cannot be corrected by normal diet, making uridine a conditionally essential nutrient in affected individuals. It is also challenging to correct the choline shortfall through diet alone, because brain uptake from the plasma significantly decreases with ageing. There is no strong evidence to support the use of single-agent supplements in the management of MCI due to AD. As uridine and choline work synergistically with DHA to increase phosphatidylcholine formation, there is a compelling rationale to combine these nutrients. A multinutrient enriched with uridine, choline, and DHA developed to support brain function has been evaluated in randomized controlled trials covering a spectrum of dementia from MCI to moderate AD. A randomized controlled trial in subjects with prodromal AD showed that multinutrient intervention slowed brain atrophy and improved some measures of cognition. Based on the available clinical evidence, nutritional intervention should be considered as a part of the approach to the management of individuals with MCI due to AD, including adherence to a healthy, balanced diet, and consideration of evidence-based multinutrient supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry S Baumel
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marwan Sabbagh
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Richard Wurtman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Y, Qian L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yu W, Zhao Y. CircRNA-ceRNA Network Revealing the Potential Regulatory Roles of CircRNA in Alzheimer's Disease Involved the cGMP-PKG Signal Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665788. [PMID: 34093124 PMCID: PMC8176118 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. The characteristic pathologies include extracellular senile plaques formed by β-amyloid protein deposition, neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and neuronal loss with glial cell hyperplasia. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are rich in miRNA-binding sites (miRNA response elements, MREs), which serve as miRNA sponges or competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Although several research groups have identified dysregulated circRNAs in the cerebral cortex of SAMP8 mice or APP/PS1 mice using deep RNA-seq analysis, we need to further explore circRNA expression patterns, targets, functions and the signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD and in particular the hippocampal circRNA expression profiles in AD. Methods: We used deep RNA sequencing to investigate circRNA-ceRNA network patterns in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Results: In our study, 70 dysregulated circRNAs, 39 dysregulated miRNAs and 121 dysregulated mRNAs were identified between the APP/PS1 group and the wild-type group at 8 months in the hippocampus of the mice. Through correlation analysis, we identified 11 dysregulated circRNAs, 7 dysregulated miRNAs and 8 dysregulated mRNAs forming 16 relationships in the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the dysregulated circRNAs were most enriched in biological metabolic processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the dysregulation of circRNAs was enriched in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, platelet activation, long-term potentiation and axon guidance. In addition, our findings preliminarily verified that the novel_circ_0003012/mmu-miR-298-3p/Smoc2 signaling axis may regulate the pathophysiology of AD by affecting the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Conclusions: These newly identified circRNAs in networks and signaling pathways reveal potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Qian
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School for Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Merighi S, Poloni TE, Terrazzan A, Moretti E, Gessi S, Ferrari D. Alzheimer and Purinergic Signaling: Just a Matter of Inflammation? Cells 2021; 10:cells10051267. [PMID: 34065393 PMCID: PMC8161210 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative pathology responsible for about 70% of all cases of dementia. Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that affects neurodegeneration by activating four membrane G protein-coupled receptor subtypes, namely P1 receptors. One of them, the A2A subtype, is particularly expressed in the brain at the striatal and hippocampal levels and appears as the most promising target to counteract neurological damage and adenosine-dependent neuroinflammation. Extracellular nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, etc.) are also released from the cell or are synthesized extracellularly. They activate P2X and P2Y membrane receptors, eliciting a variety of physiological but also pathological responses. Among the latter, the chronic inflammation underlying AD is mainly caused by the P2X7 receptor subtype. In this review we offer an overview of the scientific evidence linking P1 and P2 mediated purinergic signaling to AD development. We will also discuss potential strategies to exploit this knowledge for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation & ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eva Moretti
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (A.T.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gaff J, Jackaman C, Papadimitriou J, Waters S, McLean C, Price P. Immunohistochemical evidence of P2X7R, P2X4R and CaMKK2 in pyramidal neurons of frontal cortex does not align with Alzheimer's disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 120:104636. [PMID: 33838119 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative condition resulting in progressive cognitive decline. Pathological features include Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation and neuronal death. Purinergic receptors 7 and 4 (P2X7R and P2X4R) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) are implicated in neuronal death. We used immunohistochemistry to investigate the distribution of these proteins in neurones from frontal cortex of donors (n = 3/group; aged 79-83 years) who died with and without AD. Neurones were identified morphologically and immunoperoxidase staining was achieved using commercial antibodies. Immunoreactive neurones were counted for each protein by 2-3 raters blinded to the diagnoses. We observed no differences in percentages of P2X7R, P2X4R or CaMKK2 positive neurones (p = 0.2-0.99), but sections from individuals with AD had marginally fewer neurones (p = 0.10). Hence P2X7R, P2X4R or CaMKK2 appear to be expressed in neurones from older donors, but expression does not associate with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gaff
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia
| | - John Papadimitriou
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Australia; Pathwest Laboratories, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shelley Waters
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Brain Bank, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Merighi S, Poloni TE, Pelloni L, Pasquini S, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Gessi S. An Open Question: Is the A 2A Adenosine Receptor a Novel Target for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652455. [PMID: 33828485 PMCID: PMC8019913 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation and ASP Golgi-Redaelli, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Lucia Pelloni
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Purinergic signaling in nervous system health and disease: Focus on pannexin 1. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107840. [PMID: 33753132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling encompasses the cycle of adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) release and its metabolism into nucleotide and nucleoside derivatives, the direct release of nucleosides, and subsequent receptor-triggered downstream intracellular pathways. Since the discovery of nerve terminal and glial ATP release into the neuropil, purinergic signaling has been implicated in the modulation of nervous system development, function, and disease. In this review, we detail our current understanding of the roles of the pannexin 1 (PANX1) ATP-release channel in neuronal development and plasticity, glial signaling, and neuron-glial-immune interactions. We additionally provide an overview of PANX1 structure, activation, and permeability to orientate readers and highlight recent research developments. We identify areas of convergence between PANX1 and purinergic receptor actions. Additional highlights include data on PANX1's participation in the pathophysiology of nervous system developmental, degenerative, and inflammatory disorders. Our aim in combining this knowledge is to facilitate the movement of our current understanding of PANX1 in the context of other nervous system purinergic signaling mechanisms one step closer to clinical translation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lai TH, Schröder S, Toussaint M, Dukić-Stefanović S, Kranz M, Ludwig FA, Fischer S, Steinbach J, Deuther-Conrad W, Brust P, Moldovan RP. Development of 18F-Labeled Radiotracers for PET Imaging of the Adenosine A 2A Receptor: Synthesis, Radiolabeling and Preliminary Biological Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052285. [PMID: 33669003 PMCID: PMC7956753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) represents a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Aiming at the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer to monitor changes of receptor density and/or occupancy during the A2AR-tailored therapy, we designed a library of fluorinated analogs based on a recently published lead compound (PPY). Among those, the highly affine 4-fluorobenzyl derivate (PPY1; Ki(hA2AR) = 5.3 nM) and the 2-fluorobenzyl derivate (PPY2; Ki(hA2AR) = 2.1 nM) were chosen for 18F-labeling via an alcohol-enhanced copper-mediated procedure starting from the corresponding boronic acid pinacol ester precursors. Investigations of the metabolic stability of [18F]PPY1 and [18F]PPY2 in CD-1 mice by radio-HPLC analysis revealed parent fractions of more than 76% of total activity in the brain. Specific binding of [18F]PPY2 on mice brain slices was demonstrated by in vitro autoradiography. In vivo PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in CD-1 mice revealed a reasonable high initial brain uptake for both radiotracers, followed by a fast clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hang Lai
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.H.L.); (R.-P.M.); Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4635 (T.H.L.); +49-341-234-179-4634 (R.-P.M.)
| | - Susann Schröder
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- PET Imaging Center, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), 9009 Tromsø, Norway
- Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology Research Group, The Arctic University of Norway, 9009 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Department of Research and Development, ROTOP Pharmaka Ltd., Dresden 01328, Germany;
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
| | - Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (M.T.); (S.D.-S.); (M.K.); (F.-A.L.); (S.F.); (J.S.); (W.D.-C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.L.); (R.-P.M.); Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4635 (T.H.L.); +49-341-234-179-4634 (R.-P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Das R, Chinnathambi S. Microglial remodeling of actin network by Tau oligomers, via G protein-coupled purinergic receptor, P2Y12R-driven chemotaxis. Traffic 2021; 22:153-170. [PMID: 33527700 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with age-related neurodegeneration, synaptic deformation and chronic inflammation mediated by microglia and infiltrated macrophages in the brain. Tau oligomers can be released from damaged neurons via various mechanisms such as exosomes, neurotransmitter, membrane leakage etc. Microglia sense the extracellular Tau through several cell-surface receptors and mediate chemotaxis and phagocytosis. The purinergic receptor P2Y12R recently gained interest in neurodegeneration for neuro-glial communication and microglial chemotaxis towards the site of plaque deposition. To understand the effect of extracellular Tau oligomers in microglial migration, the P2Y12R-mediated actin remodeling, reorientation of tubulin network and rate of migration were studied in the presence of ATP. The extracellular Tau species directly interacted with P2Y12R and also induced this purinoceptor expression in microglia. Microglial P2Y12R colocalized with remodeled membrane-associated actin network as a component of migration in response to Tau oligomers. As an inducer of P2Y12R, ATP facilitated the localization of P2Y12R in lamellipodia and filopodia during accelerated microglial migration. The direct interaction of extracellular Tau oligomers with microglial P2Y12R would facilitate the signal transduction in both way, directional chemotaxis and receptor-mediated phagocytosis. These unprecedented findings emphasize that microglia can modulate the membrane-associated actin structure and incorporate P2Y12R to perceive the axis and rate of chemotaxis in Tauopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Potential of Caffeine in Alzheimer's Disease-A Review of Experimental Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020537. [PMID: 33562156 PMCID: PMC7915779 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Considering that pharmacological treatment options for AD are few and not satisfactory, increasing attention is being paid to dietary components that may affect the development of the disease. Such a dietary component may be caffeine contained in coffee, tea or energy drinks. Although epidemiological data suggest that caffeine intake may counteract the development of cognitive impairment, results of those studies are not conclusive. The aim of the present study is to review the existing experimental studies on the efficacy of caffeine against AD and AD-related cognitive impairment, focusing on the proposed protective mechanisms of action. In conclusion, the reports of studies on experimental AD models generally supported the notion that caffeine may exert some beneficial effects in AD. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of caffeine in the effects of its sources on cognition and possibly AD risk.
Collapse
|
41
|
Forcaia G, Formicola B, Terribile G, Negri S, Lim D, Biella G, Re F, Moccia F, Sancini G. Multifunctional Liposomes Modulate Purinergic Receptor-Induced Calcium Wave in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Astrocytes: New Insights for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2824-2835. [PMID: 33511502 PMCID: PMC8128821 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In light of previous results, we assessed whether liposomes functionalized with ApoE-derived peptide (mApoE) and phosphatidic acid (PA) (mApoE-PA-LIP) impacted on intracellular calcium (Ca2+) dynamics in cultured human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), as an in vitro human blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, and in cultured astrocytes. mApoE-PA-LIP pre-treatment actively increased both the duration and the area under the curve (A.U.C) of the ATP-evoked Ca2+ waves in cultured hCMEC/D3 cells as well as in cultured astrocytes. mApoE-PA-LIP increased the ATP-evoked intracellular Ca2+ waves even under 0 [Ca2+]e conditions, thus indicating that the increased intracellular Ca2+ response to ATP is mainly due to endogenous Ca2+ release. Indeed, when Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity was blocked by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), the extracellular application of ATP failed to trigger any intracellular Ca2+ waves, indicating that metabotropic purinergic receptors (P2Y) are mainly involved in the mApoE-PA-LIP-induced increase of the Ca2+ wave triggered by ATP. In conclusion, mApoE-PA-LIP modulate intracellular Ca2+ dynamics evoked by ATP when SERCA is active through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent (InsP3) endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. Considering that P2Y receptors represent important pharmacological targets to treat cognitive dysfunctions, and that P2Y receptors have neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammatory processes, the enhancement of purinergic signaling provided by mApoE-PA-LIP could counteract Aβ-induced vasoconstriction and reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF). Our obtained results could give an additional support to promote mApoE-PA-LIP as effective therapeutic tool for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Forcaia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Beatrice Formicola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Giulia Terribile
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio, 6-28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.,Nanomedicine Center, Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Sancini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy. .,Nanomedicine Center, Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fudalej E, Justyniarska M, Kasarełło K, Dziedziak J, Szaflik JP, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Neuroprotective Factors of the Retina and Their Role in Promoting Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells: A Review. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:345-355. [PMID: 33454713 DOI: 10.1159/000514441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) play a crucial role in the visual pathway. As their axons form the optic nerve, apoptosis of these cells causes neurodegenerative vision loss. RGC death could be triggered by increased intraocular pressure, advanced glycation end products, or mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the role of some neuroprotective factors in RGC injury: ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, pigment epithelium-derived factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and Norrin. Each, in their own unique way, prevents RGC damage caused by glaucoma, ocular hypertension, ischemic neuropathy, and even oxygen-induced retinopathy. These factors are produced mainly by neurons, leukocytes, glial cells, and epithelial cells. Neuroprotective factors act via various signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, MAPK, TrkA, and TrkB, which promotes RGC survival. Many attempts have been made to develop therapeutic strategies using these factors. There are ongoing clinical trials with CNTF and NGF, but they have not yet been accepted for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Fudalej
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Justyniarska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kaja Kasarełło
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,
| | - Jacek Dziedziak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Deng H, Zhang Y, Li GG, Yu HH, Bai S, Guo GY, Guo WL, Ma Y, Wang JH, Liu N, Pan C, Tang ZP. P2X7 receptor activation aggravates NADPH oxidase 2-induced oxidative stress after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1582-1591. [PMID: 33433488 PMCID: PMC8323669 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial pathological process that contributes to secondary injury following intracerebral hemorrhage. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which is activated by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular ATP, plays an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress in the central nervous system, although the effects of activated P2X7R-associated oxidative stress after intracerebral hemorrhage remain unclear. Mouse models of intracerebral hemorrhage were established through the stereotactic injection of 0.075 U VII collagenase into the right basal ganglia. The results revealed that P2X7R expression peaked 24 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage, and P2X7R expressed primarily in neurons. The inhibition of P2X7R, using A438079 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and malondialdehyde generation, increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione/oxidized glutathione levels, and alleviated neurological damage, brain edema, and apoptosis after intracellular hemorrhage. The P2X7R inhibitor A438079 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) after intracerebral hemorrhage. Blocking ERK1/2 activation, using the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (2 µg, intraventricular injection), reduced the level of NOX2-mediated oxidative stress induced by P2X7R activation after intracellular hemorrhage. Similarly, the inhibition of NF-κB, using the NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 (3.5 µg, intraventricular), reduced the level of NOX2-mediated oxidative stress induced by P2X7R activation. Finally, GSK2795039 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), a NOX2 antagonist, attenuated P2X7R-mediated oxidative stress, neurological damage, and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. The results indicated that P2X7R activation aggravated NOX2-induced oxidative stress through the activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China (approval No. TJ-A20160805) on August 26, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gai-Gai Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hai-Han Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guang-Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Liang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhou-Ping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zika virus exposure affects neuron-glia communication in the hippocampal slices of adult rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21604. [PMID: 33303883 PMCID: PMC7729948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy was associated with microcephaly in neonates, but clinical and experimental evidence indicate that ZIKV also causes neurological complications in adults. However, the changes in neuron-glial communication, which is essential for brain homeostasis, are still unknown. Here, we report that hippocampal slices from adult rats exposed acutely to ZIKV showed significant cellular alterations regarding to redox homeostasis, inflammatory process, neurotrophic functions and molecular signalling pathways associated with neurons and glial cells. Our findings support the hypothesis that ZIKV is highly neurotropic and its infection readily induces an inflammatory response, characterized by an increased expression and/or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also observed changes in neural parameters, such as adenosine receptor A2a expression, as well as in the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuron-specific enolase, indicating plasticity synaptic impairment/neuronal damage. In addition, ZIKV induced a glial commitment, with alterations in specific and functional parameters such as aquaporin 4 expression, S100B secretion and glutathione synthesis. ZIKV also induced p21 senescence-associated gene expression, indicating that ZIKV may induce early senescence. Taken together, our results indicate that ZIKV-induced neuroinflammation, involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathways, affects important aspects of neuron-glia communication. Therefore, although ZIKV infection is transient, long-term consequences might be associated with neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
45
|
Song W, Tang Y, Wei L, Zhang C, Song D, Li X, Jiang S. Protective effect of CD73 inhibitor α, β-methylene ADP against amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting adenosine production in hippocampus. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
46
|
Alves VS, Leite-Aguiar R, Silva JPD, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB. Purinergic signaling in infectious diseases of the central nervous system. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:480-490. [PMID: 32717399 PMCID: PMC7378483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) has been increasing over the last several years. Among the reasons for the expansion of these diseases and the appearance of new neuropathogens are globalization, global warming, and the increased proximity between humans and wild animals due to human activities such as deforestation. Neurotropism affecting normal brain function is shared by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Neuroinfections caused by these agents activate immune responses, inducing neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and neurodegeneration. Purinergic signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway associated with these neuropathologies. During neuroinfections, host cells release ATP as an extracellular danger signal with pro-inflammatory activities. ATP is metabolized to its derivatives by ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73; ATP and its metabolites modulate neuronal and immune mechanisms through P1 and P2 purinergic receptors that are involved in pathophysiological mechanisms of neuroinfections. In this review we discuss the beneficial or deleterious effects of various components of the purinergic signaling pathway in infectious diseases that affect the CNS, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, bacterial meningitis, sepsis, cryptococcosis, toxoplasmosis, and malaria. We also provide a description of this signaling pathway in emerging viral infections with neurological implications such as Zika and SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Santos Alves
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Leite-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joyce Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Anantha J, Goulding SR, Wyatt SL, Concannon RM, Collins LM, Sullivan AM, O'Keeffe GW. STRAP and NME1 Mediate the Neurite Growth-Promoting Effects of the Neurotrophic Factor GDF5. iScience 2020; 23:101457. [PMID: 32853992 PMCID: PMC7452236 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons and their axons is central to Parkinson's disease (PD). Growth differentiation factor (GDF)5 is a potential neurotrophic factor for PD therapy. However, the molecular mediators of its neurotrophic action are unknown. Our proteomics analysis shows that GDF5 increases the expression of serine threonine receptor-associated protein kinase (STRAP) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NME)1 in the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. GDF5 overexpression increased NME1 expression in adult rat brain in vivo. NME and STRAP mRNAs are expressed in developing and adult rodent midbrain. Expression of both STRAP and NME1 is necessary and sufficient for the promotion of neurite growth in SH-SY5Y cells by GDF5. NME1 treatment increased neurite growth in both SH-SY5Y cells and cultured mDA neurons. Expression patterns of NME and STRAP are altered in PD midbrain. NME1 and STRAP are thus key mediators of GDF5's neurotrophic effects, rationalizing their future study as therapeutic targets for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanth Anantha
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan R. Goulding
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean L. Wyatt
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth M. Concannon
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise M. Collins
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M. Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, UCC, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W. O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, UCC, Cork, Ireland
- Cork Neuroscience Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Das R, Chinnathambi S. Actin-mediated Microglial Chemotaxis via G-Protein Coupled Purinergic Receptor in Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 448:325-336. [PMID: 32941933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease mainly associated with aging, oxidative stress and genetic mutations. There are two pathological proteins involved in AD; Amyloid-β peptide and microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT). The β- and γ-secretase enzyme cleaves the Amyloid precursor protein, which results in the formation of extracellular plaques in brain. While, Tau undergoes hyperphosphorylation and other post-translational modifications (PTMs), which eventually generates Tau oligomers, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in neurons. Moreover, the brain-resident glia and infiltrated macrophages elevate the level of CNS inflammation, which trigger the oxidative damage of neuronal circuits by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nitric oxide (NO). Microglia is the primary immune cell in the CNS, which is continuously surveilling the neuronal synapses and pathogen invasion. Microglia in the resting state is called 'Ramified', which possess long surveilling extensions with a small cell body. But, upon activation, microglia retracts the cellular extensions and transform into round migratory cells, called as 'Amoeboid' state. Activated microglia undergoes actin remodeling by forming lamellipodia and filopodia, which directs the migratory axis while podosomes formed are involved in extracellular matrix degradation for invasion. Protein-aggregates in malfunctioning synapses and in CNS milieu can be detected by microglia, which results in its activation and migration. Subsequently, the phagocytosis of synapses leads to the inflammatory burst and memory loss. The extracellular nucleotides released from damaged neurons and the cytokine-chemokine gradients allow the neighboring microglia and macrophages to migrate-infiltrate at the site of neuronal-damage. The ionotropic (P2XR) and metabotropic (P2YR) purinergic receptor recognize extracellular ATP/ADP, which propagates through the intracellular calcium signaling, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and inflammation. The P2Y receptors give 'find me' or 'eat me' signals to microglia to either migrate or phagocytose cellular debris. Further, the actin cytoskeleton helps microglia to mediate directed chemotaxis and neuronal repair during neurodegeneration. Hence, we aim to emphasize the connection between purinergic signaling and actin-driven mechanical movements of microglia for migration and inflammation in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Marotta G, Basagni F, Rosini M, Minarini A. Memantine Derivatives as Multitarget Agents in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174005. [PMID: 32887400 PMCID: PMC7504780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memantine (3,5-dimethyladamantan-1-amine) is an orally active, noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist approved for treatment of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a progressive cognitive decline. Unfortunately, memantine as well as the other class of drugs licensed for AD treatment acting as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), provide only symptomatic relief. Thus, the urgent need in AD drug development is for disease-modifying therapies that may require approaching targets from more than one path at once or multiple targets simultaneously. Indeed, increasing evidence suggests that the modulation of a single neurotransmitter system represents a reductive approach to face the complexity of AD. Memantine is viewed as a privileged NMDAR-directed structure, and therefore, represents the driving motif in the design of a variety of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). In this review, we present selected examples of small molecules recently designed as MTDLs to contrast AD, by combining in a single entity the amantadine core of memantine with the pharmacophoric features of known neuroprotectants, such as antioxidant agents, AChEIs and Aβ-aggregation inhibitors.
Collapse
|
50
|
Microglia Purinoceptor P2Y6: An Emerging Therapeutic Target in CNS Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071595. [PMID: 32630251 PMCID: PMC7407337 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic receptor P2Y6 is expressed in immune cells, including the microglia that are implicated in neurological disorders. Its ligand, UDP, is a signaling molecule that can serve as an “find-me” signal when released in significant quantities by damaged/dying cells. The binding of UDP by P2Y6R leads to the activation of different biochemical pathways, depending on the disease context and the pathological environment. Generally, P2Y6R stimulates phagocytosis. However, whether or not phagocytosis coincides with cell activation or the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines needs further investigation. The current review aims to discuss the various functions of P2Y6R in some CNS disorders. We present evidence that P2Y6R may have a detrimental or beneficial role in the nervous system, in the context of neurological pathologies, such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, radiation-induced brain injury, and neuropathic pain.
Collapse
|