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Leibold NS, Despa F. Neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-forming pancreatic amylin: Rationale for a mechanistic hypothesis. Biophys Chem 2024; 310:107252. [PMID: 38663120 PMCID: PMC11111340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Amylin is a systemic neuroendocrine hormone co-expressed and co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells. In persons with thype-2 diabetes, amylin forms pancreatic amyloid triggering inflammasome and interleukin-1β signaling and inducing β-cell apoptosis. Here, we summarize recent progress in understanding the potential link between amyloid-forming pancreatic amylin and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical data describing amylin pathology in AD alongside mechanistic studies in animals are reviewed. Data from multiple research teams indicate higher amylin concentrations are associated with increased frequency of cognitive impairment and amylin co-aggregates with β-amyloid in AD-type dementia. Evidence from rodent models further suggests cerebrovascular amylin accumulation as a causative factor underlying neurological deficits. Analysis of relevant literature suggests that modulating the amylin-interleukin-1β pathway may provide an approach for counteracting neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah S Leibold
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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2
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Leibold N, Bain JR, Despa F. Type-2 Diabetes, Pancreatic Amylin, and Neuronal Metabolic Remodeling in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200405. [PMID: 36708219 PMCID: PMC10374875 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes raises the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type dementia and the conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, yet mechanisms connecting type-2 diabetes to AD remain largely unknown. Amylin, a pancreatic β-cell hormone co-secreted with insulin, participates in the central regulation of satiation, but also forms pancreatic amyloid in persons with type-2 diabetes and synergistically interacts with brain amyloid β (Aβ) pathology, in both sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Growing evidence from studies of tumor growth, together with early observations in skeletal muscle, indicates amylin as a potential trigger of cellular metabolic reprogramming. Because the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain parenchyma in humans with AD have increased concentrations of amylin, amylin-mediated pathological processes in the brain may involve neuronal metabolic remodeling. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the link between prediabetic hypersecretion of amylin and risk of neuronal metabolic remodeling and AD and suggests nutritional and medical effects of food constituents that might prevent and/or ameliorate amylin-mediated neuronal metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Leibold
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James R. Bain
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- The Research Center for Healthy Metabolism, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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3
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Despa F. Bloodborne Pancreatic Amylin, A Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 19:CAR-EPUB-129561. [PMID: 36803745 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230217091540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer Disease (AD) pathology has been linked to brain accumulation of β amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tau tangles. An intriguing question is whether targeting therapeutically factors independent of Aβ and tau pathologies could delay or even stop neurodegeneration. Amylin, a pancreatic hormone co-secreted with insulin, is believed to play a role in the central regulation of satiation and was shown to form pancreatic amyloid in persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that amyloid-forming amylin secreted from the pancreas synergistically aggregates with vascular and parenchymal Aβ in the brain, in both sporadic and early-onset familial AD. Pancreatic expression of amyloid-forming human amylin in AD-model rats accelerates AD-like pathology, whereas genetically suppressed amylin secretion protects against AD effects. Thus, current data suggest a role of pancreatic amyloid-forming amylin in modifying AD; further research is required to test whether lowering circulating amylin levels early during AD pathogenesis may curb cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Despa
- University of Kentucky Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Lexington United States
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4
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Alkasabera A, Onyali CB, Anim-Koranteng C, Shah HE, Ethirajulu A, Bhawnani N, Mostafa JA. The Effect of Type-2 Diabetes on Cognitive Status and the Role of Anti-diabetes Medications. Cureus 2021; 13:e19176. [PMID: 34877187 PMCID: PMC8642129 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus prevalence is constantly increasing; this is explained by the increase of its risk factors and the amelioration of its management. Therefore, people are living longer with diabetes mellitus, which, in turn, has revealed new complications of the disease. Dementia is represented mainly by Alzheimer's disease and is an interesting topic of study. Accordingly, statistics have shown that dementia incidence is doubled in diabetic patients. The establishment of a relation between type-2 diabetes mellitus was studied on several levels in both humans and animal subjects. First, insulin receptors were found in the brain, especially the hippocampus, and insulin transport to the brain is mainly accomplished through the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, several studies showed that insulin affects multiple neurotransmitters in favor of promoting memory and cognition status. Thirdly, multiple pathological studies showed that insulin and Alzheimer's disease share many common lesions in the brain, such as beta-amyloid plaques, amylin-Aβ plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, and brain atrophy, especially in the hippocampus. After recognizing the positive effect of insulin on cognitive status, and the harmful effect of insulin resistance on cognitive status, multiple studies were focused on the role of anti-diabetes medications in fighting dementia. Consequently, these studies showed a positive impact of oral anti-diabetes medication, as well as insulin in limiting the progression of dementia and promoting cognitive status. Moreover, their effects were also noticed on limiting the pathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, we can consider type-2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this can be used on the pharmaceutical level by the promising implication of antidiabetics as a treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease or at least to limit its progression. However, multiple clinical studies should be dedicated to proving the true benefits of anti-diabetes medications in treating dementia before they can be used in reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almothana Alkasabera
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | | | - Hira E Shah
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aarthi Ethirajulu
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nitin Bhawnani
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Reza MI, Syed AA, Kumariya S, Singh P, Husain A, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin induces islet amyloid peptide aggregation in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle: An implication for type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:760-771. [PMID: 33862075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that the accumulation of misfolded aggregates of islet amyloid peptide (IAPP) plays an essential role in pancreatic damage and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pancreastatin (PST), a chromogranin derived peptide, instigates insulin resistance (IR) and promotes T2D. Here, we aimed to investigate whether PST induces IAPP aggregation in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscles. Foremost, we unraveled kinetics of fibril formation by ThT kinetic assay, ANS binding, turbidity, and far UV-CD. Subsequently, we checked the microarchitecture of fibril by TEM. Moreover, the PST action on IAPP expression was examined by immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time PCR. The outcome of spectral analysis and TEM demonstrated the fibril formation in the alone IAPP group but not in the alone PST; however, PST with IAPP produced stronger fibril. Moreover, PST was found to stimulate IAPP aggregation and expression more prominently in PANC1 and HepG2 cells, and pancreas and liver tissues than in L6 and skeletal muscle. Subsequently, pancreastatin inhibitor manifested a decline in the extent of the IAPP fibril formation and its expression. To conclude, PST upon combination induces the aggregation of IAPP in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle, which may have the potential to generate IR and cause T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjana Kumariya
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Liu M, Li N, Qu C, Gao Y, Wu L, Hu LG. Amylin deposition activates HIF1α and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) signaling in failing hearts of non-human primates. Commun Biol 2021; 4:188. [PMID: 33580152 PMCID: PMC7881154 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperamylinemia induces amylin aggregation and toxicity in the pancreas and contributes to the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D). Cardiac amylin deposition in patients with obesity and T2D was found to accelerate heart dysfunction. Non-human primates (NHPs) have similar genetic, metabolic, and cardiovascular processes as humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of cardiac amylin in NHPs, particularly related to the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) signaling pathways, are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in NHPs, amylin deposition in heart failure (HF) contributes to cardiac dysfunction via activation of HIF1α and PFKFB3 signaling. This was confirmed in two in vitro cardiomyocyte models. Furthermore, alterations of intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial function, and lactate levels were observed in amylin-treated cells. Our study demonstrates a pathological role for amylin in the activation of HIF1α and PFKFB3 signaling in NHPs with HF, establishing amylin as a promising target for heart disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Qu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Gao
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao George Hu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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Subba R, Sandhir R, Singh SP, Mallick BN, Mondal AC. Pathophysiology linking depression and type 2 diabetes: Psychotherapy, physical exercise, and fecal microbiome transplantation as damage control. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2870-2900. [PMID: 33529409 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the likelihood of developing depression and vice versa. Research on this bidirectional association has somewhat managed to delineate the interplay among implicated physiological processes. Still, further exploration is required in this context. This review addresses the comorbidity by investigating suspected common pathophysiological mechanisms. One such factor is psychological stress which disturbs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causing hormonal imbalance. This includes elevated cortisol levels, a common biomarker of both depression and diabetes. Disrupted insulin signaling drives the hampered neurotransmission of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Also, adipokine hormones such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin and the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin, are involved in both depression and T2DM. This disarray further interferes with physiological processes encompassing sleep, the gut-brain axis, metabolism, and mood stability. Behavioral coping mechanisms, such as unhealthy eating, mediate disturbed glucose homeostasis, and neuroinflammation. This is intricately linked to oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, interventions such as psychotherapy, physical exercise, fecal microbiota transplantation, and insulin-sensitizing agents can help to manage the distressing condition. The possibility of glucagon-like peptide 1 possessing a therapeutic role has also been discussed. Nonetheless, there stands an urgent need for unraveling new correlating targets and biological markers for efficient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Subba
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Proteotoxicity and mitochondrial dynamics in aging diabetic brain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104948. [PMID: 32450345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Impaired neuronal proteostasis is a salient feature of both aging and protein misfolding disorders. Amyloidosis, a consequence of this phenomena is observed in the brains of diabetic patients over the chronic time period. These toxic aggregates not only cause age-related decline in proteostasis, but also dwindle its ability to increase or restore the chaperones in response to any stressful condition. Mitochondria acts as the main source of energy regulation and many metabolic disorders such as diabetes have been associated with altered oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and redox imbalance in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) acts as a mediator for maintaining the mitochondrial protein homeostasis and quality control during such conditions. Over a long time period, these responses start shutting off leading to proteotoxic stress in the neurons. This reduces the buffering capacity of protein network signalling during aging, thereby increasing the risk of neurodegeneration in the brain. In this review, we focus on the proteotoxic stress that occurs as an amalgamation of diabetes and aging, as well as the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on the neuronal survival affecting the diabetic brain and its long term consequences on the memory changes.
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Yao T, Cui Q, Liu Z, Wang C, Zhang Q, Wang G. Metabolomic evidence for the therapeutic effect of gentiopicroside in a corticosterone-induced model of depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109549. [PMID: 31655313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a disease that seriously threatens the quality of human life. To explore the effect of gentiopicroside on depression, this study investigated the therapeutic effect of gentiopicroside on corticosterone-induced depressionin vivo and in vitro by using metabolomic methods. METHODS A total of 36 rats were randomly assigned to three groups: a normal group, model group (depression), and treatment group (depression + gentiopicroside). Corticosterone was administrated to induce depression-like model rats. Morris water maze test was used to validated the behavior performance. The hippocampus of rats was obtained for metabolomic detection. Metabolites that were differentially expressed between the groups were extracted for Heatmap, Go, and pathway enrichment analyses. Finally, neuronal cells were cultured and examined to validated the effect of gentiopicroside. RESULTS Corticosterone injured rats learning capacity, and decreased the levels of 5-HT, and reversed by gentiopicroside delivery. Metabolites obtained from the hippocampus of rats in the three groups were subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA). Go and pathway enrichment analyses revealed the involvement of sphingolipid metabolism et al. Gentiopicroside could inhibit apoptosis caused by corticosterone, and also decrease neuronal cell proliferation and BDNF levels in vitro. Arachidonic acid (ARA) reversed the protective effect of gentiopicroside on neuronal cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that gentiopicroside reduces apoptosis and increases the proliferation of hippocampus cells in depressed animals by regulating metabolites. Moreover, our study provides a new basis for the clinical treatment of depression and demonstrates the potential efficacy of gentiopicroside in this area of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Cui
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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10
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Verma N, Despa F. Contributing Factors to Diabetic Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:560-567. [PMID: 31694078 PMCID: PMC6834839 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The link of diabetes with co-occurring disorders in the brain involves complex and multifactorial pathways. Genetically engineered rodents that express familial Alzheimer's disease-associated mutant forms of amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (PSEN1) genes provided invaluable insights into the mechanisms and consequences of amyloid deposition in the brain. Adding diabetes factors (obesity, insulin impairment) to these animal models to predict success in translation to clinic have proven useful at some extent only. Here, we focus on contributing factors to diabetic brain injury with the aim of identifying appropriate animal models that can be used to mechanistically dissect the pathophysiology of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction and how diabetes medications may influence the development and progression of cognitive decline in humans with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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11
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Ilaiwy A, Ten Have GAM, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, O'Neal SK, Berthiaume JM, Parry TL, Deutz NE, Willis MS. Identification of Metabolic Changes in Ileum, Jejunum, Skeletal Muscle, Liver, and Lung in a Continuous I.V. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Model of Sepsis Using Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1797-1813. [PMID: 31439155 PMCID: PMC6723233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a multiorgan disease affecting the ileum and jejunum (small intestine), liver, skeletal muscle, and lung clinically. The specific metabolic changes in the ileum, jejunum, liver, skeletal muscle, and lung have not previously been investigated. Live Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from a patient, was given via i.v. catheter to pigs to induce severe sepsis. Eighteen hours later, ileum, jejunum, medial gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, liver, and lung were analyzed by nontargeted metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ileum and the liver demonstrated significant changes in metabolites involved in linoleic acid metabolism: the ileum and lung had significant changes in the metabolism of valine/leucine/isoleucine; the jejunum, skeletal muscle, and liver had significant changes in arginine/proline metabolism; and the skeletal muscle and lung had significant changes in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, as analyzed by pathway analysis. Pathway analysis also identified changes in metabolic pathways unique for different tissues, including changes in the citric acid cycle (jejunum), β-alanine metabolism (skeletal muscle), and purine metabolism (liver). These findings demonstrate both overlapping metabolic pathways affected in different tissues and those that are unique to others and provide insight into the metabolic changes in sepsis leading to organ dysfunction. This may allow therapeutic interventions that focus on multiple tissues or single tissues once the relationship of the altered metabolites/metabolism to the underlying pathogenesis of sepsis is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sara K O'Neal
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Traci L Parry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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12
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Sowton AP, Griffin JL, Murray AJ. Metabolic Profiling of the Diabetic Heart: Toward a Richer Picture. Front Physiol 2019; 10:639. [PMID: 31214041 PMCID: PMC6555155 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence of diabetes has been accompanied by a rise in diabetes-related conditions. This includes diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), a progressive form of heart disease that occurs with both insulin-dependent (type-1) and insulin-independent (type-2) diabetes and arises in the absence of hypertension or coronary artery disease. Over time, DbCM can develop into overt heart failure. Like other forms of cardiomyopathy, DbCM is accompanied by alterations in metabolism which could lead to further progression of the pathology, with metabolic derangement postulated to precede functional changes in the diabetic heart. Moreover in the case of type-2 diabetes, underlying insulin resistance is likely to prevent the canonical substrate switch of the failing heart away from fatty acid oxidation toward increased use of glycolysis. Analytical chemistry techniques, collectively known as metabolomics, are useful tools for investigating the condition. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of those studies that have employed metabolomic techniques, namely chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to profile metabolic remodeling in the diabetic heart of human patients and animal models. These studies collectively demonstrate that glycolysis and glucose oxidation are suppressed in the diabetic myocardium and highlight a complex picture regarding lipid metabolism. The diabetic heart typically shows an increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation, yet triacylglycerols and other lipids accumulate in the diabetic myocardium indicating probable lipotoxicity. The application of lipidomic techniques to the diabetic heart has identified specific lipid species that become enriched and which may in turn act as plasma-borne biomarkers for the condition. Metabolomics is proving to be a powerful approach, allowing a much richer analysis of the metabolic alterations that occur in the diabetic heart. Careful physiological interpretation of metabolomic results will now be key in order to establish which aspects of the metabolic derangement are causal to the progression of DbCM and might form the basis for novel therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice P. Sowton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important comorbidity of diabetes mellitus. Different stages of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction exist, each with different cognitive features, affected age groups and prognoses and probably with different underlying mechanisms. Relatively subtle, slowly progressive cognitive decrements occur in all age groups. More severe stages, particularly mild cognitive impairment and dementia, with progressive deficits, occur primarily in older individuals (>65 years of age). Patients in the latter group are the most relevant for patient management and are the focus of this Review. Here, we review the evolving insights from studies on risk factors, brain imaging and neuropathology, which provide important clues on mechanisms of both the subtle cognitive decrements and the more severe stages of cognitive dysfunction. In the majority of patients, the cognitive phenotype is probably defined by multiple aetiologies. Although both the risk of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease and that of vascular dementia is increased in association with diabetes, the cerebral burden of the prototypical pathologies of Alzheimer disease (such as neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques) is not. A major challenge for researchers is to pinpoint from the spectrum of diabetes-related disease processes those that affect the brain and contribute to development of dementia beyond the pathologies of Alzheimer disease. Observations from experimental models can help to meet that challenge, but this requires further improving the synergy between experimental and clinical scientists. The development of targeted treatment and preventive strategies will therefore depend on these translational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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14
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Zhang H, Wang W, Li H, Peng Y, Zhang Z. Microspheres for the oral delivery of insulin: preparation, evaluation and hypoglycaemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:109-115. [PMID: 28956663 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1386197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Weimei Wang
- Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, PR China
| | - Haoran Li
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yi Peng
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
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15
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Ly H, Verma N, Wu F, Liu M, Saatman KE, Nelson PT, Slevin JT, Goldstein LB, Biessels GJ, Despa F. Brain microvascular injury and white matter disease provoked by diabetes-associated hyperamylinemia. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:208-222. [PMID: 28696548 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The brain blood vessels of patients with type 2 diabetes and dementia have deposition of amylin, an amyloidogenic hormone cosecreted with insulin. It is not known whether vascular amylin deposition is a consequence or a trigger of vascular injury. We tested the hypothesis that the vascular amylin deposits cause endothelial dysfunction and microvascular injury and are modulated by amylin transport in the brain via plasma apolipoproteins. METHODS Rats overexpressing amyloidogenic (human) amylin in the pancreas (HIP rats) and amylin knockout (AKO) rats intravenously infused with aggregated amylin were used for in vivo phenotyping. We also carried out biochemical analyses of human brain tissues and studied the effects of the aggregated amylin on endothelial cells ex vivo. RESULTS Amylin deposition in brain blood vessels is associated with vessel wall disruption and abnormal surrounding neuropil in patients with type 2 diabetes and dementia, in HIP rats, and in AKO rats infused with aggregated amylin. HIP rats have brain microhemorrhages, white matter injury, and neurologic deficits. Vascular amylin deposition provokes loss of endothelial cell coverage and tight junctions. Intravenous infusion in AKO rats of human amylin, or combined human amylin and apolipoprotein E4, showed that amylin binds to plasma apolipoproteins. The intravenous infusion of apolipoprotein E4 exacerbated the brain accumulation of aggregated amylin and vascular pathology in HIP rats. INTERPRETATION These data identify vascular amylin deposition as a trigger of brain endothelial dysfunction that is modulated by plasma apolipoproteins and represents a potential therapeutic target in diabetes-associated dementia and stroke. Ann Neurol 2017;82:208-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ly
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Fengen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Kathryn E Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - John T Slevin
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Lexington, KY.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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16
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Liu M, Verma N, Peng X, Srodulski S, Morris A, Chow M, Hersh LB, Chen J, Zhu H, Netea MG, Margulies KB, Despa S, Despa F. Hyperamylinemia Increases IL-1β Synthesis in the Heart via Peroxidative Sarcolemmal Injury. Diabetes 2016; 65:2772-83. [PMID: 27335231 PMCID: PMC5001184 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypersecretion of amylin is common in individuals with prediabetes, causes amylin deposition and proteotoxicity in pancreatic islets, and contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies also identified amylin deposits in failing hearts from patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes and demonstrated that hyperamylinemia accelerates the development of heart dysfunction in rats expressing human amylin in pancreatic β-cells (HIP rats). To further determine the impact of hyperamylinemia on cardiac myocytes, we investigated human myocardium, compared diabetic HIP rats with diabetic rats expressing endogenous (nonamyloidogenic) rat amylin, studied normal mice injected with aggregated human amylin, and developed in vitro cell models. We found that amylin deposition negatively affects cardiac myocytes by inducing sarcolemmal injury, generating reactive aldehydes, forming amylin-based adducts with reactive aldehydes, and increasing synthesis of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) independently of hyperglycemia. These results are consistent with the pathological role of amylin deposition in the pancreas, uncover a novel contributing mechanism to cardiac myocyte injury in type 2 diabetes, and suggest a potentially treatable link of type 2 diabetes with diabetic heart disease. Although further studies are necessary, these data also suggest that IL-1β might function as a sensor of myocyte amylin uptake and a potential mediator of myocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sarah Srodulski
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Andrew Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Martin Chow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Louis B Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sanda Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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