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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Toh DWK, Zhou H, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Choi H, Burla B, Bendt AK, Wenk MR, Ling LH, Kim JE. Effects of wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum) consumption on the human plasma lipidome and its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized controlled trial of middle-aged and older adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1258570. [PMID: 38439925 PMCID: PMC10909962 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1258570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term wolfberry intake as part of a healthy dietary pattern was recognized to have beneficial vascular outcomes. Characterization of the plasma lipidome may further provide comprehensive insights into pathways underlying these cardiovascular protective effects. Objective We analyzed the plasma lipidome of subjects who adhered to a healthy dietary pattern either with or without wolfberry and investigated the associations between the plasma lipidomic profile and cardiovascular health-related indicators. Methods In this 16-week, parallel design, randomized controlled trial, middle-aged and older adults (n = 41) were provided dietary counseling and assigned to either consume or not consume 15 g of wolfberry daily. At baseline and post-intervention, plasma lipidomics was assayed, and its relationships with classical CVD risk factors, vascular health, oxidant burden, carotenoids status, body composition, and anthropometry were examined. Results From the plasma lipidome, 427 lipid species from 26 sub-classes were quantified. In the wolfberry and control groups, significant changes were prominent for 27 and 42 lipid species, respectively (P < 0.05 with > 0.2-fold change). Fold changes for seven lipid species were also markedly different between the two groups. Examining the relationships between the plasma lipidome and CVD-related risk factors, total cholesterol revealed a marked positive correlation with 13 ceramide species, while HDL-cholesterol which was notably increased with wolfberry consumption showed a positive correlation with 10 phosphatidylcholine species. Oxidant burden, as represented by plasma 8-isoprostanes, was also inversely associated with lipidomic triglycerides and ether-triglycerides (41 species) and directly associated with hexosylceramides (eight species) and sphingomyelins (six species). There were no differential associations with CVD risk detected between groups. Conclusion Characteristic alterations to the plasma lipidome were observed with healthy dietary pattern adherence and wolfberry consumption. An examination of these fluctuations suggests potential biochemical mechanisms that may mediate the antioxidant and cardiovascular protective effects of healthy dietary pattern adherence and wolfberry intake. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0353584.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanzhang Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Katherin Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Miao G, Pechlaner R, Fiehn O, Malloy KM, Zhang Y, Umans JG, Mayr M, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Zhao J. Longitudinal Lipidomic Signature of Coronary Heart Disease in American Indian People. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031825. [PMID: 38293910 PMCID: PMC11056164 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Standard lipid panel cannot capture the complexity of the blood lipidome (ie, all molecular lipids in the blood). To date, very few large-scale epidemiological studies have assessed the full spectrum of the blood lipidome on risk of CHD, especially in a longitudinal setting. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we repeatedly measured 1542 lipid species from 1835 unique American Indian participants who attended 2 clinical visits (≈5.5 years apart) and followed up to 17.8 years in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). We first identified baseline lipid species associated with risk of CHD, followed by replication in a European population. The model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, education, and physical activity at baseline. We then examined the longitudinal association between changes in lipid species and changes in cardiovascular risk factors during follow-up. Multiple testing was controlled by the false discovery rate. We found that baseline levels of multiple lipid species (eg, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and ceramides) were associated with the risk of CHD and improved the prediction accuracy over conventional risk factors in American Indian people. Some identified lipids in American Indian people were replicated in European people. Longitudinal changes in multiple lipid species (eg, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, and triacylglycerols) were associated with changes in cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Baseline plasma lipids and their longitudinal changes over time are associated with risk of CHD. These findings provide novel insights into the role of dyslipidemia in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Miao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and BioinformaticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
| | - Kimberly M. Malloy
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK
| | | | - Manuel Mayr
- National Heart & Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of NeurologyMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of NeurologyMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and StrokeInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and BioinformaticsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL
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Li Y, Wang H, Xiao Y, Yang H, Wang S, Liu L, Cai H, Zhang X, Tang H, Wu T, Qiu G. Lipidomics identified novel cholesterol-independent predictors for risk of incident coronary heart disease: Mediation of risk from diabetes and aggravation of risk by ambient air pollution. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00396-X. [PMID: 38104795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous lipidomics studies have identified various lipid predictors for cardiovascular risk, however, with limited predictive increment, sometimes using too many predictor variables at the expense of practical efficiency. OBJECTIVES To search for lipid predictors of future coronary heart disease (CHD) with stronger predictive power and efficiency to guide primary intervention. METHODS We conducted a prospective nested case-control study involving 1,621 incident CHD cases and 1:1 matched controls. Lipid profiling of 161 lipid species for baseline fasting plasma was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS In search of CHD predictors, seven lipids were selected by elastic-net regression during over 90% of 1000 cross-validation repetitions, and the derived composite lipid score showed an adjusted odds ratio of 3.75 (95% confidence interval: 3.15, 4.46) per standard deviation increase. Addition of the lipid score into traditional risk model increased c-statistic to 0.736 by an increment of 0.077 (0.063, 0.092). From the seven lipids, we found mediation of CHD risk from baseline diabetes through sphingomyelin (SM) 41:1b with a considerable mediation proportion of 36.97% (P < 0.05). We further found that the positive associations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) 36:0a, SM 41:1b, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:0 and LPC 20:3 were more pronounced among participants with higher exposure to fine particulate matter or its certain components, also to ozone for LPC 18:0 and LPC 20:3, while the negative association of cholesteryl ester (CE) 18:2 was attenuated with higher black carbon exposure (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We identified seven lipid species with greatest predictive increment so-far achieved for incident CHD, and also found novel biomarkers for CHD risk stratification among individuals with diabetes or heavy air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Li
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Gaokun Qiu
- Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Bockus LB, Jensen PN, Fretts AM, Hoofnagle AN, McKnight B, Sitlani CM, Siscovick DS, King IB, Psaty BM, Sotoodehnia N, Lemaitre RN. Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Sudden Cardiac Death in the Cardiovascular Health Study. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2343854. [PMID: 37976059 PMCID: PMC10656644 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingomyelins, may influence the pathophysiology and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) through multiple biological activities. Whether the length of the fatty acid acylated to plasma sphingolipid species is associated with SCD risk is not known. Objective To determine whether the saturated fatty acid length of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins influences the association with SCD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of sphingolipid species with SCD risk. The study population included 4612 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study followed up prospectively for a median of 10.2 (IQR, 5.5-11.6) years. Baseline data were collected from January 1992 to December 1995 during annual examinations. Data were analyzed from February 11, 2020, to September 9, 2023. Exposures Eight plasma sphingolipid species (4 ceramides and 4 sphingomyelins) with saturated fatty acids of 16, 20, 22, and 24 carbons. Main Outcome and Measure Association of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with saturated fatty acids of different lengths with SCD risk. Results Among the 4612 CHS participants included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 77 [5] years; 2724 [59.1%] women; 6 [0.1%] American Indian; 4 [0.1%] Asian; 718 [15.6%] Black; 3869 [83.9%] White, and 15 [0.3%] Other), 215 SCD cases were identified. In adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with palmitic acid (Cer-16 and SM-16) were associated with higher SCD risk per higher SD of log sphingolipid levels (hazard ratio [HR] for Cer-16, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.12-1.59]; HR for SM-16, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.12-1.67]). Associations did not differ by baseline age, sex, race, or body mass index. No significant association of SCD with sphingolipids with very-long-chain saturated fatty acids was observed after correction for multiple testing (HR for ceramide with arachidic acid, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.90-1.24]; HR for ceramide with behenic acid, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.10]; HR for ceramide with lignoceric acid, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.09]; HR for sphingomyelin with arachidic acid, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.71-0.98]; HR for sphingomyelin with behenic acid, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-1.00]; HR for sphingomyelin with lignoceric acid, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.72-1.03]). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this large, population-based cohort study of SCD identified that higher plasma levels of Cer-16 and SM-16 were associated with higher risk of SCD. Future studies are needed to examine the underlying mechanism of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee B Bockus
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Paul N Jensen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | | | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle
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Ubaida-Mohien C, Tanaka T, Tian Q, Moore Z, Moaddel R, Basisty N, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L. Blood Biomarkers for Healthy Aging. Gerontology 2023; 69:1167-1174. [PMID: 37166337 PMCID: PMC11137618 DOI: 10.1159/000530795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring the abundance of biological molecules and their chemical modifications in blood and tissues has been the cornerstone of research and medical diagnoses for decades. Although the number and variety of molecules that can be measured have expanded exponentially, the blood biomarkers routinely assessed in medical practice remain limited to a few dozen, which have not substantially changed over the last 30-40 years. The discovery of novel biomarkers would allow, for example, risk stratification or monitoring of disease progression or the effectiveness of treatments and interventions, improving clinical practice in myriad ways. In this review, we combine the biomarker discovery concept with geroscience. Geroscience bridges aging research and translation to clinical applications by combining the framework of medical gerontology with high-technology medical research. With the development of geroscience and the rise of blood biomarkers, there has been a paradigm shift from disease prevention and cure to promoting health and healthy aging. New -omic technologies have played a role in the development of blood biomarkers, including epigenetic, proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic markers, which have emerged as correlates or predictors of health status, from disease to exceptional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qu Tian
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zenobia Moore
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sellem L, Eichelmann F, Jackson KG, Wittenbecher C, Schulze MB, Lovegrove JA. Replacement of dietary saturated with unsaturated fatty acids is associated with beneficial effects on lipidome metabolites: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)46314-9. [PMID: 37062359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of replacing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the plasma lipidome in relation to the cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the impact of substituting dietary SFAs with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) on the plasma lipidome and examine the relationship between lipid metabolites modulated by diet and CMD risk. METHODS Plasma fatty acid (FA) concentrations among 16 lipid classes (within-class FAs) were measured in a subgroup from the Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS) parallel randomized controlled trial (n = 113/195), which consisted of three 16-wk diets enriched in SFAs (target SFA:MUFA:n-6PUFA ratio = 17:11:4% total energy [TE]), MUFAs (9:19:4% TE), or a MUFA/PUFA mixture (9:13:10% TE). Similar lipidomics analyses were conducted in the European investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam prospective cohort study (specific case/cohorts: n = 775/1886 for type 2 diabetes [T2D], n = 551/1671 for cardiovascular disease [CVD]). Multiple linear regression and multivariable Cox models identified within-class FAs sensitive to replacement of dietary SFA with UFA in DIVAS and their association with CMD risk in EPIC-Potsdam. Elastic-net regression models identified within-class FAs associated with changes in CMD risk markers post-DIVAS interventions. RESULTS DIVAS high-UFA interventions reduced plasma within-class FAs associated with a higher CVD risk in EPIC-Potsdam, especially SFA-containing glycerolipids and sphingolipids (e.g., diacylglycerol (20:0) z-score = -1.08; SE = 0.17; P value < 10-8), whereas they increased those inversely associated with CVD risk. The results on T2D were less clear. Specific sphingolipids and phospholipids were associated with changes in markers of endothelial function and ambulatory blood pressure, whereas higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were characterized by higher plasma glycerolipids containing lauric and stearic acids. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a mediating role of plasma lipid metabolites in the association between dietary fat and CMD risk. Future research combining interventional and observational findings will further our understanding of the role of dietary fat in CMD etiology. This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01478958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Fabian Eichelmann
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Division of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK.
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Lind L, Fall T, Ärnlöv J, Elmståhl S, Sundström J. Large-Scale Metabolomics and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e026885. [PMID: 36645074 PMCID: PMC9939066 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The study aimed to show the relationship between a large number of circulating metabolites and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subclinical markers of CVD in the general population. Methods and Results In 2278 individuals free from CVD in the EpiHealth study (aged 45-75 years, mean age 61 years, 50% women), 790 annotated nonxenobiotic metabolites were measured by mass spectroscopy (Metabolon). The same metabolites were measured in the PIVUS (Prospective Investigation of Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors) study (n=603, all aged 80 years, 50% women), in which cardiac and carotid artery pathologies were evaluated by ultrasound. During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, 107 individuals experienced a CVD (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure) in EpiHealth. Using a false discovery rate of 0.05 for age- and sex-adjusted analyses and P<0.05 for adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, 37 metabolites were significantly related to incident CVD. These metabolites belonged to multiple biochemical classes, such as amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides. Top findings were dimethylglycine and N-acetylmethionine. A lasso selection of 5 metabolites improved discrimination when added on top of traditional CVD risk factors (+4.0%, P=0.0054). Thirty-five of the 37 metabolites were related to subclinical markers of CVD evaluated in the PIVUS study. The metabolite 1-carboxyethyltyrosine was associated with left atrial diameter as well as inversely related to both ejection fraction and the echogenicity of the carotid artery. Conclusions Several metabolites were discovered to be associated with future CVD, as well as with subclinical markers of CVD. A selection of metabolites improved discrimination when added on top of CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden,School of Health and Social StudiesDalarna UniversityFalunSweden
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Lipidomics: An excellent tool for chronic disease detection. Curr Res Transl Med 2022; 70:103346. [PMID: 35487168 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2022.103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It has been known as almost all the cells consists a lipid molecule which has a considerable impact in various biological processes. Lipids have been investigated with a potential role for the formation of cellular membrane and thereby maintaining the structural integrity. Omics has placed as a combined technologies utilized for an exploaration of mechanistic actions in several kinds of molecules that make up the cells of an organism. Lipidomics has been recognized as a newly emerged branch of omics technology. This technology has the captivating factors to classify and characterize almost all the cellular lipids with the help of various analytical techniques and computational biological plateform. In lipidomics studies, structural display of several lipid biomarkers could also be analyzed and considered for actual disease diagnosis procedures. This could also replace certain traditional diagnostics method at all over the globe. Our review focuses how important this lipidomics particularly in disease diagnosis and also covers various analytical techniques and computational methods or bioinformatics tools in for the diagnosis of disease. In addtion, we also pinponted the possible role of lipids in several kinds of cellular disorders including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity in human population. .
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Serum Lipidome Signatures of Dogs with Different Endocrinopathies Associated with Hyperlipidemia. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040306. [PMID: 35448493 PMCID: PMC9031822 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia) is a common finding in human and veterinary patients with endocrinopathies (e.g., hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome; CS)). Despite emerging use of lipidomics technology in medicine, the lipid profiles of these endocrinopathies have not been evaluated and characterized in dogs. The aim of this study was to compare the serum lipidomes of dogs with naturally occurring CS or hypothyroidism with those of healthy dogs. Serum samples from 39 dogs with CS, 45 dogs with hypothyroidism, and 10 healthy beagle dogs were analyzed using a targeted lipidomics approach with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. There were significant differences between the lipidomes of dogs with CS, hypothyroidism, and the healthy dogs. The most significant changes were found in the lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols, ceramides, and sphingosine 1-phosphates. Lipid alterations were especially pronounced in dogs with hypothyroidism. Several changes suggested a more atherogenic lipid profile in dogs with HT than in dogs with CS. In this study, we found so far unknown effects of naturally occurring hypothyroidism and CS on lipid metabolism in dogs. Our findings provide starting points to further examine differences in occurrence of atherosclerotic lesion formation between the two diseases.
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11
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Lim CGY, Tai ES, van Dam RM. Replacing dietary carbohydrates and refined grains with different alternatives and risk of cardiovascular diseases in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:854-863. [PMID: 34996115 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of deaths worldwide, but prospective data on dietary risk factors for CVD in South and Southeast Asian populations are sparse. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the relation between macronutrient and food intakes and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in a multi-ethnic Asian population. METHODS We used data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (n = 12,408), a prospective cohort of ethnic Chinese, Malay, and Indian adults aged 21‒65 y recruited between 2004 and 2010. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and the incidence of MACEs was ascertained through data linkage with national registries. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the associations between dietary intakes and MACE risk. RESULTS Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.1 (2.3) y, 746 incident cases of MACEs were documented. We observed a direct association between carbohydrate intake and MACE risk (highest vs. lowest quartile, HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.71; P-trend = 0.001). Replacing 5% of energy from carbohydrate with polyunsaturated fat (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.91) but not saturated fat (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.09) was significantly associated with a lower MACE risk. In terms of food groups, replacing 1 serving/d of refined grains with fruit (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99), vegetables (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.00), and dairy (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98) was associated with lower MACE risk. Cholesterol intake was associated with a higher MACE risk in ethnic Indians (highest vs. lowest quartile, HR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.53, 3.75; P-trend < 0.001) but not in ethnic Malay or Chinese (P-interaction = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Moderating carbohydrate intakes by increasing polyunsaturated fat intake and replacing refined grains with fruits, vegetables, and dairy was associated with lower MACE risk in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie G Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Shalaby YM, Al Aidaros A, Valappil A, Ali BR, Akawi N. Role of Ceramides in the Molecular Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies of Cardiometabolic Diseases: What we Know so Far. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:816301. [PMID: 35127726 PMCID: PMC8808480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.816301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides represent a class of biologically active lipids that are involved in orchestrating vital signal transduction pathways responsible for regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation. However, accumulating clinical evidence have shown that ceramides are playing a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and obesity, collectively referred to as cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, it has become necessary to study in depth the role of ceramides in the pathophysiology of such diseases, aiming to tailor more efficient treatment regimens. Furthermore, understanding the contribution of ceramides to the pathological molecular mechanisms of those interrelated conditions may improve not only the therapeutic but also the diagnostic and preventive approaches of the preceding hazardous events. Hence, the purpose of this article is to review currently available evidence on the role of ceramides as a common factor in the pathological mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases as well as the mechanism of action of the latest ceramides-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Shalaby
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
| | - Anas Al Aidaros
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjana Valappil
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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De Novo Sphingolipid Biosynthesis in Atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:31-46. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Lange M, Angelidou G, Ni Z, Criscuolo A, Schiller J, Blüher M, Fedorova M. AdipoAtlas: A reference lipidome for human white adipose tissue. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100407. [PMID: 34755127 PMCID: PMC8561168 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by expansion and metabolic dysregulation of white adipose tissue (WAT), has reached pandemic proportions and acts as a primer for a wide range of metabolic disorders. Remodeling of WAT lipidome in obesity and associated comorbidities can explain disease etiology and provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers. To support understanding of WAT lipidome remodeling at the molecular level, we provide in-depth lipidomics profiling of human subcutaneous and visceral WAT of lean and obese individuals. We generate a human WAT reference lipidome by performing tissue-tailored preanalytical and analytical workflows, which allow accurate identification and semi-absolute quantification of 1,636 and 737 lipid molecular species, respectively. Deep lipidomic profiling allows identification of main lipid (sub)classes undergoing depot-/phenotype-specific remodeling. Previously unanticipated diversity of WAT ceramides is now uncovered. AdipoAtlas reference lipidome serves as a data-rich resource for the development of WAT-specific high-throughput methods and as a scaffold for systems medicine data integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Lange
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georgia Angelidou
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhixu Ni
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Criscuolo
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III (Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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McGranaghan P, Kirwan JA, Garcia-Rivera MA, Pieske B, Edelmann F, Blaschke F, Appunni S, Saxena A, Rubens M, Veledar E, Trippel TD. Lipid Metabolite Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease: Discovery and Biomechanism Translation from Human Studies. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090621. [PMID: 34564437 PMCID: PMC8470800 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids represent a valuable target for metabolomic studies since altered lipid metabolism is known to drive the pathological changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolomic technologies give us the ability to measure thousands of metabolites providing us with a metabolic fingerprint of individual patients. Metabolomic studies in humans have supported previous findings into the pathomechanisms of CVD, namely atherosclerosis, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. The most widely studied classes of lipid metabolite biomarkers in CVD are phospholipids, sphingolipids/ceramides, glycolipids, cholesterol esters, fatty acids, and acylcarnitines. Technological advancements have enabled novel strategies to discover individual biomarkers or panels that may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD, with sphingolipids/ceramides as the most promising class of biomarkers thus far. In this review, application of metabolomic profiling for biomarker discovery to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD as well as metabolic abnormalities in CVD will be discussed with particular emphasis on lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McGranaghan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Jennifer A. Kirwan
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.A.K.); (M.A.G.-R.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Research, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mariel A. Garcia-Rivera
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.A.K.); (M.A.G.-R.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Research, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Cardiology, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Cardiology, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandeep Appunni
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala 673008, India;
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Muni Rubens
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Emir Veledar
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tobias Daniel Trippel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-553765
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16
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Tabassum R, Ripatti S. Integrating lipidomics and genomics: emerging tools to understand cardiovascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2565-2584. [PMID: 33449144 PMCID: PMC8004487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide leading to 31% of all global deaths. Early prediction and prevention could greatly reduce the enormous socio-economic burden posed by CVDs. Plasma lipids have been at the center stage of the prediction and prevention strategies for CVDs that have mostly relied on traditional lipids (total cholesterol, total triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C). The tremendous advancement in the field of lipidomics in last two decades has facilitated the research efforts to unravel the metabolic dysregulation in CVDs and their genetic determinants, enabling the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and identification of predictive biomarkers, beyond traditional lipids. This review presents an overview of the application of lipidomics in epidemiological and genetic studies and their contributions to the current understanding of the field. We review findings of these studies and discuss examples that demonstrates the potential of lipidomics in revealing new biology not captured by traditional lipids and lipoprotein measurements. The promising findings from these studies have raised new opportunities in the fields of personalized and predictive medicine for CVDs. The review further discusses prospects of integrating emerging genomics tools with the high-dimensional lipidome to move forward from the statistical associations towards biological understanding, therapeutic target development and risk prediction. We believe that integrating genomics with lipidome holds a great potential but further advancements in statistical and computational tools are needed to handle the high-dimensional and correlated lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Tabassum
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Iliou A, Mikros E, Karaman I, Elliott F, Griffin JL, Tzoulaki I, Elliott P. Metabolic phenotyping and cardiovascular disease: an overview of evidence from epidemiological settings. Heart 2021; 107:1123-1129. [PMID: 33608305 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics, the comprehensive measurement of low-molecular-weight molecules in biological fluids used for metabolic phenotyping, has emerged as a promising tool to better understand pathways underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to improve cardiovascular risk stratification. Here, we present the main methodologies for metabolic phenotyping, the methodological steps to analyse these data in epidemiological settings and the associated challenges. We discuss evidence from epidemiological studies linking metabolites to coronary heart disease and stroke. These studies indicate the systemic nature of CVD and identify associated metabolic pathways such as gut microbial cometabolism, branched-chain amino acids, glycerophospholipid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as activation of inflammatory processes. Integration of metabolomic with genomic data can provide new evidence for involved biochemical pathways and potential for causality using Mendelian randomisation. The clinical utility of metabolic biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification in healthy individuals has not yet been established. As sample sizes with high-dimensional molecular data increase in epidemiological settings, integration of metabolomic data across studies and platforms with other molecular data will lead to new understanding of the metabolic processes underlying CVD and contribute to identification of potentially novel preventive and pharmacological targets. Metabolic phenotyping offers a powerful tool in the characterisation of the molecular signatures of CVD, paving the way to new mechanistic understanding and therapies, as well as improving risk prediction of CVD patients. However, there are still challenges to face in order to contribute to clinically important improvements in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Iliou
- Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Freya Elliott
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,BHF Research Centre for Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK .,BHF Research Centre for Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
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18
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Seah JYH, Chew WS, Torta F, Khoo CM, Wenk MR, Herr DR, Tai ES, van Dam RM. Dietary Fat and Protein Intake in Relation to Plasma Sphingolipids as Determined by a Large-Scale Lipidomic Analysis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020093. [PMID: 33567768 PMCID: PMC7915172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid concentrations have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Because sphingolipids can be synthesized de novo from saturated fatty acids (SFA), dietary fatty acids may affect plasma sphingolipid concentrations. We aimed to evaluate dietary fat and protein intakes in relation to circulating sphingolipid levels. We used cross-sectional data from 2860 ethnic Chinese Singaporeans collected from 2004–2007. Nutrient intakes were estimated on the basis of a validated 159-item food frequency questionnaire. We quantified 79 molecularly distinct sphingolipids in a large-scale lipidomic evaluation from plasma samples. Higher saturated fat intake was associated with higher concentrations of 16:1;O2 sphingolipids including ceramides, monohexosylcermides, dihexosylceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphingosine 1-phosphates. Higher polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with lower plasma long-chain ceramides and long-chain monohexosylcermide concentrations. Protein intake was inversely associated with concentrations of most subclasses of sphingolipids, with the exception of sphingolipids containing a 16:1;O2 sphingoid base. Lower intake of saturated fat and higher intake of polyunsaturated fat and protein may decrease plasma concentrations of several sphingolipid classes. These findings may represent a novel biological mechanism for the impact of nutrient intakes on cardio-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowy Yi Hoong Seah
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.Y.H.S.); (R.M.v.D.); Tel.: +65-6516-4980 (R.M.v.D.)
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (W.S.C.); (D.R.H.)
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117596, Singapore; (F.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, NUS, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117596, Singapore; (F.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, NUS, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (W.S.C.); (D.R.H.)
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Y.H.S.); (R.M.v.D.); Tel.: +65-6516-4980 (R.M.v.D.)
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