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Victorio CBL, Ganasarajah A, Novera W, Ong J, Msallam R, Chacko AM. Translocator protein (TSPO) is a biomarker of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection-associated neuroinflammation. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2348528. [PMID: 38662785 PMCID: PMC11132733 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2348528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Zika is a systemic inflammatory disease caused by infection with Zika virus (ZIKV). ZIKV infection in adults is associated with encephalitis marked by elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as increased brain infiltration of immune cells. In this study, we demonstrate that ZIKV encephalitis in a mouse infection model exhibits increased brain TSPO expression. TSPO expression on brain-resident and infiltrating immune cells in ZIKV infection correlates with disease and inflammation status in the brain. Brain TSPO expression can also be sensitively detected ex vivo and in vitro using radioactive small molecule probes that specifically bind to TSPO, such as [3H]PK11195. TSPO expression on brain-resident and infiltrating immune cells is a biomarker of ZIKV neuroinflammation, which can also be a general biomarker of acute viral neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bianca Luena Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging (LTMI), Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arun Ganasarajah
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging (LTMI), Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wisna Novera
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging (LTMI), Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging (LTMI), Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rasha Msallam
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging (LTMI), Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging (LTMI), Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Victorio CBL, Novera W, Ganasarajah A, Ong J, Thomas M, Wu J, Toh HSY, Sun AX, Ooi EE, Chacko AM. Repurposing of Zika virus live-attenuated vaccine (ZIKV-LAV) strains as oncolytic viruses targeting human glioblastoma multiforme cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:126. [PMID: 38308299 PMCID: PMC10835997 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain cancer affecting the adult population. Median overall survival for GBM patients is poor (15 months), primarily due to high rates of tumour recurrence and the paucity of treatment options. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment alternative for GBM patients, where engineered viruses selectively infect and eradicate cancer cells by inducing cell lysis and eliciting robust anti-tumour immune response. In this study, we evaluated the oncolytic potency of live-attenuated vaccine strains of Zika virus (ZIKV-LAV) against human GBM cells in vitro. Our findings revealed that Axl and integrin αvβ5 function as cellular receptors mediating ZIKV-LAV infection in GBM cells. ZIKV-LAV strains productively infected and lysed human GBM cells but not primary endothelia and terminally differentiated neurons. Upon infection, ZIKV-LAV mediated GBM cell death via apoptosis and pyroptosis. This is the first in-depth molecular dissection of how oncolytic ZIKV infects and induces death in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bianca Luena Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857.
| | - Wisna Novera
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Arun Ganasarajah
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Melisyaa Thomas
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Jonas Wu
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Hilary Si Yin Toh
- Laboratory of Human Neural Models, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Laboratory of Human Neural Models, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857.
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169610.
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Yan G, Pan D, Wang L, Yang M, Wang K. PET imaging of retinal inflammation in mice exposed to blue light using [ 18F]-DPA-714. Mol Vis 2023; 29:117-124. [PMID: 37859807 PMCID: PMC10584029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in high-precision imaging, which may provide a simple and noninvasive method for the detection of pathology and therapeutic effects. [18F]-DPA-714 is a second-generation translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography radiotracer that shows great promise in a model of neuroinflammation. In this study, [18F]-DPA-714 micro-PET imaging was used to evaluate retinal inflammation in mice exposed to blue light, a well-established model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) for molecular mechanism research and drug screening. Methods C57BL/6J melanized mice were subjected to 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 lux blue light for 5 days (8 h/day) to develop the retinal injury model, and the structure and function of the retina were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, electroretinography (ERG), and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) immunostaining. Then, [18F]-DPA-714 was injected approximately 100 μCi through each tail vein, and static imaging was performed 1 h after injection. Finally, the mice eyeballs were collected for biodistribution and immune analysis. Results The blue light exposure significantly destroyed the structure and function of the retina, and the uptake of [18F]-DPA-714 in the retinas of the mice exposed to blue light were the most significantly upregulated, which was consistent with the biodistribution data. In addition, the immunohistochemical, western blot, and immunofluorescence data showed an increase in microglial TSPO expression. Conclusions [18F]-DPA-714 micro-PET imaging might be a good method for evaluating early inflammatory status during retinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixiang Zhou
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Shi L, Xia Z, Guo J, Wang L, Peng Z, Qiu D, Zhou Y, Zhou D, Kuang L, Qiu T. Maresin-1 improves LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by inhibiting hippocampal microglial activation. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:261-272. [PMID: 36813041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Maresin-1 is an antiphlogistic agonist synthesized by macrophages from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It has both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties and has been found to enhance neuroprotection and cognitive function. However, there is limited knowledge of its effects on depression and the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the effects of Maresin-1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive symptoms and neuroinflammation were investigated in mice and the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms were further clarified. Maresin-1 treatment (5 μg/kg, i.p.) led to improved tail suspension times, as well as distances moved in an open-field test but it did not improve reductions in sugar-water consumption in mice with depressive-like behaviors induced by LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.); TSPO PETCT scanning showed that Maresin-1 reduced the standardized uptake value (SUV) of [18 F] DPA-714 in brain regions associated with depression (e.g., hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex), while immunofluorescence of hippocampal and indicated that Maresin-1 inhibited microglial activation reducing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and NLRP3. The RNA sequencing of mouse hippocampi showed that genes expressed differentially between Maresin-1-treated and LPS-treated tissue were associated with tight connections between cells and the stress-activated MAPK cascade negative regulatory pathways. Overall, this study demonstrates that peripheral application of Maresin-1 could partially relieve LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors and showed for the first time that this effect was related to its anti-inflammatory action on microglia, thus providing new clues for the pharmacological mechanism underlying the anti-depression properties of Maresin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhu Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiamei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Department of Radiological Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dachuan Qiu
- Department of Radiological Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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TSPO expression in a Zika virus murine infection model as an imaging target for acute infection-induced neuroinflammation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:742-755. [PMID: 36348095 PMCID: PMC9852192 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic human pathogen that causes neuroinflammation, whose hallmark is elevated translocator protein (TSPO) expression in the brain. This study investigates ZIKV-associated changes in adult brain TSPO expression, evaluates the effectiveness of TSPO radioligands in detecting TSPO expression, and identifies cells that drive brain TSPO expression in a mouse infection model. METHODS The interferon-deficient AG129 mouse infected with ZIKV was used as neuroinflammation model. TSPO expression was evaluated by tissue immunostaining. TSPO radioligands, [3H]PK11195 and [18F]FEPPA, were used for in vitro and ex vivo detection of TSPO in infected brains. [18F]FEPPA-PET was used for in vivo detection of TSPO expression. Cell subsets that contribute to TSPO expression were identified by flow cytometry. RESULTS Brain TSPO expression increased with ZIKV disease severity. This increase was contributed by TSPO-positive microglia and infiltrating monocytes; and by influx of TSPO-expressing immune cells into the brain. [3H]PK11195 and [18F]FEPPA distinguish ZIKV-infected brains from normal controls in vitro and ex vivo. [18F]FEPPA brain uptake by PET imaging correlated with disease severity and neuroinflammation. However, TSPO expression by immune cells contributed to significant blood pool [18F]FEPPA activity which could confound [18F]FEPPA-PET imaging results. CONCLUSIONS TSPO is a biologically relevant imaging target for ZIKV neuroinflammation. Brain [18F]FEPPA uptake can be a surrogate marker for ZIKV disease and may be a potential PET imaging marker for ZIKV-induced neuroinflammation. Future TSPO-PET/SPECT studies on viral neuroinflammation and related encephalitis should assess the contribution of immune cells on TSPO expression and employ appropriate image correction methods to subtract blood pool activity.
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Martinez-Orengo N, Tahmazian S, Lai J, Wang Z, Sinharay S, Schreiber-Stainthorp W, Basuli F, Maric D, Reid W, Shah S, Hammoud DA. Assessing organ-level immunoreactivity in a rat model of sepsis using TSPO PET imaging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010263. [PMID: 36439175 PMCID: PMC9685400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is current need for new approaches to assess/measure organ-level immunoreactivity and ensuing dysfunction in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, in order to protect or recover organ function. Using a rat model of systemic sterile inflammatory shock (intravenous LPS administration), we performed PET imaging with a translocator protein (TSPO) tracer, [18F]DPA-714, as a biomarker for reactive immunoreactive changes in the brain and peripheral organs. In vivo dynamic PET/CT scans showed increased [18F]DPA-714 binding in the brain, lungs, liver and bone marrow, 4 hours after LPS injection. Post-LPS mean standard uptake values (SUVmean) at equilibrium were significantly higher in those organs compared to baseline. Changes in spleen [18F]DPA-714 binding were variable but generally decreased after LPS. SUVmean values in all organs, except the spleen, positively correlated with several serum cytokines/chemokines. In vitro measures of TSPO expression and immunofluorescent staining validated the imaging results. Noninvasive molecular imaging with [18F]DPA-714 PET in a rat model of systemic sterile inflammatory shock, along with in vitro measures of TSPO expression, showed brain, liver and lung inflammation, spleen monocytic efflux/lymphocytic activation and suggested increased bone marrow hematopoiesis. TSPO PET imaging can potentially be used to quantify SIRS and sepsis-associated organ-level immunoreactivity and assess the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventative approaches for associated organ failures, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neysha Martinez-Orengo
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarine Tahmazian
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jianhao Lai
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zeping Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sanhita Sinharay
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William Schreiber-Stainthorp
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William Reid
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Swati Shah
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dima A. Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Dima A. Hammoud,
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Victorio CBL, Ong J, Tham JY, Reolo MJ, Novera W, Msallam R, Watanabe S, Kalimuddin S, Low JG, Vasudevan SG, Chacko AM. Preclinical evaluation of [ 18F]FDG-PET as a biomarker of lymphoid tissue disease and inflammation in Zika virus infection. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4516-4528. [PMID: 35876869 PMCID: PMC9309455 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Zika (ZIKV) is a viral inflammatory disease affecting adults, children, and developing fetuses. It is endemic to tropical and sub-tropical countries, resulting in half the global population at risk of infection. Despite this, there are no approved therapies or vaccines against ZIKV disease. Non-invasive imaging biomarkers are potentially valuable tools for studying viral pathogenesis, prognosticating host response to disease, and evaluating in vivo efficacy of experimental therapeutic interventions. In this study, we evaluated [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging biomarker of ZIKV disease in a mouse model and correlated metabolic tracer tissue uptake with real-time biochemical, virological, and inflammatory features of tissue infection. Methods [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed in an acute, lethal ZIKV mouse infection model, at increasing stages of disease severity. [18F]FDG-PET findings were corroborated with ex vivo wholemount-tissue autoradiography and tracer biodistribution studies. Tracer uptake was also correlated with in situ tissue disease status, including viral burden and inflammatory response. Immune profiling of the spleen by flow cytometry was performed to identify the immune cell subsets driving tissue pathology and enhancing tracer uptake in ZIKV disease. Results Foci of increased [18F]FDG uptake were consistently detected in lymphoid tissues—particularly the spleen—of ZIKV-infected animals. Splenic uptake increased with disease severity, and corroborated findings in tissue pathology. Increased splenic uptake also correlated with increased viral replication and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines within these tissues. ZIKV-infected spleens were characterized by increased infiltration of myeloid cells, as well as increased proliferation of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. The increased cell proliferation correlated with increased tracer uptake in the spleen. Our findings support the use of [18F]FDG as an imaging biomarker to detect and track ZIKV disease in real time and highlight the dependency of affected tissue on the nature of the viral infection. Conclusion [18F]FDG uptake in the spleen is a useful surrogate for interrogating in situ tissue viral burden and inflammation status in this ZIKV murine model.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05892-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bianca Luena Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jing Yang Tham
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Marie Jennifer Reolo
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wisna Novera
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Rasha Msallam
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jenny G Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Yan G, Pan D, Wang L, Yang M, Wang K. PET imaging of retinal inflammation in mice exposed to blue light using [ 18F]-DPA-714. Mol Vis 2022; 28:507-515. [PMID: 37089700 PMCID: PMC10115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in high-precision imaging, which may provide a simple and noninvasive method for the detection of pathology and therapeutic effects. [18F]-DPA-714 is a second-generation translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography radiotracer that shows great promise in a model of neuroinflammation. In this study, [18F]-DPA-714 micro-PET imaging was used to evaluate retinal inflammation in mice exposed to blue light, a well-established model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) for molecular mechanism research and drug screening. Methods C57BL/6J melanized mice were subjected to 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 lux blue light for 5 days (8 h/day) to develop the retinal injury model, and the structure and function of the retina were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, electroretinography (ERG), and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) immunostaining. Then, [18F]-DPA-714 was injected approximately 100 μCi through each tail vein, and static imaging was performed 1 h after injection. Finally, the mice eyeballs were collected for biodistribution and immune analysis. Results The blue light exposure significantly destroyed the structure and function of the retina, and the uptake of [18F]-DPA-714 in the retinas of the mice exposed to blue light were the most significantly upregulated, which was consistent with the biodistribution data. In addition, the immunohistochemical, western blot, and immunofluorescence data showed an increase in microglial TSPO expression. Conclusions [18F]-DPA-714 micro-PET imaging might be a good method for evaluating early inflammatory status during retinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixiang Zhou
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Nutma E, Ceyzériat K, Amor S, Tsartsalis S, Millet P, Owen DR, Papadopoulos V, Tournier BB. Cellular sources of TSPO expression in healthy and diseased brain. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:146-163. [PMID: 33433698 PMCID: PMC8712293 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a highly conserved protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. TSPO binding, as measured with positron emission tomography (PET), is considered an in vivo marker of neuroinflammation. Indeed, TSPO expression is altered in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases. In PET studies, the TSPO signal is often viewed as a marker of microglial cell activity. However, there is little evidence in support of a microglia-specific TSPO expression. This review describes the cellular sources and functions of TSPO in animal models of disease and human studies, in health, and in central nervous system diseases. A discussion of methods of analysis and of quantification of TSPO is also presented. Overall, it appears that the alterations of TSPO binding, their cellular underpinnings, and the functional significance of such alterations depend on many factors, notably the pathology or the animal model under study, the disease stage, and the involved brain regions. Thus, further studies are needed to fully determine how changes in TSPO binding occur at the cellular level with the ultimate goal of revealing potential therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nutma
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Ceyzériat
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Millet
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David R Owen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie, 64, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Vhp L, Aragão MM, Pinho RS, Hazin AN, Paciorkowski AR, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Masruha MR. Congenital Zika Virus Infection: a Review with Emphasis on the Spectrum of Brain Abnormalities. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:49. [PMID: 32880775 PMCID: PMC7468090 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review In 2016, the World Health Organization declared the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern following a cluster of associated neurological disorders and neonatal malformations. Our aim is to review the clinical and neuroimaging findings seen in congenital Zika syndrome. Recent Findings ZIKV injures neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus, a brain region important for learning, memory, cognition, and emotion/stress response. Positron emission tomography has revealed global neuroinflammation in ZIKV infection in animal models. Summary Congenital Zika syndrome is associated with a spectrum of brain abnormalities, including microcephaly, parenchymal calcifications, malformations of cortical development and defective neuronal migration, corpus callosum abnormalities, ventriculomegaly, and brainstem and cerebellar abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leão Vhp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Aragão
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S Pinho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A N Hazin
- Department of Radiology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - A R Paciorkowski
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Biomedical Genetics, and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Rodrigues Masruha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Instituto de Neurociência do Espírito Santo, Fausto Vincenzo Tancredi Street, 86, Vitória, ES, 29050-270, Brazil.
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11
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Loth MK, Guariglia SR, Re DB, Perez J, de Paiva VN, Dziedzic JL, Chambers JW, Azzam DJ, Guilarte TR. A Novel Interaction of Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) with NADPH Oxidase in Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4467-4487. [PMID: 32743737 PMCID: PMC7515859 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the brain neuropil, translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a stress response protein that is upregulated in microglia and astrocytes in diverse central nervous system pathologies. TSPO is widely used as a biomarker of neuroinflammation in preclinical and clinical neuroimaging studies. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the function(s) of TSPO in glial cells. In this study, we explored a putative interaction between TSPO and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in microglia. We found that TSPO associates with gp91phox and p22phox, the principal subunits of NOX2 in primary murine microglia. The association of TSPO with gp91phox and p22phox was observed using co-immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence imaging, and proximity ligation assay. We found that besides gp91phox and p22phox, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) also co-immunoprecipitated with TSPO consistent with previous reports. When we compared lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated microglia to vehicle control, we found that a lower amount of gp91phox and p22phox protein co-immunoprecipitated with TSPO suggesting a disruption of the TSPO-NOX2 subunits association. TSPO immuno-gold electron microscopy confirmed that TSPO is present in the outer mitochondrial membrane but it is also found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), and in the plasma membrane. TSPO localization at the MAM may represent a subcellular site where TSPO interacts with gp91phox and p22phox since the MAM is a point of communication between outer mitochondria membrane proteins (TSPO) and ER proteins (gp91phox and p22phox) where they mature and form the cytochrome b558 (Cytb558) heterodimer. We also found that an acute burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased TSPO levels on the surface of microglia and this effect was abrogated by a ROS scavenger. These results suggest that ROS production may alter the subcellular distribution of TSPO. Collectively, our findings suggest that in microglia, TSPO is associated with the major NOX2 subunits gp91phox and p22phox. We hypothesize that this interaction may regulate Cytb558 formation and modulate NOX2 levels, ROS production, and redox homeostasis in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith K Loth
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara R Guariglia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Vanessa Nunes de Paiva
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jennifer L Dziedzic
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeremy W Chambers
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Diana J Azzam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Tomás R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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12
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Pyrazoles as Key Scaffolds for the Development of Fluorine-18-Labeled Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071722. [PMID: 32283680 PMCID: PMC7181023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for increasingly personalized medicine solutions (precision medicine) and quality medical treatments, has led to a growing demand and research for image-guided therapeutic solutions. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technique that can be established using complementary imaging systems and selective imaging agents—chemical probes or radiotracers—which are drugs labeled with a radionuclide, also called radiopharmaceuticals. PET has two complementary purposes: selective imaging for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. The development of selective imaging agents is a growing research area, with a high number of diverse drugs, labeled with different radionuclides, being reported nowadays. This review article is focused on the use of pyrazoles as suitable scaffolds for the development of 18F-labeled radiotracers for PET imaging. A brief introduction to PET and pyrazoles, as key scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, is presented, followed by a description of the most important [18F]pyrazole-derived radiotracers (PET tracers) that have been developed in the last 20 years for selective PET imaging, grouped according to their specific targets.
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13
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Bocan TM, Stafford RG, Brown JL, Akuoku Frimpong J, Basuli F, Hollidge BS, Zhang X, Raju N, Swenson RE, Smith DR. Characterization of Brain Inflammation, Apoptosis, Hypoxia, Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Metabolism in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV TC-83) Exposed Mice by In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111052. [PMID: 31766138 PMCID: PMC6893841 DOI: 10.3390/v11111052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional pathogenesis studies of alphaviruses involves monitoring survival, viremia, and pathogen dissemination via serial necropsies; however, molecular imaging shifts this paradigm and provides a dynamic assessment of pathogen infection. Positron emission tomography (PET) with PET tracers targeted to study neuroinflammation (N,N-diethyl-2-[4-phenyl]-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-acetamide, [18F]DPA-714), apoptosis (caspase-3 substrate, [18F]CP-18), hypoxia (fluormisonidazole, [18F]FMISO), blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity ([18F]albumin), and metabolism (fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]FDG) was performed on C3H/HeN mice infected intranasally with 7000 plaque-forming units (PFU) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) TC-83. The main findings are as follows: (1) whole-brain [18F]DPA-714 and [18F]CP-18 uptake increased three-fold demonstrating, neuroinflammation and apoptosis, respectively; (2) [18F]albumin uptake increased by 25% across the brain demonstrating an altered BBB; (3) [18F]FMISO uptake increased by 50% across the whole brain indicating hypoxic regions; (4) whole-brain [18F]FDG uptake was unaffected; (5) [18F]DPA-714 uptake in (a) cortex, thalamus, striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus increased through day seven and decreased by day 10 post exposure, (b) olfactory bulb increased at day three, peaked day seven, and decreased day 10, and (c) brain stem and cerebellum increased through day 10. In conclusion, intranasal exposure of C3H/HeN mice to VEEV TC-83 results in both time-dependent and regional increases in brain inflammation, apoptosis, and hypoxia, as well as modest decreases in BBB integrity; however, it has no effect on brain glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Bocan
- Translational Sciences Directorate, Countermeasure Development Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA;
- Cherokee Nation Assurance, 777 West Cherokee Street, Catoosa, OK 74015, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(301)-619-2647
| | - Robert G. Stafford
- Translational Sciences Directorate, Countermeasure Development Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Brown
- Foundational Sciences Directorate, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA;
- General Dynamics Information Technology (GDIT), 3211 Jermantown Road, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Justice Akuoku Frimpong
- Foundational Sciences Directorate, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (J.A.F.); (B.S.H.)
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (F.B.); (X.Z.); (N.R.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Bradley S. Hollidge
- Foundational Sciences Directorate, Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (J.A.F.); (B.S.H.)
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (F.B.); (X.Z.); (N.R.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Natarajan Raju
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (F.B.); (X.Z.); (N.R.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (F.B.); (X.Z.); (N.R.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Darci R. Smith
- Immunodiagnostic Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 8400 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA;
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14
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Chesnut M, Muñoz LS, Harris G, Freeman D, Gama L, Pardo CA, Pamies D. In vitro and in silico Models to Study Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Neuropathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:223. [PMID: 31338335 PMCID: PMC6629778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses can cause disease in the nervous system, resulting in a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. Disease models are necessary to understand neuropathogenesis and identify potential therapeutics and vaccines. Non-human primates have been used extensively but present major challenges. Advances have also been made toward the development of humanized mouse models, but these models still do not fully represent human pathophysiology. Recent developments in stem cell technology and cell culture techniques have allowed the development of more physiologically relevant human cell-based models. In silico modeling has also allowed researchers to identify and predict transmission patterns and discover potential vaccine and therapeutic candidates. This review summarizes the research on in vitro and in silico models used to study three mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause neurological disease in humans: West Nile, Dengue, and Zika. We also propose a roadmap for 21st century research on mosquito-borne flavivirus neuropathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Chesnut
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laura S. Muñoz
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georgina Harris
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dana Freeman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carlos A. Pardo
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: David Pamies
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15
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Kendall LV, Owiny JR, Dohm ED, Knapek KJ, Lee ES, Kopanke JH, Fink M, Hansen SA, Ayers JD. Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction in Animal Studies With Biohazardous Agents. ILAR J 2019; 59:177-194. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animal models are critical to the advancement of our knowledge of infectious disease pathogenesis, diagnostics, therapeutics, and prevention strategies. The use of animal models requires thoughtful consideration for their well-being, as infections can significantly impact the general health of an animal and impair their welfare. Application of the 3Rs—replacement, refinement, and reduction—to animal models using biohazardous agents can improve the scientific merit and animal welfare. Replacement of animal models can use in vitro techniques such as cell culture systems, mathematical models, and engineered tissues or invertebrate animal hosts such as amoeba, worms, fruit flies, and cockroaches. Refinements can use a variety of techniques to more closely monitor the course of disease. These include the use of biomarkers, body temperature, behavioral observations, and clinical scoring systems. Reduction is possible using advanced technologies such as in vivo telemetry and imaging, allowing longitudinal assessment of animals during the course of disease. While there is no single method to universally replace, refine, or reduce animal models, the alternatives and techniques discussed are broadly applicable and they should be considered when infectious disease animal models are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lon V Kendall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, and Laboratory Animal Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James R Owiny
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erik D Dohm
- Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Katie J Knapek
- Comparative Medicine Training Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erin S Lee
- Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jennifer H Kopanke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Michael Fink
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah A Hansen
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jessica D Ayers
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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16
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Exploring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus-Induced Hepatic Injury Using Antibody-Mediated Type I Interferon Blockade in Mice. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01083-18. [PMID: 30111561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01083-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) can cause severe hepatic injury in humans. However, the mechanism(s) causing this damage is poorly characterized. CCHFV produces an acute disease, including liver damage, in mice lacking type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling due to either STAT-1 gene deletion or disruption of the IFN-I receptor 1 gene. Here, we explored CCHFV-induced liver pathogenesis in mice using an antibody to disrupt IFN-I signaling. When IFN-I blockade was induced within 24 h postexposure to CCHFV, mice developed severe disease with greater than 95% mortality by 6 days postexposure. In addition, we observed increased proinflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants, and liver enzymes in these mice. Extensive liver damage was evident by 4 days postexposure and was characterized by hepatocyte necrosis and the loss of CLEC4F-positive Kupffer cells. Similar experiments in CCHFV-exposed NOD-SCID-γ (NSG), Rag2-deficient, and perforin-deficient mice also demonstrated liver injury, suggesting that cytotoxic immune cells are dispensable for hepatic damage. Some apoptotic liver cells contained viral RNA, while other apoptotic liver cells were negative, suggesting that cell death occurred by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Protein and transcriptional analysis of livers revealed that activation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily members occurred by day 4 postexposure, implicating these molecules as factors in liver cell death. These data provide insights into CCHFV-induced hepatic injury and demonstrate the utility of antibody-mediated IFN-I blockade in the study of CCHFV pathogenesis in mice.IMPORTANCE CCHFV is an important human pathogen that is both endemic and emerging throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. A common feature of acute disease is liver injury ranging from mild to fulminant hepatic failure. The processes through which CCHFV induces severe liver injury are unclear, mostly due to the limitations of existing small-animal systems. The only small-animal model in which CCHFV consistently produces severe liver damage is mice lacking IFN-I signaling. In this study, we used antibody-mediated blockade of IFN-I signaling in mice to study CCHFV liver pathogenesis in various transgenic mouse systems. We found that liver injury did not depend on cytotoxic immune cells and observed extensive activation of death receptor signaling pathways in the liver during acute disease. Furthermore, acute CCHFV infection resulted in a nearly complete loss of Kupffer cells. Our model system provides insight into both the molecular and the cellular features of CCHFV hepatic injury.
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17
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Rajamani S, Kuszpit K, Scarff JM, Lundh L, Khan M, Brown J, Stafford R, Cazares LH, Panchal RG, Bocan T. Bioengineering of bacterial pathogens for noninvasive imaging and in vivo evaluation of therapeutics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12618. [PMID: 30135466 PMCID: PMC6105664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical bacterial pathogens of public health and biodefense concerns were engineered to constitutively express Escherichia coli enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) that allows for noninvasive nuclear imaging via phosphorylation and entrapment of radiolabeled nucleoside analog 1-(2′deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU). Expression of functional TK was established using a nucleoside analog Zidovudine that impeded the growth of tk-engineered bacteria. Significantly, no observable growth differences were detected for FIAU. High resolution mass spectrometry with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its tk variant (PAO1TK) confirmed FIAU phosphorylation and retention only in PAO1TK. In vitro gamma counting with wild-type PAO1, Acinetobacter baumannii and Burkholderia pseudomallei Bp82 and their tk derivatives with [18F]FIAU further confirmed that tk variants selectively incorporated the radiotracer, albeit with varying efficiencies. In vitro [18F]FIAU labeling coupled with in vivo Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging of PAO1 and PAO1TK confirmed that only PAO1TK can be imaged in mice at sensitivities ≥107 bacteria per infection site. This was further verified by administering [18F]FIAU to animals infected with PAO1 and PAO1TK. Utility of tk-engineered P. aeruginosa in noninvasive PET/CT imaging for bacterial therapeutic evaluation in animals was demonstrated employing antibiotic ciprofloxacin, underscoring the immediate use of PAO1TK and potentially other engineered pathogens for evaluating experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Rajamani
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States.
| | - Kyle Kuszpit
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Jennifer M Scarff
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Linnea Lundh
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Maisha Khan
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Jennifer Brown
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Robert Stafford
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Lisa H Cazares
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Thomas Bocan
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States.
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18
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Smith DR, Bocan TM. Could PET imaging provide insights into Zika virus neurological sequelae progression? Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darci R Smith
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Thomas M Bocan
- Molecular & Translational Sciences Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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