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Costa PCT, de Souza JR, Lima PC, Duarte DB, Viana das Neves TAF, Pereira JKG, Silva-Luis CC, de Moraes RCS, Braga VDA, de Souza EL, Martins VJB, de Brito Alves JL. Evaluation of cardiac autonomic function and low-grade inflammation in children with obesity living in the Northeast Brazilian region. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:74-80. [PMID: 37597533 PMCID: PMC10751692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate autonomic function and low-grade inflammation and characterize the correlation between these variables in schoolchildren with obesity living in the Brazilian northeast region. METHODS 84 children with obesity and 41 with normal weight were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure (BP), inflammatory biomarkers, and heart rate variability (HRV) indexes were analyzed in children aged 7 to 11 years. RESULTS children with obesity had increased systolic (p = 0.0017) and diastolic (p = 0.0131) BP and heart rate (p = 0.0022). The children with obesity displayed significantly lower SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, HF (ms), HF (nu), SD1, SD2, and higher LF (ms), LF (nu), LF/HF, SD1/SD2, DFA-α1, and DFA-α2, compared to normal weight. A lower and higher capacity for producing IL-10 (p = 0.039) and IL-2 (p = 0.009), respectively, were found in children with obesity compared to children with normal weight. Although IL-2, IL-4 and IL17A did not correlate with HRV parameters, IL-6 was positively correlated with SDNN, LF (ms) and SD2, TNF-α was positively correlated with LF/HF and SD1/SD2 ratio, and IFN-γ was positively correlated with SDNN, RMMSSD, NN50, LF (ms), HF (ms), SD1, and SD2. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that children with obesity have impaired autonomic function and systemic low-grade inflammation compared to children within the normal weight range, the inflammatory biomarkers were correlated with HRV parameters in schoolchildren living in the northeastern region of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Poliana Correia Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Nutrição, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Naddei R, Alfani R, Bove M, Discepolo V, Mozzillo F, Guarino A, Alessio M. Increased Relapse Rate During COVID-19 Lockdown in an Italian Cohort of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022; 75:326-331. [PMID: 34397168 PMCID: PMC8426691 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes of routine disease management associated with COVID-19 lockdown might have potentially affected the clinical course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of our study was to assess the rate of disease flare before and during COVID-19 lockdown to investigate its impact on disease course in children with JIA. METHODS A single-center retrospective study was conducted, including patients presenting with inactive JIA between September 1, 2018 and March 9, 2019 (group A) and between September 1, 2019 and March 9, 2020 (group B). For each patient, demographic and clinical data were collected. The rate of JIA flare from March 10, 2019 to June 30, 2019 for group A and from March 10, 2020 to June 30, 2020 for group B was compared. RESULTS Group A included 126 patients, and group B 124 patients. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences among the 2 cohorts with respect to age, sex, age at JIA onset, JIA subtype, co-occurrence of uveitis, antinuclear antibody positivity, and past or ongoing medications. The rate of disease flare during lockdown at the time of the first COVID-19 pandemic wave was significantly higher in comparison to the previous year (16.9% versus 6.3%; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our study showed that COVID-19 lockdown was associated with a higher rate of joint inflammation in children with JIA. This finding has a considerable clinical implication, as restrictive measures may be necessary in order to contain pandemics. Our data highlight the need for rearrangement in the home and health care management of children with JIA during lockdowns.
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Estébanez B, Huang CJ, Rivera-Viloria M, González-Gallego J, Cuevas MJ. Exercise Outcomes in Childhood Obesity-Related Inflammation and Oxidative Status. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886291. [PMID: 35859754 PMCID: PMC9289530 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is identified as one of the major public health issues to increase the risk for cardiometabolic diseases and related complications in adulthood. The literature has supported inflammation and oxidative stress as the primary underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. Epidemiological evidence consistently shows the benefits of physical activity in the improvement of obesity-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress status. In this narrative mini-review, the available scientific evidence on the potential effects of exercise in alleviating these susceptibilities in childhood obesity will be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisamar Estébanez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- *Correspondence: Brisamar Estébanez,
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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Use of Physical Activity and Exercise to Reduce Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116908. [PMID: 35682490 PMCID: PMC9180584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a leading public health problem worldwide, as it is increasingly prevalent and therefore responsible for serious obesity-related comorbidities, not only in childhood but also in adulthood. In addition to cardio-metabolic obesity-related disorders, recent evidence suggests that excess adipose tissue in turn is associated with immune cell infiltration, increased adipokine release, and the development of low-grade systemic inflammation obesity. Exercise is considered a non-pharmacological intervention that can delay obesity-related comorbidities, improving cardiovascular fitness and modulating the inflammatory processes. It has been reported that the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise may be mediated by a reduction in visceral fat mass, with a subsequent decrease in the release of adipokines from adipose tissue (AT) and/or by the induction of an anti-inflammatory environment. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of AT as an endocrine organ associated with chronic inflammation and its role in obesity-related complications, focusing on the effect of exercise in reducing inflammation in children and adolescents with obesity. Regular physical exercise must be considered as a natural part of a healthy lifestyle, and promoting physical activity starting from childhood is useful to limit the negative effects of obesity on health. The crucial role of the immune system in the development of obesity-induced inflammatory processes and the efficacy of exercise as an anti-inflammatory, non-pharmacological intervention may provide possible targets for the development of new treatments and early preventive strategies.
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Zago M, Lovecchio N, Galli M. Players at home: Physical activity and quality of life in 12-17 years-old football (soccer) players during the Covid-19 lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING 2022; 17:626-636. [PMID: 35663129 PMCID: PMC9086221 DOI: 10.1177/17479541211041703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive preventive actions were required to face the Covid-19 outbreak. However, from March 2020 on, many healthy youth football players have seen their sporting activities disrupted by the restrictions on outdoor exercise.This study describes physical activity and quality of life during April 2020 lockdown of young people participating in organized football. METHODS 1163 young football players aged 12-17 years (185 girls) completed a web-based questionnaire including the Youth Physical Activity and the Youth Quality of Life-Short Form Questionnaires; information on lifestyle and football-specific activity were also collected. Differences according to sex, urban/rural context and élite/non-élite club level were tested using a 2 × 2 × 2 MANOVA (age considered as a covariate). RESULTS We found that: (i) on average, exposure to football accounted for 3.2 hours/week, was higher in élite clubs and changed in nature, being mainly performed individually; 19% of participants practiced football <1 hour/week; (ii) only 56% of the participants reported 7 or more hours/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, which decreased with age and changed according to the geographical context; (iii) perceived quality of life was lower in youth playing for non-elite clubs and in older girls; (iv) coaches, rather that official initiatives, were the primary source of football exercises practiced at home. CONCLUSION A status of limited physical activity emerged; this might lead to deconditioning and susceptibility to injuries when football could restart. Governing bodies, football Associations and clubs could exploit these results to take informed decisions and support evidence-based interventions during and after the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zago
- Matteo Zago, Dipartimento di Meccanica, via
La Masa 1, Milano 20156, Italy.
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Hamilton A, Rizzo R, Brod S, Ono M, Perretti M, Cooper D, D'Acquisto F. The immunomodulatory effects of social isolation in mice are linked to temperature control. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:179-194. [PMID: 35217174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Living in isolation is considered an emerging societal problem that negatively affects the physical wellbeing of its sufferers in ways that we are just starting to appreciate. This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of social isolation in mice, utilising a two-week program of sole cage occupancy followed by the testing of immune-inflammatory resilience to bacterial sepsis. Our results revealed that mice housed in social isolation showed an increased ability to clear bacterial infection compared to control socially housed animals. These effects were associated with specific changes in whole blood gene expression profile and an increased production of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, equipping socially isolated mice with artificial nests as a substitute for their natural huddling behaviour reversed the increased resistance to bacterial sepsis. Together these results suggest that the control of body temperature through social housing and huddling behaviour are important factors in the regulation of the host immune response to infection in mice and might provide another example of the many ways by which living conditions influence immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hamilton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Raffaella Rizzo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Brod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- University of London Imperial College Science Technology & Medicine, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Natural Science, London SW7 2AZ, England
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; School of Life and Health Science, University of Roehampton, London SW15, 4JD, UK.
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Paterson DC, Ramage K, Moore SA, Riazi N, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G. Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the movement behaviors of children and youth: A scoping review of evidence after the first year. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:675-689. [PMID: 34237456 PMCID: PMC8687706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this scoping review was to summarize systematically the available literature investigating the relationships between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) of school-aged children (aged 5-11 years) and youth (aged 12-17 years) in the first year of the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS Searches for published literature were conducted across 6 databases on 2 separate search dates (November 25, 2020, and January 27, 2021). Results were screened and extracted by 2 reviewers (DCP and KR) independently, using Covidence. Basic numeric analysis and content analysis were undertaken to present thematically the findings of included studies according to the associated impact on each movement behavior. RESULTS A total of 1486 records were extracted from database searches; of those, 150 met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Of 150 articles, 110 were empirical studies examining physical activity (n = 77), sedentary behavior/screen time (n = 58), and sleep (n = 55). Results consistently reported declines in physical-activity time, increases in screen time and total sedentary behavior, shifts to later bed and wake times, and increases in sleep duration. The reported impacts on movement behaviors were greater for youth than for children. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic is related to changes in the quantity and nature of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep among children and youth. There is an urgent need for policy makers, practitioners, and researchers to develop solutions for attenuating adverse changes in physical activity and screen time among children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Paterson
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Katelynn Ramage
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Negin Riazi
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 5B2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Ferrante G, Mollicone D, Cazzato S, Lombardi E, Pifferi M, Turchetta A, Tancredi G, La Grutta S. COVID-19 Pandemic and Reduced Physical Activity: Is There an Impact on Healthy and Asthmatic Children? Front Pediatr 2021; 9:695703. [PMID: 34568238 PMCID: PMC8456015 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.695703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has been seen to improve asthma symptoms, lung function, and quality of life, as well as to reduce airway inflammation and bronchial responsiveness. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the minimal amount of PA recommended by the World Health Organization-i.e., about 60 min/day of moderate-to-high intensity-is difficult to achieve for many children, particularly those living in urban areas. Short-term changes in PA because of the COVID-19 pandemic may become habitual, increasing the risk of adverse asthma outcomes in children. Indeed, prolonged home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic reduces PA levels and increases sedentary behaviors, possibly impairing immune system function and increasing susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of lockdown due to COVID-19 on PA and sedentary behaviors in asthmatic children. Given that children stay longer indoors, indoor air pollution represents a major issue to consider during home confinement. This narrative review aims to summarize the available evidence about the impact of decreased PA and increased sedentary behaviors on children with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, strategies for supporting PA in children with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic are suggested, also looking at the issue of indoor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Ferrante
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother, and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Desiree Mollicone
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cazzato
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Lombardi
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Meyer Pediatric University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Pifferi
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania La Grutta
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), Palermo, Italy
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