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Yuan L, Wu Y, Fan Q, Li P, Liang J, Liu YH, Ma R, Li R, Shi L. Influence mechanism of organic matter and low-molecular-weight organic acids on the interaction between minerals and PAHs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160872. [PMID: 36521591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Investigate the effect of soil organic matter (SOM) and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on minerals adsorption of PAHs. Batch adsorption experiments have been carried out to study the adsorption of PAHs (Naphthalene (NaP), Phenanthrene (Phe) and Pyrene (Pyr)) by minerals (Montmorillonite (Mnt), kaolinite (Kln) and calcite (Cal)). This research found that compared with Kln and Cal, Mnt showed the maximum adsorption capability for PAHs. And the order of PAHs adsorption by Mnt was: Pyr > Phe > Nap, which corresponds to the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of different PAHs. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm were well fitted by Pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Freundlich and Linear isotherm model. Furthermore, inorganic ions (Ca2+) impacted PAHs adsorption by competitive adsorption and cation-π interactive. Cal has the maximum desorption of PAHs among three minerals, and there was desorption hysteresis phenomenon. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (Fe-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that SOM enhanced the sorption of PAHs by van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and chemical bonding. LMWOAs significantly inhibited PAHs adsorption and promote PAHs desorption from the minerals. As a result, LMWOAs increased of PAHs bioavailability, which provide a new strategy to improve PAHs cleanup efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmiao Yuan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingqin Wu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou 730046, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou 730046, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou 730046, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Hong Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - LeiPing Shi
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Qiao Z, Hu S, Wu Y, Sun R, Liu X, Chan J. Changes in the fluorescence intensity, degradability, and aromaticity of organic carbon in ammonium and phenanthrene-polluted aquatic ecosystems. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1066-1076. [PMID: 35423689 PMCID: PMC8693519 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08655j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed cultures were established by a sediment to investigate the changes in organic carbon (C) in a combined ammonium and phenanthrene biotransformation process in aquatic ecosystems. The microorganisms in the sediment demonstrated significant ammonium-N and phenanthrene biotransformation capacity with removal efficiencies of 99.96% and 99.99%, respectively. The changes in the organic C characteristics were evaluated by the fluorescence intensity, degradability (humification index (HIX) and UV absorbance at 254 nm (A254)), aromaticity (specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) and fluorescence index (FI)). Compared with C2 (the second control), the lower values of fluorescence intensity (after the 15th d), HIX (after the 8th d), A254 (after the 11th d), and SUVA254 (after the 8th d) and the higher FI value (after the 8th d) in ammonium and phenanthrene-fed mixed cultures (N_PHE) suggest that aromatic structures and some condensed molecules were easier to break down in N_PHE. Similar results were obtained from Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra. Changes in organic C characteristics may be due to two key organisms Massilia and Azohydromonas. The biodiversity also suggested that the selective pressure of ammonium and phenanthrene is the decisive factor for changes in organic C characteristics. This study will shed light on theoretical insights into the interaction of N and aromatic compounds in aquatic ecosystems. Mixed cultures were established by a sediment to investigate the changes in organic carbon (C) in a combined ammonium and phenanthrene biotransformation process in aquatic ecosystems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Qiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Sihai Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Yaoguo Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
| | - Jiangwei Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710129
- China
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Zhang X, Chen J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zou Y, Yuan J. Study on removal of pyrene by Agropyron cristatum L. in pyrene-Ni co-contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:313-321. [PMID: 31522526 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1663481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) co-contamination in the soil is widespread. Phytoremediation is often used to remediate co-contaminated soil, but few studies focused on the effects of nickel on the dissipation and uptake of pyrene in phytoremediation. The dissipation of pyrene, the uptake, and distribution of pyrene in Agropyron cristatum L. (A. cristatum) were investigated in this study in the presence of nickel. The pyrene removal rate in single pyrene-contaminated soil with A. cristatum cultivation (48.97%) was the highest, which was higher than that of the co-contamination (47.88%). This was due to the high soil microbial activity and high dissolved organic matter (DOM) contents. In single pyrene-contaminated soil, pyrene was mainly accumulated in the soluble fraction in shoots and on the cell wall in roots of A. cristatuma. Besides, nickel could promote the adsorption of pyrene on the cell wall. Pyrene in A. cristatum could be transported through the apoplast and symplast, and the pyrene contents in the symplast were 2-3 times that of the apoplast. The uptake of pyrene by A. cristatum included both active absorption and passive transportation. Active absorption involved H+ transport and energy conversion processes, and passive transport was associated with water protein channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Contaminated Site Remediation Technology Research Center, Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- SGIDI Engineering Consulting (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Zou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxi Yuan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Liu G, Bian Y, Jia M, Boughner LA, Gu C, Song Y, Sheng H, Zhao W, Jiang X, Wang F. Effect of extracellular polymeric substance components on the sorption behavior of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether to soils: Kinetics and isotherms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:144-152. [PMID: 28735091 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) commonly exist in the soil environment. Currently, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effect of EPS on the fate of POPs in soil. In the present study, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) was used as a model compound to investigate the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA) - mimicking the main components of EPS - on sorption of POPs to soils, through batch experiments. Irrespective of the concentration of BSA: the addition of BSA did enhance the sorption capacity of BDE-47 to soils, due to generation of more sorption sites. For SA, it increased the sorption capacity of BDE-47 at low BDE-47 concentrations, while the presence of SA negatively affected sorption of BDE-47 at high BDE-47 concentrations. The partition effect dominates the sorption of BDE-47 to soils, but after adding either BSA or SA, the sorption of BDE-47 to soils is dominated by surface sorption. Film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion were also involved in the sorption process with and without BSA or SA, with the latter being the rate-limiting step. The heterogeneous surface and nonlinear sorption behavior of BDE-47 to soils increased in the presence of either BSA or SA. The FTIR spectra indicated that the aromatic CC, H-bonds and OH groups may be involved in the sorption process. Therefore, BSA enhanced the retention of BDE-47 to soil, while SA's influence on BDE-47 sorption to soil depended on the concentration of BDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingyun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lisa A Boughner
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Chenggang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongjie Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Sun C, Ma Q, Zhang J, Zhou M, Chen Y. Predicting seasonal fate of phenanthrene in aquatic environment with a Markov chain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16661-16670. [PMID: 27180837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe) with carcinogenicity is ubiquitous in the environment, especially in aquatic environment; its toxicity is greater. To help determine toxicity risk and remediation strategies, this study predicted seasonal fate of Phe in aquatic environment. Candidate mechanisms including biodegradation, sorption, desorption, photodegradation, hydrolysis and volatility were studied; the results for experiments under simulated conditions for normal, wet and dry seasons in the Yinma River Basin indicated that biodegradation in sediment, sorption, desorption, and volatility were important pathways for elimination of Phe from aquatic environment and showed seasonal variations. A microcosm which was used to mimic sediment/water system was set up to illustrate seasonal distribution and transport of Phe. A Markov chain was applied to predict seasonal fate of Phe in air/water/sediment environment, the predicted results were perfectly agreed with results of microcosm experiments. Predicted results with a Markov chain suggested that volatility and biodegradation in sediment were main elimination pathways, and contributions of elimination pathways showed seasonal variations; Phe was eliminated from water and sediment to negligible levels over around 250 h in August and over 1000 h in May; in November, Phe was eliminated from water to a negligible level while about 31 % of Phe amount still remained in sediment over 1000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Sun
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, Department of Environment, Northeast Normal University, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Ma
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, Department of Environment, Northeast Normal University, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, Department of Environment, Northeast Normal University, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mo Zhou
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, Department of Environment, Northeast Normal University, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, Department of Environment, Northeast Normal University, NO. 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
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Marquès M, Mari M, Audí-Miró C, Sierra J, Soler A, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils under a climate change base scenario. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 148:495-503. [PMID: 26841292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two typical Mediterranean soils, either coarse- or fine-textured, was here investigated. Soil samples, spiked with the 16 US EPA priority PAHs, were incubated in a climate chamber at stable conditions of temperature (20 °C) and light (9.6 W m(-2)) for 28 days, simulating a climate change base scenario. PAH concentrations in soils were analyzed throughout the experiment, and correlated with data obtained by means of Microtox(®) ecotoxicity test. Photodegradation was found to be dependent on exposure time, molecular weight of each hydrocarbon, and soil texture. Fine-textured soil was able to enhance sorption, being PAHs more photodegraded than in coarse-textured soil. According to the EC50 values reported by Microtox(®), a higher detoxification was observed in fine-textured soil, being correlated with the outcomes of the analytical study. Significant photodegradation rates were detected for a number of PAHs, namely phenanthrene, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and indeno(123-cd)pyrene. Benzo(a)pyrene, commonly used as an indicator for PAH pollution, was completely removed after 7 days of light exposure. In addition to the PAH chemical analysis and the ecotoxicity tests, a hydrogen isotope analysis of benzo(a)pyrene was also carried out. The degradation of this specific compound was associated to a high enrichment in (2)H, obtaining a maximum δ(2)H isotopic shift of +232‰. This strong isotopic effect observed in benzo(a)pyrene suggests that compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) may be a powerful tool to monitor in situ degradation of PAHs. Moreover, hydrogen isotopes of benzo(a)pyrene evidenced a degradation process of unknown origin occurring in the darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Mari
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Audí-Miró
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, SIMGEO UB-CSIC, Universitat de Barcelona UB, Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Soler
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Geoquímica de Fluids, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, SIMGEO UB-CSIC, Universitat de Barcelona UB, Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Wang P, Hua Z, Cai Y, Shen X, Li Q, Liu X. Effects of hydrodynamic conditions on the sorption behaviors of aniline on sediment with coexistence of nitrobenzene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11595-11605. [PMID: 25843823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sorption behaviors of pollutants affected by hydrodynamic conditions were confirmed in natural water environment. The effects of hydrodynamic conditions on the sorption behaviors of aniline on sediment with coexistence of nitrobenzene were investigated. The particle entrainment simulator (PES) was used to simulate varied bottom shear stresses. The batch equilibrium method was applied to the experiments with the stress levels and the action time controlled at 0.2-0.5 N/m(2) and 24 h, respectively. The findings indicated that apparent partition coefficient of aniline on sediment increased with the shear stress significantly, while decreased with nitrobenzene concentration. On the contrary, both the sorption amount of aniline on suspended particulate matter (Q s) and the effect of nitrobenzene concentration on Q s declined as the shear stress increased. The sorption kinetic results showed that the sorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation, and the process included two stages: fast sorption stage and slow sorption stage, among which the average sorption rate of fast stage was 7.5-9.5 times that of slow one. The effect of shear stress on the average sorption rate of aniline was enhanced with the increase of nitrobenzene concentration. And shear stress weakened the disturbance of cosolute on main solute sorption process. In addition, experiment results of sorption kinetic show that only the initial sorption rate was affected by shear stress and cosolute concentration. In the first 5 min, shear stress had positive effects on the sorption rate. After that, the sorption rate barely changed with shear stress and cosolute concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China,
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Hu S, Lu C, Zhang C. Amplified solubilization effects of inherent dissolved organic matter releasing from less-humified sediment on phenanthrene sorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11955-11965. [PMID: 25869431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil/sediment organic matter (SOM) releasing with inherent dissolved organic matter (DOM) formed in solution was confirmed both in rhizosphere sediment (S) and uncultivated sediment (P) water systems, and correlations between SOM characteristics subject to sediment's humification degree and its releasing effects on phenanthrene sorption were emphasized. The sequential SOM releasing evidenced by fluorescence and (1)H-NMR profiles coupled with aqueous DOM solubilization was found to make sorption kinetics atypical and sorption capacity reduced, by comparing sorption results among sediments of different pretreatments. More importantly, the tested S was proved less humified with inherent DOM rich in microbial sources than P, and DOM affinity to phenanthrene was thus weakened (K doc values of 2.02-3.63 × 10(4) L kg(-1)), while the inhibitive effects of SOM releasing on sorption were strengthened, ascribing to the enlarged alterations of sediment characters, and particularly the amplified solubilization effects resulted from the larger proportion of soluble SOM and lower critical micelle concentration (5.66 mg L(-1)) of DOM. Moreover, relative contribution of DOM solubilization to the releasing effects enhanced from 0.67 for P to 0.78 for S relative to alterations of sediment characters. Consequently, mobility and exposure risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons would be enhanced in a plant-soil/sediment-water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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