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Wang J, Zhang L, He Y, Ji R. Biodegradation of phenolic pollutants and bioaugmentation strategies: A review of current knowledge and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133906. [PMID: 38430590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of phenolic compounds renders their occurrence in various environmental matrices, posing ecological risks especially the endocrine disruption effects. Biodegradation-based techniques are efficient and cost-effective in degrading phenolic pollutants with less production of secondary pollution. This review focuses on phenol, 4-nonylphenol, 4-nitrophenol, bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A as the representatives, and summarizes the current knowledge and future perspectives of their biodegradation and the enhancement strategy of bioaugmentation. Biodegradation and isolation of degrading microorganisms were mainly investigated under oxic conditions, where phenolic pollutants are typically hydroxylated to 4-hydroxybenzoate or hydroquinone prior to ring opening. Bioaugmentation efficiencies of phenolic pollutants significantly vary under different application conditions (e.g., increased degradation by 10-95% in soil and sediment). To optimize degradation of phenolic pollutants in different matrices, the factors that influence biodegradation capacity of microorganisms and performance of bioaugmentation are discussed. The use of immobilization strategy, indigenous degrading bacteria, and highly competent exogenous bacteria are proposed to facilitate the bioaugmentation process. Further studies are suggested to illustrate 1) biodegradation of phenolic pollutants under anoxic conditions, 2) application of microbial consortia with synergistic effects for phenolic pollutant degradation, and 3) assessment on the uncertain ecological risks associated with bioaugmentation, resulting from changes in degradation pathway of phenolic pollutants and alterations in structure and function of indigenous microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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Bhandari G, Bagheri AR, Bhatt P, Bilal M. Occurrence, potential ecological risks, and degradation of endocrine disrupter, nonylphenol, from the aqueous environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:130013. [PMID: 33647677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is considered a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical affecting humans and the environment. Due to widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment and neuro-, immuno, reproductive, and estrogenic effects, nonylphenol calls for considerable attention from the scientific community, researchers, government officials, and the public. It can persist in the environment, especially soil, for a long duration because of its high hydrophobic nature. Nonylphenol is incorporated into the water matrices via agricultural run-off, wastewater effluents, agricultural sources, and groundwater leakage from the soil. In this regard, assessment of the source, fate, toxic effect, and removal of nonylphenol seems a high-priority concern. Remediation of nonylphenol is possible through physicochemical and microbial methods. Microbial methods are widely used due to ecofriendly in nature. The microbial strains of the genera, Sphingomonas, Sphingobium, Pseudomonas, Pseudoxanthomonas, Thauera, Novosphingonium, Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Clostridium, Arthrobacter, Acidovorax, Maricurvus, Rhizobium, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter, Aspergillus, Pleurotus, Trametes, Clavariopsis, Candida, Phanerochaete, Bjerkandera, Mucor, Fusarium and Metarhizium have been reported for their potential role in the degradation of NP via its metabolic pathway. This study outlines the recent information on the occurrence, origin, and potential ecological and human-related risks of nonylphenol. The current development in the removal of nonylphenol from the environment using different methods is discussed. Despite the significant importance of nonylphenol and its effects on the environment, the number of studies in this area is limited. This review gives an in-depth understanding of NP occurrence, fate, toxicity, and remediation from the environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
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Lou L, Huang Q, Lou Y, Lu J, Hu B, Lin Q. Adsorption and degradation in the removal of nonylphenol from water by cells immobilized on biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:676-684. [PMID: 31063914 PMCID: PMC6771920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of adsorption by biochar and biodegradation by bacteria in the wastewater treatment system of microorganisms immobilized on biochar, Nonylphenol (NP) removal (adsorption + degradation) rates and degradation rates from water by NP degrading bacteria immobilized on bamboo charcoal (BC) and wood charcoal (WC) were examined in a short-term and long-term. Results showed that cells immobilized on different biochar had different NP removal effects, and cells immobilized on bamboo charcoal (I-BC) was better. After eight rounds of long-term reuse, the cumulative removal rate and the degradation rate of NP in water by I-BC were 93.95% and 41.86%, respectively, significantly higher than those of cells immobilized on wood charcoal (69.60%, 22.78%) and free cells (64.79%, 19.49%) (P < 0.01). The rise in the ratio of the degradation rate to the removal rate indicated that the long-term NP removal effect is more dependent on biodegradation. The amount of residual NP in I-BC still accounted for about 50%, indicating that the secondary pollution in the disposal of carrier could not be ignored. In addition, promotion effect of biochar on microorganisms were observed by SEM, quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA. Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Ochrobactrum and Stenotrophomonas were predominant bacteria for NP degradation. The addition of biochar (especially bamboo charcoal) also effectively delayed the transformation of their community structure.
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MESH Headings
- Adsorption
- Bacteria/genetics
- Bacteria/metabolism
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- Bioreactors/microbiology
- Cells, Immobilized
- Charcoal/chemistry
- Microbial Consortia/genetics
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Phenols/chemistry
- Phenols/isolation & purification
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
- Sasa/chemistry
- Waste Disposal, Fluid/instrumentation
- Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods
- Wastewater/chemistry
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China; Academy of Environmental Planning & Design, Co., Ltd., Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiling Lou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310020, People's Republic of China.
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Pan Y, Yang X, Sun G, Xu M. Functional response of sediment bacterial community to iron-reducing bioaugmentation with Shewanella decolorationis S12. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4997-5005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Duan X, Wang X, Xie J, Feng L, Yan Y, Wang F, Zhou Q. Acidogenic bacteria assisted biodegradation of nonylphenol in waste activated sludge during anaerobic fermentation for short-chain fatty acids production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:692-699. [PMID: 30144744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) biodegradation under anaerobic conditions is difficult. Here, enhancement of anaerobic NP biodegradation mainly by regulating the role of acidogenic bacteria during anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) for short-chain fatty acids production is reported. The maximum degradation efficiency of NP (69.4%) was achieved under conditions of pH 10.0 and 10 mg/L Brij 35 within 8 d, which was nearly 3-fold of that in the control (24.6%). Mechanism exploration revealed that the bioavailability of NP and specific NP-degrading bacteria and their functional genes were advantageous to NP biodegradation with alkaline pH and surfactant. More importantly, acidogenic bacteria, the dominant functional bacteria in WAS fermentation systems, were demonstrated to be involved in NP anaerobic biodegradation by providing intermediate organic substrates, as well as through their intrinsic NP-degrading abilities. Possible pathways of NP biodegradation assisted by acidogenic bacteria during anaerobic fermentation were also proposed based on the detected metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Leiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Research & Service Center for Environmental Industry, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Chang S, Tang Y, Dong L, Zhan Q, Xu W. Impacts of sewer deposits on the urban river sediment after rainy season and bioremediation of polluted sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12588-12599. [PMID: 29468390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of deposits discharged from a municipal pipe on urban river sediment were investigated in the Hucang River in Tianjin, China. At the outlet of the pump station, the average concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC) in the sediment increased sharply from 2390, 799, and 14,600 mg/kg to 6500, 3700, and 153,000 mg/kg, respectively, and remained stable at high level after the rainy season. A portion of pollutants would migrate along the river, and the concentration was usually in a negative relationship with the distance. The average Shannon-Wiener value on the upstream section was higher than those on the downstream sections. This revealed that the deposits discharged decreased the bacterial diversity in the sediment, and high concentrations of pollutants may markedly change the bacterial community structure in the sediment. To reduce the pollution of the urban river after rainy season, four kinds of microbial consortiums A (Zhangda), B (Aiersi), C (Qinghe), and D (Inpipe) were applied to bioremediate the polluted sediment in lab scale. Bioaugmentation with microbial consortium A showed good performance on the bioremediation of the polluted sediment. The average removal efficiency of TN, TP, and organic matter reached 35.5, 43.7, and 39.1%, respectively, after 22 days of treatment. Moreover, the bacterial evenness and diversity in the sediment markedly increased, indicating that the microbial environment was more favourable after bioaugmentation and sustainable development would be guaranteed. This study improves our understanding of the impacts of deposits discharged from a stormwater drain system on urban river sediment, and explores the effectiveness of bioaugmentation for the bioremediation of polluted sediment, which will provide the basis of sewer deposit pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Chang
- Tianjin Hydraulic Research Institute, Tianjin, 300061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinqi Tang
- Urban Planning and Design Institute of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518034, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Tianjin Hydraulic Research Institute, Tianjin, 300061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhan
- Tianjin Hydraulic Research Institute, Tianjin, 300061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tianjin Hydraulic Research Institute, Tianjin, 300061, People's Republic of China
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Bai Y, Chang Y, Liang J, Chen C, Qu J. Treatment of groundwater containing Mn(II), Fe(II), As(III) and Sb(III) by bioaugmented quartz-sand filters. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:126-134. [PMID: 27705818 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of iron (Fe(II)) and manganese (Mn(II)) often occur simultaneously in groundwater. Previously, we demonstrated that Fe(II) and Mn(II) could be oxidized to biogenic Fe-Mn oxides (BFMO) via aeration and microbial oxidation, and the formed BFMO could further oxidize and adsorb other pollutants (e.g., arsenic (As(III)) and antimony (Sb(III))). To apply this finding to groundwater remediation, we established four quartz-sand columns for treating groundwater containing Fe(II), Mn(II), As(III), and Sb(III). A Mn-oxidizing bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. QJX-1) was inoculated into two parallel bioaugmented columns. Long-term treatment (120 d) showed that bioaugmentation accelerated the formation of Fe-Mn oxides, resulting in an increase in As and Sb removal. The bioaugmented columns also exhibited higher overall treatment effect and anti-shock load capacity than that of the non-bioaugmented columns. To clarify the causal relationship between the microbial community and treatment effect, we compared the biomass of active bacteria (reverse-transcribed real-time PCR), bacterial community composition (Miseq 16S rRNA sequencing) and community function (metagenomic sequencing) between the bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented columns. Results indicated that the QJX1 strain grew steadily and attached onto the filter material surface in the bioaugmented columns. In general, the inoculated strain did not significantly alter the composition of the indigenous bacterial community, but did improve the relative abundances of xenobiotic metabolism genes and Mn oxidation gene. Thus, bioaugmentation intensified microbial degradation/utilization for the direct removal of pollutants and increased the formation of Fe-Mn oxides for the indirect removal of pollutants. Our study provides an alternative method for the treatment of groundwater containing high Fe(II), Mn(II) and As/Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yangyang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinsong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Cai W, Li Y, Wang P, Niu L, Zhang W, Wang C. Effect of the pollution level on the functional bacterial groups aiming at degrading bisphenol A and nonylphenol in natural biofilms of an urban river. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15727-15738. [PMID: 27146525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) are ubiquitous pollutants with estrogenic activity in aquatic environment and have attracted global concern due to their disruption of endocrine systems. This study investigated the spatial distribution characteristics of the bacterial groups involved in the degradation of BPA and NP within biofilms in an urban river using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The effects of the pollution level and water parameters on these groups were also assessed. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the sampling sites into three clusters reflecting their varying nutrient pollution levels of relatively slight pollution (SP), moderate pollution (MP), and high pollution (HP) based on water quality data and Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water of China (GB3838-2002). The BPA and NP concentration in river water ranged from 0.8 to 77.5 and 10.2 to 162.9 ng L(-1), respectively. Comamonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Bacillaceae, Sphingomonadacea, Burkholderiaceae, and Rhizobiaceae were the dominant bacterial taxa involved in BPA and NP degradation, comprising an average of 9.8, 8.1, 7.6, 6.7, 6.2, 4.1, and 2.8 % of total sequences, respectively. The total abundance of these groups showed a slight upward trend and subsequently rapidly decreased with increasing pollution levels. The average proportion of Comamonadaceae in MP river sections was almost 1.5-2 times than that in SP or HP one. The distribution of functional groups was found related to environmental variables, especially pH, conductivity, ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N), and BPA. The abundance of Comamonadaceae and Rhizobiaceae was both closely related to higher values of pH and conductivity as well as lower concentrations of NP and BPA. Alcaligenaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were associated with higher concentrations of TP and CODMn and inversely correlated with DO concentration. This study might provide effective data on bacterial group changes in polluted urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
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Wang Z, Dai Y, Zhao Q, Li N, Zhou Q, Xie S. Nonylphenol biodegradation, functional gene abundance and bacterial community in bioaugmented sediment: effect of external carbon source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12083-12091. [PMID: 25874439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) biodegradation in river sediment using Stenotrophomonas strain Y1 and Sphingobium strain Y2 were proved to be an effective strategy to remediate NP pollution in our earlier study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of glucose addition on their ability to degrade NP in both liquid cultures and sediment microcosms. The shift in bacterial community structure and relative abundance of NP degraders in sediment microcosms were characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The proportion of NP-degrading alkB and sMO genes was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The growth of Stenotrophomonas strain Y1 and its NP biodegradation efficiency were inhibited by glucose supplementation, while the relative abundance of alkB gene increased. However, NP degradation, as well as the growth of added degraders and proportion of sMO gene, was enhanced in the glucose-amended sediment microcosms inoculated with Sphingobium strain Y2. Moreover, external glucose addition altered bacterial community structures in bioaugmented sediment microcosms, depending on the level of glucose dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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