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Chachei K. Greenhouse gas emissions in the Indian agriculture sector and mitigation by best management practices and smart farming technologies-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44489-44510. [PMID: 38951399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for agricultural products, driven by the Green Revolution, has led to a significant increase in food production. However, the demand is surpassing production, making food security a major concern, especially under climatic variation. The Indian agriculture sector is highly vulnerable to extreme rainfall, drought, pests, and diseases in the present climate change scenario. Nonetheless, the key agriculture sub-sectors such as livestock, rice cultivation, and biomass burning also significantly contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a driver of global climate change. Agriculture activities alone account for 10-12% of global GHG emissions. India is an agrarian economy and a hub for global food production, which is met by intensive agricultural inputs leading to the deterioration of natural resources. It further contributes to 14% of the country's total GHG emissions. Identifying the drivers and best mitigation strategies in the sector is thus crucial for rigorous GHG mitigation. Therefore, this review aims to identify and expound the key drivers of GHG emissions in Indian agriculture and present the best strategies available in the existing literature. This will help the scientific community, policymakers, and stakeholders to evaluate the current agricultural practices and uphold the best approach available. We also discussed the socio-economic, and environmental implications to understand the impacts that may arise from intensive agriculture. Finally, we examined the current national climate policies, areas for further research, and policy amendments to help bridge the knowledge gap among researchers, policymakers, and the public in the national interest toward GHG reduction goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Chachei
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Xiang J, Zhong L, Yuan Z, Liang L, Yang Z, Xiao Y, Fu Z, Long P, Huang C, Xu Y. Effects of Ratoon Rice Cropping Patterns on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield in Double-Season Rice Regions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1527. [PMID: 38891339 PMCID: PMC11174394 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The ratoon rice cropping pattern is an alternative to the double-season rice cropping pattern in central China due to its comparable annual yield and relatively lower cost and labor requirements. However, the impact of the ratoon rice cropping pattern on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and yields in the double-season rice region requires further investigation. Here, we compared two cropping patterns, fallow-double season rice (DR) and fallow-ratoon rice (RR), by using two early-season rice varieties (ZJZ17, LY287) and two late-season rice varieties (WY103, TY390) for DR, and two ratoon rice varieties (YLY911, LY6326) for RR. The six varieties constituted four treatments, including DR1 (ZJZ17 + WY103), DR2 (LY287 + TY390), RR1 (YLY911), and RR2 (LY6326). The experimental results showed that conversion from DR to RR cropping pattern significantly altered the GHG emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and GWP per unit yield (yield-scaled GWP). Compared with DR, the RR cropping pattern significantly increased cumulative methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 65.73%, 30.56%, and 47.13%, respectively, in the first cropping season. Conversely, in the second cropping season, the RR cropping pattern effectively reduced cumulative CH4, N2O, and CO2 emissions by 79.86%, 27.18%, and 30.31%, respectively. RR led to significantly lower annual cumulative CH4 emissions, but no significant difference in cumulative annual N2O and CO2 emissions compared with DR. In total, the RR cropping pattern reduced the annual GWP by 7.38% and the annual yield-scaled GWP by 2.48% when compared to the DR cropping pattern. Rice variety also showed certain effects on the yields and GHG emissions in different RR cropping patterns. Compared with RR1, RR2 significantly increased annual yield while decreasing annual GWP and annual yield-scaled GWP. In conclusion, the LY6326 RR cropping pattern may be a highly promising strategy to simultaneously reduce GWP and maintain high grain yield in double-season rice regions in central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Xiang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liusheng Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhixiong Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liqin Liang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhangzhen Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanmei Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pan Long
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Chakraborty R, Purakayastha TJ, Pendall E, Dey S, Jain N, Kumar S. Nitrification and urease inhibitors mitigate global warming potential and ammonia volatilization from urea in rice-wheat system in India: A field to lab experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165479. [PMID: 37459989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of alternative nitrogenous fertilizers for mitigating greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from a rice-wheat cropping system in northern India was addressed in a laboratory incubation experiment using soil from a 10-year residue management field experiment (crop residue removal, CRR, vs. incorporation, CRI). Neem coated urea (NCU), standard urea (U), urea ammonium sulfate (UAS), and two alternative fertilizers, urea + urease inhibitor NBPT (UUI) and urea + urease inhibitor NBPT + nitrification inhibitor DMPSA (UUINI) were compared to non-fertilized controls for four weeks in incubation under anaerobic condition. Effects of fertilizers on global warming potential (GWP) and ammonia volatilization were dependent on residue treatment. Relative to standard urea, NCU reduced GWP by 11 % in CRI but not significantly in CRR; conversely, UAS reduced GWP by 12 % in CRR but not significantly in CRI. UUI and UUINI reduced GWP in both residue treatments and were more effective in CRI (21 % and 26 %) than CRR (15 % and 14 %). Relative to standard urea, NCU increased ammonia volatilization by 8 % in CRI but not significantly in CRR. Ammonia volatilization was reduced most strongly by UUI (40 % in CRI and 37 % in CRR); it was reduced 28-29 % by UUINI and 12-15 % by UAS. Overall, the urease inhibitor, alone and in combination with the nitrification inhibitor, was more effective in mitigating greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions than NCU. However, these products need to be tested in field settings to validate findings from the controlled laboratory experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Chakraborty
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Saptaparnee Dey
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Niveta Jain
- Division of Environment Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Zhou W, Long W, Wang H, Long P, Xu Y, Zhong K, Xiong R, Xie F, Chen F, Fu Z. Reducing carbon footprints and increasing net ecosystem economic benefits through dense planting with less nitrogen in double-cropping rice systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 891:164756. [PMID: 37295517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of nitrogen fertilization in farmland systems can cause nitrogen wastage, environmental pollution, and increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Dense planting is one of the efficient strategies for nitrogen fertilizer reduction within rice production. However, there are paying weak attention to the integrative effect of dense planting with less nitrogen (DPLN) on carbon footprint (CF), net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) and its components in double-cropping rice systems. Herein, this work aims to elucidate the effect via field experiments in double-cropping rice cultivation region with the treatments set to conventional cultivation (CK), three treatments of DPLN (DR1, 14 % nitrogen reduction and 40,000 hills per ha density increase from CK; DR2, 28 % nitrogen reduction and 80,000 hills density increase; DR3, 42 % nitrogen reduction and 120,000 hills density increase), and one treatment of no nitrogen (N0). Results showed that DPLN significantly reduced average CH4 emissions by 7.56 %-36 %, while increasing annual rice yield by 2.16 %-12.37 % compared to CK. Furthermore, the paddy ecosystem under DPLN served as a carbon sink. Compared with CK, DR3 increased gross primary productivity (GPP) by 16.04 % while decreasing direct GHG emissions by 13.1 %. The highest NEEB was observed in DR3, which was 25.38 % greater than CK and 1.04-fold higher than N0. Therefore, direct GHG emissions and carbon fixation of GPP were key contributors to CF in double-cropping rice systems. Our results verified that optimizing DPLN strategies can effectively increase economic benefits and reduce net GHG emissions. DR3 achieved an optimal synergy between reducing CF and enhancing NEEB in double-cropping rice systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenfei Long
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pan Long
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kangyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Feipeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fugui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Shah ST, Basit A, Mohamed HI, Ullah I, Sajid M, Sohrab A. Der Einsatz von Mulchen bei verschiedenen Bodenbearbeitungsbedingungen reduziert den Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen – ein Überblick. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2023; 75:455-477. [DOI: 10.1007/s10343-022-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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The role of hydroponic microbial fuel cell in the reduction of methane emission from rice plants. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Guo Y, Zhang G, Abdalla M, Kuhnert M, Bao H, Xu H, Ma J, Begum K, Smith P. Modelling methane emissions and grain yields for a double-rice system in Southern China with DAYCENT and DNDC models. GEODERMA 2023; 431:116364. [PMID: 36968674 PMCID: PMC10035045 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and one of its major sources is rice cultivation. The main aim of this paper was to compare two well-established biogeochemical models, namely Daily Century (DAYCENT) and DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) for estimating CH4 emissions and grain yields for a double-rice cropping system with tillage practice and/or stubble incorporation in the winter fallow season in Southern China. Both models were calibrated and validated using field measured data from November 2008 to November 2014. The calibrated models performed effectively in estimating the daily CH4 emission pattern (correlation coefficient, r = 0.58-0.63, p < 0.001), but model efficiency (EF) values were higher in stubble incorporation treatments, with and without winter tillage (treatments S and WS) (EF = 0.22-0.28) than that in winter tillage without stubble incorporation treatment (W) (EF = -0.06-0.08). We recommend that algorithms for the impacts of tillage practice on CH4 emission should be improved for both models. DAYCENT and DNDC also estimated rice yields for all treatments without a significant bias. Our results showed that tillage practice in the winter fallow season (treatments WS and W) significantly decreased annual CH4 emissions, by 13-37 % (p < 0.05) for measured values, 15-20 % (p < 0.05) for DAYCENT-simulated values, and 12-32 % (p < 0.05) for DNDC-simulated values, respectively, compared to no-till practice (treatments S), but had no significant impact on grain yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- School of Spatial Planning and Design, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Guangbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mohamed Abdalla
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Matthias Kuhnert
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Haijun Bao
- School of Spatial Planning and Design, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Khadiza Begum
- Geotree Environmental Monitoring, London SW1E 5JL, UK
| | - Pete Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
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Mohapatra KK, Nayak AK, Patra RK, Tripathi R, Swain CK, Moharana KC, Kumar A, Shahid M, Mohanty S, Garnaik S, Nayak HS, Mohapatra S, Nagothu US, Tesfai M. Multi-criteria assessment to screen climate smart rice establishment techniques in coastal rice production system of India. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130545. [PMID: 37143878 PMCID: PMC10151676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Conventional rice production techniques are less economical and more vulnerable to sustainable utilization of farm resources as well as significantly contributed GHGs to atmosphere. Methods In order to assess the best rice production system for coastal areas, six rice production techniques were evaluated, including SRI-AWD (system of rice intensification with alternate wetting and drying (AWD)), DSR-CF (direct seeded rice with continuous flooding (CF)), DSR-AWD (direct seeded rice with AWD), TPR-CF (transplanted rice with CF), TPR-AWD (transplanted rice with AWD), and FPR-CF (farmer practice with CF). The performance of these technologies was assessed using indicators such as rice productivity, energy balance, GWP (global warming potential), soil health indicators, and profitability. Finally, using these indicators, a climate smartness index (CSI) was calculated. Results and discussion Rice grown with SRI-AWD method had 54.8 % higher CSI over FPR-CF, and also give 24.5 to 28.3% higher CSI for DSR and TPR as well. There evaluations based on the climate smartness index can provide cleaner and more sustainable rice production and can be used as guiding principle for policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, India
| | - A. K. Nayak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
- *Correspondence: A. K. Nayak,
| | - R. K. Patra
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Chinmaya Kumar Swain
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - K. C. Moharana
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Anjani Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Sangita Mohanty
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | - Saheed Garnaik
- Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, India
| | | | - Simran Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -National Rice Research Institute, Odisha, India
| | | | - M. Tesfai
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Oslo, Norway
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Sun Y, Lai Y, Wang Q, Song Q, Jin L, Zeng X, Feng Y, Lu X. Combination of Water-Saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Regulates Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Increases Rice Yields in High-Cold Regions, Northeast China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16506. [PMID: 36554386 PMCID: PMC9778862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increased rice production, which benefitted from cropping areas expansion and continuous N applications, resulted in severe increases in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from 1983 to 2019 in Heilongjiang Province, China. Therefore, field trials were performed in the high-cold Harbin region, Northeast China, to determine the efficiency of incorporating water regimes with N fertilization in minimizing the impact of rice production on GHG emissions. Two water-saving irrigation strategies, intermittent irrigation (W1) and control irrigation (W2), were used relative to continuous flooding (W0), and we combined them with six fertilized treatments. Our results demonstrated that W1 and W2 significantly decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 19.7-30.0% and 11.4-29.9%, enhanced seasonal N2O emissions by 77.0-127.0% and 16.2-42.4%, and increased significantly yields by 5.9-12.7% and 0-4.7%, respectively, compared with W0. Although trade-offs occurred between CH4 and N2O emissions, W1 and W2 resulted in significant reductions in global warming potential (GWP). Moreover, low N rates (<120 kg N ha-1) performed better in GWP than high N rates. N fertilization and irrigation regimes had remarkable effects on rice yields and GWP. In conclusion, the incorporation of W1 and a N application under 120 kg N ha-1 could simultaneously mitigate GWP while enhancing production in black soils in high-cold Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement and Physiology and Ecology of Food Crop in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yongcai Lai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qiulai Song
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Plant Nutrition and Resources Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiannan Zeng
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yanjiang Feng
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xinrui Lu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
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Mboyerwa PA, Kibret K, Mtakwa P, Aschalew A. Greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated paddy rice as influenced by crop management practices and nitrogen fertilization rates in eastern Tanzania. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.868479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In rice production greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reduction is an important task for many countries, Tanzania included. Of global agricultural GHG emitted from rice fields, about 30 and 11% are represented by CH4 and N2O, respectively. For successful climate smart rice cultivation, rice management practices, including nitrogen fertilization are two key crucial components that need evaluation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the crop management practices and N fertilization on yield and greenhouse gases emission in paddy rice production, Experiments were designed in split-plot randomized complete block and replicated three times. Two rice management practices namely conventional practice (CP) and system of rice intensification (SRI) and six rates of nitrogen fertilizer (absolute control, 0, 60, 90,120 and 150 kg N ha−1) were applied in two consecutive seasons. The Source-selective and Emission-adjusted GHG CalculaTOR for Cropland (SECTOR) was used to calculate the GHG emission. Methane emission was in the range of 88.7–220.6 kg ha−1season−1, where higher emission was recorded in CP treatments (ABC, CP 0 and CP 120N) compared to SRI treatments. SRI reduced methane and carbon dioxide emission by 59.8% and 20.1% over CP, respectively. Seasonal nitrous oxide emissions was in the range of no detected amount to 0.0002 kgN2O ha−1 where SRI treatments recorded up to 0.0002 kgN2O ha−1 emissions while in CP treatment no amount of N2O was detected. The interaction of system of rice intensification and 90 kg N ha−1 (SRI90N) treatment recorded higher grains yield (8.1, 7.7 t ha−1) with low seasonal global warming potential (GWP) (3,478 and 3,517 kg CO2e ha−1) and low greenhouse gas intensity (0.42, 0.45 kg CO2e per kg paddy) compared to other treatments in wet and dry season, respectively. Therefore, SRI with 90 kg N was the treatment with mitigation potential and reduced GWP without compromising rice yield.
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11
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Sossa CLG, Sanogo S, Naab JB, Sintondji LO. Trends and research features on greenhouse gas emissions from rice production: review based on bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73828-73841. [PMID: 36103066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas from rice production has become a great concern and the focus of a lot of research in recent years. The main aim of the study was to explore the research trend of GHG emissions from rice production by exploring the research hotspots and providing suggestions for future research directions over the period 1991 to 2020. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, and the sample included 2535 articles. The methodology was based on descriptive analysis, co-occurrence analysis, factorial analysis, word dynamic over time, and the author's keyword analysis over time. The results indicate a remarkable increase in the number of articles published on this topic, mainly in the journals of "Agriculture," "Ecosystems," and "Environment." The main authors were Conrad R. and Wassmann R. Relating to the number of published articles, very few were contributed by African countries, whereas China, Japan, and India were the main contributors. The co-occurrence analysis showed that rice, methane, and nitrous oxide are the core keywords of the network. The multiple factorial analysis pointed out that greenhouse gas emissions from rice production depend on the farming practices, the environmental factors, and the plant growth as well. The evolutionary path showed that the current author's keywords are more related to global warming potential, climate change, and biochar. The findings of this review can help researchers and scholars by providing a better overview of development trends that have emerged over the past 30 years and suggestions for the future direction in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coffi Leonce Geoffroy Sossa
- West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) - Graduate Research Program on Climate Change and Agriculture, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), BP E 423, Bamako, Mali.
- Laboratoire d'Hydraulique et de Maîtrise de l'Eau (LHME), Institut National de l'Eau (INE/UAC), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
| | - Souleymane Sanogo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FST), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), BP E 423, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jesse B Naab
- West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL), Competence Center, 06 BP 9507 06, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Luc O Sintondji
- Laboratoire d'Hydraulique et de Maîtrise de l'Eau (LHME), Institut National de l'Eau (INE/UAC), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Yang Z, Cheng Q, Liao Q, Fu H, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Lv T, Sun Y, Ma J, Li N. Can reduced-input direct seeding improve resource use efficiencies and profitability of hybrid rice in China? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155186. [PMID: 35421483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanization of rice production in China has been accompanied by a rapid reduction in agricultural labor forces and increase in machinery purchase subsidies; however, the comprehensive performance of several major mechanized production modes regarding output, environmental protection, and profit remains uncertain to the Chinese government and farmers alike. Here, a five-year (2015-2019) field experiment was conducted to analyze the performance of farmers' mechanized seedling transplanting (FMST), farmers' mechanized direct seeding (FMDS), and reduced-input direct seeding (RIDS) concerning grain yield, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic benefits. RIDS used an unmanned aerial vehicle for sowing, fertilizing, and spraying, while adopting no-tillage, bed-furrow irrigation technology. The quantity and stability of RIDS-produced grain were similar to those of FMST and higher than those of FMDS. Furthermore, RIDS yields required significantly less machinery, human labor, fuel, and water, with 34.72% and 24.03% decreases in total energy input compared to that for FMST and FMDS, corresponding to 1.45- and 1.34-fold increases in energy productivity, respectively. The resulting CO2-eq emissions from agricultural inputs for RIDS were 71.26% and 71.32% of those for FMST and FMDS, while CH4 emissions were 32.60% and 29.24% of those for FMST and FMDS, respectively. Despite the high N2O emissions and decomposing trend of soil organic carbon in RIDS, the net global warming potential still decreased by 48.84-58.36%, and the carbon sustainability index and carbon efficiency ratio increased by 87.67-142.14% and 105.32-188.22%, respectively, compared with those of FMST and FMDS. RIDS had the lowest cost, its net return was USD 298.81 ha-1 higher than that of FMDS (similar to FMST), and its benefit-cost ratio was 10-36.19% higher than that of FMST and FMDS. Generally, RIDS offered a higher-yielding, cleaner, more sustainable rice production technology for meeting the needs of the Chinese government and farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyue Cheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Liao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyue Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuemei Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tengfei Lv
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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13
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Zhang G, Huang Q, Song K, Zhu X, Ma J, Zhang Y, Yan X, Xu H. Gaseous emissions and grain-heavy metal contents in rice paddies: A three-year partial organic substitution experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154106. [PMID: 35219683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the utilization of chemical fertilisers, which cause substantial nitrogen loss and widespread nonpoint source pollution, the application of organic manure has become an increasingly popular alternative in rice agriculture. It plays key roles in improving soil quality and maintaining rice yields, but its integrated impacts on trace gas emissions and heavy metal contents in rice grains remain poorly documented. We conducted a three-year field experiment with two application ratios (25% and 50%) of sewage sludge compost (S) and pig manure compost (P) during the rice season in eastern China. The emissions of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and the grain contents of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were measured. Compared with urea, partial organic application, particularly 50%S and 50%P, led to a considerable increase in CH4 emission (52%-71%), global warming potential (GWP, 50%-69%), and greenhouse gas intensity (46%-68%). However, it substantially decreased N2O emission and NH3 volatilisation, thus lowering the cumulative nitrogen loss by 32%-62%. Moreover, the average concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in rice grains were 100-151 μg kg-1, 2.31-2.78 mg kg-1, 20.3-24.3 mg kg-1, 44.3-123 μg kg-1, and 8.69-15.2 μg kg-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than food standard limits for rice in China. Both 25%S and 50%S achieved the highest grain yields while significantly decreasing grain Ni and Cd contents. Health risk assessment showed that the target hazard quotient of all the metals was <1 (0.006-0.73), and the hazard index that represents additive effects of pollutants was higher than the threshold, except for 25%S and 50%S. The results suggested 25%S as a potential fertilisation practice in rice fields that not only maintains low GWP and high yields but also seldom poses grain pollution or health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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14
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Sensing and Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Fields to the Near Field Atmosphere. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114141. [PMID: 35684762 PMCID: PMC9185635 DOI: 10.3390/s22114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields have huge effects on climate change. Low-cost systems and management practices to quantify and reduce GHGs emission rates are needed to achieve a better climate. The typical GHGs estimation processes are expensive and mainly depend on high-cost laboratory equipment. This study introduces a low-cost sensor-based GHG sampling and estimation system for rice fields. For this, a fully automatic gas chamber with a sensor-integrated gas accumulator and quantifier unit was designed and implemented to study its performance in the estimation efficiency of greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O, and CO2) from rice fields for two crop seasons. For each crop season, three paddy plots were prepared at the experimental site and then subjected to different irrigation methods (continuous flooding (CF), intermittent flooding (IF), and controlled intermittent flooding (CIF)) and fertilizer treatments to study the production and emission rates of GHGs throughout the crop growing season at regular intervals. A weather station was installed on the site to record the seasonal temperature and rainfall events. The seasonal total CH4 emission was affected by the effects of irrigation treatments. The mean CH4 emission in the CIF field was smaller than in other treatments. CH4 and N2O emission peaks were high during the vegetative and reproductive phases of rice growth, respectively. The results indicated that CIF treatment is most suitable in terms of rice productivity and higher water use efficiency. The application of nitrogen fertilizers produced some peaks in N2O emissions. On the whole, the proposed low-cost GHGs estimation system performed well during both crop seasons and it was found that the adaption of CIF treatment in rice fields could significantly reduce GHG emissions and increase rice productivity. The research results also suggested some mitigation strategies that could reduce the production of GHGs from rice fields.
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Khan MN, Li D, Shah A, Huang J, Zhang L, Núñez-Delgado A, Han T, Du J, Ali S, Sial TA, Lan Z, Hayat S, Song Y, Bai Y, Zhang H. The impact of pristine and modified rice straw biochar on the emission of greenhouse gases from a red acidic soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112676. [PMID: 34998810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the growing awareness of environmental impacts of land degradation, pressure is mounting to improve the health and productivity of degrading soils, which could be achieved through the use of raw and modified biochar materials. The primary objective of the current study was to investigate the efficiency of pristine and Mg-modified rice-straw biochar (RBC and MRBC) for the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and improvement of soil properties. A 90 days' incubation experiment was conducted using treatments which included control (CK), two RBC dosages (1% and 2.5%), and two MRBC doses (1% and 2.5%). Soil physico-chemical and biological properties were monitored to assess the effects due to the treatments. Results showed that both biochars improved soil physicochemical properties as the rate of biochar increased. The higher rates of biochar (RBC2.5 and MRBC2.5) particularly increased enzymatic activities (Catalase, Invertase and Urease) in comparison to the control. Data obtained for phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentration indicated an increase in the Gram-negative bacteria (G-), actinomycetes and total PLFA with the increased biochar rate, while Gram-positive bacteria (G+) showed no changes to either level of biochar. As regards fungi concentration, it decreased with the biochar addition, whereas arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) showed non-significant changes. The release of CO2, CH4 and N2O showed a decreasing trend over the time. CO2 cumulative emission decreased for MRBC1 (5%) and MRBC2.5 (9%) over the pristine biochar treatments. The cumulative N2O emission decreased by 15-32% for RBC1 and RBC2.5 and by 22-33% for MRBC1 and MRBC2.5 as compared to the control, whereas CH4 emission showed non-significant changes. Overall, the present study provides for the first-time data that could facilitate the correct use of Mg-modified rice biochar as a soil additive for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and improvement of soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Numan Khan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dongchu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, 426182, Hunan, China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Asad Shah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, 426182, Hunan, China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, 426182, Hunan, China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Campus Univ. s/n, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tainfu Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, 426182, Hunan, China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiangxue Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, 426182, Hunan, China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sehrish Ali
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tanveer Ali Sial
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhilong Lan
- College of Natural Resources & Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Sikandar Hayat
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454010, China
| | - Yijing Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, 426182, Hunan, China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; National Observation Station of Qiyang Agri-Ecology System, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang, 426182, Hunan, China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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16
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Management Strategies to Mitigate N2O Emissions in Agriculture. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030439. [PMID: 35330190 PMCID: PMC8949344 DOI: 10.3390/life12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere has been increasing since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the mightiest GHGs, and agriculture is one of the main sources of N2O emissions. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms triggering N2O emissions and the role of agricultural practices in their mitigation. The amount of N2O produced from the soil through the combined processes of nitrification and denitrification is profoundly influenced by temperature, moisture, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contents. These factors can be manipulated to a significant extent through field management practices, influencing N2O emission. The relationships between N2O occurrence and factors regulating it are an important premise for devising mitigation strategies. Here, we evaluated various options in the literature and found that N2O emissions can be effectively reduced by intervening on time and through the method of N supply (30–40%, with peaks up to 80%), tillage and irrigation practices (both in non-univocal way), use of amendments, such as biochar and lime (up to 80%), use of slow-release fertilizers and/or nitrification inhibitors (up to 50%), plant treatment with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (up to 75%), appropriate crop rotations and schemes (up to 50%), and integrated nutrient management (in a non-univocal way). In conclusion, acting on N supply (fertilizer type, dose, time, method, etc.) is the most straightforward way to achieve significant N2O reductions without compromising crop yields. However, tuning the rest of crop management (tillage, irrigation, rotation, etc.) to principles of good agricultural practices is also advisable, as it can fetch significant N2O abatement vs. the risk of unexpected rise, which can be incurred by unwary management.
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17
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Yu H, Zhang G, Xia L, Huang Q, Ma J, Zhu C, Shan J, Jiang Q, Zhu J, Smith P, Yan X, Xu H. Elevated CO 2 does not necessarily enhance greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152363. [PMID: 34915007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) greatly impacts greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of CH4 and N2O from rice fields. Although eCO2 generally stimulates GHG emissions in the short term (<5 years) experiments, the responses to long-term (≥10 years) eCO2 remain poorly known. Here we show, through a series of experiments and meta-analysis, that the eCO2 does not necessarily increase CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddies. In an experiment of free-air CO2 enrichment for 13-15 years, CH4 and N2O emissions were decreased by 11-54% and 33-54%, respectively. The decline of CH4 emissions was related to the reduction of CH4 production and enhancement of CH4 oxidation via raising soil Eh and soil-water interface [O2] under eCO2. Moreover, the eCO2 significantly decreased NH4+-N content, suggesting a reduction of soil nitrification and thereby N2O emissions. A meta-analysis showed that CH4 and N2O emissions were stimulated under short-term eCO2 while reduced under long-term eCO2. The eCO2-induced increase in yield and biomass and the ratio of mcrA genes/pmoA genes declined with eCO2 duration, indicating an eCO2-stimulation of methanogenesis lower than that of methanotrophy over time by fewer increased substrates. Upscaling the results of meta-analysis, the eCO2-induced global paddy CH4 and N2O emissions shifted from an increase (+0.17 Pg CO2-eq year-1) in the short term into a decrease (-0.11 Pg CO2-eq year-1) in the long term. Our findings suggest that the effect of eCO2 on GHG emissions changes over time, and this should be considered in future climate change research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Longlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Qiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chunwu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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18
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Liu D, Zhang W, Wang X, Guo Y, Chen X. Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potential of hybrid maize seed production in northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17787-17798. [PMID: 34671908 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16990-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although hybrid maize seed production is one of the most important agriculture systems worldwide, its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and potential mitigation measures have not been studied. In this study, we used life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify the GHG emissions of 150 farmers run by 6 companies in an area of northwest China known for hybrid maize seed production. The results indicated that the average reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses and GHG emissions from hybrid maize seed production were 53 kg N ha-1 and 8077 kg CO2 eq ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, the average nitrogen and carbon footprints of the process were 12.2 kg N Mg-1 and 1495 kg CO2 eq Mg-1, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer and electricity consumption for irrigation were the main contributors to high GHG emissions, accounting for 60% and 30% of the total, respectively. The GHG emissions from seed production for different companies varied greatly with their resource input. There was also a large variation in environmental burdens among the 150 farmers. Based on an analysis of the yield group, we found that the carbon footprint of the first group (the one with the highest yield) was 27% lower than the overall average. Scenario analysis suggests that a combined reduction of N input rate, optimizing irrigation, and increasing yield can eventually mitigate the carbon footprint of hybrid maize seed production by 37%. An integrated systematic approach (e.g., ISSM: integrated soil-crop system management) can reduce the GHG emissions involved in producing hybrid maize seeds. This study provides quantitative evidence and a potential strategy for GHG emissions reduction of hybrid maize seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical College, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wushuai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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19
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Heredia MC, Kant J, Prodhan MA, Dixit S, Wissuwa M. Breeding rice for a changing climate by improving adaptations to water saving technologies. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:17-33. [PMID: 34218290 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to increasingly affect rice production through rising temperatures and decreasing water availability. Unlike other crops, rice is a main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions due to methane emissions from flooded paddy fields. Climate change can therefore be addressed in two ways in rice: through making the crop more climate resilient and through changes in management practices that reduce methane emissions and thereby slow global warming. In this review, we focus on two water saving technologies that reduce the periods lowland rice will be grown under fully flooded conditions, thereby improving water use efficiency and reducing methane emissions. Rice breeding over the past decades has mostly focused on developing high-yielding varieties adapted to continuously flooded conditions where seedlings were raised in a nursery and transplanted into a puddled flooded soil. Shifting cultivation to direct-seeded rice or to introducing non-flooded periods as in alternate wetting and drying gives rise to new challenges which need to be addressed in rice breeding. New adaptive traits such as rapid uniform germination even under anaerobic conditions, seedling vigor, weed competitiveness, root plasticity, and moderate drought tolerance need to be bred into the current elite germplasm and to what extent this is being addressed through trait discovery, marker-assisted selection and population improvement are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Asaduzzaman Prodhan
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shalabh Dixit
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, The Philippines
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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20
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Malyan SK, Bhatia A, Tomer R, Harit RC, Jain N, Bhowmik A, Kaushik R. Mitigation of yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions from irrigated rice through Azolla, Blue-green algae, and plant growth-promoting bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51425-51439. [PMID: 33987722 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Irrigated transplanted flooded rice is a major source of methane (CH4) emission. We carried out experiments for 2 years in irrigated flooded rice to study if interventions like methane-utilizing bacteria, Blue-green algae (BGA), and Azolla could mitigate the emission of CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) and lower the yield-scaled global warming potential (GWP). The experiment included nine treatments: T1 (120 kg N ha-1 urea), T2 (90 kg N ha-1 urea + 30 kg N ha-1 fresh Azolla), T3 (90 kg N ha-1 urea + 30 kg N ha-1 Blue-green algae (BGA), T4 (60 kg N ha-1 urea + 30 kg N ha-1 BGA + 30 kg N ha-1 Azolla, T5 (120 kg N ha-1 urea + Hyphomicrobium facile MaAL69), T6 (120 kg N ha-1 by urea + Burkholderia vietnamiensis AAAr40), T7 (120 kg N ha-1 by urea + Methylobacteruim oryzae MNL7), T8 (120 kg N ha-1 urea + combination of Burkholderia AAAr40, Hyphomicrobium facile MaAL69, Methylobacteruim oryzae MNL7), and T9 (no N fertilizer). Maximum decrease in cumulative CH4 emission was observed with the application of Methylobacteruim oryzae MNL7 in T7 (19.9%), followed by Azolla + BGA in T4 (13.2%) as compared to T1 control. N2O emissions were not significantly affected by the application of CH4-oxidizing bacteria. However, significantly lower (P<0.01) cumulative N2O emissions was observed in T4 (40.7%) among the fertilized treatments. Highest yields were observed in Azolla treatment T2 with 25% less urea N application. The reduction in yield-scaled GWP was at par in T4 (Azolla and BGA) and T7 (Methylobacteruim oryzae MNL7) treatments and reduced by 27.4% and 15.2% in T4 and T7, respectively, as compared to the T1 (control). K-means clustering analysis showed that the application of Methylobacteruim oryzae MNL7, Azolla, and Azolla + BGA can be an effective mitigation option to reduce the global warming potential while increasing the yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Malyan
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arti Bhatia
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Ritu Tomer
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ramesh Chand Harit
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Niveta Jain
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arpan Bhowmik
- Division of Design of Experiments, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajeev Kaushik
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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21
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Younas A, Xiukang W, Yousaf Z, Fiaz S, Riaz A, Hussain S, Huang S. Physiological and biochemical changes induced by Qiangdi nano-863 biological assistant growth apparatus during rice seed priming under temperature stress. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245206. [PMID: 34550280 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A huge amount of rice cultivation and consumption occur in Asia particularly in Pakistan and China. However, multiple abiotic stresses especially high and low-temperature proved to be a substantial threat for rice production ultimately risks for food security. To overcome various types of abiotic stress; seed priming is among the effective approaches to improve the rice seed germination and growth vigor. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate physiological and biochemical modifications in Chinese and Pakistani rice varieties by Qiangdi 863 biological assistant growth apparatus nano treated water (NTW), Osmopriming Calcium chloride (CaCl2), redox priming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hormonal priming by Salicylic acid (SA) under temperature stress conditions. The experiment was performed with completely randomize design conditions. Five rice varieties, nomenclature as Zhongzoa 39, (Chinese rice variety) KSK 133, KS 282, Super basmati and PK 1121 aromatic (Pakistani rice variety) were sown under low temperature (LT) (17ºC), optimal temperature (OT) 27ºC and high temperature (HT) 37ºC conditions. The present study indicated that nanopriming were the most effective treatments increased Germination Energy Percentage (GEP) (96.1, 100, 100%), Speed of Germination (SG) (27.2, 35.45, 37.1), Final Germination Percentage (FGP) (98.2, 99.1, 99.4%), Seedling Dry Weight Biomass (DWB) (0.1, 0.137, 0.14g), Total Chlorophyll Content (0.502, 13.74, 15.21), antioxidant enzymes Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)(3145, 2559, 3345 µg-1FWh-1), Catalase (CAT) (300, 366, 3243 µg-1FWh-1) and decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) (6.5, 12.2, 6.5 µmol g-1 FW) for Zhongzao 39 and KSK 133 rice varieties under low (LT+NTW), optimal temperature (OP+NTW) and high temperature (HT+NTW) stress., Therefore, nano-priming is recommended to cope with the high and low-temperature stress conditions along with improved productivity of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Younas
- Lahore College for Women University, Department of Botany, Lahore, Pakistan.,China National Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - W Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z Yousaf
- Lahore College for Women University, Department of Botany, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Fiaz
- The University of Haripur, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Riaz
- China National Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Hussain
- China National Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Huang
- China National Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Gupta K, Kumar R, Baruah KK, Hazarika S, Karmakar S, Bordoloi N. Greenhouse gas emission from rice fields: a review from Indian context. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30551-30572. [PMID: 33905059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soil acts as a source and sink of important greenhouse gases (GHGs) like methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Rice paddies have been a major concern to scientific community, because they produce the threatening and long-lasting GHGs mainly CH4 and N2O. Around 30% and 11% of global agricultural CH4 and N2O, respectively, emitted from rice fields. Thus, it is urgent to concurrently quantify the fluxes of CH4 and N2O to improve understanding of both the gases from rice fields and to develop mitigation strategies for upcoming climate change reduction. An effort is being made in this review to discuss exclusively the emission of CH4 and N2O under normal and controlled conditions in different locations of India and also addresses the current synthesis of available data on how field and crop management activities influence CH4 and N2O emissions in rice fields. Making changes to conventional crop management regimes could have a significant impact on reducing GHG emissions from rice field. Environmental and agricultural factors related to soil could be easily altered by management practices. So, knowing the mechanism of CH4 and N2O production and release in the rice field and factors controlling the emissions is fundamental to develop well-organized strategies to reduce emissions from rice cultivated soil. This will help the regulatory bodies or policy makers to formulate adequate policies for agricultural farmers to refine the GHG emissions as well as minimize the global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Gupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, India
| | - Raushan Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, India
| | - Kushal Kumar Baruah
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Samarendra Hazarika
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Guwahati, Meghalaya, 793103, India
| | - Susmita Karmakar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, India
| | - Nirmali Bordoloi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, India.
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23
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Zhang Z, Furman A. Soil redox dynamics under dynamic hydrologic regimes - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143026. [PMID: 33143917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer (redox) reactions, mediated by soil microbiota, modulate elemental cycling and, in part, establish the redox poise of soil systems. Understanding soil redox processes significantly improves our ability to characterize coupled biogeochemical cycling in soils and aids in soil health management. Redox-sensitive species exhibit different reactivity, mobility, and toxicity subjected to their redox state. Thus, it is crucial to quantify the redox potential (Eh) in soils and to characterize the dominant redox couples therein. Several, often coupled, external drivers, can influence Eh. Among these factors, soil hydrology dominates. It controls soil physical properties that in turn further regulates Eh. Soil spatial heterogeneity and temporally dynamic hydrologic regimes yield complex distributions of Eh. Soil redox processes have been studied under various environmental conditions, including relatively static and dynamic hydrologic regimes. Our focus here is on dynamic, variably water-saturated environments. Herein, we review previous studies on soil redox dynamics, with a specific focus on dynamic hydrologic regimes, provide recommendations on knowledge gaps, and targeted future research needs and directions. We review (1) the role of soil redox conditions on the soil chemical-species cycling of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, redox-active metals, and organic contaminants; (2) interactions between microbial activity and redox state in the near-surface and deep subsurface soil, and biomolecular methods to reveal the role of microbes in the redox processes; (3) the effects of dynamic hydrologic regimes on chemical-species cycling and microbial dynamics; (4) the experimental setups for mimicking different hydrologic regimes at both laboratory and field scales. Finally, we identify the current knowledge gaps related to the study of soil redox dynamics under different hydrologic regimes: (1) fluctuating conditions in the deep subsurface; (2) the use of biomolecular tools to understand soil biogeochemical processes beyond nitrogen; (3) limited current field measurements and potential alternative experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Zhang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alex Furman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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24
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Ryan SM, Marker HC, Van Wickle K, Winch PJ. A scoping review of interventions targeting small-scale, individual-initiated burning practices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110794. [PMID: 33508263 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient outdoor air pollution has been identified as a key risk factor for adverse health outcomes and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Small-scale, individual-initiated burning activities are significant contributors to local pollutant emissions but are not well studied. We identified articles that describe small-scale burning interventions in order to characterize current trends, implementation science perspectives, and gaps in the literature. METHODS We conducted a global search of interventions to reduce ambient air pollution, and then conducted a keyword search among these articles to identify literature regarding interventions to reduce individual-initiated burning. We categorized these articles based on whether burning was discussed as an explicit focus or incidental finding and conducted a full-text analysis. We conducted a supplementary review on anthropological aspects of burning behaviors and burning interventions not captured in our review to inform future recommendations. RESULTS Ten articles describing interventions for small-scale, individual-initiated burning were identified. Four articles examined burning as an explicit focus and six discussed burning as an incidental finding. China was the country most represented in our review. All but one of the articles discussed emissions-related outcomes, while only one article discussed health outcomes. Four articles explored factors affecting implementation of interventions and regulations, but none included implementation as a primary objective. The supplementary review revealed a large amount of literature about burning in the context of spiritual and agricultural practices. However, less is known about everyday burning behaviors, such as trash burning and household burning, as well as reasons why people burn. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of research that explicitly discusses interventions for small scale, individual-initiated burning practices. Gaps remain in interventions in LMICs most affected by individual-initiated burning, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the current literature does not analyze factors affecting effectiveness of interventions and regulations and does not clearly identify reasons why people choose to burn. More research is needed on how to effectively implement interventions to reduce individual-initiated burning, as well as to target key geographic regions and burning sources that continue to be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Ryan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Hannah C Marker
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kimiko Van Wickle
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peter J Winch
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Lan T, Zhang H, Han Y, Deng O, Tang X, Luo L, Zeng J, Chen G, Wang C, Gao X. Regulating CH 4, N 2O, and NO emissions from an alkaline paddy field under rice-wheat rotation with controlled release N fertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18246-18259. [PMID: 33409996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has been shown to increase crop yield and N use efficiency (NUE) compared with traditional chemical fertilizer (TF). However, few studies examined the effects of CRF on CH4, N2O, and NO emissions simultaneously in alkaline paddy fields under rice-wheat rotation. In the present study, we conducted a 2-year field experiment to compare the effects of different CRF application strategies on these gas emissions with those of TF and explored the effects of CRF on global warming potential (GWP), crop yields, and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI). Results showed that CRF can reduce 0.98-14.3%, 13.3-21.1%, and 8.22-16.3% of CH4, N2O, and NO emissions, respectively, in the studied alkaline paddy field. CRF reduce CH4 emission probably by regulating soil NH4+ concentration. CRF reduce N2O and NO emissions probably by regulating inorganic N content in the studied alkaline paddy soil. CRF had the same effect on annual crop yield as TF, especially when CRF was applied twice in each season and had the same N application rate as TF. Annual crop yields and the agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) increased by 8.24% and 21.6%, respectively. On the average of the two rice-wheat rotation cycles, GHGI significantly decreased by up to 14.1% after the application of CRF as relative to that after the application of TF (P < 0.05). These results suggest that CRF is an environment-friendly N fertilization strategy for mitigating GWP and ensuring high crop yield in an alkaline paddy field under rice-wheat rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Han
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ouping Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangdeng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
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Sustainable Development in EU Countries in the Framework of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Europe 2020 Strategy was proposed with a long-term vision to ensure prosperity, development, and competitiveness for the member countries. This strategy is divided into three main areas named “growth”. One of these is sustainable growth. This is an area of sustainability, where the partial targets are referred to as the “20-20-20 approach”, and includes a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, an increase in energy efficiency, and the sharing of renewable energy sources. However, questions arise, including: How do member states meet these targets? Which countries are leaders in this area? According to these stated questions, the aim of this article is to assess how EU countries are meeting the set targets for sustainable growth resulting from the Europe 2020 strategy and to identify the countries with the best results in this area. We looked for answers to these questions in the analysis of sustainable indicators, which were transformed into a synthetic measure for comparability of the resulting values. Finally, we identified the Baltic states, Nordic countries (European Union members), Romania, and Croatia as the best countries in fulfilling the sustainable growth aims. As sustainable development and resource efficiency are crucial areas for the future, it is important to consider these issues.
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27
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Ren FR, Tian Z, Chen HS, Shen YT. Energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and agricultural disaster efficiency evaluation of China based on the two-stage dynamic DEA method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1901-1918. [PMID: 32862345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With a large agricultural sector, China is greatly affected by natural disasters caused by extreme weather events. Because the occurrence of natural disasters is closely related to the sharp increased consumption of energy and the massive emissions of carbon dioxide, this research examines relevant data from 2013 to 2017 in four major regions of China that cover 30 provincial administrative regions. Using the two-stage dynamic DEA model, we evaluate total efficiency value, two-stage efficiency value, and the efficiencies of energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and crop disaster areas, setting CO2 as the link between the production stage (first stage) and the crop damage stage (second stage). The research findings show that overall efficiency in China is generally low, whereby the total efficiencies of eastern and northeastern China are higher than those of central and western China. The efficiency value of the first stage (production stage) is greater than that of the second stage (crop damage stage), and the efficiency of most administrative regions' second stage is below 0.3, which is the main reason for the country's low overall efficiency. There is little difference between China's CO2 and energy consumption efficiency scores, but the efficiency values of crop disaster areas fluctuate greatly. The efficiency scores of various indicators in the eastern region are generally higher and more balanced, and the total efficiency scores exhibit a decreasing trend from east to west. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the environmental policy of controlling energy consumption and early warning of natural disasters in the central and western regions, and promote the R&D industry and technological innovation of carbon dioxide emission reduction and disaster control in the economically developed eastern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Rong Ren
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Ze Tian
- Business School, Hohai University, Changzhou, 213022, China
| | | | - Yu-Ting Shen
- Business School, Hohai University, Changzhou, 213022, China
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28
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Nan Q, Wang C, Wang H, Yi Q, Wu W. Mitigating methane emission via annual biochar amendment pyrolyzed with rice straw from the same paddy field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141351. [PMID: 32768791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To develop an economic and sustainable biochar application strategy for mitigating methane emission from paddy fields, a four-year field experiment was conducted to compare two biochar amendment methods. The annual low (AL) rate pyrolyzed biochar returning method used the same amount of biochar as was harvested from rice straw in the field, 2.8 t ha-1 yr-1. The high single (HS) biochar returning method consisted of a single application of 22.5 t ha-1 biochar only in the first year, 2015. Our results showed that the AL biochar returning strategy prevailed over the HS strategy in mitigating methane emission from paddy fields. On average, AL and HS could reduce methane emissions by 41% and 38.25% in four years, respectively. Methane accumulation per unit rice production was 45.8% and 43.1% in AL and HS, respectively. AL showed a stable effect on mitigating methane emission over four successive years, which resulted from the continuously increasing methanotrophs due to annual fresh biochar application. Aged biochar weakened the promotion of methanotrophs, leading to lower methane reduction rates in HS than in AL in the 4 years. Our results indicate that AL is a highly sustainable strategy for methane mitigation in paddy fields due to its high efficiency, practical operation, and economical acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Nan
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, South China Sea Institution, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Qianqian Yi
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Weixiang Wu
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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29
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Zaheer IE, Ali S, Saleem MH, Imran M, Alnusairi GSH, Alharbi BM, Riaz M, Abbas Z, Rizwan M, Soliman MH. Role of iron-lysine on morpho-physiological traits and combating chromium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:70-84. [PMID: 32745932 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is among the most widespread toxic trace elements found in agricultural soils resulting from various anthropogenic activities. However, the role of micronutrient-amino acid chelates in reducing Cr toxicity in crop plants has recently been suggested. The present study was conducted to explore the effect of iron (Fe) chelated with lysine (lys) on plant growth, biomass, gaseous exchange attributes, oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant response, and Cr uptake in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater in soil collected from District Kasur of Pakistan. B. napus seedlings (thirty-day-old) were shifted to pots irrigated with different levels of tannery wastewater. After two weeks, foliar application of Fe-lys (5 mM) was carried out for four successive weeks, and plants were harvested carefully post ten weeks of cultivation in tannery wastewater, under controlled conditions. Toxic levels of Cr in the soil significantly decreased plant height, fresh biomass of roots and leaves, dry biomass of roots and leaves, root length, number of leaves, leaf area, total chlorophyll contents, carotenoid contents, transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (PN), and water use efficiency (WUE). Toxic Cr levels in the soil also increased oxidative stress in the roots and leaves of B. napus plants, which were overcome by the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Moreover, increasing levels of Cr in the soil caused a significant increase in the Cr content of the roots and shoots of B. napus plants. The negative effects of Cr toxicity could be overturned by Fe-lys application, significantly increasing plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and gaseous exchange attributes by reducing oxidative stress (H2O2, MDA, EL) and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, foliar application of Fe-lys reduced the Cr concentration and increased essential micronutrients (Fe contents) in the roots and shoots of B. napus plants. These results shed light on the effectiveness of Fe-lys in improving the growth and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of B. napus in response to Cr stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of Fe-lys-mediated reduction of the toxicity of not only Cr, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Elahi Zaheer
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ghalia S H Alnusairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zohaib Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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30
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Effects of Gibberellin (GA 4+7) in Grain Filling, Hormonal Behavior, and Antioxidants in High-Density Maize ( Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080978. [PMID: 32752115 PMCID: PMC7465664 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dense plant cultivation is an efficient approach to improve maize production by maximizing the utilization of energy and nutrients. However, dense plant populations may aggravate the abortion rate of young grains, resulting in fewer kernels per ear. The rate and duration of grain-filling play decisive roles in maize grain yield. Therefore, to increase plant density, enhancing the grain-filling rate, extending the growth period of individual maize plants and regulating crop senescence would be the first priority. In this study, we examined the regulatory effects of GA4+7 under two application methods: shanks and silks were moistened by cotton full with GA4+7 solution at concentrations of 0, 10, 60, and 120 mg L-1. The results showed that GA4+7 improved the grain-filling rate by increasing the content of auxin, gibberellin, zeatin, and abscisic acid in grains compared to control plants. In addition, the auxin, gibberellin, and zeatin contents in the grains were positively and significantly correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates. Moreover, GA4+7 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases and reduced the malondialdehyde content in leaves compared with untreated plants. At the concentration of 60 mg L-1, GA4+7 showed the greatest effect on shank and silk applications (Sh-60 and Si-60) followed by 10 mg L-1 (Sh-10) for shank treatment and 120 mg L-1 (Si-120) for silk treatment. Our results suggest that a concentration of 60 mg L-1 GA4+7 for shank and silk application may be efficiently used for changing the level of hormones in grains and antioxidant enzymes in ear leaves, which may be useful for enhancing grain-filling rate and delaying leaf senescence, resulting in an increase in maize grain yield.
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Wang L, Qin T, Liu T, Guo L, Li C, Zhai Z. Inclusion of microbial inoculants with straw mulch enhances grain yields from rice fields in central China. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University/MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Wuhan China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University/MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Wuhan China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University/MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Wuhan China
| | - Lijin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education/College of Forestry Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Chengfang Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University/MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Wuhan China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Major Grain Crops in Hubei Province Yangtze University Jingzhou China
| | - Zhongbing Zhai
- Modern Agriculture Exhibition Center in Southeast Hubei Province Wuxue China
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Chams N, Guesmi B, Gil JM. Beyond scientific contribution: Assessment of the societal impact of research and innovation to build a sustainable agri-food sector. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110455. [PMID: 32217328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the climate change and increased attention toward environmental management issues, the agri-food sector has been extensively relying on research, development, and innovation (RDi) to transform conventional agricultural production into a sustainable and eco-friendly industry. While the academic contribution of research has been relatively easily identified in the literature, the assessment of its societal impact remains underdeveloped. Accordingly, this study employs mixed-method evaluation approaches, mainly ASIRPA framework and Impact Oriented Monitoring (IOM) model to better understand and measure the multi-dimensional impacts of RDi in the agri-food sector in Spain. The objective of this analysis is to identify the impact of research on the society and the ecosystem. An in-depth case study analysis is conducted to examine the "best practices" program to promote sustainable techniques in the rice cultivation. Empirical findings suggest a standardized index to measure the economic, socio-territorial, health, political, capacity building, and environmental impacts, involving the stakeholder-network evaluation. The study highlights important implications for firm management decisions monitoring research uptake and policy design in the agri-food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Chams
- Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Center for Agro-food Economics and Development (CREDA). Parc Mediterrani de La Tecnologia, Edifici ESAB, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Bouali Guesmi
- Center for Agro-Food Economics and Development (CREDA-UPC-IRTA). Parc Mediterrani de La Tecnologia, Edifici ESAB, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain; University of Carthage, Mograne Higher School of Agriculture, LR03AGR02 SPADD, Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia.
| | - José María Gil
- Center for Agro-Food Economics and Development (CREDA-UPC-IRTA). Parc Mediterrani de La Tecnologia, Edifici ESAB, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
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Ghosh A, Misra S, Bhattacharyya R, Sarkar A, Singh AK, Tyagi VC, Kumar RV, Meena VS. Agriculture, dairy and fishery farming practices and greenhouse gas emission footprint: a strategic appraisal for mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10160-10184. [PMID: 32060824 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rising global population would force farmers to amplify food production substantially in upcoming 3-4 decades. The easiest way to increase grain production is through expanding cropping area by clearing uncultivated land. This is attained by permitting deadly loss of carbon (C) stocks, jeopardizing ecosystem biodiversity and deteriorating environmental quality. We aim to propose key agronomical tactics, livestock management strategy and advance approaches for aquaculture to increase productivity and simultaneously reduce the environmental impacts of farming sector. For this, we considered three major sectors of farming, i.e. agriculture, fishery and dairy. We collected literatures stating approaches or technologies that could reduce GHG emission from these sectors. Thereafter, we synthesized strategies or options that are more feasible and accessible for inclusion in farm sector to reduce GHG emission. Having comprehensively reviewed several publications, we propose potential strategies to reduce GHG emission. Agronomic practices like crop diversification, reducing summer fallow, soil organic carbon sequestration, tillage and crop residue management and inclusion of N2-fixing pulses in crop rotations are some of those. Livestock management through changing animals' diets, optimal use of the gas produced from manures, frequent and complete manure removal from animal housing and aquaculture management strategies to improve fish health and improve feed conversion efficiency could reduce their GHG emission footprint too. Adapting of effective and economic practices GHG emission footprint reduction potential of farming sector could make farming sector a C neutral enterprise. To overcome the ecological, technological and institutional barriers, policy on trade, tax, grazing practice and GHG pricing should be implemented properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ghosh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India.
| | - Sukanya Misra
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, West Bengal, 736 165, India
| | | | - Abhijit Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462038, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Vikas Chandra Tyagi
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Ram Vinod Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284 003, India
| | - Vijay Singh Meena
- ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263601, India
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Bordoloi N, Baruah KK, Hazarika B. Fertilizer management through coated urea to mitigate greenhouse gas (N 2O) emission and improve soil quality in agroclimatic zone of Northeast India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11919-11931. [PMID: 31975013 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soils are an important source of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. The comprehensive effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on N2O emission from paddy fields of India have not been evaluated under field conditions. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizers, namely, conventional fertilizer (NPK), starch-coated urea (SCU), neem-coated urea (NCU), and normal urea alone (NUA) on soil quality, grain yield, and N2O emission from rice field. Gas samples were collected from the field at weekly intervals by static chamber technique and analyzed in a gas chromatograph. During the crop-growing season, the application of NPK resulted in the highest cumulative N2O emission (2.49 kg N2O-N ha-1) followed by NUA (2.34 kg N2O-N ha-1), NCU (2.20 kg N2O-N ha-1), and SCU (1.97 kg N2O-N ha-1). As against the application of conventional fertilizer (NPK), the application of SCU and NCU reduced the total N2O emission by 21% and 12%, respectively (p < 0.05), during the rice-growing period. The results indicate a good correlation of N2O emissions with soil organic carbon, soil mineral nitrogen, and urease activity (p < 0.05) at different stages of crop growth. Application of SCU significantly increased the rice grain productivity by 12%, 10%, and 3% over NPK (control), NCU, and NUA respectively without affecting the soil quality and nutrient status. The use of SCU improved the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and was the effective substitute for conventional fertilizer in terms of reducing N2O emissions from tropical rice paddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmali Bordoloi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India
| | - Kushal Kumar Baruah
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Barbie Hazarika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre of Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
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Qian H, Huang S, Chen J, Wang L, Hungate BA, van Kessel C, Zhang J, Deng A, Jiang Y, van Groenigen KJ, Zhang W. Lower-than-expected CH 4 emissions from rice paddies with rising CO 2 concentrations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2368-2376. [PMID: 32003939 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2 ) generally increases carbon input in rice paddy soils and stimulates the growth of methane-producing microorganisms. Therefore, eCO2 is widely expected to increase methane (CH4 ) emissions from rice agriculture, a major source of anthropogenic CH4 . Agricultural practices strongly affect CH4 emissions from rice paddies as well, but whether these practices modulate effects of eCO2 is unclear. Here we show, by combining a series of experiments and meta-analyses, that whereas eCO2 strongly increased CH4 emissions from paddies without straw incorporation, it tended to reduce CH4 emissions from paddy soils with straw incorporation. Our experiments also identified the microbial processes underlying these results: eCO2 increased methane-consuming microorganisms more strongly in soils with straw incorporation than in soils without straw, with the opposite pattern for methane-producing microorganisms. Accounting for the interaction between CO2 and straw management, we estimate that eCO2 increases global CH4 emissions from rice paddies by 3.7%, an order of magnitude lower than previous estimates. Our results suggest that the effect of eCO2 on CH4 emissions from rice paddies is smaller than previously thought and underline the need for judicious agricultural management to curb future CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Qian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environmental Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Chris van Kessel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Aixing Deng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kees Jan van Groenigen
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Hai NN, Chuong NN, Tu NHC, Kisiala A, Hoang XLT, Thao NP. Role and Regulation of Cytokinins in Plant Response to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E422. [PMID: 32244272 PMCID: PMC7238249 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones that not only regulate plant growth and development but also mediate plant tolerance to drought stress. Recent advances in genome-wide association studies coupled with in planta characterization have opened new avenues to investigate the drought-responsive expression of CK metabolic and signaling genes, as well as their functions in plant adaptation to drought. Under water deficit, CK signaling has evolved as an inter-cellular communication network which is essential to crosstalk with other types of phytohormones and their regulating pathways in mediating plant stress response. In this review, we revise the current understanding of CK involvement in drought stress tolerance. Particularly, a genetic framework for CK signaling and CK crosstalk with abscisic acid (ABA) in the precise monitoring of drought responses is proposed. In addition, the potential of endogenous CK alteration in crops towards developing drought-tolerant crops is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Hai
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Environmental and Life Science, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2 Canada
| | - Nguyen Nguyen Chuong
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Cam Tu
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada;
| | - Xuan Lan Thi Hoang
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Thao
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Kumar SS, Kumar A, Singh S, Malyan SK, Baram S, Sharma J, Singh R, Pugazhendhi A. Industrial wastes: Fly ash, steel slag and phosphogypsum- potential candidates to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:124824. [PMID: 31590026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waste management and global warming are the two challenging issues of the present global scenario. Increased human population has set the platform for rapid industrialization and modern agriculture. The industries such as energy, steel, and fertilizers play a significant role in improving the social, and economic status of human beings. The industrial production of energy (that involves combustion of coal), production of steel items and diammonium ammonium fertilizer generate a huge amount of wastes such as fly ash (FA), steel slag (SS) and phosphogypsum (PG), respectively. Inappropriate dumping of any kind of waste poses a threat to the environment, therefore, scientific management of waste is required to reduce associated environmental risks. These wastes i.e. SS, FA, and PG being rich sources of oxides of calcium (CaO), silicon (SiO2), iron (FeO), and aluminum (Al2O3), etc. may affect the release of greenhouse gases from the soil. The information associated with the application of FA, SS, and PG onto the paddy fields and their impacts on methane and nitrous oxide emissions are highly fragmented and scarce. The present review extensively and critically explores the available information with respect to the effective utilization of FA, SS, and PG in paddy cultivation, their potential to mitigate greenhouse gases emission and their associated mechanisms. The fine grid assessment of these waste management provides new insight into the next level research and future policy options for industries and farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita S Kumar
- Center for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Dayalbagh Educational Institute Deemed University), Agra, 282005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Institute for Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Shahar Baram
- Institute for Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Center for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Aamer M, Shaaban M, Hassan MU, Guoqin H, Ying L, Hai Ying T, Rasul F, Qiaoying M, Zhuanling L, Rasheed A, Peng Z. Biochar mitigates the N 2O emissions from acidic soil by increasing the nosZ and nirK gene abundance and soil pH. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109891. [PMID: 32063300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a pervasive greenhouse gas, and soil management practices greatly affect its release into the atmosphere. Soil pH management (particularly increasing the pH) using biochar can seriously affect soil N2O emissions. The current incubation experiment was conducted to explore the response of N2O emissions from acidic soils using various doses of biochar. Soil with a pH of 5.48 was treated with rice straw biochar at different doses (0%, 1% and 2%) and incubated with 60% water-filled pore spaces (WFPS). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The soil N2O emissions, pH, NH4+-N, NO3--N, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and nosZ and nirK gene abundance were determined at various intervals throughout the study. The biochar application (2%) increased the soil pH (from 5.48 to 6.11), triggered the transformation of nitrogen, and augmented the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes. Higher magnitudes of cumulative soil N2O emissions (48.60 μg kg-1) were noted in the control (no biochar) compared to 1% (28.10 μg kg-1) and 2% (14.50 μg kg-1) biochar application. The 2% biochar application more effectively decreased the soil N2O emissions, mainly because of the increased nosZ and nirK gene abundance at higher soil pH levels. The findings suggest that the amelioration of acidic soil with rice straw biochar can considerably control soil N2O emissions by elevating the soil pH and the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Huang Guoqin
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Liu Ying
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tang Hai Ying
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Fahd Rasul
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ma Qiaoying
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Li Zhuanling
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Adnan Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhang Peng
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Malyan SK, Bhatia A, Kumar SS, Fagodiya RK, Pugazhendhi A, Duc PA. Mitigation of greenhouse gas intensity by supplementing with Azolla and moderating the dose of nitrogen fertilizer. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yang YD, Xu HS, Li DY, Liu JN, Nie JW, Zeng ZH. Methane emissions responding to Azolla inoculation combined with midseason aeration and N fertilization in a double-rice cropping system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20352-20363. [PMID: 31102229 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG), and paddy fields are major sources of CH4 emissions. This pot experiment was conducted to investigate the integrated effects of Azolla inoculation combined with water management and N fertilization on CH4 emissions in a double-rice cropping system of Southern China. Results indicated that midseason aeration reduced total CH4 emissions by 46.9%, 38.6%, and 42.4%, followed by N fertilization with 32.5%, 17.0%, and 29.5% and Azolla inoculation with 32.5%, 17.0%, and 29.5%, on average, during the early, late, and annual rice growing seasons, respectively. The CH4 flux peaks and total CH4 emissions observed in the late rice growing season were significantly higher than those in the early rice growing season. Additionally, CH4 fluxes correlated negatively to soil redox potential (Eh) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Azolla inoculation and N fertilization greatly increased the rice grain yields, whereas midseason aeration had distinct effects on grain yields in both rice seasons. The highest annual rice grain yields of approximately 110 g pot-1 were obtained in the Azolla inoculation and N fertilization treatments. In terms of yield-scaled CH4 emission, Azolla inoculation combined with midseason aeration and N fertilization generated the lowest yield-scaled CH4 emissions both in the early and in the late rice growing seasons, as well as during the annual rice cycle. In contrast, the highest yield-scaled CH4 emission was obtained in the treatment employed continuous flooding, without Azolla and no N application. Our results demonstrated that Azolla inoculation, midseason aeration, and N fertilization practices mitigated total CH4 emissions by 18.5-42.4% during the annual rice cycle. We recommend that the combination of Azolla inoculation, midseason aeration, and appropriate N fertilization can achieve lower CH4 emissions and yield-scaled CH4 emissions in the double-rice growing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - He-Shui Xu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201415, China
| | - Deng-Yun Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Na Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiang-Wen Nie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhao-Hai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture of China, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Gorh D, Baruah KK. Estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emission from wetland rice paddies with reference to global warming potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16331-16344. [PMID: 30977006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are two important greenhouse gases (GHG) and contribute largely to global warming and climate change. The impact of physiological characteristics of rice genotypes on global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) is not well documented. A 2-year field experiment was conducted with eight summer rice varieties: Dinanath, Joymoti, Kanaklata, Swarnabh, IR 64, Tapaswami (modern varieties), Number 9, and Jagilee Boro (indigenous varieties) for two successive seasons (December-June, 2015-2016 and December-June, 2016-2017) to estimate their GWP and GHGI. The GWP of the rice varieties ranged from 841.52 to 1288.67 kg CO2-equiv. ha-1 and GHGI from 0.184 to 0.854 kg CO2-equiv. kg-1 grain yield. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in seasonal GHG emission, GWP, GHGI, CEE (carbon equivalent emission), photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and grain productivity among the rice varieties were observed during the investigation. A good correlation of GWP (p < 0.01) was recorded with rate of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the varieties. The present study reveals a strong relationship between plant biomass (p < 0.01) with GWP and CEE of the rice varieties. The variety IR 64 and Number 9 are identified as the most suitable variety with lowest GWP (909.85 and 876.68 kg CO2-equiv. ha-1 respectively) and GHGI (0.192 and 0.227 kg CO2-equiv. kg-1 grain yield respectively) accompanied by higher grain productivity (4839 and 3867 kg ha-1 respectively). Observations from the study suggest that agricultural productivity and GHG mitigation can be simultaneously achieved by proper selection of rice genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Gorh
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Kushal Kumar Baruah
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India.
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Responses of Soil Respiration and Organic Carbon to Straw Mulching and Ridge Tillage in Maize Field of a Triple Cropping System in the Hilly Region of Southwest China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil disturbance by tillage practices promotes soil respiration which is a main source of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different tillage practices on soil respiration and the carbon source/sink characteristics of maize farmland ecosystems in the wheat–maize–soybean cropping system. Six tillage treatments, namely, traditional tillage (T), ridge tillage (R), traditional tillage + straw mulching (TS), ridge tillage + straw mulching (RS), traditional tillage + straw mulching + decomposing inoculants (TSD), and ridge tillage + straw mulching + decomposing inoculants (RSD), were used to measure the soil respiration and its hydrothermal factors. The results showed that the intensity of soil respiration increased initially and decreased afterwards throughout the growth period of maize ranging from 1.011 to 5.575 μmol (m2·s)−1. The soil respiration rate under different treatments varied remarkably presenting a trend of RSD > TSD > TS > RS > T > R. Ridge tillage reduced the soil respiration rate of maize farmland while straw mulching improved it. Meanwhile, ridge tillage and straw mulching increased the soil temperature sensitivity index of soil respiration, but the addition of decomposing inoculants reduced this trend. The soil moisture response threshold under ridge tillage was lower, while the straw mulching was found to increase it, compared with the control. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between trapped soil fauna and soil respiration. Compared with the control, ridge tillage and straw mulching were beneficial to the carbon sink of the farmland ecosystem as shown by the maize field for the entire growing season.
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43
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Effects of Different Types of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Yield, and Water Consumption of Paddy Fields in Cold Region of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091639. [PMID: 31083450 PMCID: PMC6539989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water management and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are the two main driving factors of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, two irrigation modes, controlled irrigation (CI) and flood irrigation (FI), and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0: 0, N1:,85, N2:,110, and N3:,135 kg·hm-2) were set to study the effect of different irrigation modes and N fertilizer amount on greenhouse-gas emissions of paddy fields in cold region by using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method; yield and water consumption were also analyzed. The results showed that, compared with FI, CI significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 19.42~46.94%, but increased N2O emissions by 5.66~11.85%. Under the two irrigation modes, N fertilizers could significantly increase N2O emissions, but the CH4 emissions of each N treatment showed few differences. Compared with FI, appropriate N application under CI could significantly increase grain number per spike, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight, thus increasing yield. Under the two irrigation modes, water consumption increased with the increase of N application rate, and the total water consumption of CI was significantly lower than that of FI. The global warming potential (GWP) of CI was significantly smaller than that of FI. The trend of GWP in each treatment was similar to that of CH4. Through comprehensive comparison and analysis of water productivity (WP), gas emission intensity (GHGI), and the yield of each treatment, we found that CI+N2 treatment had the highest WP (2.05 kg·m-3) and lowest GHGI (0.37 kg CO2-eq·kg-1), while maintaining high yield (10224.4 kg·hm-2). The results of this study provide an important basis for guiding high yield, water-savings, and emission reduction of paddy fields in cold regions.
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Jiang Y, Qian H, Wang L, Feng J, Huang S, Hungate BA, van Kessel C, Horwath WR, Zhang X, Qin X, Li Y, Feng X, Zhang J, Deng A, Zheng C, Song Z, Hu S, van Groenigen KJ, Zhang W. Limited potential of harvest index improvement to reduce methane emissions from rice paddies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:686-698. [PMID: 30449058 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple food for nearly half of the world's population, but rice paddies constitute a major source of anthropogenic CH4 emissions. Root exudates from growing rice plants are an important substrate for methane-producing microorganisms. Therefore, breeding efforts optimizing rice plant photosynthate allocation to grains, i.e., increasing harvest index (HI), are widely expected to reduce CH4 emissions with higher yield. Here we show, by combining a series of experiments, meta-analyses and an expert survey, that the potential of CH4 mitigation from rice paddies through HI improvement is in fact small. Whereas HI improvement reduced CH4 emissions under continuously flooded (CF) irrigation, it did not affect CH4 emissions in systems with intermittent irrigation (II). We estimate that future plant breeding efforts aimed at HI improvement to the theoretical maximum value will reduce CH4 emissions in CF systems by 4.4%. However, CF systems currently make up only a small fraction of the total rice growing area (i.e., 27% of the Chinese rice paddy area). Thus, to achieve substantial CH4 mitigation from rice agriculture, alternative plant breeding strategies may be needed, along with alternative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyu Qian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinfei Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Chris van Kessel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - William R Horwath
- Department of Land, Air & Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- Department of Land, Air & Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Feng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Aixing Deng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyan Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - Weijian Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Runkle BRK, Suvočarev K, Reba ML, Reavis CW, Smith SF, Chiu YL, Fong B. Methane Emission Reductions from the Alternate Wetting and Drying of Rice Fields Detected Using the Eddy Covariance Method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:671-681. [PMID: 30566833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice cultivation contributes 11% of the global 308 Tg CH4 anthropogenic emissions. The alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation practice can conserve water while reducing CH4 emissions through the deliberate, periodic introduction of aerobic soil conditions. This paper is the first to measure the impact of AWD on rice field CH4 emissions using the eddy covariance (EC) method. This method provides continuous, direct observations over a larger footprint than in previous chamber-based approaches. Seasonal CH4 emissions from a pair of adjacent, production-sized rice fields under delayed flood (DF) and AWD irrigation were compared from 2015 to 2017. Across the 2 fields and 3 years, cumulative CH4 emissions in the production season were in the range of 7.1 to 31.7 kg CH4-C ha-1 for the AWD treatment and in the range of 75.7-141.6 kg CH4-C ha-1 for the DF treatments. Correcting for field-to-field differences in CH4 production, the AWD practice reduced seasonal CH4 emissions by 64.5 ± 2.5%. The AWD practice is increasingly implemented for water conservation in the mid-south region of the United States; however, based on this study, it also has great potential for reducing CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele L Reba
- USDA-ARS Delta Water Management Research Unit , Jonesboro , Arkansas 72401 , United States
| | | | | | - Yin-Lin Chiu
- USDA-ARS Delta Water Management Research Unit , Jonesboro , Arkansas 72401 , United States
| | - Bryant Fong
- USDA-ARS Delta Water Management Research Unit , Jonesboro , Arkansas 72401 , United States
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46
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Guo C, Ren T, Li P, Wang B, Zou J, Hussain S, Cong R, Wu L, Lu J, Li X. Producing more grain yield of rice with less ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gases emission using slow/controlled-release urea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2569-2579. [PMID: 30474811 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields contaminate the atmospheric environment and lead to global warming. Field trials (2013-2015) were conducted to estimate the influences of different types of fertilization practices on grain yield, NH3 volatilization, and methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in a double rice cropping system in Central China. Results showed that grain yields of rice were improved significantly by using slow/controlled-release urea (S/C-RU). Compared with farmers' fertilizer practice (FFP) treatment, average annual grain yield with application of polymer-coated urea (CRU), nitrapyrin-treated urea (CP), and urea with effective microorganism (EM) treatments was increased by 18.0%, 16.2%, and 15.4%, respectively. However, the effects on NH3 volatilization and CH4 and N2O emissions differed in diverse S/C-RU. Compared with that of the FFP treatment, the annual NH3 volatilization, CH4 emission, and N2O emissions of the CRU treatment were decreased by 64.8%, 19.7%, and 35.2%, respectively; the annual CH4 and N2O emissions of the CP treatment were reduced by 33.7% and 40.3%, respectively, while the NH3 volatilization was increased by 18.5%; the annual NH3 and N2O emissions of the EM treatment were reduced by 6.3% and 28.7%, while the CH4 emission was improved by 4.3%. Overall, CP showed the best emission reduction with a decrement of 34.3% in global warming potential (GWP) and 44.4% in the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), followed by CRU treatment with a decrement of 21.1% in GWP and 31.7% in GHGI, compared with that of the FFP treatment. Hence, it is suggested that polymer-coated urea can be a feasible way of mitigating NH3 volatilization and CH4 and N2O emission from rice fields while maintaining or increasing the grain yield in Chinese, the double rice cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of P. R. China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jialong Zou
- Soil and Fertilizer Station of Jingzhou County, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lishu Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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47
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Appiah K, Du J, Poku J. Causal relationship between agricultural production and carbon dioxide emissions in selected emerging economies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24764-24777. [PMID: 29926327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Continuous threat posed by climate change caused by carbon dioxide emission has reignited global advocacy to confront its negative ramification with the greatest possible firmness. Global food security and agriculture face major challenges under climate change as a result of the potential negative effect of production and implementation of sectoral action to limit global warming. Overall, agricultural greenhouse emissions continue to rise and the analysis of superior data on emissions from farming, livestock, and fisheries can help countries identify opportunities to contemporaneously reduce emissions and address their food security. This study seeks to contribute to the recent literature by examining the causal relationship between agriculture production and carbon dioxide emissions in selected emerging economies for the period 1971 to 2013. The study, therefore, disaggregated agriculture production into crop production index and livestock production index to explicate the distinct and to find individual variable contribution to carbon dioxide emissions. By using FMOLS and DOLS, empirical results indicate that 1% increase in economic growth, crop production index, and livestock production index will cause a proportional increase in carbon dioxide emission by 17%, 28%, and 28% correspondingly, while 1% increase in energy consumption and population improves the environment of emerging economies. The direction of causality among the variables was, accordingly, examined using PMG estimator. Potentially, for emerging countries to achieve Sustainable Development Goal of ensuring zero hunger for their citizenry requires the need to alter their farming production techniques and also adopt agricultural technology method, which is more environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Appiah
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
- Accountancy Department, Kumasi Technical University, Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Jianguo Du
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - John Poku
- Accountancy Department, Kumasi Technical University, Box 854, Kumasi, Ghana
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48
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Frank S, Beach R, Havlík P, Valin H, Herrero M, Mosnier A, Hasegawa T, Creason J, Ragnauth S, Obersteiner M. Structural change as a key component for agricultural non-CO 2 mitigation efforts. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29535309 PMCID: PMC5849693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is the single largest source of anthropogenic non-carbon dioxide (non-CO2) emissions. Reaching the climate target of the Paris Agreement will require significant emission reductions across sectors by 2030 and continued efforts thereafter. Here we show that the economic potential of non-CO2 emissions reductions from agriculture is up to four times as high as previously estimated. In fact, we find that agriculture could achieve already at a carbon price of 25 $/tCO2eq non-CO2 reductions of around 1 GtCO2eq/year by 2030 mainly through the adoption of technical and structural mitigation options. At 100 $/tCO2eq agriculture could even provide non-CO2 reductions of 2.6 GtCO2eq/year in 2050 including demand side efforts. Immediate action to favor the widespread adoption of technical options in developed countries together with productivity increases through structural changes in developing countries is needed to move agriculture on track with a 2 °C climate stabilization pathway. To achieve the climate target of the Paris Agreement substantial emission reductions will be required across economic sectors. Here the authors show that agriculture can make a significant contribution to non-CO2 mitigation efforts through structural change in the livestock sector and the deployment of technical options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frank
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria.
| | - Robert Beach
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria.,RTI International, Research Triangle Park, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Durham, 27709-2194, NC, USA
| | - Petr Havlík
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Hugo Valin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 306 Carmodi Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Aline Mosnier
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria.,Center for Social & Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba-City, 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jared Creason
- Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, 20460, DC, USA
| | - Shaun Ragnauth
- Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, 20460, DC, USA
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
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49
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Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Jiang Y, van Groenigen KJ, Huang S, Hungate BA, van Kessel C, Hu S, Zhang J, Wu L, Yan X, Wang L, Chen J, Hang X, Zhang Y, Horwath WR, Ye R, Linquist BA, Song Z, Zheng C, Deng A, Zhang W. Higher yields and lower methane emissions with new rice cultivars. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4728-4738. [PMID: 28464384 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Breeding high-yielding rice cultivars through increasing biomass is a key strategy to meet rising global food demands. Yet, increasing rice growth can stimulate methane (CH4 ) emissions, exacerbating global climate change, as rice cultivation is a major source of this powerful greenhouse gas. Here, we show in a series of experiments that high-yielding rice cultivars actually reduce CH4 emissions from typical paddy soils. Averaged across 33 rice cultivars, a biomass increase of 10% resulted in a 10.3% decrease in CH4 emissions in a soil with a high carbon (C) content. Compared to a low-yielding cultivar, a high-yielding cultivar significantly increased root porosity and the abundance of methane-consuming microorganisms, suggesting that the larger and more porous root systems of high-yielding cultivars facilitated CH4 oxidation by promoting O2 transport to soils. Our results were further supported by a meta-analysis, showing that high-yielding rice cultivars strongly decrease CH4 emissions from paddy soils with high organic C contents. Based on our results, increasing rice biomass by 10% could reduce annual CH4 emissions from Chinese rice agriculture by 7.1%. Our findings suggest that modern rice breeding strategies for high-yielding cultivars can substantially mitigate paddy CH4 emission in China and other rice growing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kees Jan van Groenigen
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Chris van Kessel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhai Wu
- Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, UK
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environmental Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoning Hang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - William R Horwath
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rongzhong Ye
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Bruce A Linquist
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhenwei Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Aixing Deng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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