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Munir R, Muneer A, Sadia B, Younas F, Zahid M, Yaseen M, Noreen S. Biochar imparted constructed wetlands (CWs) for enhanced biodegradation of organic and inorganic pollutants along with its limitation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:425. [PMID: 38573498 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The remediation of polluted soil and water stands as a paramount task in safeguarding environmental sustainability and ensuring a dependable water source. Biochar, celebrated for its capacity to enhance soil quality, stimulate plant growth, and adsorb a wide spectrum of contaminants, including organic and inorganic pollutants, within constructed wetlands, emerges as a promising solution. This review article is dedicated to examining the effects of biochar amendments on the efficiency of wastewater purification within constructed wetlands. This comprehensive review entails an extensive investigation of biochar's feedstock selection, production processes, characterization methods, and its application within constructed wetlands. It also encompasses an exploration of the design criteria necessary for the integration of biochar into constructed wetland systems. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of recent research findings pertains to the role of biochar-based wetlands in the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants. The principal objectives of this review are to provide novel and thorough perspectives on the conceptualization and implementation of biochar-based constructed wetlands for the treatment of organic and inorganic pollutants. Additionally, it seeks to identify potential directions for future research and application while addressing prevailing gaps in knowledge and limitations. Furthermore, the study delves into the potential limitations and risks associated with employing biochar in environmental remediation. Nevertheless, it is crucial to highlight that there is a significant paucity of data regarding the influence of biochar on the efficiency of wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands, with particular regard to its impact on the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Munir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Muneer
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Sadia
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fazila Younas
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Recycled Smelter Slags for In Situ and Ex Situ Water and Wastewater Treatment—Current Knowledge and Opportunities. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Slags from the ferrous and nonferrous metallurgical industries have been used to treat toxic contaminants in water and wastewater. Using slag as a recycling or renewable resource rather than a waste product has environmental and economic benefits. Recycled smelter slags can be used in both in situ and ex situ treatment. However, their application has some limitations. One of the challenges is how to handle spent slag adsorbents, as they contain the accumulation of solid waste loaded with high concentrations of toxic contaminants. These challenges can be overcome by regeneration, recycling, reuse, and immobilization treatment of spent slag adsorbents. The present paper explored the scientific and technical information about the composition, reaction mechanisms, adsorption capacity, and opportunities of recycled slags while adsorbing toxic compounds from contaminated water. It comprehensively reviewed the current state of the art for using smelting slags as sustainable adsorbents for water and wastewater. The study revealed that ferrous slags are more effective in removing a wide range of toxic chemicals than nonferrous smelter slags. It investigated the necessary improved approach through the 5Rs (i.e., reduce, reuse, recycle, remove, and recover) using smelter slags as reactive materials in ex situ and in situ treatment.
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Zheng C, Zhang X, Gan L, He Z, Zhu J, Zhang W, Gao Y, Yang L. Effects of biochar on the growth of Vallisneria natans in surface flow constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66158-66170. [PMID: 34331223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs), biochar was added to an SFCW matrix. The effects of adding different amounts of biochar on water purification, the growth of Vallisneria natans (V. natans), and microbial mechanisms were explored through SFCW simulation experiments. The results showed that through the joint action of biochar and V. natans, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen in the effluent significantly decreased. The total biomass, relative growth rate, and chlorophyll content of V. natans were significantly reduced by adding biochar (≥20%, v/v), as the root activity and the root to leaf biomass ratio slightly increased at first and then decreased. The carbon and nitrogen contents of V. natans slightly increased with the addition of biochar (≥10%, v/v), but the phosphorus content slightly decreased. Moreover, the nitrogen content of the matrices decreased significantly over time (P<0.05), and the phosphorus content in the matrix showed an increasing trend in the same period. In addition, the microbial 16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that the diversity and abundance of the microbial community in the matrix of the biochar-added SFCW tended to decrease. Nevertheless, the abundance of functional bacteria related to nitrogen and phosphorus removal (i.e., Pseudomonas and Dechloromonas) slightly increased, which would benefit denitrification and dephosphorization in the SFCW. Hence, the addition of biochar to the SFCW matrix facilitated the improvement of effluent water quality, while excessive biochar addition (≥10%, v/v) restrained the growth of V. natans but did not cause death. This conclusion provides valid data support regarding the ability of biochar-added SFCW to purify lightly contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofang He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Patyal V, Jaspal D, Khare K. Materials in constructed wetlands for wastewater remediation: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2853-2872. [PMID: 34595802 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater treatment industry is constantly evolving to abate emerging contaminants and to meet stringent legislative requirements. The existing technologies need to be modified, or new innovative treatment techniques need to be developed to ensure environmental protection and secure sustainability in the future. Emphasis is mainly on nutrient recovery, energy-efficient systems, zero waste generation, and environmentally friendly techniques. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have evolved as natural, eco-friendly, economical, and low-maintenance alternatives for wastewater remediation. These wetlands employ several materials as adsorbents for the treatment, commonly known as media/substrate. This review paper presents an assessment of various materials that can be used as substrates in CWs for the efficient removal of organic and non-biodegradable pollutants in different types of wastewaters. The effect of pH, mineral composition, specific surface area, and porosity of various natural materials and agricultural and industrial wastes used as media in CWs for wastewater remediation was discussed. The study showed that different substrates like alum sludge, limestone, coal slags, rice husk, and sand had removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD): 71.8%-82%, total phosphorous (TP): 77%-80%, and total nitrogen (TN): 52%-82% for different types of wastewaters. It also highlights the challenges related to the long-term sustainability of these materials. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Physicochemical characteristics influence the removal efficiency of the materials Life of media is also important along with removal efficiency and cost The sustainability of materials is very crucial for the overall performance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Patyal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
| | - Dipika Jaspal
- Department of Applied Science, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
| | - Kanchan Khare
- Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India
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The Use of Constructed Wetland for Mitigating Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Agricultural Runoff: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The loss of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in agricultural runoff is a global environmental problem, attracting worldwide attention. In the last decades, the constructed wetland has been increasingly used for mitigating the loss of nitrogen and phosphate from agricultural runoff, while the substrate, plants, and wetland structure design remain far from clearly understood. In this paper, the optimum substrates and plant species were identified by reviewing their treatment capacity from the related studies. Specifically, the top three suitable substrates are gravel, zeolite, and slag. In terms of the plant species, emergent plants are the most widely used in the constructed wetlands. Eleocharis dulcis, Typha orientalis, and Scirpus validus are the top three optimum emergent plant species. Submerged plants (Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria natans), free-floating plants (Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor), and floating-leaved plants (Nymphaea tetragona and Trapa bispinosa) are also promoted. Moreover, the site selection methods for constructed wetland were put forward. Because the existing research results have not reached an agreement on the controversial issue, more studies are still needed to draw a clear conclusion of effective structure design of constructed wetlands. This review has provided some recommendations for substrate, plant species, and site selections for the constructed wetlands to reduce nutrients from agricultural runoff.
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Zhu T, Gao J, Huang Z, Shang N, Gao J, Zhang J, Cai M. Comparison of performance of two large-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands treating wastewater treatment plant tail-water: Contaminants removal and associated microbial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111564. [PMID: 33126198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of contaminants in large-scale integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) and vertical-flow constructed wetland (VCW) for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) tail-water was evaluated, and the microbial community was also investigated in this study. The results for 14 months study period indicated that 40.05% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 45.47% ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), 62.55% total phosphorus (TP), 55.53% total nitrogen (TN) and 57.20% total suspended solids (TSS) average removal efficiencies were achieved in the IVCW. There was a poor performance of TN removal in the VCW, with an average removal efficiency of 38.13%. There was no significant seasonal difference in TP removal, and a strong positive correlation between influent TP load and removed load. The high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were dominant in nature and wetland systems. The relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and anammox bacteria confirmed that nitrification, denitrification and anammox may be the main processes for nitrogen removal in the IVCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongdou Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jingqing Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- School of Water Conservancy and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Na Shang
- Zhengzhou Yuanzhihe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
| | - Jianlei Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450003, PR China
| | - Ming Cai
- Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450003, PR China
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Shen S, Li X, Cheng F, Zha X, Lu X. Review: recent developments of substrates for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in CWs treating municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29837-29855. [PMID: 32472508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Substrates are the main factor influencing the performance of constructed wetlands (CWs), and especially play an important role in enhancing the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from CWs. In the recent 10 years, based on the investigation of emerged substrates used in CWs, this paper summarizes the removal efficiency and mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus by a single substrate in detail. The simultaneous removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus by different combined substrates is emphatically analyzed. Among them, the reuse of industrial and agricultural wastes as water treatment substrates is recommended due to the efficient pollutant removal efficiency and the principle of waste minimization, also more studies on the environmental impact and risk assessment of the application, and the subsequent disposal of saturated substrates are needed. This work serves as a basis for future screening and development of substrates utilized in CWs, which is helpful to enhance the synchronous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as improve the sustainability of substrates and CWs. Moreover, further studies on the interaction between different types of substrates in the wetland system are desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Shen
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangkui Cheng
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zha
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China.
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Witthayaphirom C, Chiemchaisri C, Chiemchaisri W. Optimization of reactive media for removing organic micro-pollutants in constructed wetland treating municipal landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24627-24638. [PMID: 31346849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The removal of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) from landfill leachate in constructed wetland (CW) media having different material mixtures of sand (S), clay (C), and iron powder (Fe) was investigated using experimental column study. The use of S:C:Fe media consisting of 60:30:10% (w/w) and cattail as vegetation was found optimum for the removals of 2,6-DTBP, BHT, DEP, DBP, and DEHP at 67.5-75.4% during long-term operation of 373 days. Adsorption and biodegradation were confirmed as predominant mechanisms for their removal in CW media but their contribution in total removal varied depending on chemical properties of OMPs. Adsorption kinetic could be well explained by pseudo-second-order whereas biodegradation kinetic followed first-order reaction. The adsorption affinity of OMPs to CW media was S:C:Fe > S:C > S in descending order. This study demonstrated high and sustainable removal of OMPs during long-term operation of CW with the optimized reactive media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanid Witthayaphirom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chart Chiemchaisri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Wilai Chiemchaisri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Facile method to granulate drinking water treatment residues as a potential media for phosphate removal. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wang Y, Cai Z, Sheng S, Pan F, Chen F, Fu J. Comprehensive evaluation of substrate materials for contaminants removal in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134736. [PMID: 31715485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considerable number of studies have been carried out to develop and apply various substrate materials for constructed wetlands (CWs), however, there is a lack of method and model for comprehensive evaluation of different types of CWs substrates. To this end, this article summarized nearly all the substrate materials of CWs available in the literatures, including natural materials, agricultural/industrial wastes and artificial materials. The sources and physicochemical properties of various substrate materials, as well as their removal capacities for main water contaminants including nutrients, heavy metals, surfactants, pesticides/herbicides, emerging contaminants and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were comprehensively described. Further, a scoring model for the substrate evaluation was constructed based on likely cost, availability, permeability, reuse and contaminant removal capacities, which can be used to select the most suitable substrate material for different considerations. The provided information and constructed model contribute to better understanding of CWs substrate for readers, and help solve practical problems on substrates selection and CWs construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Fei Pan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Fenfei Chen
- Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Batool A. Metal accumulation from leachate by polyculture in crushed brick and steel slag using pilot-scale constructed wetland in the climate of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31508-31521. [PMID: 31478177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The temperate climate of Pakistan has enhanced the performance of macrophytes grown in crushed brick and steel slag in constructed wetland for removal of heavy metals from leachate. Two pilot-scale constructed wetlands [constructed wetland 1 (CW1) and constructed wetland 2 (CW2)] were planted with a polyculture of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia in crushed brick and steel slag, respectively. These wetlands were located in the National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad campus, and operated for 15 months for treatment of leachate with climatic variations of Islamabad. The metal accumulation in a polyculture of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia and in substrates was analyzed in the laboratory of Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering located near wetland site. Despite the high temperature in summer season, removal of Cu, Zn, and Pb was efficient due to the synergistic combination of macrophytes and substrates in both wetlands. Substrates acted as a primary sink of metals and enhanced metal accumulation in the plant's roots which resulted in poor translocation of Cu, Zn, and Pb to shoots. Despite the variation in precipitation and temperature during summer and winter seasons, the average removal of copper, zinc, and lead was 95%, 91%, and 89% by polyculture in crushed brick in CW1 and 97%, 95%, and 91% in steel slag in CW2, respectively. A The variation in climate has a negligible effect on the sorption of metals by both substrates in CW1 and CW2. Furthermore, Phragmites australis with crushed brick in CW1 was efficient for removal of Zn and Typha latifolia was performing better with steel slag in CW2 for significantly high removal of Cu and Pb in the climate of Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Batool
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Kumar S, Dutta V. Constructed wetland microcosms as sustainable technology for domestic wastewater treatment: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11662-11673. [PMID: 30879235 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland microcosms (CWMs) are artificially designed ecosystem which utilizes both complex and ordinary interactions between supporting media, macrophytes, and microorganisms to treat almost all types of wastewater. CWMs are considered as green and sustainable techniques which require lower energy input, less operational and maintenance cost and provide critical ecological benefits such as wildlife habitat, aquaculture, groundwater recharge, flood control, recreational uses, and add aesthetic value. They are good alternatives to conventional treatment systems particularly for smaller communities as well as distant and decentralized locations. The pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature are the key controlling factors while several other parameters such as hydraulic loading rates (HLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), diversity of macrophytes, supporting media, and water depth are critical to achieving better performance. From the literature survey, it is evaluated that the removal performance of CWMs can be improved significantly through recirculation of effluent and artificial aeration (intermittent). This review paper presents an assessment of CWMs as a sustainable option for treatment of wastewater nutrients, organics, and heavy metals from domestic wastewater. Initially, a concise note on the CWMs and their components are presented, followed by a description of treatment mechanisms, major constituents involved in the treatment process, and overall efficiency. Finally, the effects of ecological factors and challenges for their long-term operations are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science (DES), School of Environmental Science (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India
| | - Venkatesh Dutta
- Department of Environmental Science (DES), School of Environmental Science (SES), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India.
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13
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Almuktar SAAAN, Abed SN, Scholz M. Wetlands for wastewater treatment and subsequent recycling of treated effluent: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23595-23623. [PMID: 29959736 PMCID: PMC6096557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to water scarcity challenges around the world, it is essential to think about non-conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean freshwater. Environmental and public health problems may result from insufficient provision of sanitation and wastewater disposal facilities. Because of this, wastewater treatment and recycling methods will be vital to provide sufficient freshwater in the coming decades, since water resources are limited and more than 70% of water are consumed for irrigation purposes. Therefore, the application of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation has much potential, especially when incorporating the reuse of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which are essential for plant production. Among the current treatment technologies applied in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation, wetlands were concluded to be the one of the most suitable ones in terms of pollutant removal and have advantages due to both low maintenance costs and required energy. Wetland behavior and efficiency concerning wastewater treatment is mainly linked to macrophyte composition, substrate, hydrology, surface loading rate, influent feeding mode, microorganism availability, and temperature. Constructed wetlands are very effective in removing organics and suspended solids, whereas the removal of nitrogen is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands meeting the irrigation reuse standards. The removal of phosphorus is usually low, unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Pathogen removal from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless supplementary lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad A A A N Almuktar
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq
| | - Suhail N Abed
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK.
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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Zhang X, Lei Y, Yuan Y, Gao J, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Zhao S. Enhanced removal performance of Cr(VI) by the core-shell zeolites/layered double hydroxides (LDHs) synthesized from different metal compounds in constructed rapid infiltration systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9759-9770. [PMID: 29368203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nine kinds of LDHs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method under alkaline conditions with different combinations of trivalent metal compounds (FeCl3, AlCl3, CoCl3) and divalent metal compounds (CaCl2, MgCl2, ZnCl2), which were then coated in situ on the surface of zeolites to synthesize core-shell zeolites/LDHs composites. The zeolites before and after modification were characterized by SEM and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Using the different core-shell zeolites/LDHs and original zeolite substrates, the constructed rapid infiltration systems (CRIS) simulated test columns were set to treat the municipal sewage containing hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI). Isothermal adsorption tests were subsequently performed. The average removal efficiencies of the small-sized zeolites were much higher than those of the large-sized zeolites. For the small-sized zeolites, the Cr(VI) removal performances of the Mg-LDHs- and Al-LDHs-modified zeolite substrates were efficiently enhanced in particular, which could reach over 90%. And the removal rate of core-shell zeolites/ZnAl-LDHs reached 94.5%. Meanwhile, the maximum adsorption capacity of ZnAl-LDHs-modified zeolites could reach 51.0 mg/kg, indicating that the adsorption properties could be enhanced by ZnAl-LDHs coating. During the purification experiments, most of the LDHs-modified zeolites maintained their predominant chemical adsorption ability for the removal of Cr(VI). Therefore, the small-sized core-shell zeolites/ZnAl-LDHs composites could be used as potential substrates for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) in CRIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yu Lei
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingtian Gao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yinghe Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhouying Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangjie Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
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15
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Sizirici B, Yildiz I, AlYammahi A, Obaidalla F, AlMehairbi M, AlKhajeh S, AlHammadi TA. Adsorptive removal capacity of gravel for metal cations in the absence/presence of competitive adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7530-7540. [PMID: 29282663 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Locally available and low cost granular gravel as an adsorbent material was employed to determine its capacity to remove metal cations Cu(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) from single metal solution and landfill leachate samples. Adsorption kinetics and mechanism under different parameters including dosage, time, and pH were studied. It was found that the experimental results fitted to the Freundlich model suggesting an adsorption process on a multilayer heterogeneous surface for both single metal solution and landfill leachate samples. The adsorption of metal cations followed second-order kinetics occurring in a single step on the surface of gravel. The order of removal efficiency of metals was found to be Cu(II)(98%) > Fe(II)(87.5%) > Zn(II)(76.05%) > Ni(II)(36.38%) in single metal solution and Cu(II)(98.3%) > Fe(II)(83%) > Zn(II)(48%) > Ni(II)(27.32%) in landfill leachate sample at pH 7. The regeneration efficiency of the metals adsorbed on the gravel resulted in the order of Fe(II)(99.54%) > Cu(II)(99%) > Ni(II)(49.46%) > Zn (II)(2.25%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Sizirici
- Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Department, Khalifa University, P.O Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ibrahim Yildiz
- Chemistry Department, Khalifa University, P.O Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amnah AlYammahi
- Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Department, Khalifa University, P.O Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Obaidalla
- Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Department, Khalifa University, P.O Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Madeya AlMehairbi
- Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Department, Khalifa University, P.O Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahad AlKhajeh
- Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Department, Khalifa University, P.O Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tethkar AlQayed AlHammadi
- Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering Department, Khalifa University, P.O Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Abstract
Based on the improvements in the decontamination ability and decontamination range of constructed wetlands, this study of constructed wetland substrates was carried out using literature research and comparative meta-analysis. The results show that, for static adsorption, the absorption levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in a given constructed wetland are different. As for hydraulic load, the average removal rate of total nitrogen in wastewater is less than 50%. Compared with single substrates, a combination of substrates is typically superior in terms of the removal rate of sewage pollutants. Adsorption is the key in removing pollutants in constructed wetlands, and modification of the wetland materials is an effective way to improve the decontamination ability of the substrate material. At present, there are areas of potential improvement in the research on the development of new wetland materials for the study of pollutant characteristics, as well as a dearth of modification methods for single and reclaimable wetland substrates in constructed wetlands. These issues should be taken into account in the future studies on constructed wetland materials.
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17
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Lijuan C, Wei L, Jian Z, Yan Z, Manyin Z, Yinru L, Xiaoming K, Xinsheng Z, Xu P. Influence of substrate depth and particle size on phosphorus removal in a surface flow constructed wetland. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:2291-2298. [PMID: 28541936 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substrate adsorption is one of the main processes by which redundant phosphorus is removed from wastewater in surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs). The physical properties of the substrate, such as depth and particle size, will influence the amount of phosphorus adsorption. This study was carried out in a long-running intermittent inflow constructed wetland that covered a total area of 940.4 m2 in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China. We investigated how the concentrations of four phosphorus fractions, namely calcium phosphate (CaP), iron phosphate (FeP), adsorbed phosphorus (AdsP), and organic phosphorus (OP), varied between the surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface (10-20 cm) substrate and among the different substrate particle sizes. The total phosphorus concentrations in the substrate ranged from 154.97 to 194.69 mg/kg; CaP accounted for more than 80% of the total phosphorus content. The concentrations of OP were significantly higher in the surface layer than in the subsurface layer, but the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus were not significantly different between the two layers. The CaP, AdsP, and OP adsorption capacities were greater for small-sized substrate particles than for large-sized substrate particles. The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Lijuan
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ; ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Li Wei
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ; ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhou Jian
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ;
| | - Zhang Yan
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ;
| | - Zhang Manyin
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ;
| | - Lei Yinru
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ;
| | - Kang Xiaoming
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ;
| | - Zhao Xinsheng
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ;
| | - Pan Xu
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; and Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101309, China E-mail: ;
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18
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Domestic Wastewater Depuration Using a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland and Theoretical Surface Optimization: A Case Study under Dry Mediterranean Climate. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Long Y, Yi H, Chen S, Zhang Z, Cui K, Bing Y, Zhuo Q, Li B, Xie S, Guo Q. Influences of plant type on bacterial and archaeal communities in constructed wetland treating polluted river water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19570-9. [PMID: 27392623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Both bacteria and archaeal communities can play important roles in biogeochemical processes in constructed wetland (CW) system. However, the influence of plant type on microbial community in surface water CW remains unclear. The present study investigated bacterial and archaeal communities in five surface water CW systems with different plant species. The abundance, richness, and diversity of both bacterial and archaeal communities considerably differed in these five CW systems. Compared with the other three CW systems, the CW systems planted with Vetiveria zizanioides or Juncus effusus L. showed much higher bacterial abundance but lower archaeal abundance. Bacteria outnumbered archaea in each CW system. Moreover, the CW systems planted with V. zizanioides or J. effusus L. had relatively lower archaeal but higher bacterial richness and diversity. In each CW system, bacterial community displayed much higher richness and diversity than archaeal community. In addition, a remarkable difference of both bacterial and archaeal community structures was observed in the five studied CW systems. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial group (accounting for 33-60 %). Thaumarchaeota organisms (57 %) predominated in archaeal communities in CW systems planted with V. zizanioides or J. effusus L., while Woesearchaeota (23 or 24 %) and Euryarchaeota (23 or 15 %) were the major archaeal groups in CW systems planted with Cyperus papyrus or Canna indica L. Archaeal community in CW planted with Typha orientalis Presl was mainly composed of unclassified archaea. Therefore, plant type exerted a considerable influence on microbial community in surface water CW system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Key Laboratory of Water/Soil Toxic Pollutants Control and Bioremediation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Yi
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Sili Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhengke Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Kai Cui
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yongxin Bing
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Qiongfang Zhuo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Qingwei Guo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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20
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Li M, Li P, Du C, Sun L, Li B. Pilot-Scale Study of an Integrated Membrane-Aerated Biofilm Reactor System on Urban River Remediation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Linquan Sun
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
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