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Kim NY, Loganathan BG, Kim GB. Assessment of toxicity potential of freely dissolved PAHs using passive sampler in Kentucky Lake and Ohio River. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116833. [PMID: 39159572 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are characterized with high KOW values, which lead to their recalcitrant nature, bioaccumulation, and biotoxicity, adversely affects the environment. Passive samplers (PS) have proven effective in measuring bioavailable PAH concentrations for toxicity assessments. In this study, we used low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to measure freely dissolved PAH concentrations (Cfree) in Kentucky Lake (KL) and Ohio River (OH), USA. PAHs toxicity potential in sediment was assessed using equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmarks toxic units (ESBTUs) and the interstitial water toxic units (IWTUs) that were derived from OC-normalized concentration (COC) and Cfree, respectively. The Cfree in April and June were 127 and 97 times higher in OH than in KL, respectively. Moreover, ESBTUs were higher in both the KL and OH compared to the IWTUs, suggesting that ESBTUs overestimate the toxicity potential to organisms. These results indicate that PS provides a reliable method for assessing the toxicity potential in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeong Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Bommanna G Loganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Watershed Studies Institue, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071, USA
| | - Gi Beum Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Grundy JS, Lambert MK, Burgess RM. Passive Sampling-Based versus Conventional-Based Metrics for Evaluating Remediation Efficacy at Contaminated Sediment Sites: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:10151-10172. [PMID: 37364241 PMCID: PMC10404352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling devices (PSDs) are increasingly used at contaminated sites to improve the characterization of contaminant transport and assessment of ecological and human health risk at sediment sites and to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial actions. The use of PSDs after full-scale remediation remains limited, however, in favor of evaluation based on conventional metrics, such as bulk sediment concentrations or bioaccumulation. This review has three overall aims: (1) identify sites where PSDs have been used to support cleanup efforts, (2) assess how PSD-derived remedial end points compare to conventional metrics, and (3) perform broad semiquantitative and selective quantitative concurrence analyses to evaluate the magnitude of agreement between metrics. Contaminated sediment remedies evaluated included capping, in situ amendment, dredging and monitored natural recovery (MNR). We identify and discuss 102 sites globally where PSDs were used to determine remedial efficacy resulting in over 130 peer-reviewed scientific publications and numerous technical reports and conference proceedings. The most common conventional metrics assessed alongside PSDs in the peer-reviewed literature were bioaccumulation (39%), bulk sediments (40%), toxicity (14%), porewater grab samples (16%), and water column grab samples (16%), while about 25% of studies used PSDs as the sole metric. In a semiquantitative concurrence analysis, the PSD-based metrics agreed with conventional metrics in about 68% of remedy assessments. A more quantitative analysis of reductions in bioaccumulation after remediation (i.e., remediation was successful) showed that decreases in uptake into PSDs agreed with decreases in bioaccumulation (within a factor of 2) 61% of the time. Given the relatively good agreement between conventional and PSD-based metrics, we propose several practices and areas for further study to enhance the utilization of PSDs throughout the remediation of contaminated sediment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Grundy
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OLEM, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Edison, New Jersey 08837, United States
| | - Matthew K Lambert
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, OLEM, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
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Odetayo AA, Reible DD, Acevedo-Mackey D, Price C, Thai L. Development of polyoxymethylene passive sampler for assessing air concentrations of PCBs at a confined disposal facility (CDF). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114720. [PMID: 32473506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 76 μm polyoxymethylene (POM) strips were evaluated as a passive air sampler (PAS) for monitoring the volatile emissions from dredged material placed in confined disposal facilities (CDF). Laboratory evaluations were used to assess the uptake kinetics, average equilibrium time, and estimate the POM-air partition coefficients (KPOM-A) of 16 PCB congeners. The uptake kinetics defined the effective averaging time for air sampling and ranged from about a week for dichlorobiphenyls to 2 weeks or more for tetra- and pentachlorobiphenyls at ∼20 °C under internal mass transfer resistance control which was applicable for Log KPOM-A < 8. The measured Log KPOM-A for PCBs ranged from 5.65 to 9.34 and exhibited an average deviation of 0.19 log unit from the theoretical value of KPOM-W/KAW. The PAS approach was then tested with a preliminary field application (n = 17) at a CDF allowing equilibration over 42 days. The field application focused on lower congener PCBs as a result of the estimated increase in KPOM-A and longer uptake times expected at the low ambient temperatures during the field study (average of 3.5 °C). Total PCB air concentrations around the CDF averaged 0.32 ng/m3 and varied according to proximity to placement of the dredged materials and predominant wind directions. Average PAS concentration of low congener number PCBs (15, 18, 20/28, 31) were compared to available high volume air sampler (HVAS) measurements. The PAS concentrations were within 20% of HVAS in the dominant north and south directions and showed similar trends as east and west HVAS samplers although PAS concentrations were as much as an order of magnitude below the west HVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesewa A Odetayo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 911 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Danny D Reible
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 911 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Damarys Acevedo-Mackey
- U. S Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, MS. 39180, USA
| | - Cynthia Price
- U. S Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, MS. 39180, USA
| | - Le Thai
- U. S Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District, USA
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Yuan L, Han L, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Chen B. Simulation for dynamic release of oil from oil-contaminated marine sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16841-16852. [PMID: 32144708 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic oil release from oil-contaminated sediment to seawater was investigated in kinetic and factor experiments. Oil-release kinetic was described using a two-compartment first-order equation with rapid- and slow-release steps. The rapid-desorption-fraction rate (kr) was not affected by the ratio of solid-liquid, but significantly affected by sediment pollution level and salinity. The slow-desorption-fraction rate constant (ks) was affected by sediment pollution level, the ratio of solid-liquid, and salinity. Desorption efficiencies were 1.09-4.04%, increasing as the sediment pollution level and salinity increased and the ratio of solid-liquid decreased. Oil desorption was critically affected by sediment suspension (or lack of). The desorption kinetics curves were unaffected with the shear force for unsuspended sediment, and the desorption efficiency and kr were increasing with the shear force for suspended sediment, and no significant correlations were found between ks and hydrodynamic conditions. The results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating ecological risks posed by oil in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology, Tianjin, 300112, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Longxi Han
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Froger C, Quantin C, Gasperi J, Caupos E, Monvoisin G, Evrard O, Ayrault S. Impact of urban pressure on the spatial and temporal dynamics of PAH fluxes in an urban tributary of the Seine River (France). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:1002-1013. [PMID: 30682757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced by numerous anthropogenic activities are ubiquitous in the environment and have become a priority concern due to their potential severe biological impacts. A better understanding of PAH transfer at the catchment scale is therefore necessary to improve the management of PAH contaminants and protect rivers. Furthermore, the impact of changes in hydrological regimes and land uses on PAH fluxes should be specifically investigated. Accordingly, the current research monitors the contamination in atmospheric fallout, soils and rivers in a 950-km2 catchment (Orge River) characterized by an increasing urban gradient in downstream direction. During an entire hydrological year, river water contamination was quantified through regular sampling of both particulate and dissolved material at four river-monitoring stations, reflecting the increasing urbanization gradient. The significant input of PAHs from urban areas in downstream river sections corresponded to a specific PAH flux that reached 23 g km-2 y-1 despite the low sediment yield. Moreover, the comparison with runoff-specific fluxes reported in the literature underlined the major impact of urban runoff on the Orge River water and sediment quality. Nevertheless, the annual PAH load exported by the river (21 kg y-1) remained lower than the PAH inputs from atmospheric fallout (173 kg y-1), demonstrating the continuous accumulation of PAH from atmospheric fallout in the catchment soils. Consequently, the notably large PAH stock (close to 1000 tons) resulting from historical contamination of this early-industrialized region continues to increase due to ongoing atmospheric inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Froger
- Laboratoire des Sciences Du Climat et de L'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Cécile Quantin
- Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Johnny Gasperi
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), Université Paris-Est Créteil, UMR MA 102, Agro ParisTech, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Caupos
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), Université Paris-Est Créteil, UMR MA 102, Agro ParisTech, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Gaël Monvoisin
- Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences Du Climat et de L'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Ayrault
- Laboratoire des Sciences Du Climat et de L'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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6
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Ivanovsky A, Belles A, Criquet J, Dumoulin D, Noble P, Alary C, Billon G. Assessment of the treatment efficiency of an urban stormwater pond and its impact on the natural downstream watercourse. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 226:120-130. [PMID: 30114571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, stormwater ponds have become an alternative management practice in order to avoid flooding and to contain rainwater and runoff in urban areas where impervious land cover has increased. A second purpose of stormwater ponds is to improve the quality of runoff water that is usually contaminated with nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and organic micropollutants. Processes used are based on natural methods such as settlement and contribute to minimize the impact of these inputs to the natural aquatic system. This study aims to better understand the behavior of a wet stormwater pond, Heron Lake (33 ha) located in the city of Villeneuve d'Ascq in northern France through various indicators [trace metals, PAHs, PCBs, caffeine (CAF), carbamazepine (CBZ), nutrients and pathogens]. For that purpose, water quality was monitored for 1 year, mainly at the entrance and at the outlet of the lake. Sampling have also been done in the downstream aquatic environment, the Marque River. Sediments were sampled in the lake to evaluate the pollution trapped during sedimentation. Our results of both water and sediment sampling highlight: (i) the wastewater input into the Heron Lake is estimated to be equivalent to that of roughly 3800 inhabitants; (ii) the removal rates observed at the outlet, relative to concentrations at the entrance channel, vary as follows for these dissolved species: 24% for NO3- and PO43-, 28% for CBZ, 35% for Cu, 63% for Pb, 78% for CAF, 84% for Zn and up to 93% for NH4+; (iii) there are high levels of sediment contamination with metals, PAHs and PCBs at the entrance channel; (iv) the eutrophication of this pond is attributed to persistent high nutrient concentrations in both water and sediment, and has contributed to the development of an invasive macrophyte, the Elodea nuttallii; and (v) there appears to be only a negligible impact of the discharge from the lake to the natural watercourse, contributing annual loads of <2 up to 6% of the total amount of Cu, Pb, Zn, CAF, CBZ and nutrients measured in the Marque River, and having a slight diluting effect on concentrations in the Marque River.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ivanovsky
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - A Belles
- IMT Mines Douai, LGCgE, GCE, 59500, Douai, France
| | - J Criquet
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - D Dumoulin
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - P Noble
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8198 EEP, F-59000, Lille, France; DGSE - University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89503, USA
| | - C Alary
- IMT Mines Douai, LGCgE, GCE, 59500, Douai, France
| | - G Billon
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Belles A, Alary C, Aminot Y, Readman JW, Franke C. Calibration and response of an agarose gel based passive sampler to record short pulses of aquatic organic pollutants. Talanta 2017; 165:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Belles A, Alary C, Criquet J, Ivanovsky A, Billon G. Assessing the transport of PAH in the surficial sediment layer by passive sampler approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:72-81. [PMID: 27866736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new method based on passive samplers has been developed to assess the diffusive flux of fluorene, fluoranthene and pyrene in the sediment bed and across the sediment-water interface. The dissolved compound concentration gradient in the sediment in the vertical direction was measured at the outlet of a storm water pond by using polyethylene strips as passive samplers. Simultaneously, the dissipation of a set of tracer compounds preloaded in the passive samplers was measured to estimate the effective diffusion coefficients of the pollutants in the sediment. Both measurements were used to evaluate the diffusive flux of the compounds according to Fick's first law. The diffusive fluxes of the 3 studied compounds have been estimated with a centimetre-scale resolution in the upper 44cm of the sediment. According to the higher compound diffusion coefficient and the steeper concentration gradient in the surficial sediment layer, the results show that the net flux of compounds near the sediment interface (1cm depth) is on average 500 times higher than in the deep sediment, with average fluxes at 1cm depth on the order of 5, 0.1 and 0.1ng/m2/y for fluorene, fluoranthene and pyrene, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Belles
- Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508 Douai, France; Univ. Lille, F-59500 Lille, France.
| | - Claire Alary
- Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508 Douai, France; Univ. Lille, F-59500 Lille, France
| | - Justine Criquet
- LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Univ. Lille 1 Sciences and Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anastasia Ivanovsky
- LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Univ. Lille 1 Sciences and Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Gabriel Billon
- LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Univ. Lille 1 Sciences and Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Belles A, Alary C, Mamindy-Pajany Y, Abriak NE. Relationship between the water-exchangeable fraction of PAH and the organic matter composition of sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:512-518. [PMID: 27262414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of PAH on 12 different sediments was investigated and was correlated to their corresponding organic matter (OM) content and quality. For this purpose, the OM was precisely characterized using thermal analysis consisting in the successive combustion and quantification of the increasingly thermostable fractions of the OM. Simultaneously, the water-exchangeable fraction of the sorbed PAH defined as the amount of PAH freely exchanged between the water and the sediment (by opposition to the PAH harshly sorbed to the sediments particles) was determined using a passive sampler methodology recently developed. The water concentrations, when the sediment-water system is equilibrated, were also assessed which allows the determination of the sediment-water distribution coefficients without artifacts introduced by the non water-exchangeable fraction of PAH. Hence, the present study provides the distribution coefficients of PAH between the water and 4 different OM fractions combusted at a specific temperature range. The calculated distribution coefficients demonstrate that the sedimentary OM combusted at the intermediate temperature range (between 300 °C and 450 °C) drives the reversible sorption of PAH while the inferred sorption to the OM combusted at a lower and higher temperature range does not dominate the partitioning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Belles
- Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508 Douai, France; Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Claire Alary
- Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508 Douai, France; Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yannick Mamindy-Pajany
- Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508 Douai, France; Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nor-Edine Abriak
- Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508 Douai, France; Lille University of Science and Technology, F-59000 Lille, France
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Belles A, Alary C, Criquet J, Billon G. A new application of passive samplers as indicators of in-situ biodegradation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:347-354. [PMID: 27596821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a method for evaluating the in-situ degradation of nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) in sediments is presented. The methodology is adapted from the passive sampler technique, which commonly uses the dissipation rate of labeled compounds loaded in passive sampler devices to sense the environmental conditions of exposure. In the present study, polymeric passive samplers (made of polyethylene strips) loaded with a set of labeled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-PAH were immersed in sediments (in field and laboratory conditions) to track the degradation processes. This approach is theoretically based on the fact that a degradation process induces a steeper concentration gradient of the labeled compounds in the surrounding sediment, thereby increasing their compound dissipation rates compared with their dissipation in abiotic conditions. Postulating that the degradation magnitude is the same for the labeled compounds loaded in polyethylene strips and for their native homologs that are potentially present in the sediment, the field degradation of 3 nitro-PAH (2-nitro-fluorene, 1-nitro-pyrene, 6-nitro-chrysene) was semi-quantitatively analyzed using the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Belles
- Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508, Douai, France; Univ. Lille, F-59500, Lille, France.
| | - Claire Alary
- Mines Douai, LGCGE-GCE, F-59508, Douai, France; Univ. Lille, F-59500, Lille, France
| | - Justine Criquet
- LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, University Lille 1 Sciences and Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Gabriel Billon
- LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, University Lille 1 Sciences and Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Temperature Effects on Retention and Separation of PAHs in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Using Columns Packed with Fully Porous and Core-Shell Particles. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/7294105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of temperature on the reversed-phase chromatographic behavior of PAHs were investigated on three columns. The first was the recent C18column (250 mm × 4.6 mm) packed with 5 µm core-shell particles while the others were more conventional C18columns (250 mm × 4.6 mm) packed with fully porous particles. Among the 16 PAHs studied, special attention has been paid to two pairs of PAHs, fluorene/acenaphthene and chrysene/benzo[a]anthracene, which often present coeluting problems. Due to the low surface area of the core-shell particles, lowest retention time of each PAH was highlighted and effects of the temperature on the separation of PAHs were negligible in regard to those using columns packed with fully porous particles. For each PAH studied, it was demonstrated that peaks were symmetrical and may be considered as Gaussian peaks when the column packed with core-shell particle was employed. In the best condition, the separation of PAHs was conducted at 16°C under very low pressure values (670–950 psi = 46–65 bars). Depending on PAHs, the limit of detection ranged from 0.88 to 9.16 μg L−1. Analysis of spiked acetonitrile samples with PAHs at 10 and 50 µg L−1and tap water at 10 µg L−1gave very good recoveries (94%–109.3%) and high precision (1.1%–3.5%).
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