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Yang JR, Tang S, Li Y, Zhu J, Liu Z. Assessing the nutrient removal performance from rice-crayfish paddy fields by an ecological ditch-wetland system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38373. [PMID: 39386808 PMCID: PMC11462010 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Agricultural drainage from catchments significantly impacts aquatic ecosystems due to high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in runoff. While original ecological ditches and wetlands have demonstrated effectiveness in nutrient load removal, the overall impact of an ecological ditch-wetland system (EDWS) on agricultural nutrient removal has received limited attention. This study conducted a field experiment to investigate the physicochemical conditions and nutrient removal efficiency of an EDWS for purifying nutrient discharge from rice-crayfish paddy fields. Variations in water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and total suspended solids (TSS) within the EDWS were assessed. Nutrient concentrations-including total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP)-were monitored from the tillering to the ripening stage of the rice growth cycle. The evaluation of nutrient removal efficiencies in the EDWS revealed that ecological ditches exhibited higher removal efficiencies compared to wetlands. The average total removal efficiencies for TN, NH4-N, NO3-N, TP, and SRP were 37.50 %, 39.38 %, 38.62 %, 37.94 %, and 39.51 %, respectively, with peak removal efficiencies observed at specific growth stages of the rice crop. Furthermore, the study explored the influence of hydraulic retention time on nutrient removal efficiency in the EDWS, indicating higher nutrient discharge removal efficiencies under low water discharge rates. Linear regression analysis identified water discharge, influent nutrient loads, and TSS as significant factors affecting nutrient removal efficiency in the EDWS. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of EDWS in purifying nutrient discharge from rice-crayfish paddy fields, highlighting their potential as sustainable solutions for nutrient management in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun R. Yang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Shihao Tang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yiqi Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Zhangyong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
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2
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Liu D, Chen T, Gong Y, Chen X, Zhang W, Xiao R, Yang Y, Zhang T. Deciphering the key factors affecting pesticide residue risk in vegetable ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119452. [PMID: 38909947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination, particularly from pesticide residues, presents a significant challenge to the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems. Identifying the key factors influencing soil pesticide residue risk and implementing effective measures to mitigate their risks at the source are essential. Here, we collected soil samples and conducted a comprehensive survey among local farmers in the Three Gorges Reserve Area, a major agricultural production region in Southwest China. Subsequently, employing a dual analytical approach combining structural equation modeling (SEM) and random forest modeling (RFM), we examined the effects of various factors on pesticide residue accumulation in vegetable ecosystems. Our SEM analysis revealed that soil characteristics (path coefficient 0.85) and cultivation factor (path coefficient 0.84) had the most significant effect on pesticide residue risk, while the farmer factors indirectly influenced pesticide residues by impacting both cultivation factors and soil characteristics. Further exploration using RFM identified the three most influential factors contributing to pesticide residue risk as cation exchange capacity (CEC) (account for 18.84%), cultivation area (account for 14.12%), and clay content (account for 13.01%). Based on these findings, we carried out experimental trials utilizing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology, resulting in a significant reduction in soil pesticide residues and notable improvements in crop yields. Therefore, it is recommended that governmental efforts should prioritize enhanced training for vegetable farmers, promotion of eco-friendly plant protection methods, and regulation of agricultural environments to ensure sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwei Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tongtong Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yahui Gong
- College of Economics and Management, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xuanjing Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuheng Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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3
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Drall A, Mandal SK. Non-farm income and environmental efficiency of the farmers: Evidence from India. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30804. [PMID: 38778940 PMCID: PMC11109813 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of various agro-climatic shocks when agricultural income becomes highly volatile, farmers often undertake multiple jobholding and engage in non-farm activities for income smoothing. The earnings from these activities are often used to purchase productivity enhancing agricultural inputs. In this context, the impact of non-farm income on intensification of agricultural inputs and the consequent impact on over-all farm efficiency is well documented in the literature. However, with a rapid rise in usage of agricultural inputs with environmentally detrimental impact, very little is known about whether non-farm income has any impact on farmers' environmental efficiency-ability to reduce the amount of polluting inputs to the largest extent possible without reducing the amount of agricultural production. Our study fills the gap in the literature by analysing the impact of non-farm income on environmental efficiency of the farmers. We first estimate the environmental efficiency scores adopting the non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and using a household level panel data from Village Dynamics of South Asia project on Indian states for a span of five years (2010-2014). We then estimate the impact of non-farm income on environmental efficiency using Instrumental Variable Tobit Model. Our results show that average environmental efficiency of the Indian farmers was 46 % during the study period indicating the fact that a reduction in polluting agricultural inputs by 54 % was possible without compromising the level of farm production. We also find that for 1 % increase in non-farm income, environmental efficiency of farmers rises by around 4 %. This reflects the environment friendly behaviour of farmers as a channel through which non-farm activities affect usage of environmentally linked inputs. These results provide vital policy insights in terms of how non-farm activities could be integrated with policies related to farming, in order to ensure sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anviksha Drall
- T A Pai Management Institute, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Sabuj Kumar Mandal
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute Of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Elahi E, Li G, Han X, Zhu W, Liu Y, Cheng A, Yang Y. Decoupling livestock and poultry pollution emissions from industrial development: A step towards reducing environmental emissions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119654. [PMID: 38016232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
China has implemented policies like Leading areas for Agricultural Green Development (LAGD) to mitigate livestock and poultry farming pollution while promoting industry growth. However, it remains uncertain whether LAGDs have successfully balanced emission reduction with stable development. This study examines 165 LAGDs to analyze changes in emissions, assess the decoupling of emission reduction from output value, and identify influencing factors. Findings reveal that emissions from livestock and poultry in LAGDs initially increased and then decreased between 2010 and 2019. Cattle were responsible for over 40% of fecal emissions, and pigs for more than 20%. Additionally, pigs contributed to over 61% of urine emissions. From 2010 to 2014, increases in chemical oxygen demand were mainly due to pigs and cattle. Total nitrogen levels were significantly impacted by cattle, while pigs were affected by total phosphorus. From 2014 to 2019, reductions in emissions were largely attributed to a decrease in pig-related pollutants. The decoupling status shifted from strong to weak and then back to strong between 2014 and 2019. Production efficiency played a crucial role in reducing emissions, while changes in industrial structure moved from supporting to hindering this reduction. Economic development was a primary factor in driving these changes. Standard emissions in Chinese regions showed a rising and then declining trend from 2010 to 2019. The Northeast and Northwest regions of China demonstrated emission trends that were in sync with the growth in rural income. This study offers insights into the successes and challenges of LAGDs in achieving a balance between reduced emissions and development, using quantitative analysis. The findings are instrumental in informing policies for a sustainable livestock and poultry industry. Recommendations include evaluating coordinated approaches to pollution reduction and industrial growth, setting decoupling goals, designing policies based on influential factors, conducting regional assessments of livestock and poultry demand, and implementing region-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Elahi
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Technology (SDUT), Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China.
| | - Guojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xinru Han
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Center for Strategic Studies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Chinese Institute of Agricultural Development Strategies, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Rural Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - An Cheng
- Wu Jinglian School of Economics, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yadong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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5
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Li X, Shang J. Spatial interaction effects on the relationship between agricultural economic and planting non-point source pollution in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51607-51623. [PMID: 36810818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solving the contradiction between agricultural economic growth and agricultural environmental problems is a difficult problem in regional environmental governance. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2000 to 2019, spatial Dubin model (SDM) is used to analyze the influence of agricultural economic growth and other factors on planting non-point source pollution. Innovate from the perspective of research objects and research methods, and the research results show (1) In the past 20 years, the amount of fertilizer applied and crop straw yield increased continuously. Through the fertilizer and farmland solid waste discharge of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), calculation of the equal-standard discharges of planting non-point source pollution shows that China's planting non-point source pollution is serious. Among the investigated areas in 2019, the equal-standard discharges of planting non-point source pollution in Heilongjiang Province were the highest and have reached 24.35 × 1010 m3. (2) The global Moran index of 20 years in the study area shows obvious spatial aggregation and diffusion characteristics, and has a significant positive global spatial autocorrelation, indicating that planting non-point source pollution discharges of the study area have potential interdependence in space. (3) SDM time-fixed effect model showed that the equal-standard discharges of planting non-point source pollution had a significant negative spatial spillover effect, and the spatial lag coefficient was - 0.11. Among the influencing factors, agricultural economic growth, technological progress, financial support to agriculture level, consumption capacity, industrial structure, and risk perception have significant spatial spillover effects on planting non-point source pollution. The results of effect decomposition show that the positive spatial spillover effect of agricultural economic growth on adjacent areas is greater than the negative effect on the local area. Based on the analysis of significant influencing factors, the paper provides direction guidance for the formulation of planting non-point source pollution control policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Economy and Management, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jie Shang
- College of Economy and Management, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
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6
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Yan M, Zhao J, Qiao J, Han D, Zhu Q, Yang Y, Liu Q, Wang Z. Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Small Town Areas under the Background of Rapid Industrialization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2667. [PMID: 36768033 PMCID: PMC9915290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To promote sustainable agricultural development in small town areas during rapid industrialization, it is important to study the evolution of agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP) and its influencing factors in small town areas in the context of rapid industrialization. The non-point source inventory method was used to study the characteristics of ANSP evolution in 14 small town areas in Gongyi City from 2002 to 2019. Using the spatial Durbin model and geographical detectors, the factors influencing ANSP in small town areas were analyzed in terms of spatial spillover effects and the spatial stratified heterogeneity. The results showed a zigzagging downward trend of ANSP equivalent emissions over time. Spatially, the equivalent emissions of ANSP showed a distribution pattern of being high in the west and low in the east. There was a significant positive global spatial autocorrelation feature and there was an inverted "U-shaped" Environmental Kuznets Curve relationship between industrialization and ANSP. Affluence, population size, and cropping structure positively contributed to the reduction of ANSP. Population size, land size, and industrialization were highly influential factors affecting the spatial variation of ANSP and the interaction of these factors was bivariate or nonlinearly enhanced. This study provides a feasible reference for policymakers and managers to develop reasonable management measures to mitigate ANSP in small town areas during rapid industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Yan
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jianji Zhao
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jiajun Qiao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dong Han
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiankun Zhu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China
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7
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Dong M, He L, Jiang M, Zhu Y, Wang J, Gustave W, Wang S, Deng Y, Zhang X, Wang Z. Biochar for the Removal of Emerging Pollutants from Aquatic Systems: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1679. [PMID: 36767042 PMCID: PMC9914318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water contaminated with emerging pollutants has become a serious environmental issue globally. Biochar is a porous and carbon-rich material produced from biomass pyrolysis and has the potential to be used as an integrated adsorptive material. Many studies have shown that biochar is capable to adsorb emerging pollutants from aquatic systems and could be used to solve the water pollution problem. Here, we provided a dual perspective on removing emerging pollutants from aquatic systems using biochar and analyzed the emerging pollutant removal efficiency from the aspects of biochar types, pollutant types and coexistence with heavy metals, as well as the associated mechanisms. The potential risks and future research directions of biochar utilization are also presented. This review aims to assist researchers interested in using biochar for emerging pollutants remediation in aquatic systems and facilitate research on emerging pollutants removal, thereby reducing their environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Dong
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lizhi He
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Williamson Gustave
- School of Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of the Bahamas, Nassau 4912, Bahamas
| | - Shuo Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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8
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Yan X, Zhang Z, Chen L, Jiao C, Zhu K, Guo J, Pang M, Jin Z, Shen Z. Pesticide fate at watershed scale: A new framework integrating multimedia behavior with hydrological processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115758. [PMID: 35982562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution has been one serious ecological and environmental issue due to its wide application, high toxicity, and complex environmental behavior. The fugacity model has been widely used to quantify biogeochemical cycles of pesticides due to its clear compartments, simple structure, and easy-accessible data. However, the lack of detailed hydrological processes limits its application for large and heterogeneous watershed. In present study, a new framework was proposed through integration of hydrological processes of SWAT and pesticide fate of fugacity model, and was applied into a typical watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. The results showed that surface runoff, soil erosion, and percolation varied spatiotemporally, which highlighted the importance of considering regional and seasonal heterogeneity of pesticide transport variables in the fugacity model. The amount of dichlorvos (DDV) and chlorpyrifos (CHP) in air, water, soil, and sediment phase were estimated as 0.26 kg, 19.77 kg, 1.06 × 104 kg, and 0.55 kg, respectively. Spatiotemporally, pesticide concentrations in water phase peaked in summer, while the middle and southwest regions of the watershed were identified as the hotspots for pesticide pollution. Compared with the classical model, the new framework provided technical support for the pesticide assessment at watershed scale with heterogeneous hydrological conditions, which can be easily extended to other watersheds, and integrated with other models for comprehensive agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Cong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Kaihang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Mingyue Pang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
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Hou M, Xi Z, Zhao S. Evaluating the Heterogeneity Effect of Fertilizer Use Intensity on Agricultural Eco-Efficiency in China: Evidence from a Panel Quantile Regression Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116612. [PMID: 35682196 PMCID: PMC9180671 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fertilizer is one of the most important input factors in agricultural production, but the excessive use of fertilizer inevitably leads to the loss of agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE). Therefore, it is necessary to explore the impact of fertilizer use intensity (FUI) on AEE. However, ordinary panel regression, based on the assumption of parameter homogeneity may yield biased estimation conclusions. In this regard, a panel quantile regression model (QRM) was constructed with the provincial panel data of China from 1978–2020 to test the difference and variation of this impact under heterogeneous conditions. The model was then combined with the spatial econometric model to explore the effect of the spatial lag factor. The results are as follows: (1) The QSM has unveiled a great improvement space for AEE that remains low overall, despite displaying a rising trend; the highest AEE is in the eastern region. (2) The FUI has a significant negative effect on AEE with the rise in quantiles, this negative effect tended towards weakening overall, although it rebounded slightly; it was stronger in areas with low AEE. It is necessary to consider the heterogeneous conditions in comparison with the average treatment effect of ordinary panel econometric regressions. (3) The impact of FUI shows significant variability in different economic sub-divisions and different sub-periods. (4) After considering the spatial effect of fertilizer use, the negative influence on local AEE had a faster decay rate as the quantile rose, but could produce a positive spatial spillover effect on AEE in neighboring areas. Local governments should dynamically adjust and optimize their fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement policies according to the level and development stage of their AEE to establish a complete regional linked agroecological cooperation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Hou
- School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (M.H.); (Z.X.)
- Center of Resources Utilization and Environmental Conservation, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zenglei Xi
- School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; (M.H.); (Z.X.)
- Center of Resources Utilization and Environmental Conservation, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Suyan Zhao
- School of Management, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
- Natural Resource Asset Capital Research Center, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Resource and Environmental Pressures on the Transformation of Planting Industry in Arid Oasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105977. [PMID: 35627514 PMCID: PMC9140758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling environmental pollutant discharge and water resource demand is crucial for the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas in arid oases. Taking Ganzhou, an arid oasis in Northwest China, as an example, we established an analysis framework for the relationship between the planting industry transformation and the resource and environmental pressures, from 2011 to 2020, through the methods of inventory, coefficient and quota accounting. The results showed that the planting scale of crops in oases has continuously expanded, with a structural dominance of corn seed production. Pollutant discharge showed a “Z”-type evolution trend, and the demand for water consumption continued to increase. The transformation of the planting industry and pollutant discharge showed coupled trade-offs and a synergetic alternating fluctuations coupling relationship, which was highly co-evolutionary with the demand for water resources. Crop planting exhibited four spatial patterns, namely the mixed planting area of grain and cash crops grown in mountain areas (GCPA), suburban scale vegetable planting (SVPA), planting of seed production corn (MSPA), and the compound planting area of grain crops, oil crops, vegetables, and other characteristic crops (CMPA). MSPA and SVPA had the highest total and average volume per unit area, respectively. The planting industry transformation and evolution of resource and environment pressures are closely related to changes in national strategies, regional agricultural policies, and environmental regulations. Therefore, studying their relationships provides a scientific basis for the formulation of suitable countermeasures, according to the development stage of a region.
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11
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Risk Assessment of Nitrate Pollution in the Shallow Groundwater of the Mihe Alluvial–Diluvial Fan Based on a DEA Model. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Affected by excessive fertilizer application and livestock breeding, the problem of nitrate pollution in the groundwater in the Mihe alluvial–diluvial fan area is becoming increasingly prominent, which poses a great threat to human production and life. Given this, the risk of nitrate pollution in the shallow groundwater of the Mihe alluvial–diluvial fan is evaluated by introducing a data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Using this model, 28 groundwater sampling points are selected as the decision-making unit (DMU); the nitrogen and pesticide application rate, livestock and poultry stock, groundwater burial depth, aquifer water abundance, and vegetable planting area are taken as the model input; and the nitrate content is taken as the model output to quantitatively calculate the pollution risk index to form a spatial distribution map of pollution risk. The calculation using the model shows that the average pollution risk index of the study area is 0.382, the spatial variation is 1.12, the pollution risk index gradually decreases from south to north, and agricultural planting and livestock and poultry breeding are the main pollution sources. The calculation of nitrate pollution risk using this model not only enriches the nitrate pollution evaluation model but also provides a basis for further implementing the action of reducing fertilizer use by increasing its efficiency and strengthening the prevention of agricultural diffused pollution.
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Impact of Land Use Changes on the Surface Runoff and Nutrient Load in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic changes in land use/cover (LULC) patterns have taken place in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) after the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, which have led to hydrological and environment alterations. In this study, eight land use scenarios from 1980 to 2018 were used to evaluate the impact of LULC changes on runoff and nutrient load in the TGRA, using a validated version of the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Firstly, we analyzed the LULC characteristic. During the 38-year period, the LULC pattern showed an increase in forestland and a decrease in cropland. The cropland mainly changed into forestland. Construction land realized growth by encroaching mainly on cropland and forestland. Secondly, the temporal–spatial characteristics of runoff and nutrient load were analyzed. In the TGRA, surface runoff and nutrient load exhibited significant tempo-spatial heterogeneity. The runoff depth and the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads increased through 1980 to 2018, and 2005 was a turning point. After 2005, the annual average change rate was larger than before 2005. The area with a larger runoff depth was mainly distributed in the head and middle region as well as on the left bank of the TGRA. The middle and tail region of the TGRA generated relatively higher TN and TP loads. Lastly, the contributions of LULC types on runoff and nutrient load were explored. Forestland had the highest contribution rate to surface runoff, followed by cropland. Cropland had the highest contribution rate to TN and TP, follow by forestland. This study can provide a better understanding of the hydrological consequences of LULC changes and help watershed management in the TGRA.
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Liu Y, Cheng X, Li W. Agricultural chemicals and sustainable development: the agricultural environment Kuznets curve based on spatial panel model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51453-51470. [PMID: 33987724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive delivery of agricultural chemicals seriously threatens the ecology and environment of agricultural areas and restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. The analysis of agrochemical Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) adopting spatial econometric tools is limited. Therefore, this study adopted the spatial panel regression approach to analyze the agricultural chemicals EKC Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR). The results show that (1) both EKC curves of chemical fertilizer and pesticide of the TGRR are inverted U-shaped, and there are 53.8% and 42.3% of the counties/districts did not meet the inflection point of the EKC as regards to chemical fertilizer and pesticide. (2) The EKC of agricultural chemicals of the TGRR are stable, and the variables such as cultivated area and the urban-rural income disparity have impact on the occurrence of the inflection point of EKC. (3) There is the spatial "imitation and convergence" of agricultural chemicals among the counties in the TGRR. The findings indicate that the ecological and environmental situations of agriculture in the TGRR need urgent attention. Countermeasures aiming to alleviate the contradiction between ecological and economic development should be put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Accounting, Business School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
- Manufacturing Industry Development Research Center on Wuhan City Circle, Business School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Research Centre of Resource and Environmental Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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14
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Zhou P, Zhang D, Zhuang L, Zhang L, Yuan W, Singh RP. Assessment of runoff nutrients loss in Phyllostachys praecox cv. prevernalis forest land under simulated rainfall conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21874-21886. [PMID: 33411282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The loss regularity of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) of runoff under different rainfall intensity and different management practices in Phyllostachys praecox cv. prevernalis forest land was studied. The total nitrogen (TN) and CODMn concentration in runoff were significantly correlated with the rainfall intensity under the three management modes named as control, fertilization, and cover. Moreover, N mainly lost in the form of nitrate (NO3--N). Generally, the relationship between total and dissolved phosphorus (TP and DP) loss in the three management modes was estimated in following orders: coverage > fertilization > control. The loss of P was mainly in the granular state, and the loss of DP only accounted negligible amount of the TP loss. The loss of CODMn was closely related to the magnitude of rainfall intensity. Results revealed that CODMn concentration in runoff under fertilization and cover management was significantly correlated with the rain fall intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguo Zhou
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenrui Yuan
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Sikhosana MLM, Botha A, Monyatsi L M, Coetzee MAA. Evaluating the effect of seasonal temperature changes on the efficiency of a rhizofiltration system in nitrogen removal from urban runoff. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 274:111192. [PMID: 32798845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study presents an evaluation of nitrogen removal efficiency of a pilot-scale rhizofiltration system in Pretoria, South Africa. The rhizofiltration system was divided into two sections, one side planted with common reeds (Phragmites australis) and the other side was without plants kept as a control. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of seasonal temperature on the removal of nitrogen species from the simulated urban runoff using the rhizofiltration system. The final effluent from the filter was collected bimonthly at different sampling points for 10 months after an application time of 5 min and 25 min. Duplicate samples were taken to determine the concentrations of TKN (Total Kjeldahl nitrogen), ammonium, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for the raw influent and final effluent from the rhizofiltration system. Temperature and pH were determined on-site. During the monitoring period, there was no significant difference in the inflow concentration of ammonium in colder and warmer months for both planted and control sides. Furthermore, the composition of the feed medium to the rhizofilter was kept the same in both cold and warm season and for both planted and control sides. The removal of ammonium in colder and warmer months was not significant in both systems. At an average temperature increase of 5.2 °C in the warmer months, the ammonium removal efficiency in the planted side increased by 7.5%, while for the control side the removal efficiency increased by 2.4%. The difference in removal was not significant between the averages of effluent ammonium after an application time of 25 min in colder versus warmer months for the planted and control sides of the system. Furthermore, an increased nitrification rate was more evident in the planted than in the control side, which was subsequently denitrified. It was observed that 60.4% of nitrate concentration was potentially removed in the planted side whereas 45.4% was potentially denitrified in the control side. These results suggest positive correlation between nitrate concentration and the potential for denitrification. The nitrate removal efficiency dropped to 32.2% for the planted site and to 26.1% for the control system in colder months. Temperature had an effect on nitrogen removal, since nitrogen removal efficiency decreased in colder months. Complete nitrogen removal could not be achieved under the operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Sikhosana
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - A Botha
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mpenyane- Monyatsi L
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - M A A Coetzee
- Department of Environmental, Water & Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Zou L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Hu X. Assessment and analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution loads in China: 1978-2017. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110400. [PMID: 32174536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China's successful agriculture development has resulted in public concerned environmental problems. However, continuous and detailed data about Chinese agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) loads are lacking. To assess and analyze Chinese ANPSP loads from 1978 to 2017, an inventory analysis was performed, and a socioeconomic and spatiotemporal analysis in the scale of provinces was conducted. The results showed that the pollution loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) increased by 91.0%, 196.2% and 244.1%, respectively, and their variation underwent a free development stage, reform promotion stage, market regulation stage and policy incentive stage. The results of the pollution source analysis showed that over the past 40 years, the total percent contribution to COD by livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) and rural household waste (RHW) accounted for 83.1%-96.6%, the total percent contribution to TN by mineral fertilizers (MF) and LPB accounted for 72.3%-80.8%, and the total percent contribution to TP by LPB, RHW and MF accounted for 69.1%-88.6%. In addition, Shandong, Guangdong, Sichuan, and Henan were the top producers of ANPSP loads, and their COD, TN, and TP loads accounted for approximately 32%, 30%, and 35% of the national totals, respectively. The discharge intensity of COD, TN and TP decreased by 79.2%, 67.8%, and 62.6%, respectively. The discharge intensity exhibited a phasic feature that aligned with the national economic plan in the temporal scale and was closely related to the agricultural conditions in the spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Zou
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362021, China; Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Yansui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Xuedong Hu
- College of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Yang J, Wang Y, Fang S, Qiang Y, Liang J, Yang G, Feng Y. Evaluation of livestock pollution and its effects on a water source protection area in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18632-18639. [PMID: 32200474 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Livestock and poultry (LP) pollution affects water quality of water resources. In this study, spatio-temporal variations in amount, structure, and discharge of LP pollutant in the water source area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MR-SNWDP) in China on the county scale were analyzed. In this regard, the gray water footprint (GWF) was employed as an indicator for quantitative evaluation of LP pollution to measure the impact of these parameters on local water resources. Based on the statistical data for the time period of 2000-2017, the results showed that the total amount of LP farming has steadily increased, except for a slight decrease in the years 2007 and 2014. Also, the counties, Dengzhou (DZ), Neixiang (NX), and Xichuan (XC), are found to be the biggest polluters. The GWF of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was calculated to be 12.7, 8.6, and 2.8 billion m3 in 2017, respectively, with GWFTN > GWFTP > GWFCOD. The pollution of TN caused by LP has a greater impact on water quality than COD and TP. In 2017, the water pollution level (WPL) of water source area is 0.28, it means LP pollution required 28% of the total local water resources to be diluted. Additionally, the WPL for DZ, NX, and XC was found to be greater than 1, and it is concluded that the water resources of these regions face an environmental threat. Based on the area scale of the water sources, policies and incidence of diseases mainly affected the changes in the number of LP farming. On the county scale, the total amount and structure of LP was affected by factors such as terrain, traffic, economic level, and breeding mode. It is recommended that different policies and disposal methods should be adopted based the LP farming conditions in different cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yandong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanqi Fang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanfang Qiang
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiping Liang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaihe Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yongzhong Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Comparing Economics, Environmental Pollution and Health Efficiency in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234827. [PMID: 31805634 PMCID: PMC6926634 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As the modern economy develops rapidly, environmental pollution and human health have also been threatened. In recent years, relevant research has focused on subjects such as energy and economic, environmental pollution and health issues. Yet this has not considered the use of water resources and the impact of wastewater pollutant emissions on the economy and health. This article has combined the following factors like water consumption with wastewater discharge, pollutant concentration in sewage and local medical care expenditure and put them into the model of water resources, energy and health measurement, and a two-stage dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering undesirable outputs is applied to 30 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) to calculate the total efficiency, production efficiency and health efficiency in 2014-2017.The results show that the total efficiency values of most provinces are between 0.2 and 0.4, providing large room for improvement. Production efficiency and health efficiency have increased in recent years, but the health efficiency values of most provinces are still so low that they have dragged back the overall efficiency. The key impact indicators of different provinces are different, and each province should formulate different policies according to its own specific conditions so as to purposefully to deepen the energy, economic and medical reforms in each province, and also to promote sustainable economic development while improving health efficiency.
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A Review of Nitrogen Removal for Urban Stormwater Runoff in Bioretention System. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11195415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater quality and quantity control is a bioretention system. The removal efficiency of different pollutants under this system is generally satisfactory, except for nitrogen which is deficient in certain bioretention systems. Nitrogen has a complex biogeochemical cycle, and thus the removal processes of nitrogen are typically slower than other pollutants. This study summarizes recent studies that have focused on nitrogen removal for urban stormwater runoff and discusses the latest advances in bioretention systems. The performance, influencing factors, and design enhancements are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The review of current literature reveals that a bioretention system shows great promise due to its ability to remove nitrogen from stormwater runoff. Combining nitrification and denitrification zones with the addition of a carbon source and selecting different plant species promote nitrogen removal. Nevertheless, more studies on nitrogen transformations in a bioretention system and the relationships between different design factors need to be undertaken.
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Sharma A, Tiwari KN. Predicting non-point source of pollution in Maithon reservoir using a semi-distributed hydrological model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:522. [PMID: 31359154 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-point source (NPS) pollution has been emerged as a major cause for reduced water quality of a lake due to increased human interference and disturbances in the natural condition of the surrounding catchment. The impact is, even more, worsening in the monsoon season when there is increased surface runoff. In the present study, an attempt has been made to predict the seasonal (monsoon) NPS loading in terms of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorous in Maithon reservoir using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model. The SWAT model was initially calibrated using monthly runoff and sediment yield data of monsoon period for the year 1998-2005 using observed data of Rajdhanwar station followed by its validation for the observed monthly runoff and sediment data from Giridih and Santrabad for the same duration. The calibrated SWAT model was used to predict the sediment, total nitrogen, and phosphorous influx in the Maithon reservoir. It has been observed that average sediment yield from different micro-watersheds varies from 0.231 to 7.458 ton/ha, while average monthly nitrogen and phosphorous yields vary from 0.224 to 1.377 kg/ha and 0.073 to 0.363 kg/ha, respectively, during the monsoon period. On the other hand, the net monthly average sediment yield and total nitrogen and phosphorous yields in the reservoir were found to be 1.53 M ton, 1834.2 kg, 191.1 kg, respectively. The results indicate there is a substantial influx of nutrients and sediments into the Maithon reservoir. The study not only provides insights on the potential NPS pollutant loading in the reservoir but also enables to identify the hotspot of NPS pollution where immediate mitigation measures have to be taken at priority basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Sharma
- Civil Engineering Department, BRCM College of Engineering and Technology, Bahal, Haryana, 127028, India.
| | - K N Tiwari
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, India Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Temporal and Spatial Changes of Non-Point Source N and P and Its Decoupling from Agricultural Development in Water Source Area of Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative estimation of non-point source (NPS) pollution provides the scientific basis for sustainability in ecologically sensitive regions. This study combined the export coefficient model and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation to estimate the NPS nitrogen (NPS-N) and NPS phosphorus (NPS-P) loads and then evaluated their relationship with Primary Industrial Output Value (PIOV) in the water source area of the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) for 2000–2015. The estimated results show that: (1) dissolved nitrogen (DN) load increased 0.55%, and dissolved phosphorus (DP) load decreased 4.60% during the 15 years. Annual loads of adsorbed nitrogen (AN) and adsorbed phosphorus (AP) increased significantly before 2005 and then decreased after 2005. Compared with 2000, AN and AP loads in 2015 significantly decreased by 32.72% and 30.81%, respectively. Hanzhong Basin and Ankang Basin are key areas for controlling dissolved pollution, and southern and northern regions are key areas for adsorbed pollution. (2) From 2000 to 2005, NPS pollutants and PIOV showed weak decoupling status. By 2015, NPS pollutants had strong decoupling from PIOV in most counties. (3) Land use has been the main source of NPS-N and NPS-P pollution, accounting for about 75% of NPS-N and 50% of NPS-P based on the average value over the study period. In the future, various measures—such as returning cropland to forest and reducing the number of livestock—could be adopted to reduce the risk of NPS pollution. NPS pollution caused by livestock was grown over the past 15 years and had not yet been effectively controlled, which still needs to be urgently addressed. Collecting ground monitoring data and revising parameters are effective means to improve the accuracy of simulation, which deserve further study. The results will also provide scientific support for sustainable development in similar regions.
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Wang Y, Yang J, Liang J, Qiang Y, Fang S, Gao M, Fan X, Yang G, Zhang B, Feng Y. Analysis of the environmental behavior of farmers for non-point source pollution control and management in a water source protection area in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1126-1135. [PMID: 29758864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental behavior of farmers plays an important role in exploring the causes of non-point source pollution and taking scientific control and management measures. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the present study investigated the environmental behavior of farmers in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. Results showed that TPB could explain farmers' environmental behavior (SMC=0.26) and intention (SMC=0.36) well. Furthermore, the farmers' attitude towards behavior (AB), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) positively and significantly influenced their environmental intention; their environmental intention further impacted their behavior. SN was proved to be the main key factor indirectly influencing the farmers' environmental behavior, while PBC had no significant and direct effect. Moreover, environmental knowledge following as a moderator, gender and age was used as control variables to conduct the environmental knowledge on TPB construct moderated mediation analysis. It demonstrated that gender had a significant controlling effect on environmental behavior; that is, males engage in more environmentally friendly behaviors. However, age showed a significant negative controlling effect on pro-environmental intention and an opposite effect on pro-environmental behavior. In addition, environmental knowledge could negatively moderate the relationship between PBC and environmental intention. PBC had a greater impact on the environmental intention of farmers with poor environmental knowledge, compared to those with plenty environmental knowledge. Altogether, the present study could provide a theoretical basis for non-point source pollution control and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiping Liang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanfang Qiang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanqi Fang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Minxue Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaihe Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Baowen Zhang
- China Democratic League Central Committee, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Yongzhong Feng
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Circular Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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Wang B, Liu L, Huang G. Retrospective and prospective analysis of water use and point source pollution from an economic perspective-a case study of Urumqi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26016-26028. [PMID: 28942486 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, this study explored the dynamic trends of water use and point source pollution in Urumqi (2000-2014) from an economic perspective. Retrospective analysis results indicated that total GDP and GDP per capita increased around tenfold and a fivefold since 2000. Total, municipal and industrial water use had average annual growth rates of 3.96, 7.01, and 3.69%, respectively. However, agricultural water use, emissions of COD and NH3-N showed average annual decreases of 3.06, 12.40, and 4.74%. Regression models reveal that total water demand in Urumqi would keep monotonically increasing relationships with GDP and GDP per capita in the foreseeable years. However, the relations of specific water usage and economic growth showed diverse trends. In the future, the discharge of COD and NH3-N would further reduce with economic growth. It could be concluded that Urumqi has almost passed the stage where economic growth had caused serious environment deterioration, but the increasing water demand in Urumqi is still an urgent problem. The obtained results would be helpful for water resources management and pollution control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Guohe Huang
- Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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Peng Y, Zhou F, Cui J, Du K, Leng Q, Yang F, Chan A, Zhao H. Impact of socioeconomic and meteorological factors on reservoirs' air quality: a case in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing (TGRC), China over a 10-year period. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16206-16219. [PMID: 28540543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Dam's construction and industrial transfer have resulted in a new air pollution pattern with the potential to threaten the reservoir eco-environment. To assess the impact of socioeconomic factors on the pattern of air quality vairation and economical risks, concentrations of SO2, NO2, and PM10, industry genres, and meteorological conditions were selected in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing (TGRC) during 2006-2015. Results showed that air quality had improved to some extent, but atmospheric NO2 showed an increased trend during 2011-2015. Spatially, higher atmospheric NO2 extended to the surrounding area. The primary industry, especially for agriculture, had shown to be responsible for the remarkable increase of atmospheric NO2 (p < 0.01) due to the direct burning of agricultural straws and the emission of livestock breeding. The improvement of regional industrial structure and industrialization benefited air pollutant reductions, but construction industries had inhibited the improvement of regional air quality. In the tertiary industry, the cargo industry at ports had significantly decreased atmospheric NO2 as a result of eliminating the obsoleted small ships. Contrarily, the highway transportation had brought more air pollutants. The relative humidity was shown to be the main meteorological factor, which had an extremely remarkable relation with atmospheric SO2 (p < 0.01) and a significant correlation with atmospheric NO2 (p < 0.05), respectively. In the future, the development of agriculture and livestock breeding would make regional air quality improvement difficult, and atmospheric SO2, NO2, and PM10 deposition would aggravate regional soil and water acidification and reactivate heavy metal in soil and sediment, further to pose a high level of ecological risk in the TGRC and other countries with reservoirs in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengwu Zhou
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Qiangmei Leng
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- Research Center for Atmospheric Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Andy Chan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Hongting Zhao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Yuan C, Liu L, Ye J, Ren G, Zhuo D, Qi X. Assessing the effects of rural livelihood transition on non-point source pollution: a coupled ABM-IECM model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:12899-12917. [PMID: 28365845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution caused by anthropogenic activities and driven by changes in rural livelihood strategies in an agricultural system has received increasing attention in recent decades. To simulate the effects of rural household livelihood transition on non-point source (NPS) pollution, a model combining an agent-based model (ABM) and an improved export coefficient model (IECM) was developed. The ABM was adopted to simulate the dynamic process of household livelihood transition, and the IECM was employed to estimate the effects of household livelihood transition on NPS pollution. The coupled model was tested in a small catchment in the Dongting Lake region, China. The simulated results reveal that the transition of household livelihood strategies occurred with the changes in the prices of rice, pig, and labor. Thus, the cropping system, land-use intensity, resident population, and number of pigs changed in the small catchment from 2000 to 2014. As a result of these changes, the total nitrogen load discharged into the river initially increased from 6841.0 kg in 2000 to 8446.3 kg in 2004 and then decreased to 6063.9 kg in 2014. Results also suggest that rural living, livestock, paddy field, and precipitation alternately became the main causes of NPS pollution in the small catchment, and the midstream region of the small catchment was the primary area for NPS pollution from 2000 to 2014. Despite some limitations, the coupled model provides an innovative way to simulate the effects of rural household livelihood transition on NPS pollution with the change of socioeconomic factors, and thereby identify the key factors influencing water pollution to provide valuable suggestions on how agricultural environmental risks can be reduced through the regulation of the behaviors of farming households in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yuan
- Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jinwei Ye
- Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dong Zhuo
- Department of Land Resources Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxing Qi
- School of Government, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Yang B, Huang K, Sun D, Zhang Y. Mapping the scientific research on non-point source pollution: a bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4352-4366. [PMID: 27928755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A bibliometric analysis was conducted to examine the progress and future research trends of non-point source (NPS) pollution during the years 1991-2015 based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) of Web of Science (WoS). The publications referencing NPS pollution were analyzed including the following aspects: document type, publication language, publication output and characteristics, subject category, source journal, distribution of country and institution, author keywords, etc. The results indicate that the study of NPS pollution demonstrated a sharply increasing trend since 1991. Article and English were the most commonly used document type and language. Environmental sciences and ecology, water resources, and engineering were the top three subject categories. Water science and technology ranked first in distribution of journal, followed by Science of the total environment and Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. The USA took a leading position in both quantity and quality, playing an important role in the research field of NPS pollution, followed by the UK and China. The most productive institution was the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Acad Sci), followed by Beijing Normal University and US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS). The analysis of author keywords indicates that the major hotspots of NPS pollution from 1991 to 2015 contained "water," "model," "agriculture," "nitrogen," "phosphorus," etc. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of NPS pollution research and help readers to establish the future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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