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Palladini J, Terzaghi E, Bagnati R, Passoni A, Davoli E, Maspero A, Palmisano G, Di Guardo A. Environmental fate of sulfonated-PCBs: Soil partitioning properties, bioaccumulation, persistence, and mobility. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131853. [PMID: 37327608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two new classes of PCB metabolites were recently discovered: sulfonated-polychlorinated biphenyls (sulfonated-PCBs) and hydroxy-sulfonated-polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-sulfonated-PCBs). These metabolites, originating from PCB degradation, seem to possess more polar characteristics than their parent compounds. However, no other information, such as their chemical identity (CAS number) or their ecotoxicity or toxicity, is available so far, although more than about one hundred different chemicals were observed in soil samples. In addition, their physico-chemical properties are still uncertain since only estimations are available. Here we show the first evidence on the fate of these new classes of contaminants in the environment, producing results from several experiments, to evaluate sulfonated-PCBs and OH-sulfonated-PCBs soil partition coefficients, degradation in soil after 18 months of rhizoremediation, uptake into plant roots and earthworms, as well as a preliminary analytical method to extract and concentrate these chemicals from water. The results give an overview of the expected environmental fate of these chemicals and open questions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Palladini
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Davoli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Maspero
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palmisano
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
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Synthesis of BiOCl/C/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction: mercury lamp-driven heterojunction for efficient degradation of phenol. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-023-04979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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3
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Wang R, Zhao W, Cui N, Dong S, Su X, Liang H, Zhang N, Song Z, Tian F, Wang P. Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Hydroxylation Metabolization of Polychlorinated Biphenyl 101 in Laying Hens: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7279-7287. [PMID: 35649149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be metabolized into hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) that exhibit greater toxicity than their parent compounds. In particular, 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 101) is commonly found in chicken feeds and breeding environments, although information on the biotransformation of this PCB in chickens is lacking. In this study, the hydroxylation metabolization of PCB 101 was assessed based on in vitro trials with Sanhuang chicken liver microsomes and in vivo experiments with Hy-Line Brown hens. The para-substituted metabolite 4'-OH-PCB 101 is the predominant metabolite of PCB 101. 4'-OH-PCB 101 is preferentially retained in the chicken bloodstream and partly distributed into different tissues of laying hens. The blood-brain barrier can effectively prevent the OH-PCB from entering the brain, and the adipose tissue contains a relatively low residue concentration of the OH-PCB. The laying hen can deplete the OH-PCB via laying eggs and excrement. The ratio of 4'-OH-PCB 101/PCB 101 in egg yolk is about 1:2. These results first provide definite evidence for the previous hypothesis of the PCB 101 metabolism by chickens. They could assist in predicting the environmental fate of PCBs, and in the risk assessment of PCBs and OH-PCBs in chicken-based foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Na Cui
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Haijun Liang
- CHINA FEED Magazine Agency, Beijing 100710, China
| | - Na Zhang
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Zhichao Song
- Henan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Feifei Tian
- Shimadzu China Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
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4
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Zhang X, Liu N, Lu H, Zhu L. Molecular Mechanism of Organic Pollutant-Induced Reduction of Carbon Fixation and Biomass Yield in Oryza sativa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4162-4172. [PMID: 35324172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon fixation is fundamental for plant growth and is a key process driving the global carbon cycle. This study explored the mechanism of disturbed carbon fixation in Oryza sativa L. by organic pollutants 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB 61), 4'-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4'-OH-CB 61), 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo diphenyl ether (BDE 47), tricyclazole (TRI), and pyrene. The biomass of rice exposed to 4'-OH-CB 61, TRI, and BDE 47 was on average 80.63% of that of the control (p < 0.05), and the inhibition of net photosynthetic rate was 59.15% by 4'-OH-CB 61. Proteomics confirmed that 4'-OH-CB 61 significantly downregulated the enzymes in the photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway, which was attributed to the decrease in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the rate-limiting enzyme in the Calvin cycle. In detail, decreased Rubisco activity (6.96-33.44%) and downregulated OsRBCS2-5 encoding small Rubisco subunits (-6.80 < log2FC < -2.13) by 4'-OH-CB 61, TRI, and BDE 47 were in line with biomass yield reduction. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation suggested that the three pollutants potentially competed with CO2 for binding to the active sites in Rubisco, leading to reduced CO2 capture efficiency. These results revealed the molecular mechanism of organic pollution-induced rice yield reduction, contributing to improving the understanding of crop growth and carbon sequestration capacity of organics-contaminated soils globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Li Y, Bako CM, Saktrakulkla P, Lehmler HJ, Hornbuckle KC, Schnoor JL. Interconversion between methoxylated, hydroxylated and sulfated metabolites of PCB 3 in whole poplar plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147341. [PMID: 33933776 PMCID: PMC8610232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methoxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (MeO-PCBs) are overlooked metabolites of PCBs. In general, they are more toxic to plants than their parent congeners. However, information on the fate of MeO-PCBs and the relationship between methoxylated, hydroxylated and sulfated metabolites of PCBs in plants is scarce. In this work, poplar plants (Populus deltoides × nigra, DN34) were hydroponically and separately exposed to 4'-methoxy-4-monochlorobiphenyl (4'-MeO-PCB 3) and 4'-PCB 3 sulfate for 10 days to investigate the uptake, translocation and metabolism of MeO-PCBs and the relationship between methoxy-PCBs, hydroxyl-PCBs and PCB sulfates within plants. Results showed that 4'-MeO-PCB 3 and 4'-PCB 3 sulfate were taken up by the roots of poplar plants and translocated from roots to shoots and leaves. 4'-OH-PCB 3 and 4'-PCB 3 sulfate were identified as the hydroxylated metabolite and sulfate metabolite of 4'-MeO-PCB 3 in poplar, respectively. In the backward reaction, 4'-OH-PCB 3 and 4'-MeO-PCB 3 were found as metabolites of 4'-PCB 3 sulfate. For exposure groups, the yields of 4'-OH-PCB 3 produced from 4'-MeO-PCB 3 and 4'-PCB 3 sulfate were 1.29% and 0.13% respectively. The yield of 4'-PCB 3 sulfate which originated from 4'-MeO-PCB 3 in wood and root samples of exposure groups was only 0.02%. Only 0.04% of the initial mass of 4'-PCB 3 sulfate was transformed to 4'-MeO-PCB 3 in the exposure groups. The sulfation yield of 4'-OH-PCB 3 was higher than hydrolysis yield of 4'-PCB 3 sulfate, indicating that formation of PCB sulfates was predominant over the reverse reaction, the formation of hydroxy-PCBs. These results provide new perspective on the transport, metabolism, and fate of MeO-PCBs, and also help to better understand sources of OH-PCBs and PCB sulfates in the environment. This study provides the first evidence of interconversion of sulfate metabolites from methoxy-PCBs and methoxy-PCBs from PCB sulfates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Christian M Bako
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Panithi Saktrakulkla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jerald L Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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Rolli E, Vergani L, Ghitti E, Patania G, Mapelli F, Borin S. 'Cry-for-help' in contaminated soil: a dialogue among plants and soil microbiome to survive in hostile conditions. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5690-5703. [PMID: 34139059 PMCID: PMC8596516 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An open question in environmental ecology regards the mechanisms triggered by root chemistry to drive the assembly and functionality of a beneficial microbiome to rapidly adapt to stress conditions. This phenomenon, originally described in plant defence against pathogens and predators, is encompassed in the ‘cry‐for‐help’ hypothesis. Evidence suggests that this mechanism may be part of the adaptation strategy to ensure the holobiont fitness in polluted environments. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were considered as model pollutants due to their toxicity, recalcitrance and poor phyto‐extraction potential, which lead to a plethora of phytotoxic effects and rise environmental safety concerns. Plants have inefficient detoxification processes to catabolize PCBs, even leading to by‐products with a higher toxicity. We propose that the ‘cry‐for‐help’ mechanism could drive the exudation‐mediated recruitment and sustainment of the microbial services for PCBs removal, exerted by an array of anaerobic and aerobic microbial degrading populations working in a complex metabolic network. Through this synergistic interaction, the holobiont copes with the soil contamination, releasing the plant from the pollutant stress by the ecological services provided by the boosted metabolism of PCBs microbial degraders. Improving knowledge of root chemistry under PCBs stress is, therefore, advocated to design rhizoremediation strategies based on plant microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Rolli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vergani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Elisa Ghitti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giovanni Patania
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Mapelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy
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Lin F, Sun J, Liu N, Zhu L. Phytotoxicity and metabolic responses induced by tetrachlorobiphenyl and its hydroxylated and methoxylated derivatives in rice (Oryza sative L.). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105695. [PMID: 32272295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their biotransformation products, hydroxylated (OH-PCBs) and methoxylated derivatives (MeO-PCBs), have been detected in the environment and biota, especially crops. However, to date, little information is available on the phytotoxicity and metabolic responses induced by these chemicals in crops. In this study, we exposed rice (Oryza sative L.) seedlings to 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB-61) and its hydroxylated (4'-OH-CB-61) and methoxylated derivatives (4'-MeO-CB-61) at 0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 μg/L, respectively. After exposure for 14 days, significantly growth inhibition and oxidative damage were observed, among which the toxicities of 4'-OH-CB-61 and 4'-MeO-CB-61 were greater than that of the parent PCBs. Metabolomics analysis indicated that exposure to the three chemicals induced different metabolic responses. 4'-MeO-CB-61 mainly affected the saccharide catabolism, including pyruvate metabolism, the TCA cycle, the transfer of acetyl groups into mitochondria and the Warburg effect, resulting in a greater energy consumption. Moreover, both CB-61 and 4'-OH-CB-61 promoted several amino acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, thereby alleviating the potential ROS damage. This study for the first time evaluates and reveals the phytotoxicity of OH-PCBs and MeO-PCBs at the metabolic level, which attempts to provide important information for accurately evaluating the environmental risks of PCBs from the perspective of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjing Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Guan C, Wang C, Li Q, Ji J, Wang G, Jin C, Tong Y. LcSABP2, a salicylic acid binding protein 2 gene from Lycium chinense, confers resistance to triclosan stress in Nicotiana tabacum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109516. [PMID: 31394375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The triclosan (TCS) is one of the most commonly detected organic pollutants in the sewage sludge. TCS could induce phytotoxicity in plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound capable of enhancing plant growth and development. It is well documented that abiotic stress tolerance could be enhanced by exogenous application of SA. However, the regulatory mechanisms for functions of endogenous SA in plants' responses to xenobiotics stress remains unclear. Our results indicated that TCS suppressed plant growth by restricting photosynthesis, decreasing chlorophyll contents and inducing over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, SA or glutathione (GSH) application could significantly improve plant tolerance to TCS. Moreover, endogenous SA and the expression of a SA binding protein 2 (SABP2) gene were found to be elevated in tobacco under TCS treatment. The overexpression of LcSABP, a SABP2-like gene cloned from the leaves of Lycium chinense, markedly enhanced the SA content in the transgenic plants under TCS stress. The LcSABP-overexpressing plants presented higher photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes activities, GSH content and lower O2-•, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in comparison with WT tobacco with TCS treatment. One of the GSH synthesis-related gene, NtGSHS, also showed higher expression level in the transgenic tobacco in comparison with control plants with TCS stress treatment. These results indicated that SABP2 played a positive regulatory role in plant response to TCS stress via increasing the endogenous SA levels. The increased SA content might then increase the GSH content, probably through an increase in GR activity and GSHS gene expression, thus inducing the antioxidant and xenobiotics detoxification systems, which promoted TCS stress tolerance in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Bagnati R, Terzaghi E, Passoni A, Davoli E, Fattore E, Maspero A, Palmisano G, Zanardini E, Borin S, Di Guardo A. Identification of Sulfonated and Hydroxy-Sulfonated Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Metabolites in Soil: New Classes of Intermediate Products of PCB Degradation? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10601-10611. [PMID: 31412202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the identification of two classes of contaminants: sulfonated-PCBs and hydroxy-sulfonated-PCBs. This is the first published report of the detection of these chemicals in soil. They were found, along with hydroxy-PCBs, in soil samples coming from a site historically contaminated by the industrial production of PCBs and in background soils. Sulfonated-PCB levels were approximately 0.4-0.8% of the native PCB levels in soils and about twice the levels of hydroxy-sulfonated-PCBs and hydroxy-PCBs. The identification of sulfonated-PCBs was confirmed by the chemical synthesis of reference standards, obtained through the sulfonation of an industrial mixture of PCBs. We then reviewed the literature to investigate for the potential agents responsible for the sulfonation. Furthermore, we predicted their physicochemical properties and indicate that, given the low pKa of sulfonated- and hydroxy-sulfonated-PCBs, they possess negligible volatility, supporting the case for in situ formation from PCBs. This study shows the need of understanding their origin, their role in the degradation path of PCBs, and their fate, as well as their (still unknown) toxicological and ecotoxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Bagnati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS , Via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology , University of Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 Como , Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS , Via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Enrico Davoli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS , Via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Elena Fattore
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS , Via Mario Negri 2 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Angelo Maspero
- Department of Science and High Technology , University of Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 Como , Italy
| | - Giovanni Palmisano
- Department of Science and High Technology , University of Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 Como , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zanardini
- Department of Science and High Technology , University of Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 Como , Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences , University of Milan , Via Celoria 2 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology , University of Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 Como , Italy
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Zhu TK, Du PP, Zeng LJ, Lü H, Zhao HM, Li YW, Mo CH, Cai QY. Variation in metabolism and degradation of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) by high- and low-DBP accumulating cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and crude enzyme extracts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:1117-1127. [PMID: 31018452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crops can take up and accumulate di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an extensively used plasticizer with endocrine disrupting effect, which poses potential risk to human health. Our previous study found the genotype variation in accumulation of DBP by different cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Nevertheless, the effect of DBP metabolism in vivo on the accumulation variation among different plant cultivars remains unknown. In this study, metabolism variation of DBP by low (Fengyousimiao) and high (Peizataifeng) DBP-accumulating cultivars of rice and the key enzymes involving in DBP metabolism in rice plants were investigated using in vivo exposure of rice plants and in vitro exposure of root crude enzyme extracts. Both mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and phthalic acid (PA) were detected as DBP metabolites in all rice tissues (i.e., roots, stems, leaves) and crude enzyme extracts with MBP predominance. DBP metabolism occurred simultaneously when DBP uptake with the highest metabolism in roots in vivo. Degradation of DBP in root crude enzyme extracts fitted well with the first order kinetics (R2 = 0.49-0.76, P < 0.05). The activity of carboxylesterase (CXE) in root crude enzyme extracts was significantly positively correlated with DBP degradation rates. CXE played an important role in DBP metabolism of rice plants, confirming by the fact that triphenyl phosphate of CXE inhibitor could inhibit DBP metabolism of in vivo and in vitro exposure. This result was further confirmed by in vitro degradation of DBP with the commercial pure CXE. The crude enzyme solution from roots of Fengyousimiao with higher CXE activity had significantly higher DBP degradation rates than that of Peizataifeng. However, Fengyousimiao with lower tolerance to DBP stress and higher inhibition by triphenyl phosphate displayed lower DBP metabolism ability in vivo than Peizataifeng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kai Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pei-Pei Du
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-Juan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Puschner B, Gallego SM. Chemical hazards associated with milk and dairy. CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-877-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 149 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven M. Gallego
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Food Safety Services, 2135 Civic Center Drive, Redding, CA 96001, USA
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Sun H, Zhu L, Zhou D. POLSOIL: research on soil pollution in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1-3. [PMID: 29270901 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Nankai, China.
| | | | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sethi S, Chen X, Kass PH, Puschner B. Polychlorinated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether profiles in serum from cattle, sheep, and goats across California. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:63-73. [PMID: 28426942 PMCID: PMC5494844 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously been shown by our lab and others that persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are contaminants in milk produced for human consumption. To further this research we determined the concentration of 21 PCB and 14 PBDE congeners in livestock serum, mainly bovine, across California. Congeners were extracted from serum using solid phase extraction (SPE), cleaned up by silica cartridge and quantified using gas chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry. We detected significant differences among species and the production class of cattle (beef or dairy). The sum of all 21 PCB congeners (ΣPCBs) in caprine and ovine sera had a mean value of 9.26 and 9.13 ng/mL, respectively, compared to 3.98 ng/mL in bovine sera. The mean value for the sum of all 14 PBDE congeners (ΣPBDEs) in caprine and ovine sera was 2.82 and 2.39 ng/mL, respectively, compared to 0.91 ng/mL in bovine sera. Mean ΣPCBs in dairy cattle was 5.92 ng/mL compared to 2.70 ng/mL in beef cattle. Mean ΣPBDEs in dairy cattle was 1.33 ng/mL compared to 0.70 ng/mL in beef cattle. There were no regional differences in the ΣPCBs or ΣPBDEs in cattle distributed across California. These results highlight the fact that livestock are still being exposed to these pollutants yet little is known about where this exposure may be coming from.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - X Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - P H Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - B Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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Chen X, Lin Y, Dang K, Puschner B. Quantification of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Commercial Cows' Milk from California by Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadruple Mass Spectrometry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170129. [PMID: 28085917 PMCID: PMC5234792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined 12 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 19 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners in eight different brands of commercial whole milk (WM) and fat free milk (FFM) produced and distributed in California. Congeners were extracted using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method, purified by gel permeation chromatography, and quantified using gas chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry. PBDEs and PCBs were detected in all FFM and WM samples. The most prevalent PBDE congeners in WM were BDE-47 (geometric mean: 18.0 pg/mL, 0.51 ng/g lipid), BDE-99 (geometric mean: 9.9 pg/mL, 0.28 ng/g lipid), and BDE-49 (geometric mean: 6.0 pg/mL, 0.17 ng/g lipid). The dominant PCB congeners in WM were PCB-101(geometric mean: 23.6 pg/mL, 0.67 ng/g lipid), PCB-118 (geometric mean: 25.2 pg/mL, 0.72 ng/g lipid), and PCB-138 (geometric mean: 25.3 pg/mL, 0.72 ng/g lipid). The sum of all 19 PCB congeners in FFM and WM were several orders of magnitude below the U.S. FDA tolerance. The sum of PBDEs in milk samples suggest close proximity to industrial emissions, and confirm previous findings of elevated PBDE levels in California compared to other regions in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Dang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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