1
|
Vaz T, Quina MMJ, Martins RC, Gomes J. Olive mill wastewater treatment strategies to obtain quality water for irrigation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172676. [PMID: 38670378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The olive mill industry is a relevant sector in the economy of Mediterranean countries, while it involves high consumption of water and the production of effluents with high environmental impact. The efficient treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW) is of high relevance, particularly for these countries. Climate changes are leading to increasing periods of droughts, and water recovery from polluted streams is essential to ensure the sustainability of this scarce resource. A combination of various technologies involving physical, chemical, and biological processes has been developed for OMW treatment. However, the treatments studied have limitations such as the operation costs, difficulty of industrial scale-up, and the fact that the vast majority do not lead to suitable treated water for discharge/reuse. As such, it is urgent to develop a solution capable of efficiently treating this effluent, overcoming the disadvantages of existing processes to convert OMW from a serious environmental problem into a valuable source of water and nutrients. In this review, several studies based on the OMW treatment are critically discussed, from conventional approaches such as the physical (e.g. centrifugation, filtration, and adsorption) and biological (anaerobic digestion and anaerobic co-digestion) processes, to the most recent technologies such as advanced membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and sulfate radical based AOPs (SR-AOPs). Due to the complexity of the effluent, OMW cannot be efficiently treated by a single process, requiring a sequence of technologies before reaching the required characteristics for discharge into water courses or use in crop irrigation. Reviewing the published results in this matter, it seems that the sequence of processes encompassing ozonation, anaerobic digestion, and SR-AOPs could be the ideal combination for this purpose. However, membrane technologies may be necessary in the final stage of treatment so that the effluent meets legal discharge or irrigation limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Telma Vaz
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida M J Quina
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Gomes
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal..
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teixeira AR, Jorge N, Lucas MS, Peres JA. Winery and olive mill wastewaters treatment using nitrilotriacetic acid/UV-C/Fenton process: Batch and semi-continuous mode. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117545. [PMID: 37914014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, both red and white winery wastewaters (WW) and olive mill wastewater (OMW) were submitted to a treatment by Fenton-based processes (FBPs). The main aim was to evaluate the most efficient and economic process. Initial tests, resorting to a batch reactor, demonstrated that UV-C/Fenton (λ = 254 nm) was the most effective process. Operational conditions such as pH, H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations revealed to have a superior influence within dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal as well as regarding the reactor's energy consumption. As a means to prevent iron precipitation, the addition of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was tested. With experimental conditions pH = 3.0, [H2O2] = 194 mM, [Fe2+] = 1.0 mM, [NTA] = 1.0 mM, radiation UV-C (254 nm), time = 240 min, the kinetic rate related with DOC removal showed a kredWW = 0.0128 min-1 > kOMW = 0.0124 min-1 > kwhiteWW = 0.0104 min-1 and both the WW and OMW achieved the Portuguese legal limit values for wastewater discharge. Furthermore, comparative experiments were performed in a semi-continuous reactor, being that the results put in evidence that the concentration of H2O2 added and the flow rate of reagents' addition (F) had a significant effect on the efficiency of the reactor. Under an optimum experimental procedure pH = 3.0, [H2O2] = 97 mM, [Fe2+] = 1.0 mM, [NTA] = 1.0 mM, radiation UV-C (254 nm), F = 1 mL min-1, time = 240 min, there were observed higher DOC removal kinetic rates (kOMW = 15.20 × 10-3 min-1 > kredWW = 11.64 × 10-3 min-1 > kwhiteWW = 11.57 × 10-3 min-1) and a cost ranging between 0.0402 and 0.0419 €/g.DOC. These results showed that semi-continuous reactors have the potential to be applied to large scale treatments, with low reagents consumption and reduced energy requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Teixeira
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Jorge
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Marco S Lucas
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A Peres
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jorge N, Teixeira AR, Fernandes JR, Oliveira I, Lucas MS, Peres JA. Degradation of Agro-Industrial Wastewater Model Compound by UV-A-Fenton Process: Batch vs. Continuous Mode. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1276. [PMID: 36674030 PMCID: PMC9858821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of a model agro-industrial wastewater phenolic compound (caffeic acid, CA) by a UV-A-Fenton system was investigated in this work. Experiments were carried out in order to compare batch and continuous mode. Initially, batch experiments showed that UV-A-Fenton at pH 3.0 (pH of CA solution) achieved a higher generation of HO•, leading to high CA degradation (>99.5%). The influence of different operational conditions, such as H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations, were evaluated. The results fit a pseudo first-order (PFO) kinetic model, and a high kinetic rate of CA removal was observed, with a [CA] = 5.5 × 10−4 mol/L, [H2O2] = 2.2 × 10−3 mol/L and [Fe2+] = 1.1 × 10−4 mol/L (kCA = 0.694 min−1), with an electric energy per order (EEO) of 7.23 kWh m−3 order−1. Under the same operational conditions, experiments in continuous mode were performed under different flow rates. The results showed that CA achieved a steady state with higher space-times (θ = 0.04) in comparison to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal (θ = 0−0.020). The results showed that by increasing the flow rate (F) from 1 to 4 mL min−1, the CA and DOC removal rate increased significantly (kCA = 0.468 min−1; kDOC = 0.00896 min−1). It is concluded that continuous modes are advantageous systems that can be adapted to wastewater treatment plants for the treatment of real agro-industrial wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Jorge
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado (EIDO), Campus da Auga, Campus Universitário de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Teixeira
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José R. Fernandes
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Física, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marco S. Lucas
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A. Peres
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Techno-Economic Analysis of the Olive Oil Mill Wastewater Steam Reforming Process: A Case-Study. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) Treatment Using Photocatalyst Media. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new nanophotocatalysts series of M2Zr2O7 (M = Mn, Cu, and Fe) and doped Fe2Zr2O7 systems were prepared via sol-gel using the pechini method, characterized, and tested in photocatalytic degradation of olive mill wastewater (OMW). The photocatalytic degradation of the prepared materials was evaluated by measuring total phenolic compounds (TPCs) using the Folin-Ciocalteu method for variable pH under a commercial LED lamp (45 W). The removal of TPCs was measured at different contact times ranging from 2 h to 6 days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis approved the nano size of (5–17 nm) and quasi-spherical morphology of the prepared materials. ICP-OES analysis confirmed the XRD analysis and approved the structure of the prepared materials. Aggregation of the nanomaterials was observed using TEM imaging. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis measured a 67 m2/g surface area for Fe2Zr2O7. Doping Fe with Mn increased the surface area to 173 m2/g and increased to 187 m2/g with a further increase of the Mn dopant. Increasing the Mn dopant concentration increased both surface area and photocatalytic degradation. The highest degradation of TPCs was observed for Mn2Zr2O7 around 70% at pH 10 and exposure time up to one day.
Collapse
|
6
|
Evaluation of the Activation Procedure on Oxone Efficiency for Synthetic Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater from the olive oil industry is an environmental problem which is growing in the Mediterranean region. Presence of phenolic compounds and high organic matter load are characteristics of this effluent that make it difficult to treat. In this study, the applicability of sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes (SRbAOPs), using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as oxidant, was evaluated in the treatment of synthetic olive mill wastewater (OMW). Different procedures for PMS activation were studied such as activation by Fe(II), radiation (visible and UV-A) and ultrasounds. The operation conditions were optimized by testing pH values, Fe(II) and PMS loads. At optimal conditions ([PMS] = 1600 mg/L, [Fe2+] = 700 mg/L and pH = 5) 60 ± 2% COD removal was achieved. This process shows to be selective since complete degradation of 3,4,5-trimetoxybenzoic acid was obtained after 3 min of reaction. The addition of light, PMS/LED/Fe(II) and PMS/UV-A/Fe(II), did not increase the efficiency of organic matter removal, with 56 ± 2% and 58 ± 1% of COD removal, respectively, comparatively to PMS/Fe(II) (60 ± 2%). PMS activated by ultrasounds led to 52 ± 3% and 23 ± 2% removal of phenolic compounds and COD, respectively, after 60 min. Toxicity tests using Lepidium sativum showed that treatment with PMS/UV-A led to a treated sample with mild inhibition of plant growth.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu B, Pan T, Liu J, Feng L, Chen Y, Zheng H. Taping into the super power and magic appeal of ultrasound coupled with EDTA on degradation of 2,4,6-TCP by Fe 0 based advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132650. [PMID: 34699876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenol is a widely used organic compound, and the environmental and health problems caused by it have being worsened in recent years. This study used 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) as the target pollutant, and employed ultrasound (US) enhanced zero-valent iron (Fe0)/EDTA/air system (FEA), namely US/FEA, to remove 2,4,6-TCP. The influence of single factor experimental conditions such as EDTA concentration, Fe0 dosage, US power, pH and pollutant concentration on the removal efficiency of 2,4,6-TCP was investigated, and the optimal reaction conditions were determined. The mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by US/FEA was explored. The degradation process and removal mechanism of 2,4,6-TCP in the US/FEA were discussed through the determination and analysis of intermediate products. The results showed that US could continuously activate and renew the Fe0 surface, accelerate its oxidation and corrosion process, and then continuously and stably produce sufficient amounts of Fe2+ and Fe3+. Ultrasonic cavitation effect could reduce the difficulty of O2 activation reaction, and promote the production of sufficient H2O2. The addition of EDTA made the system have a wide range of pH applications, and its performance under neutral and alkaline conditions was also superior. The ROS of US/FEA included ·OH, O2·- and Fe(IV), where Fe(IV) was the main contributor to the removal of 2,4,6-TCP. In addition, the degradation of 2,4,6-TCP had two processes including dechlorination and benzene ring opening. First, 2,4,6-TCP was dechlorinated and degraded into phenol. And then, phenol was degraded into small molecular acids by ring-opening, and finally it was mineralized into CO2 and H2O completely. US/FEA is a promising technology for high-efficiency degradation of organic matter and deep environmental purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingyu Pan
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuning Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No100, Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Olive Mill Wastewater Valorization through Steam Reforming Using Multifunctional Reactors: Challenges of the Process Intensification. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is a polluting stream derived from the production of olive oil and is a source of environmental pollution; this is relevant in many countries around the world, but particularly in all the Mediterranean region where major producers are located. In this effluent, several pollutants are present—namely, sugars, fatty acids, and polyphenols, among others. Nowadays, to reduce the pollutant load, several treatment techniques are applied, but these technologies have numerous cost and efficiency problems. For this reason, the steam reforming of the OMW (OMWSR) presents as a good alternative, because this process decreases the pollutant load of the OMW and simultaneously valorizes the waste with the production of green H2, which is consistent with the perspective of the circular economy. Currently, the OMWSR is an innovative treatment alternative in the scientific field and with high potential. In the last few years, some groups have studied the OMWSR and used innovative reactor configurations, aiming to improve the process’ effectiveness. In this review, the OMW treatment/valorization processes, the last developments on catalysis for OMWSR (or steam reforming of similar species present in the effluent), as well as the last advances on OMWSR performed in multi-functional reactors are addressed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Membranes Impregnated with Carbon Nanotubes for Olive Mill Wastewater. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030457. [PMID: 35160447 PMCID: PMC8840152 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, polymer membrane(s) impregnated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were developed, characterized and evaluated for removing phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater; thus, protecting the environment and public health. Polyethersulfone/functionalized, multi-walled carbon nanotube (PES/fCNTs) membranes were synthesized via the phase inversion method using PES and acid-treated CNTs. The prepared membranes were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle. Results obtained from this study indicate a more hydrophilic surface for the prepared PES/fCNTs membranes, with a higher pure water flux compared to the polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. In addition, the amount of fCNTs in the membranes was found to be the most significant factor affecting the morphology and water flux of the membranes. The PES/fCNTs membranes at 1 bar with 0 wt.% and 1 wt.% of CNTs showed water flux of 37.8 and 69.71 kg/h.m2, respectively. In addition, PES/fCNTs membranes with 0.5 wt.% fCNTs showed the highest total phenol content removal of 74%.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hassan AA, Gheni SA, Ahmed SM, Abdullah GH, Harvey A. Aromatic Free Fenton Process for Rapid Removal of Phenol from Refinery Wastewater in an Oscillatory Baffled Reactor. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
11
|
Aisien ET, Aisien FA. Photodegradation and kinetics of edible oil refinery wastewater using titanium dioxide. S AFR J SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2021/10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible oil refinery wastewater (EORW) is one source of environmental pollution in Nigeria. The treatment of EORW before discharge into the environment remains a significant challenge in the edible oil refinery industries. This research was aimed at photocatalytic treatment of EORW using a batch photocatalytic reactor with titanium dioxide photocatalyst. We investigated the physicochemical parameters: chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), oil and grease, phenol, chloride (Cl-), total suspended solids, sulfate (SO42-), and phosphate (PO43-) using American Public Health Association methods. The results showed that the reduction efficiency of the treated EORW with TiO2 catalyst ranged between 65.8% (PO43-) and 87.0% (COD), and the improvement in efficiency was 54.1% (pH) and 60.8% dissolved oxygen. However, the results showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in the control treatment without catalyst. The biodegradability of EORW increased from 0.196 to 0.32. It was observed that the optimum values were an initial EORW concentration of 100 mL/L, irradiation time of 90min, catalyst dose of 1.25 g/L, and an agitation speed of 900 rpm. The kinetics of the photodegradation process was well described by the pseudo-first-order equation (R2>0.96) and pseudo-second-order equation (R2>0.98). The intra-particle diffusion model fairly represented the diffusion mechanism with an R2 value of 0.806. The treated EORW met the most acceptable water quality standards for discharged effluent according to the maximum permissible limits of the Nigerian National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eki T. Aisien
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Felix A. Aisien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meena M, Yadav G, Sonigra P, Shah MP. A comprehensive review on application of bioreactor for industrial wastewater treatment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:131-158. [PMID: 34469596 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the recent past, wastewater treatment processes performed a pivotal role in accordance with maintaining the sustainable environment and health of mankind at a proper hygiene level. It has been proved indispensable by government regulations throughout the world on account of the importance of preserving freshwater bodies. Human activities, predominantly from industrial sectors, generate an immeasurable amount of industrial wastewater loaded with toxic chemicals, which not only cause dreadful environmental problems, but also leave harmful impacts on public health. Hence, industrial wastewater effluent must be treated before being released into the environment to restrain the problems related to industrial wastewater discharged to the environment. Nowadays, biological wastewater treatment methods have been considered an excellent approach for industrial wastewater treatment process because of their cost-effectiveness in the treatment, high efficiency and their potential to counteract the drawbacks of conventional wastewater treatment methods. Recently, the treatment of industrial effluent through bioreactor has been proved as one of the best methods from the presently available methods. Reactors are the principal part of any biotechnology-based method for microbial or enzymatic biodegradation, biotransformation and bioremediation. This review aims to explore and compile the assessment of the most appropriate reactors such as packed bed reactor, membrane bioreactor, rotating biological contactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, photobioreactor, biological fluidized bed reactor and continuous stirred tank bioreactor that are extensively used for distinct industrial wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - G Yadav
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - P Sonigra
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - M P Shah
- Environmental Technology Lab, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu X, Somoza-Tornos A, Graells M, Pérez-Moya M. An experimental approach to the optimization of the dosage of hydrogen peroxide for Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140402. [PMID: 32758807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the hydrogen peroxide dosage scheme that minimizes hydrogen peroxide consumption while meeting the specified treatment outcome is crucial for Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. The challenge is building a methodology that provides the optimal dosage profile. However, the lack of detailed dynamic models prevents exploiting model-based optimization methods that have proved successful in other applications. Thus, this work addresses this challenge by providing a problem formulation identifying and discussing objectives and constraints, and the nature of the optimal solution. From this point, the work presents a novel dosage model and a consequent methodology aimed at experimentally optimizing the dosage profile along a discretized time horizon following recipe optimization concepts. The approach is parallel to the numerical solution of the model-based optimization problem posed by hydrogen peroxide dosage. The proposed methodology is validated in the remediation of a Paracetamol (PCT) solution, and the obtained results are assessed and discussed in regard of the evolution of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the contaminant (PCT), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), which is also monitored, allows providing a more comprehensive explanation of the nature of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Somoza-Tornos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moisès Graells
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pérez-Moya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) constitute an environmental problem affecting mainly Mediterranean Sea area countries where the olive mill industry is a very important economic sector. The strong impact and management issues of these effluents are mainly due to their seasonality, localized production, and high organic load with high toxic features and low biodegradability. As the olive oil industry is highly water demanding, the search for suitable water recovery strategies requires the development and optimization of advanced treatment technologies. The classical Fenton’s process is an interesting alternative, as it operates at room conditions of pressure and temperature. However, it shows some drawbacks, such as the generation of iron sludges, which require further management. Nevertheless, because of its features that make it industrially desirable, overcoming these limitations has been the focus of researchers in the last years. Bearing this in mind, this paper focuses on the recent research regarding OMW treatment using Fenton’s process. The use of Fenton’s peroxidation treatment at homogenous, heterogeneous, and photo-aided conditions is analysed. The use of solid catalysts may be an interesting way to avoid sludge formation. Light-driven Fenton can also reduce the amount of iron needed for effective degradation. Moreover, Fenton’s process integration in combined treatment schemes is discussed. Finally, remarks regarding its application at full scale are given.
Collapse
|