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Goswami SK, Kashyap AS, Kumar R, Gujjar RS, Singh A, Manzar N. Harnessing Rhizospheric Microbes for Eco-friendly and Sustainable Crop Production in Saline Environments. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:14. [PMID: 38006515 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a global issue that negatively impacts crop yield and has become a prime concern for researchers worldwide. Many important crop plants are susceptible to salinity-induced stresses, including ionic and osmotic stress. Approximately, 20% of the world's cultivated and 33% of irrigated land is affected by salt. While various agricultural practices have been successful in alleviating salinity stress, they can be costly and not environment-friendly. Therefore, there is a need for cost-effective and eco-friendly practices to improve soil health. One promising approach involves utilizing microbes found in the vicinity of plant roots to mitigate the effects of salinity stress and enhance plant growth as well as crop yield. By exploiting the salinity tolerance of plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms, which have plant growth-promoting properties, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of salt stress on crop plants. The soil salinization is a common problem in the world, due to which we are unable to use the saline land. To make proper use of this land for different crops, microorganisms can play an important role. Looking at the increasing population of the world, this will be an appreciated effort to make the best use of the wasted land for food security. The updated information on this issue is needed. In this context, this article provides a concise review of the latest research on the use of salt-tolerant rhizospheric microorganisms to mitigate salinity stress in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Goswami
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Rai Bareli Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 220026, India
| | - Abhijeet S Kashyap
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, 275103, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Rai Bareli Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 220026, India
| | - Ranjit Singh Gujjar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Rai Bareli Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 220026, India.
| | - Arjun Singh
- ICAR-CSSRI Regional Research Station, Rai Bareli Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 220026, India
| | - Nazia Manzar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Mau, 275103, India
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Mishra RK, Pandey S, Rathore US, Mishra M, Kumar K, Kumar S, Manjunatha L. Characterization of plant growth-promoting, antifungal, and enzymatic properties of beneficial bacterial strains associated with pulses rhizosphere from Bundelkhand region of India. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2349-2360. [PMID: 37584890 PMCID: PMC10485202 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to characterize the native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) from the pulse rhizosphere of the Bundelkhand region of India. Twenty-four bacterial isolates belonging to nineteen species (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B. tequilensis, B. safensis, B. haynesii, E. soli, E. cloacae, A. calcoaceticus, B. valezensis, S. macrescens, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. guariconensis, B. megaterium, C. lapagei, P. putida, K. aerogenes, B. cereus, and B. altitudinis) were categorized and evaluated for their plant growth-promoting potential, antifungal properties, and enzymatic activities to identify the most potential strain for commercialization and wider application in pulse crops. Phylogenetic identification was done on the basis of 16 s rRNA analysis. Among the 24 isolates, 12 bacterial strains were gram positive, and 12 were gram negative. Among the tested 24 isolates, IIPRAJCP-6 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), IIPRDSCP-1 (Bacillus subtilis), IIPRDSCP-10 (Bacillus tequilensis), IIPRRLUCP-5 (Bacillus safensis), IIPRCDCP-2 (Bacillus subtilis), IIPRAMCP-1 (Bacillus safensis), IIPRMKCP-10 (Bacillus haynesii), IIPRANPP-3 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), IIPRKAPP-5 (Enterobacter soli), IIPRAJCP-2 (Enterobacter cloacae), IIPRDSCP-11 (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus), IIPRDSCP-9 (Bacillus valezensis), IIPRMKCP-3 (Seratia macrescens), IIPRMKCP-1 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), IIPRCKPP-3 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), IIPRMKCP-9 (Pseudomonas guariconensis), IIPRMKCP-8 (Bacillus megatirium), IIPRMWCP-9 (Cedecea lapagei), IIPRKUCP-10 (Pseudomonas putida), IIPRAMCP-4 (Klebsiella aerogenes), IIPRCKPP-7 (Enterobacter cloacae), IIPRAMCP-5 (Bacillus cereus), IIPRSHEP-6 (Bacillus subtilis), IIPRRSBa89 (Bacillus altitudinis) bacterial isolates, IIPRMKCP-9, IIPRAJCP-6, IIPRMKCP-10, IIPRAMCP-5, IIPRSHEP-6, and IIPRMKCP-3 showed the maximum antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (FOC), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (FOL), and Fusarium udum (FU) causing wilt disease of chickpea, lentil, and pigeonpea, respectively, and maximum plant growth-promoting enzyme (phosphatase), plant growth hormone (IAA), and siderophore production show promising results under greenhouse conditions. This study is the first report of bacterial diversity in the pulse-growing region of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India.
| | - Sonika Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - U S Rathore
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - Monika Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - L Manjunatha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208024, India
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Bouzroud S, Henkrar F, Fahr M, Smouni A. Salt stress responses and alleviation strategies in legumes: a review of the current knowledge. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:287. [PMID: 37520340 PMCID: PMC10382465 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors limiting legumes development and productivity. Salt stress disturbs all developmental stages of legumes and affects their hormonal regulation, photosynthesis and biological nitrogen fixation, causing nutritional imbalance, plant growth inhibition and yield losses. At the molecular level, salt stress exposure involves large number of factors that are implicated in stress perception, transduction, and regulation of salt responsive genes' expression through the intervention of transcription factors. Along with the complex gene network, epigenetic regulation mediated by non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation events are also involved in legumes' response to salinity. Different alleviation strategies can increase salt tolerance in legume plants. The most promising ones are Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobia, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, seed and plant's priming. Genetic manipulation offers an effective approach for improving salt tolerance. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the adverse effect of salt stress on legumes and their molecular responses. We also provide an overview of various ameliorative strategies that have been implemented to mitigate/overcome the harmful effects of salt stress on legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bouzroud
- Equipe de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Henkrar
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
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Nagrale DT, Chaurasia A, Kumar S, Gawande SP, Hiremani NS, Shankar R, Gokte-Narkhedkar N, Renu, Prasad YG. PGPR: the treasure of multifarious beneficial microorganisms for nutrient mobilization, pest biocontrol and plant growth promotion in field crops. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:100. [PMID: 36792799 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have multifarious beneficial activities for plant growth promotion; act as source of metabolites, enzymes, nutrient mobilization, biological control of pests, induction of disease resistance vis-a-vis bioremediation potentials by phytoextraction and detoxification of heavy metals, pollutants and pesticides. Agrochemicals and synthetic pesticides are currently being utilized widely in all major field crops, thereby adversely affecting human and animal health, and posing serious threats to the environments. Beneficial microorganisms like PGPR could potentially substitute and supplement the toxic chemicals and pesticides with promising application in organic farming leading to sustainable agriculture practices and bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sites. Among field crops limited bio-formulations have been prepared till now by utilization of PGPR strains having plant growth promotion, metabolites, enzymes, nutrient mobilization and biocontrol activities. The present review contributes comprehensive description of PGPR applications in field crops including commercial, oilseeds, leguminous and cereal crops to further extend the utilization of these potent groups of beneficial microorganisms so that even higher level of crop productivity and quality produce of field crops could be achieved. PGPR and bacteria based commercialized bio-formulations available worldwide for its application in the field crops have been compiled in this review which can be a substitute for the harmful synthetic chemicals. The current knowledge gap and potential target areas for future research have also been projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Nagrale
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
| | - A Chaurasia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221305, India.
| | - S Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S P Gawande
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - N S Hiremani
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Raja Shankar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, 560089, India
| | - N Gokte-Narkhedkar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Renu
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Y G Prasad
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
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John JE, Maheswari M, Kalaiselvi T, Prasanthrajan M, Poornachandhra C, Rakesh SS, Gopalakrishnan B, Davamani V, Kokiladevi E, Ranjith S. Biomining Sesuvium portulacastrum for halotolerant PGPR and endophytes for promotion of salt tolerance in Vigna mungo L. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1085787. [PMID: 36865783 PMCID: PMC9971939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1085787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Halophytic plants can tolerate a high level of salinity through several morphological and physiological adaptations along with the presence of salt tolerant rhizo-microbiome. These microbes release phytohormones which aid in alleviating salinity stress and improve nutrient availability. The isolation and identification of such halophilic PGPRs can be useful in developing bio-inoculants for improving the salt tolerance and productivity of non-halophytic plants under saline conditions. In this study, salt-tolerant bacteria with multiple plant growth promoting characteristics were isolated from the rhizosphere of a predominant halophyte, Sesuvium portulacastrum grown in the coastal and paper mill effluent irrigated soils. Among the isolates, nine halotolerant rhizobacterial strains that were able to grow profusely at a salinity level of 5% NaCl were screened. These isolates were found to have multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits, especially 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity (0.32-1.18 μM of α-ketobutyrate released mg-1 of protein h-1) and indole acetic acid (9.4-22.8 μg mL-1). The halotolerant PGPR inoculation had the potential to improve salt tolerance in Vigna mungo L. which was reflected in significantly (p < 0.05) higher germination percentage (89%) compared to un-inoculated seeds (65%) under 2% NaCl. Similarly, shoot length (8.9-14.6 cm) and vigor index (792-1785) were also higher in inoculated seeds. The strains compatible with each other were used for the preparation of two bioformulations and these microbial consortia were tested for their efficacy in salt stress alleviation of Vigna mungo L. under pot study. The inoculation improved the photosynthetic rate (12%), chlorophyll content (22%), shoot length (5.7%) and grain yield (33%) in Vigna mungo L. The enzymatic activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase were found to be lower (7.0 and 1.5%, respectively) in inoculated plants. These results revealed that halotolerant PGPR isolated from S. portulacastrum can be a cost-effective and ecologically sustainable method to improve crop productivity under high saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ezra John
- Department of Environmental Sciences, AC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India,*Correspondence: Joseph Ezra John, ; Chidamparam Poornachandhra,
| | | | - Thangavel Kalaiselvi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, AC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mohan Prasanthrajan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, AC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chidamparam Poornachandhra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, AC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India,*Correspondence: Joseph Ezra John, ; Chidamparam Poornachandhra,
| | | | | | - Veeraswamy Davamani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, AC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Eswaran Kokiladevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sellappan Ranjith
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, AC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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Chen X, Zhong N, Luo Y, Ni Y, Liu Z, Wu G, Zheng T, Dang Y, Chen H, Li W. Effects of strontium on the morphological and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Vicia faba seedlings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:811-821. [PMID: 35961092 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of plants to strontium (Sr) stress requires a more systematic understanding. In the present study, the morphological and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Vicia faba seedlings under Sr stress (88Sr, 0-1,000 mg·L-1) were analyzed in solution culture. The results showed that Sr treatment decreased the biomass and root activity of V. faba seedlings significantly, but fortunately, there was almost no root necrosis. In plant morphology, the taproot length, lateral root number, plant height, branching number and internodes number of V. faba were significantly inhibited, thus the apical dominance of taproot and terminal bud was more obvious. The accumulation of Sr resulted in the decrease of leaf area, dry weight, stomatal density and stomatal aperture, while the guard cell length increased, and the specific leaf weight (SLW) increased first and then decreased. These changes in stomatal morphology may be a positive regulation to reduce water loss. In addition, V. faba increased the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and the activities of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) to protect the photosynthetic structure. Low concentration of Sr (250 mg·L-1) promoted the photochemical efficiency and electron transfer of PSII (e.g., increased Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP and ETR). However, Sr (250-1,000 mg·L-1) inhibited the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in leaves. In general, the Pn was affected by both stomatal and non-stomatal factors. Since Sr did not cause significant damage to the PSII function, the non-stomatal factor may be the dark reaction in photosynthesis affected, but this needs to be proved by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningying Zhong
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yayun Luo
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinfeng Ni
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Wu
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Plant Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Plant Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Dang
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Life Science College, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Ahmad A, Akram W, Wang R, Shahzadi I, Umer M, Yasin NA, Wu T. Pathogenicity factors of Phytophthora melonis revealed by comparative proteomics. JOURNAL OF PLANT INTERACTIONS 2022; 17:183-197. [DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2021.2014581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IFA, GDAAS) / Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences / Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Waheed Akram
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IFA, GDAAS) / Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences / Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Iqra Shahzadi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Forestry College, Research Center of Forest Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Tingquan Wu
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IFA, GDAAS) / Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences / Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Khan MY, Nadeem SM, Sohaib M, Waqas MR, Alotaibi F, Ali L, Zahir ZA, Al-Barakah FNI. Potential of plant growth promoting bacterial consortium for improving the growth and yield of wheat under saline conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958522. [PMID: 36246246 PMCID: PMC9557047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to inconsistent results of a single bacterial strain, co-inoculation of more than one strain under salinity stress could be a more effective strategy to induce salt tolerance. Co-inoculation of more than one bacterial strain could be more effective due to the presence of several growths promoting traits. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of multi-strains bacterial consortium to promote wheat growth under salinity stress. Several plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) had been isolated and tested for their ability to grow in increasing concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). Those rhizobacterial strains having tolerance against salinity were screened to evaluate their ability to promote wheat growth in the presence of salinity by conducting jar trials under axenic conditions. The rhizobacteria with promising results were tested for their compatibility with each other before developing multi-strain inoculum of PGPR. The compatible PGPR strains were characterized, and multi-strain inoculum was then evaluated for promoting wheat growth under axenic conditions at different salinity levels, i.e., 2.1 (normal soil), 6, 12, and 18 dS m–1. The most promising combination was further evaluated by conducting a pot trial in the greenhouse. The results showed that compared to a single rhizobacterial strain, better growth-promoting effect was observed when rhizobacterial strains were co-inoculated. The multi-strain consortium of PGPR caused a significant positive impact on shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight of wheat at the highest salinity level in the jar as well as in the pot trial. Results showed that the multi-strain consortium of PGPR caused significant positive effects on the biochemical traits of wheat by decreasing electrolyte leakage and increasing chlorophyll contents, relative water contents (RWC), and K/Na ratio. It can be concluded that a multi-strain consortium of PGPR (Ensifer adhaerens strain BK-30, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SN5, and Bacillus megaterium strain SN15) could be more effective to combat the salinity stress owing to the presence of a variety of growth-promoting traits. However, further work is going on to evaluate the efficacy of multi-strain inoculum of PGPR under salt-affected field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajid Mahmood Nadeem
- Sub-Campus Burewala-Vehari, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sajid Mahmood Nadeem,
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Muhammad Sohaib,
| | | | - Fahad Alotaibi
- Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Sub-Campus Burewala-Vehari, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad N. I. Al-Barakah
- Department of Soil Sciences, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Upadhyay SK, Chauhan PK. Optimization of eco-friendly amendments as sustainable asset for salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria mediated maize (Zea Mays L.) plant growth, Na uptake reduction and saline soil restoration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113081. [PMID: 35304115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is progressively affecting global agriculture area, and act as a brutal environmental factor for the productivity of plants, therefore, sustainable remediation of the saline soil is urgently required. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of PM (poultry manure), SMS (spent mushroom substrate), and CD (cow dung) for the recovery of salt soil and the optimization of the productivity of the maize plant. PM and SMS showed the valuable source of OC, N, P, K as the CD. The HCA analysis showed that 47% of the bacterial population from PM, SMS, and CD survived at 6% NaCl (w/v), which had PGP attributes such as IAA, P-solubilizers, and siderophore activity. The results from pot experiments of plant growth and PCA analysis of bacterial PGP attributes reveled re formulation of PM, SMS, and CD, which were further optimized at the saline field level. T-2 treated plant increased their shoot length, chlorophyll content, reducing sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels significantly after 30 and 60 days, followed by T-4 and T-3 as the control. A significant (P < 0.01) increase in particle density and decrease in bulk density was observed for all combinations treated (T-2 to T-7). A two-year field study revealed that the T-2 combination increased 43% OC, 57% N, 66% P, 48% K, 32% DHA, 76% PPO in the soil than the control after 60 days. T2-combination decreased ≈50% of Na content in root and shoot, and increased 27% of maize crop yield. The dose of 10% PM + 10% SMS can significantly induce the growth of maize plants and the restoration of saline soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India.
| | - Prabhat K Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India
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Shabaan M, Asghar HN, Zahir ZA, Zhang X, Sardar MF, Li H. Salt-Tolerant PGPR Confer Salt Tolerance to Maize Through Enhanced Soil Biological Health, Enzymatic Activities, Nutrient Uptake and Antioxidant Defense. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901865. [PMID: 35633670 PMCID: PMC9136238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve soil enzyme activities, which are indicators of the biological health of the soil, and can overcome the nutritional imbalance in plants. A pot trial was executed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of different salt-tolerant PGPR strains in improving soil enzyme activities. Three different salinity levels (original, 5, and 10 dS m-1) were used and maize seeds were coated with the freshly prepared inocula of ten different PGPR strains. Among different strains, inoculation of SUA-14 (Acinetobacter johnsonii) caused a maximum increment in urease (1.58-fold), acid (1.38-fold), and alkaline phosphatase (3.04-fold) and dehydrogenase (72%) activities as compared to their respective uninoculated control. Acid phosphatase activities were found to be positively correlated with P contents in maize straw (r = 0.96) and grains (r = 0.94). Similarly, a positive correlation was found between alkaline phosphatase activities and P contents in straw (r = 0.77) and grains (r = 0.75). In addition, urease activities also exhibited positive correlation with N contents in maize straw (r = 0.92) and grains (r = 0.91). Moreover, inoculation of Acinetobacter johnsonii caused a significant decline in catalase (39%), superoxide dismutase (26%) activities, and malondialdehyde contents (27%). The PGPR inoculation improved the soil's biological health and increased the uptake of essential nutrients and conferred salinity tolerance in maize. We conclude that the inoculation of salt-tolerant PGPR improves soil enzyme activities and soil biological health, overcomes nutritional imbalance, and thereby improves nutrient acquisition by the plant under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shabaan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Naeem Asghar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Muhammad Fahad Sardar
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongna Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bacillus subtilis HG-15, a Halotolerant Rhizoplane Bacterium, Promotes Growth and Salinity Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9506227. [PMID: 35578723 PMCID: PMC9107367 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9506227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Certain plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) reduce salt stress damage in plants. Bacillus subtilis HG-15 is a halotolerant bacterium (able to withstand NaCl concentrations as high as 30%) isolated from the wheat rhizoplane in the Yellow River delta. A qualitative and quantitative investigation of the plant growth-promoting characteristics of this strain confirmed nitrogen fixation, potassium dissolution, ammonia, plant hormone, ACC deaminase, and proline production abilities. B. subtilis HG-15 colonization of wheat roots, stems, and leaves was examined via scanning electron microscopy, rep-PCR, and double antibiotic screening. After inoculation with the B. subtilis HG-15 strain, the pH (1.08–2.69%), electrical conductivity (3.17–11.48%), and Na+ (12.98–15.55%) concentrations of rhizosphere soil significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Under no-salt stress (0.15% NaCl), low-salt stress (0.25% NaCl), and high-salt stress (0.35% NaCl) conditions, this strain also significantly increased (p < 0.05) the dry weight (17.76%, 24.46%, and 9.31%), fresh weight (12.80%, 20.48%, and 7.43%), plant height (7.79%, 5.86%, and 13.13%), and root length (10.28%, 17.87%, and 48.95%). Our results indicated that B. subtilis HG-15 can effectively improve the growth of wheat and elicit induced systemic tolerance in these plants, thus showing its potential as a microbial inoculant that can protect wheat under salt stress conditions.
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Turan M, Ekinci M, Kul R, Boynueyri FG, Yildirim E. Mitigation of salinity stress in cucumber seedlings by exogenous hydrogen sulfide. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:517-529. [PMID: 35445911 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research hypothesized that tolerance of cucumber seedlings to salinity stress could be increased by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatments. In pot experiments, the cucumber seedlings were exposed to three levels of salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl), and NaHS as H2S donor was foliar applied to the cucumber seedlings at five different doses (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM). The effects of the treatments on cucumber seedlings were tested with plant growth properties as well as physiological and biochemical analyses. As the salinity level increased, plant growth properties and chlorophyll reading value (SPAD) decreased. However, H2S treatments significantly mitigated the impact of salinity. Salt stress elevated the membrane permeability (MP) and decreased the leaf relative water content (LRWC). H2S applied leaves had lower MP and higher LRWC than non-H2S applied leaves. On the other hand, photosynthetic properties (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration) of the seedlings under salt stress conditions were decreased but this decrease was considerably relieved by H2S treatment. The K/Na and Ca/Na ratios under salt stress conditions were higher in H2S-applied plants than in non-applied plants. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme activity [(catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and sucrose concentration in the leaves increased with salinity stress whereas they were reduced with H2S treatments under salt stress. Mitigation of salt stress damage in cucumber using H2S treatment can be expounded via modulation of enzyme activity, nutrient content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and osmolytes accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Turan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Ekinci
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Raziye Kul
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Ertan Yildirim
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Neshat M, Abbasi A, Hosseinzadeh A, Sarikhani MR, Dadashi Chavan D, Rasoulnia A. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) induce antioxidant tolerance against salinity stress through biochemical and physiological mechanisms. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:347-361. [PMID: 35400886 PMCID: PMC8943118 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stress in the world. Also, the irrigated lands have been treated with second salinity. Canola is one of the most important industrial crops for oil production all over the world which is affected by salinity. Salt stress causes imbalanced ion hemostasis (Na+ and K+) and interrupted mineral absorption in canola. Also, salinity stress leads to oxidative stress (production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS is extremely dangerous and lethal for plants. As a consequence, canola production is reduced under salinity stress. So, a suitable approach should be found to deal with salinity stress and prevent the loss of production oilseed. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can colonize on the plant root surface and alleviate the salt stress effect by providing minerals like nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. Also, they alleviate salt stress by phytohormones like auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CK), and abscisic acid (ABA). This study focus on physiological parameters like leaf area (LA), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), chlorophyll fluorescence indexes (Fv/Fm and Fv/F0), relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage index (ELI), photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids), Na+, and K+; and biochemical parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2), total protein content, proline, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities in canola through the inoculation with Enterobacter sp. S16-3 and Pseudomonas sp. C16-2O. This study showed that LA, RL, SL, chlorophyll fluorescence indexes, RWC were significantly increased and ELI was significantly decreased in bacteria inoculated treatments. Also, MDA, H2O2 were decreased, and antioxidant capacity, proline, and antioxidant enzymes were increased due to inoculation with these bacteria. Besides, the amount of K+ as an index of salinity tolerance significantly increased, and leaf Na+ content was significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Neshat
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdulhadi Hosseinzadeh
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sarikhani
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, P.O. Box 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Dadashi Chavan
- Plant Biotechnology and Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, P.O. Box 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Rasoulnia
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran
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Kamran M, Wang D, Xie K, Lu Y, Shi C, El Sabagh A, Gu W, Xu P. Pre-sowing seed treatment with kinetin and calcium mitigates salt induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of choysum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112921. [PMID: 34678626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, improving plants' resistance towards abiotic stresses with exogenous application of plant growth regulators and nutrients has emerged as a matter of great interest. The present study assessed the potential roles of kinetin (Kn, 0.2 mM) and calcium (Ca, 2 mM) in mitigating the salt (200 mM NaCl) induced inhibitory effects on seed germination and growth of choysum seedlings. The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced the seed germination percentage (42.6%), germination potential (42.0%), germination index (52.1%), seedling vigor index (65.2%), and declined the fresh weight (43.8%), dry weight (52.2%), radicle length (37.2%), and plumule length (41.2%) of germinated seeds, compared to control treatment. The delayed germination and decrease in seedling growth were positively correlated with salinity-induced hormonal imbalance, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress. However, Kn and Ca pretreatment partially mitigated the adverse effects of NaCl stress, evident by early germination and enhanced seedling growth. Kn and Ca effectively increased the accumulation of proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugars, and upregulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase that significantly reduced the production of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions in germinating seeds, thereby minimizing the NaCl-induced oxidative damages. Moreover, Kn and Ca pretreatment counteracted the NaCl-induced ionic toxicity by decreasing Na+ and increasing K+ contents and maintained a balanced Na+/K+ ratio in radicles and plumules of choysum seeds. Additionally, Kn and Ca under NaCl stress enhanced hormonal regulation by decreasing the ABA levels with a concomitant increase of GAs (especially GA4) levels and promoted early germination. Remarkably, the co-application of Kn and Ca was most effective by completely counteracting the inhibitory effects of NaCl and maintaining seed germination kinetics, seedling growth, and biochemical parameters almost similar to that in the stress-free control treatment. These results demonstrate that supplementation of Kn and Ca on choysum seeds is an effective chemical strategy regulating the various physiological and biochemical responses that would result in better germination and growth of seeds under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Kaizhi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Chaohong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Siirt University, Turkey; Department of Agronomy, University of Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Peizhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China.
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Sharma A, Singh RK, Singh P, Vaishnav A, Guo DJ, Verma KK, Li DP, Song XP, Malviya MK, Khan N, Lakshmanan P, Li YR. Insights into the Bacterial and Nitric Oxide-Induced Salt Tolerance in Sugarcane and Their Growth-Promoting Abilities. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112203. [PMID: 34835329 PMCID: PMC8623439 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity causes severe environmental stress that affects agriculture production and food security throughout the world. Salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and nitric oxide (NO), a distinctive signaling molecule, can synergistically assist in the alleviation of abiotic stresses and plant growth promotion, but the mechanism by which this happens is still not well known. In the present study, in a potential salt-tolerant rhizobacteria strain, ASN-1, growth up to 15% NaCl concentration was achieved with sugarcane rhizosphere soil. Based on 16S-rRNA gene sequencing analysis, the strain ASN-1 was identified as a Bacillus xiamenensis. Strain ASN-1 exhibits multiple plant-growth-promoting attributes, such as the production of indole-3-acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, siderophores, HCN, ammonia, and exopolysaccharides as well as solubilized phosphate solubilization. Biofilm formation showed that NO enhanced the biofilm and root colonization capacity of the PGPR strain ASN-1 with host plants, evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. The greenhouse study showed that, among the different treatments, the combined application of PGPR and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as an NO donor significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced sugarcane plant growth by maintaining the relative water content, electrolyte leakage, gas exchange parameters, osmolytes, and Na+/K+ ratio. Furthermore, PGPR and SNP fertilization reduced the salinity-induced oxidative stress in plants by modulating the antioxidant enzyme activities and stress-related gene expression. Thus, it is believed that the acquisition of advanced information about the synergistic effect of salt-tolerant PGPR and NO fertilization will reduce the use of harmful chemicals and aid in eco-friendly sustainable agricultural production under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.); (D.-J.G.); (K.K.V.); (M.K.M.); (P.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.); (D.-J.G.); (K.K.V.); (M.K.M.); (P.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.); (D.-J.G.); (K.K.V.); (M.K.M.); (P.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Anukool Vaishnav
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U.P., India;
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.); (D.-J.G.); (K.K.V.); (M.K.M.); (P.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical, Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.); (D.-J.G.); (K.K.V.); (M.K.M.); (P.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Dong-Ping Li
- Microbiology Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.); (D.-J.G.); (K.K.V.); (M.K.M.); (P.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.); (D.-J.G.); (K.K.V.); (M.K.M.); (P.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (A.S.); (R.K.S.); (P.S.); (D.-J.G.); (K.K.V.); (M.K.M.); (P.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning 530007, China;
- College of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical, Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
- Correspondence:
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Plant growth promoting soil microbiomes and their potential implications for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Magnetic Field Stimulation Effect on Germination and Antioxidant Activities of Presown Hybrid Seeds of Sunflower and Its Seedlings. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5594183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic field biostimulation plays a significant role in enhancing the germination of seeds and increasing the metabolic rate. The low magnetic field effect for long exposure time and its effect on antioxidant profiling have not been studied. Therefore, in the recent findings, the static magnetic field’s impact on sunflower seeds subjected to the magnetic field at varying intensity (millitesla) for different exposure times was examined. The effectiveness of magnetic biostimulation on presown sunflower seeds, growth parameters of seedlings (biomass, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of roots, shoots, leaf, and height of plants), and antioxidant activities were also studied. It has been revealed that magnetic treatment at 50 mT/45 min greatly influenced the growth parameters, including mean germination growth (100 ± 0.02) and final emergence rate. Concerning the antioxidant parameters, seed variety FH620 at 500 µg/µL concentration showed significant results compared to other varieties. FTIR was employed to determine the conformational changes and functional groups of organic compounds from sunflower seedlings. Tocopherol analysis by HPLC showed that magnetic treatment at 50 mT/45 min had a higher concentration of vitamin E compared to the control group. These modifications indicated that magnetic field induction enhanced seeds’ inner energy that led to seedlings’ growth and development enhancement. Besides, magnetic field pretreatment has been shown to have a beneficial influence on sunflower seeds and their bioactive compounds. Future studies should be focused on growth characteristics at the field level and yield attributes.
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Sahab S, Suhani I, Srivastava V, Chauhan PS, Singh RP, Prasad V. Potential risk assessment of soil salinity to agroecosystem sustainability: Current status and management strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:144164. [PMID: 33385648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization has become a major global agricultural issue that threatens sustainable development goals related to food security, agriculture, resource conservation, and nutrition. The higher levels of salinity have detrimental effects on soil physico-chemical and biological characteristics and plant metabolism. Also, salinity poses a negative impact on the abundance and distribution of soil microbes and soil-dwelling organisms. Research has always been trying to overcome the salinity issue, but it does not fit well in conventional approaches. This review unravels traditional and modern salinity management techniques. Out of the available salinity management techniques, some are focused on enhancing soil properties (chemical amendments, biochar, earthworms, and their vermicompost, compost, microbial inoculants, electro remediation), some focus on improving plant properties (seed priming, afforestation, crop selection, genetic improvements, agroforestry) and some techniques augment both soil as well as plant properties in a synergic manner. Therefore, it is imperative to find a conclusive solution by integrating traditional and modern methods to find the most effective response to regionally-specific salinity related problems. This review aimed at critical analysis of the salinity problems, its impact on agroecosystem, and different management approaches available to date with a balanced viewpoint that would help to draw a possible roadmap towards the future investigation in this domain for sustainable management of salinity issues around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinha Sahab
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ibha Suhani
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Division of Plant-Microbe Interaction, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Vishal Prasad
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Mukhopadhyay R, Sarkar B, Jat HS, Sharma PC, Bolan NS. Soil salinity under climate change: Challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111736. [PMID: 33298389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major and widespread challenges in the recent era that hinders global food security and environmental sustainability. Worsening the situation, the harmful impacts of climate change accelerate the development of soil salinity, potentially spreading the problem in the near future to currently unaffected regions. This paper aims to synthesise information from published literature about the extent, development mechanisms, and current mitigation strategies for tackling soil salinity, highlighting the opportunities and challenges under climate change situations. Mitigation approaches such as application of amendments, cultivation of tolerant genotypes, suitable irrigation, drainage and land use strategies, conservation agriculture, phytoremediation, and bioremediation techniques have successfully tackled the soil salinity issue, and offered associated benefits of soil carbon sequestration, and conservation and recycling of natural resources. These management practices further improve the socio-economic conditions of the rural farming community in salt-affected areas. We also discuss emerging reclamation strategies such as saline aquaculture integrated with sub surface drainage, tolerant microorganisms integrated with tolerant plant genotypes, integrated agro-farming systems that warrant future research attention to restore the agricultural sustainability and global food security under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Mukhopadhyay
- ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hanuman Sahay Jat
- ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | | | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Yasmeen T, Ahmad A, Arif MS, Mubin M, Rehman K, Shahzad SM, Iqbal S, Rizwan M, Ali S, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L. Biofilm forming rhizobacteria enhance growth and salt tolerance in sunflower plants by stimulating antioxidant enzymes activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:242-256. [PMID: 32979797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major environmental stresses that impose global socio-economic impacts, as well as hindering crop productivity. Halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) having potential to cope with salinity stress can be employed to counter this issue in eco-friendly way. In the present investigation, halotolerant PGPR strains, AP6 and PB5, were isolated from saline soil and characterized for their biochemical, molecular and physiological traits. Sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene and comparative analysis confirmed the taxonomic affiliation of AP6 with Bacillus licheniformis and PB5 with Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. The study was carried out in pots with different levels of induced soil salinity viz. 0, 5, 10 and 15 dSm-1 to evaluate the potential of bacterial inoculants in counteracting salinity stress in sunflower at different plant growth stages (30, 45 and 60 days after sowing). Both the bacterial inoculants were capable of producing indole acetic acid and biofilm, solubilizing inorganic rock phosphate, and also expressed ACC deaminase activity. The PGPR inoculated plants showed significantly higher fresh and dry biomass, plant height, root length and yield plant-1. Ameliorative significance of applied bacterial inoculants was also evidenced by mitigating oxidative stress through upregulation of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant enzymes. Increase in photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange activities and nutrient uptake are crucial salt stress adaptations, which were enhanced with the inoculation of salt tolerant biofilm producing PGPR in sunflower plants. Although increase in salinity stress levels has gradually decreased the plant's output compared to non-salinized plants, the plants inoculated with PGPR confronted salinity stress in much better way than uninoculated plants. Owing to the wide action spectrum of these bacterial inoculants, it was concluded that these biofilm PGPR could serve as effective bioinoculants and salinity stress alleviator for sunflower (oil seed crop) by increasing crop productivity in marginalized agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubin
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Centre for Mountain Futures CMF, East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, CN 650201, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Meena M, Swapnil P, Divyanshu K, Kumar S, Harish, Tripathi YN, Zehra A, Marwal A, Upadhyay RS. PGPR-mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:828-861. [PMID: 32815221 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse groups of plant-associated microorganisms, which can reduce the severity or incidence of disease during antagonism among bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by influencing a systemic resistance to elicit defense response in host plants. An amalgamation of various strains of PGPR has improved the efficacy by enhancing the systemic resistance opposed to various pathogens affecting the crop. Many PGPR used with seed treatment causes structural improvement of the cell wall and physiological/biochemical changes leading to the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and chemicals occupied in plant defense mechanisms. The major determinants of PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) are lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, siderophores, pyocyanin, antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol, the volatile 2,3-butanediol, N-alkylated benzylamine, and iron-regulated compounds. Many PGPR inoculants have been commercialized and these inoculants consequently aid in the improvement of crop growth yield and provide effective reinforcement to the crop from disease, whereas other inoculants are used as biofertilizers for native as well as crops growing at diverse extreme habitat and exhibit multifunctional plant growth-promoting attributes. A number of applications of PGPR formulation are needed to maintain the resistance levels in crop plants. Several microarray-based studies have been done to identify the genes, which are associated with PGPR-induced systemic resistance. Identification of these genes associated with ISR-mediating disease suppression and biochemical changes in the crop plant is one of the essential steps in understanding the disease resistance mechanisms in crops. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the PGPR-mediated innovative methods, focusing on the mode of action of compounds authorized that may be significant in the development contributing to enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and serve as an efficient bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights current research progress in this field with a special emphasis on challenges, limitations, and their environmental and economic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.,Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Botany, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harish
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yashoda Nandan Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Avinash Marwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Vigyan Bhawan-Block B, New Campus, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Rhizobacteria Isolated from Saline Soil Induce Systemic Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against Salinity Stress. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10070989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Halo-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have the inherent potential to cope up with salinity. Thus, they can be used as an effective strategy in enhancing the productivity of saline agro-systems. In this study, a total of 50 isolates were screened from the rhizospheric soil of plants growing in the salt range of Pakistan. Out of these, four isolates were selected based on their salinity tolerance and plant growth promotion characters. These isolates (SR1. SR2, SR3, and SR4) were identified as Bacillus sp. (KF719179), Azospirillum brasilense (KJ194586), Azospirillum lipoferum (KJ434039), and Pseudomonas stutzeri (KJ685889) by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. In vitro, these strains, in alone and in a consortium, showed better production of compatible solute and phytohormones, including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin (CK), and abscisic acid (ABA), in culture conditions under salt stress. When tested for inoculation, the consortium of all four strains showed the best results in terms of improved plant biomass and relative water content. Consortium-inoculated wheat plants showed tolerance by reduced electrolyte leakage and increased production of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, and osmolytes, including soluble sugar, proline, amino acids, and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase), upon exposure to salinity stress (150 mM NaCl). In conclusion, plant growth-promoting bacteria, isolated from salt-affected regions, have strong potential to mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress in wheat crop, when inoculated. Therefore, this consortium can be used as potent inoculants for wheat crop under prevailing stress conditions.
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Egamberdieva D, Wirth S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Mishra J, Arora NK. Salt-Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Enhancing Crop Productivity of Saline Soils. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2791. [PMID: 31921005 PMCID: PMC6930159 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity has emerged as a serious issue for global food security. It is estimated that currently about 62 million hectares or 20 percent of the world's irrigated land is affected by salinity. The deposition of an excess amount of soluble salt in cultivable land directly affects crop yields. The uptake of high amount of salt inhibits diverse physiological and metabolic processes of plants even impacting their survival. The conventional methods of reclamation of saline soil which involve scraping, flushing, leaching or adding an amendment (e.g., gypsum, CaCl2, etc.) are of limited success and also adversely affect the agro-ecosystems. In this context, developing sustainable methods which increase the productivity of saline soil without harming the environment are necessary. Since long, breeding of salt-tolerant plants and development of salt-resistant crop varieties have also been tried, but these and aforesaid conventional approaches are not able to solve the problem. Salt tolerance and dependence are the characteristics of some microbes. Salt-tolerant microbes can survive in osmotic and ionic stress. Various genera of salt-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) have been isolated from extreme alkaline, saline, and sodic soils. Many of them are also known to mitigate various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In the last few years, potential PGPR enhancing the productivity of plants facing salt-stress have been researched upon suggesting that ST-PGPR can be exploited for the reclamation of saline agro-ecosystems. In this review, ST-PGPR and their potential in enhancing the productivity of saline agro-ecosystems will be discussed. Apart from this, PGPR mediated mechanisms of salt tolerance in different crop plants and future research trends of using ST-PGPR for reclamation of saline soils will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Ürümqi, China
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Stephan Wirth
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Jitendra Mishra
- DST-CPR, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen K. Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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