1
|
Bogo G, Caringi V, Albertazzi S, Capano V, Colombo R, Dettori A, Guerra I, Lora G, Bortolotti L, Medrzycki P. Residues of agrochemicals in beebread as an indicator of landscape management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174075. [PMID: 38897461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural intensification represents a major threat to biodiversity, with negative effects on the ecosystem. In particular, habitat loss and degradation, along with pesticide use have been recognised as primary factors contributing to the actual global decline of pollinators. Here we investigated the quality of agroecosystems in the Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy) within the national monitoring project BeeNet. We analysed pesticide residues in 100 samples of beebread collected in 25 BeeNet stations in March and June 2021 and 2022. We evaluated diversity and concentration of these chemicals, their risk (TWC) to honey bees, and their correlation with land use. Overall, in 84 % of the samples we found 63 out of 373 different pesticide residues, >90 % of them belonging to fungicides and insecticides. The TWC exceeded the risk threshold in seven samples (TWCmix), mostly due to only one or two compounds. We also found 15 compounds not approved in the EU as plant protection products (PPPs), raising concerns about illegal use or contamination through beeswax recycling. Samples collected in 2021 and in June presented a significantly higher number of active ingredients and TWC than those collected in 2022 and in March. The TWC calculated on single compounds (TWCcom) exceeded the risk threshold in case of four insecticides, namely carbaryl, fipronil, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (although each detected in only one sample). Finally, both TWC and number of active ingredients were moderately or highly positively correlated with the percentage of area covered by orchards. Considering that we found on average more than five different molecules per sample, and that we ignored potential synergistic effects, the results of this work highlight the alarming situation regarding pesticide treatments and toxicity risk for bees linked to the current agricultural practices, and the need for implementing sustainable and pollinator-friendly strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gherardo Bogo
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Caringi
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sergio Albertazzi
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capano
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Amanda Dettori
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Guerra
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Lora
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bortolotti
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Piotr Medrzycki
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Perrot T, Bonmatin JM, Jactel H, Leboulanger C, Goffaux R, Gaba S. Temporal and spatial trends of imidacloprid-related hazards in France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173950. [PMID: 38879021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the top-selling insecticides worldwide. Because of their method of use, mainly to coat seeds, neonicotinoids have been found to widely contaminate the environment. Their high toxicity has been shown to be a major concern in terms of impact on biodiversity, and the use of these insecticides has been associated with population declines of species in different countries. Despite the widespread recognition of the risk of neonicotinoids to biodiversity, their temporal and spatial use remains poorly known in many countries. Yet this information is essential to address the potential impacts of these pesticides on biodiversity and to inform measures to establish protected areas or biodiversity restoration. The present study relied a large publicly available dataset to characterise the temporal and spatial use in France of imidacloprid, the most widely used neonicotinoid worldwide, as well as analysed water contamination surveys between 2005 and 2022 to assess the contamination of the environment. The results show that imidacloprid was the main neonicotinoid used in France over the study period. This use was spatially structured, with higher use in northern and western France, particularly related to cereal and beet crops area. The water contamination survey indicated that imidacloprid has widely contaminated the environment and consequently increased the risk to biodiversity, especially in counties crossed by the Loire, Seine and Vilaine rivers. This risk increased between 2005 and 2018 due to the higher use of imidacloprid and decreased sharply after 2018 due to its ban, although it was reauthorized by derogation for sugar beet in 2021. This study is the first assessment of imidacloprid pressure on biodiversity in France and shows the spatial and temporal correlation between agricultural practices and the freshwater contamination level. These results will help to identify priority areas for mitigation and restoration measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Perrot
- Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité (FRB-Cesab), la Maison des Océans, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CNRS), rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France.
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Biogeco, 33610 Cestas, France
| | | | - Robin Goffaux
- Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité (FRB-Cesab), la Maison des Océans, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Gaba
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, USC 1339 CNRS INRAE Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sabo R, Staroň M, Sabová L, Majchrák T, Bischoff G, Pistorius J, Janke M, Alkassab AT. Honey bees for pesticide monitoring in the landscape: which bee matrices should be used? CHEMOSPHERE 2024:143130. [PMID: 39159766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Among bee species, the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is preferred in monitoring studies performed in the agricultural landscape, while bee matrices, pollen, and honey are mostly a subject of these studies due to their unique composition. A justified question about the relevance of other bee matrices, like larvae, foragers, beebread, and/or wax, has been raised. The ability of different bee matrices (wax, pollen grains, bee bread, foragers, larvae, nectar, and honey) to absorb pesticide residues is subjected in this study. All samples were collected during a crop flowering season (oilseed rape) on intensively managed agricultural land in Slovakia and Germany. The observed high variability in residue levels, profile, and number of detections among studied matrices from Germany, west, and east Slovakia gave us an assumption of the use of different agricultural practices between these two countries. Fungicides clearly dominated across all samples in all sampling regions. The increased pesticide profile positively correlated with the oilseed rape pollen grains in pollen pellets and/or bee bread. Bee wax, pollen, and bee bread showed a high number of detected active substances and total residue concentrations among matrices, indicating their high ability to absorb pesticide residues in the surrounding hive environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Sabo
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Staroň
- NPPC - Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Institute of Apiculture Liptovský Hrádok, Dr. J. Gašperíka 599, 033 01 Liptovský Hrádok, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Sabová
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Majchrák
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Bischoff
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Bee Protection, Königin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Pistorius
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Bee Protection, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Janke
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Institute for Apiculture, Herzogin-Eleonore-Allee 5, 29221 Celle, Germany
| | - Abdulrahim T Alkassab
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Bee Protection, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El Agrebi N, De Smet L, Douny C, Scippo ML, Svečnjak L, de Graaf DC, Saegerman C. A field realistic model to assess the effects of pesticides residues and adulterants on honey bee gene expression. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302183. [PMID: 38923973 PMCID: PMC11206931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While studies on the sublethal effects of chemical residues in beeswax on adult honey bees are increasing, the study protocols assessing the impacts on honey bee brood in realistic conditions still need to be investigated. Moreover, little is known about the residue's effect on gene expression in honey bee brood. This study reports the effects of chlorpyriphos-ethyl, acrinathrin and stearin worker pupae exposure through contaminated or adulterated beeswax on the gene expression of some key health indicators, using a novel in vivo realistic model. Larvae were reared in acrinathrin (12.5, 25, 10 and 100 ppb) and chlorpyriphos-ethyl (5, 10, 500 and 5000 ppb) contaminated or stearin adulterated beeswax (3, 4, 5, 6 and 9%) in newly formed colonies to reduce the influence of external factors. On day 11, mortality rates were assessed. Honey bee pupae were extracted from the comb after 19 days of rearing and were analysed for the gene expression profile of four genes involved in the immune response to pathogens and environmental stress factors (Imd, dorsal, domeless and defensin), and two genes involved in detoxifications mechanisms (CYP6AS14 and CYP9Q3). We found no linear relation between the increase in the pesticide concentrations and the brood mortality rates, unlike stearin where an increase in stearin percentage led to an exponential increase in brood mortality. The immune system of pupae raised in acrinathrin contaminated wax was triggered and the expression of CYP6AS14 was significantly upregulated (exposure to 12.5 and 25 ppb). Almost all expression levels of the tested immune and detoxification genes were down-regulated when pupae were exposed to chlorpyrifos-contaminated wax. The exposure to stearin triggered the immune system and detoxification system of the pupae. The identification of substance-specific response factors might ultimately serve to identify molecules that are safer for bees and the ecosystem's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noëmie El Agrebi
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lina De Smet
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Sciences, Honeybee Valley, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lidija Svečnjak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Wildlife Management and Special Zoology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dirk C. de Graaf
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Sciences, Honeybee Valley, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi J, Wang X, Chen Z, Mao D, Luo Y. Spatial distribution of two acaricides and five neonicotinoids in beehives and surrounding environments in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133892. [PMID: 38461662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Managed bees commonly suffer from cross-contamination with acaricides and neonicotinoids, posing robust threats to bee population health. However, their residual characteristics and spatial distribution in beehives and surrounding environments are poorly understood. This study detected two common acaricides and five neonicotinoids in 240 beehive samples and 44 surrounding environmental samples collected from 25 Chinese provinces. The results showed that 40.0% of the honey samples contained acaricides and 83.1% contained neonicotinoids. Neonicotinoid concentrations in honey were geographically distinguished by the "Hu Huanyong line", and concentrations of neonicotinoids in honey from eastern areas were 2.65-fold higher than those in honey from western areas. Compared to the approved acaricide amitraz, the banned acaricide coumaphos was detected more frequently in honey and was positively correlated with that quantified in the paired pollen samples. Although coumaphos was identified in only three soil samples, lower coumaphos residues in honey might be associated with persistent pollution in the surrounding environment. Conversely, neonicotinoids were detected at higher levels in honey than in the pollen and soil, demonstrating that the neonicotinoid residues in honey have a cumulative effect. This study contributes to a better understanding of the pesticide contamination scenarios that underlie the exposure risks of bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Zeyou Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wu X. Early larval exposure to flumethrin induces long-term impacts on survival and memory behaviors of adult worker bees Apis mellifera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105909. [PMID: 38685230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Flumethrin has been supplied as an acaricide for Varroa mite control in world-wide apiculture due to its low lethal effects on honey bees. However, little is known about the effects of short-term flumethrin exposure in the larval stage on adult life stage of bees involving survival status, foraging and memory-related behaviors. Here, we found that exposure to flumethrin at 1 mg/L during larval stage reduced survival and altered foraging activities including induced precocious foraging activity, decreased foraging trips and time, and altered rotating day-off status of adult worker bees using the radio frequency identification system. Furthermore, larval exposure at 1 mg/L flumethrin influenced the correct proboscis extension responses of 7-day-old worker bees and decreased homing rates of 20-day-old worker bees, suggesting that 1 mg/L flumethrin exposure at larval stage could affect memory-related behaviors of adult bees; meanwhile, three genes related to memory (GluRA, Nmdar1 and Tyr1) were certainly down-regulated varying different flumethrin concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L). Combined with transcriptomic sequencing, differentially expressed genes involved in olfactory memory of adult bees were completely down-regulated under flumethrin exposure. Our findings highlight the unprecedented impact of short-term exposure of insecticides on honey bees in long-term health monitoring under field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Shi
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bischoff K, Moiseff J. The role of the veterinary diagnostic toxicologist in apiary health. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:597-616. [PMID: 37815239 PMCID: PMC10621547 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231203965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility of individuals and groups to toxicants depends on complex interactions involving the host, environment, and other exposures. Apiary diagnostic investigation and honey bee health are truly population medicine: the colony is the patient. Here we provide basic information on the application of toxicology to the testing of domestic honey bees, and, in light of recent research, expand on some of the challenges of interpreting analytical chemistry findings as they pertain to hive health. The hive is an efficiently organized system of wax cells used to store brood, honey, and bee bread, and is protected by the bee-procured antimicrobial compound propolis. Toxicants can affect individual workers outside or inside the hive, with disease processes that range from acute to chronic and subclinical to lethal. Toxicants can impact brood and contaminate honey, bee bread, and structural wax. We provide an overview of important natural and synthetic toxicants to which honey bees are exposed; behavioral, husbandry, and external environmental factors influencing exposure; short- and long-term impacts of toxicant exposure on individual bee and colony health; and the convergent impacts of stress, nutrition, infectious disease, and toxicant exposures on colony health. Current and potential future toxicology testing options are included. Common contaminants in apiary products consumed or used by humans (honey, wax, pollen), their sources, and the potential need for product testing are also noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Bischoff
- New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Moiseff
- New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hesami Arani M, Kermani M, Rezaei Kalantary R, Jaafarzadeh N, Bagheri Arani S. Pesticides residues determination and probabilistic health risk assessment in the soil and cantaloupe by Monte Carlo simulation: A case study in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol, Iran. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115229. [PMID: 37441953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cantaloupe is a popular agricultural product in the hot season of Iran. On the other hand, the frequent use of pesticides in cantaloupe fields is the most important threat to the health of farmers and consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to measure the concentration of diazinon (DZN), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and malathion (MLT) in cantaloupe cultivated in Kashan and Aran-Bidgol (Iran) and to estimate the possible oral and dermal risk of these pesticides by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). 36 cantaloupe samples, 18 samples before, and 18 samples after the latent period were collected from different places of cantaloupe cultivation from April to May 2021. After measuring the pesticides using the QuEChERS approach, oral and dermal risk assessments were calculated.The mean and standard deviation of the concentrations of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and diazinon in 18 cantaloupe samples, after the latent period, were (30.39 ± 13.85), (18.361 ± 1.8), and (21.97 ± 0.86) μg kg-1, respectively. Concentration of Malathion, diazinon, and Chlorpyrifos in the soil were 0.22, 0.25, and 0.3 mg kg-1, respectively, and pesticide cumulative risk assessment in soil was obtained 0.011 for Malathion, 0.05 for diazinon and 0.03 for Chlorpyrifos. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) according to the cantaloupe consumption and dermal exposure in children and adults, was safe range. Although non-cancerous dermal and oral risk of cantaloupe is low, constant exposure can be harmful. Therefore, the findings of this study play an important role in increasing the understanding of the negative health consequences of pesticide contamination in cantaloupe for consumers, especially local residents, and can help by adopting remedial strategies to reduce environmental concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hesami Arani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health System Research, Deputy of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Bagheri Arani
- Advanced studies of Art, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang P, Zhang S, Chai Y, He Q, Gao Q, Xiao J, Yu L, Cao H. Digestion dynamics of acetamiprid during royal jelly formation and exposure risk assessment to honeybee larva based on processing factor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93044-93053. [PMID: 37498429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies to the exposure effects of acetamiprid on honeybees were based on the analysis of bee pollen and honey sacs from field trials or of beebread and honey in the hive, which overestimate or underestimate the risk of exposure to pesticide residues. It was believed that the processing factor (PF) is an important variable to determine the final pesticide residue during royal jelly formation and the actual risk to honeybee larva. Hence, a QuEChERS method to determine acetamiprid contents in honeybee samples was established in this study. Then, the PFs for acetamiprid in beebread fermentation, honey brewing, and royal jelly formation were determined to be 0.85, 0.76, and 0.16, respectively. The PF for royal jelly formation was 0.04 when acetamiprid was detected in beebread alone, and it was 0.12 when acetamiprid was only detected in honey. Finally, the predicted exposure concentration of acetamiprid in royal jelly was calculated to be 2.05 µg/kg using the PF without significant difference with the 90th percentile value (3.64 µg/kg) in the actual sample. However, the value was 16.62 µg/kg without considering the PF. This study establishes a methodology for the correct evaluation of the risk to bee larva of acetamiprid residues in bee pollen and honey sac contents and the residual levels in royal jelly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuhao Chai
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qibao He
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jinjing Xiao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Linsheng Yu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gaubert J, Giovenazzo P, Derome N. Individual and social defenses in Apis mellifera: a playground to fight against synergistic stressor interactions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1172859. [PMID: 37485064 PMCID: PMC10360197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1172859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The honeybee is an important species for the agri-food and pharmaceutical industries through bee products and crop pollination services. However, honeybee health is a major concern, because beekeepers in many countries are experiencing significant colony losses. This phenomenon has been linked to the exposure of bees to multiple stresses in their environment. Indeed, several biotic and abiotic stressors interact with bees in a synergistic or antagonistic way. Synergistic stressors often act through a disruption of their defense systems (immune response or detoxification). Antagonistic interactions are most often caused by interactions between biotic stressors or disruptive activation of bee defenses. Honeybees have developed behavioral defense strategies and produce antimicrobial compounds to prevent exposure to various pathogens and chemicals. Expanding our knowledge about these processes could be used to develop strategies to shield bees from exposure. This review aims to describe current knowledge about the exposure of honeybees to multiple stresses and the defense mechanisms they have developed to protect themselves. The effect of multi-stress exposure is mainly due to a disruption of the immune response, detoxification, or an excessive defense response by the bee itself. In addition, bees have developed defenses against stressors, some behavioral, others involving the production of antimicrobials, or exploiting beneficial external factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Gaubert
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire Giovenazzo, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Giovenazzo
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire Giovenazzo, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Flores JM, Luna A, Rodríguez Fernández-Alba A, Hernando MD. Acceptance by Honey Bees of Wax Decontaminated through an Extraction Process with Methanol. INSECTS 2023; 14:593. [PMID: 37504599 PMCID: PMC10380593 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Honey bees face serious threats. These include the presence of the Varroa destructor mite in hives, which requires the use of acaricides to control. The constant recycling of old wax exacerbates the problem, and results in the accumulation of residues in the beeswax, which is a problem for the viability of the colony. The same happens with the accumulation of phytosanitary residues. In a previous study, we implemented an efficient wax decontamination method using a batch methanol extraction method. The present study evaluates the acceptance of the decontaminated wax by the bees for comb building, brood, honey and pollen containment. The results show a slight delay in the start of comb building and small changes were observed in the pharmacopoeia of the decontaminated wax compared to the original commercial wax. The slight delay in the acceptance of the decontaminated wax could be due to the loss of some components, such as honey residues, which usually appear in the wax. The addition of bee-attractive substances to the manufacturing process could help to mitigate the delay. The results suggest that the use of decontaminated wax is a good alternative to reduce the concentration of residues in hives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Flores
- Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alba Luna
- Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Research Council-Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, CSIC-INIA, Crta. Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- International Doctoral School, Doctorate in Science (Environmental Chemistry Line), National University of Distance Education, C/Bravo Murillo 38, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Alcala University, University Campus, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.600 E-28871, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - María Dolores Hernando
- Department of Desertification and Geoecology, Arid Zones Experimental Station, EEZA-CSIC, Crta. de Sacramento s/n. La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schuhmann A, Scheiner R. A combination of the frequent fungicides boscalid and dimoxystrobin with the neonicotinoid acetamiprid in field-realistic concentrations does not affect sucrose responsiveness and learning behavior of honeybees. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114850. [PMID: 37018858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing loss of pollinators over the last decades has become more and more evident. Intensive use of plant protection products is one key factor contributing to this decline. Especially the mixture of different plant protection products can pose an increased risk for pollinators as synergistic effects may occur. In this study we investigated the effect of the fungicide Cantus® Gold (boscalid/dimoxystrobin), the neonicotinoid insecticide Mospilan® (acetamiprid) and their mixture on honeybees. Since both plant protection products are frequently applied sequentially to the same plants (e.g. oilseed rape), their combination is a realistic scenario for honeybees. We investigated the mortality, the sucrose responsiveness and the differential olfactory learning performance of honeybees under controlled conditions in the laboratory to reduce environmental noise. Intact sucrose responsiveness and learning performance are of pivotal importance for the survival of individual honeybees as well as for the functioning of the entire colony. Treatment with two sublethal and field relevant concentrations of each plant protection product did not lead to any significant effects on these behaviors but affected the mortality rate. However, our study cannot exclude possible negative sublethal effects of these substances in higher concentrations. In addition, the honeybee seems to be quite robust when it comes to effects of plant protection products, while wild bees might be more sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Schuhmann
- University of Würzburg, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ricarda Scheiner
- University of Würzburg, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Végh R, Csóka M, Mednyánszky Z, Sipos L. Pesticide residues in bee bread, propolis, beeswax and royal jelly - A review of the literature and dietary risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113806. [PMID: 37121430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to pollinator decline observed worldwide, many studies have been conducted on the pesticide residue content of apicultural products including bee bread, propolis, beeswax and royal jelly. These products are consumed for their nutraceutical properties, although, little information is available on the human health risk posed by pesticides present in them. In our research, studies dealing with the pesticide contamination of the above-mentioned hive products are reviewed. Dietary exposures were calculated based on the recommended daily intake values and concentration data reported by scientific studies. Potential acute and chronic health risk of consumers were evaluated by comparing the exposure values with health-based guidance values. Available data indicate that a wide range of pesticide residues, especially acaricides may accumulate in bee bread, propolis and beeswax, up to concentration levels of more thousand μg/kg. Based on our observations, tau-fluvalinate, coumaphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos and amitraz are commonly detected pesticide active substances in beehive products. Our estimates suggest that coumaphos and chlorfenvinphos can accumulate in beeswax to an extent that pose a potential health risk to the consumers of comb honey. However, it appears that pesticide residues do not transfer to royal jelly, presumably due to the filtering activity of nurse bees during secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Végh
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Department of Nutrition, 1118, Budapest, Somlói út 14-16., Hungary
| | - Mariann Csóka
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Department of Nutrition, 1118, Budapest, Somlói út 14-16., Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Mednyánszky
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Department of Nutrition, 1118, Budapest, Somlói út 14-16., Hungary
| | - László Sipos
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Department of Postharvest, Commercial and Sensory Science, 1118, Budapest, Villányi út 29-43., Hungary; Institute of Economics, Centre of Economic and Regional Studies, Lóránd Eötvös Research Network, 1097, Budapest, Tóth Kálmán utca 4., Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang M, Dong J, Yang S, Xiao M, Guo H, Zhang J, Wang D. Ecotoxicological effects of common fungicides on the eastern honeybee Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161637. [PMID: 36649770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of fungicides for plant protection has increased the potential for pollinator exposure. This study therefore aimed at assessing the acute and chronic effects of fungicides on pollinators. For this purpose, the acute oral toxicity of the common fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and boscalid to Eastern honeybee Apis cerana cerena was first evaluated, and the chronic effects on multiple aspects were investigated after exposure to a one-tenth medium lethal dose (LD50) for 10 days. This study revealed that the LD50 values of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and boscalid for adult Eastern honeybees were 12.7 μg/bee, 36.6 μg/bee, and >119 μg/bee, respectively. Midgut epithelial cells revealed that fungicide exposure caused increased intercellular spaces and varying degrees of vacuolization. Exposure to these three fungicides and their binary mixtures significantly affected glycerophospholipid, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism in Eastern honeybee midguts. Additionally, the relative composition of Lactobacillus, the dominant functional genus in Eastern honeybee guts decreased and microbial balance was disrupted. All fungicides and their mixtures induced strong transcriptional upregulation of genes associated with the immune response and encoding enzymes related to oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism, including abaecin, apidaecin, hymenotaecin, cyp4c3, cyp6a2 and hbg3. Our study provides important insight for understanding the effects of commonly used fungicides on nontarget pollinator and contributes to a more comprehensive assessment of fungicide effects on ecological and environmental safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shuyuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Minghui Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Haikun Guo
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Deqian Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schaad E, Fracheboud M, Droz B, Kast C. Quantitation of pesticides in bee bread collected from honey bee colonies in an agricultural environment in Switzerland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56353-56367. [PMID: 36917390 PMCID: PMC10121494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide contamination of bee products is a widespread phenomenon. Due to its composition, bee bread is affected by both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances. As proof of concept of a monitoring campaign and to better understand the extent of contamination, we developed an analytical method based on a modified QuEChERS extraction, with subsequent separation by liquid chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry. This allowed for the quantitation of 51 agricultural- or beekeeping-associated pesticides in bee bread. The workflow was applied to 60 samples taken biweekly throughout spring to autumn 2022 from five colonies at a Swiss apiary in an agricultural area. In total, 30 pesticides were identified (> LOD), among which 26 pesticides were quantitated. The total number of pesticides detected per colony ranged from 11 to 19. The most prevalent substances (> LOQ) were two neonicotinoid insecticides, acetamiprid and thiacloprid (max. 16 μg/kg and 37 μg/kg, respectively); seven fungicides, azoxystrobin (max. 72 μg/kg), boscalid (max. 50 μg/kg), cyprodinil (max. 1965 μg/kg), difenoconazole (max. 73 μg/kg), mandipropamid (max. 33 μg/kg), pyraclostrobin (max. 8 μg/kg) and trifloxystrobin (max. 38 μg/kg); and two herbicides, prosulfocarb (max. 38 μg/kg) and terbuthylazine (max. 26 μg/kg). The study revealed strong variability in pesticide occurrence and concentrations among colonies sampled at the same site and date. The applied biweekly sampling of bee bread from March to August was shown to be reliable in capturing peak contaminations and revealing the onset of certain pesticides in bee bread. The study provides an adequate practical approach for pesticide monitoring campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Schaad
- Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marion Fracheboud
- Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Droz
- Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina Kast
- Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Angelier F, Prouteau L, Brischoux F, Chastel O, Devier MH, Le Menach K, Martin S, Mohring B, Pardon P, Budzinski H. High contamination of a sentinel vertebrate species by azoles in vineyards: a study of common blackbirds (Turdus merula) in multiple habitats in western France. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120655. [PMID: 36410596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Azoles represent the most used family of organic fungicides worldwide and they are used in agriculture to circumvent the detrimental impact of fungi on yields. Although it is known that these triazoles can contaminate the air, the soil, and the water, field data are currently and dramatically lacking to assess if, and to what extent, the use of triazoles could contaminate non-target wild vertebrate species, notably in agroecosystems. In this study, we aimed to document for the first time the degree of blood contamination of a generalist wild bird species by multiple azoles which are used for plant protection and fungi pest control in various habitats. We deployed passive air samplers and captured 118 Common blackbirds (Turdus merula) in an agroecosystem (vineyard), a protected forest, and a city in western France. We collected blood and analyzed the plasma levels of 13 triazoles and 2 imidazoles. We found that a significant percentage of blackbirds living in vineyards have extremely high plasma levels of multiple azoles (means (pg.g-1); tebuconazole: 149.23, difenoconazole: 44.27, fenbuconazole: 239.38, tetraconazole: 1194.16), while contamination was very limited in the blackbirds from the protected forest and absent in urban blackbirds. Interestingly, we also report that the contamination of blackbirds living in vineyard was especially high at the end of Spring and the beginning of Summer and this matches perfectly with the results from the passive air samplers (i.e., high levels of azoles in the air of vineyards during June and July). However, we did not find any correlation between the levels of plasma contamination by azoles and two simple integrative biomarkers of health (feather density and body condition) in this sentinel species. Future experimental studies are now needed to assess the potential sub-lethal effects of such levels of contamination on the physiology of non-target vertebrate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Angelier
- Centre D'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-LRU, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, 79360, France.
| | - Louise Prouteau
- Centre D'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-LRU, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, 79360, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre D'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-LRU, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, 79360, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre D'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-LRU, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, 79360, France
| | | | - Karyn Le Menach
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Stéphan Martin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Bertille Mohring
- Centre D'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-LRU, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, 79360, France; Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20250, Turku, Finland
| | - Patrick Pardon
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma A, Pant K, Brar DS, Thakur A, Nanda V. A review on Api-products: current scenario of potential contaminants and their food safety concerns. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Rahman A, Ali MA, Xavier C, Santos DM, Daam MA, Azevedo EB, Brigante Castele J, Vieira EM. Modified QuEChERS Method for Extracting Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid from Stingless Bees: Development, Application, and Green Metrics. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2365-2374. [PMID: 35770720 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a method for the determination of residues of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris Latreille (1811) was optimized through a factorial design, tested using green metrics, and then applied to exposed bees. It combines the extraction with a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and the determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Different parameters such as the mass of the sample, dispersive sorbents, and elution solvents were assessed. Method validation parameters were checked and include sensitivity, specificity, and linearity. The limit of quantification of 0.0025 μg g-1 was obtained for both insecticides, where accuracy was 94%-100% with satisfactory intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviation <10%). The qualified method was applied to orally and topically exposed bee samples, and the results indicated that it is suitable for the determination and quantification of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in this species. Moreover, green analytical metrics like the National Environmental Methods Index, Eco Scale score, high-performance liquid chromatography with an environmental assessment tool (HPLC-EAT), waste generation, and amount of sample were compared with methods described in the literature involving neonicotinoid analysis in honeybees. As a result, the present study displayed the highest Eco Scale score and HPLC-EAT score and the second smallest amount of sample and waste generated. Thus, the method meets green analytical metrics more than other methods. In this sense, besides the application, the multicriteria decision analysis tool employed suggests that this is a good option as a green analytical method. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2365-2374. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Rahman
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mian Abdul Ali
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Chubraider Xavier
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | | | - Eny Maria Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Perez-Cobo I, Fernández-Alba AR, Hernando MD. First national survey of residues of active substances in honeybee apiaries across Spain between 2012 and 2016. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155614. [PMID: 35504369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This nationwide monitoring aimed to investigate the prevalence of residues of plant protection products (PPPs) and veterinary medicine products (VMPs) based on random selection of apiaries of Apis mellifera. For a three-year period (2012, 2013 and 2016), this study targeted 306 PPPs, VMPs and other active substances in 442 samples of bee bread honeycomb (BBHC) and 89 samples of honeybees collected from up to 177 apiaries. The results indicate that honeybees were most often exposed to residues of coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, chlorfenvinphos, and acrinathrin, with a prevalence from a maximum of 98.8% to 49.4% in BBHC samples. Residues of coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, amitraz (DMF + DMPF), carbendazim and orthophenylphenol were also frequently detected, from a maximum of 55.1% to 13.5% of the honeybee samples. Neonicotinoid residues, namely clothianidin and thiamethoxam, whose outdoor uses in crops are completely banned in EU, were not detected. Imidacloprid was found in 3.4% to 13.3% of samples during 2013 and 2016, respectively. Imidacloprid exceeded its acute toxicity (LD50) value for honey bees in two samples of BBHC. Fipronil was detected in 0.5% of the samples during 2013. The diversity of active substances found (% of different residues analyzed) ranged from 33.9% to 37.2% in BBHC from 2012, 2013 to 2016, and was of 26.5% in honeybees in 2016. In at least 54% of the samples, the total residue load was in the range of 200 to 1500 μg·kg-1. Up to 50% of BBHC samples were positive for one or two residues. No toxic residues for honeybees were detected in up to 88.8% of bee samples. This systematic surveillance of active substances assisted the evaluation of which target pesticides to look for and provided support to the competent authorities in the bee health decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Perez-Cobo
- Central Veterinary-Animal Health Laboratory (LCV), 28110 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M Dolores Hernando
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ponce-Vejar G, Ramos de Robles SL, Macias-Macias JO, Petukhova T, Guzman-Novoa E. Detection and Concentration of Neonicotinoids and Other Pesticides in Honey from Honey Bee Colonies Located in Regions That Differ in Agricultural Practices: Implications for Human and Bee Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138199. [PMID: 35805859 PMCID: PMC9266292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This is a preliminary study conducted to analyze the presence and concentration of pesticides in honey obtained from honey bee colonies located in two regions with managed ecosystems that differ in the intensity and technification of agricultural practices. Fourteen pesticides at variable concentrations were detected in 63% of the samples analyzed. The pesticides most frequently found at higher concentrations were insecticides (neonicotinoids, followed by organophosphates), herbicides, and fungicides. The number, frequency, and concentration of pesticides were higher in samples collected from hives located where intensive and highly-technified agriculture is practiced. Forty-three percent of the samples from that zone had residues of imidacloprid, compared with only 13% of the samples from the less-technified zone. Furthermore, 87.5% of those samples had imidacloprid concentrations that were above sublethal doses for honey bees (>0.25 ng/g) but that are not considered hazardous to human health by the European Commission. The results of this study suggest that honey can be used as a bioindicator of environmental contamination by pesticides, which highlights the need to continue monitoring contaminants in this product to determine the risks of pesticide impacts on pollinator health, on ecosystems, and on their potential implications to human health and other non-target organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Ponce-Vejar
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44600, Mexico;
| | - S. Lizette Ramos de Robles
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44600, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
| | - José Octavio Macias-Macias
- Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas (CIABE), Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Mexico; (J.O.M.-M.); (E.G.-N.)
| | - Tatiana Petukhova
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Ernesto Guzman-Novoa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas (CIABE), Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Mexico; (J.O.M.-M.); (E.G.-N.)
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rondeau S, Raine NE. Fungicides and bees: a review of exposure and risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107311. [PMID: 35714526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides account for more than 35% of the global pesticide market and their use is predicted to increase in the future. While fungicides are commonly applied during bloom when bees are likely foraging on crops, whether real-world exposure to these chemicals - alone or in combination with other stressors - constitutes a threat to the health of bees is still the subject of great uncertainty. The first step in estimating the risks of exposure to fungicides for bees is to understand how and to what extent bees are exposed to these active ingredients. Here we review the current knowledge that exists about exposure to fungicides that bees experience in the field, and link quantitative data on exposure to acute and chronic risk of lethal endpoints for honey bees (Apis mellifera). From the 702 publications we screened, 76 studies contained quantitative data on residue detections in honey bee matrices, and a further 47 provided qualitative information about exposure for a range of bee taxa through various routes. We compiled data for 90 fungicides and metabolites that have been detected in honey, beebread, pollen, beeswax, and the bodies of honey bees. The risks posed to honey bees by fungicide residues was estimated through the EPA Risk Quotient (RQ) approach. Based on residue concentrations detected in honey and pollen/beebread, none of the reported fungicides exceeded the levels of concern (LOC) set by regulatory agencies for acute risk, while 3 and 12 fungicides exceeded the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) chronic LOC for honey bees and wild bees, respectively. When considering exposure to all bees, fungicides of most concern include many broad-spectrum systemic fungicides, as well as the widely used broad-spectrum contact fungicide chlorothalonil. In addition to providing a detailed overview of the frequency and extent of fungicide residue detections in the bee environment, we identified important research gaps and suggest future directions to move towards a more comprehensive understanding and mitigation of the risks of exposure to fungicides for bees, including synergistic risks of co-exposure to fungicides and other pesticides or pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rondeau
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Nigel E Raine
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tong Z, Yang T, Sun M, Dong X, Chu Y, Meng D, Wang M, Gao T, Duan J. Systemic assessment of the chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen in a citrus nectar source system: Stereoselective degradation, biological effect and exposure risk. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3012-3018. [PMID: 35426212 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balancing the safety and efficiency of chiral pesticides can help protect pollinators. We evaluated the stereoselective behavior, bioactivity, toxicity and exposure risk of the chiral insecticide pyriproxyfen in a citrus nectar system. RESULTS Density functional theory (DFT) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) were applied for absolute configuration appraisal and chiral analysis validation, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 72.3% to 100.5% with an relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from 1.2% to 9.7%. In a field trial, we determined insecticide half-lives in citrus leaves and flowers, which were 7.0 and 8.6 days for R-(+)-pyriproxyfen, and 11.7 and 14.7 days for S-(-)-pyriproxyfen, respectively. We found that the bioactivity of R-(+)-pyriproxyfen was 3.39 and 2.37 times higher than S-(-)-pyriproxyfen against Unaspis yanonensis and Diaphorina citri nymphs, respectively. S-(-)-pyriproxyfen had 3.8 times higher acute toxicity than R-(+)-pyriproxyfen on Apis mellifera L., and its exposure risk was moderate based on the hazard quotient. CONCLUSION The phenomenon of stereoselective degradation and biological effect demonstrated that the high-risk stereoisomer of S-(-)-pyriproxyfen degraded more slowly than R-(+)-pyriproxyfen, but R-(+)-pyriproxyfen with better efficiency for target. Therefore, an increased duration of R-(+)-pyriproxyfen activity on citrus was beneficial for efficacy. Our results could guide the scientific application and evaluation of chiral pesticides on nectar plants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Tingmi Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Meng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Tongchun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Jinsheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Zeng D, Li L, Hong X, Li-Byarlay H, Luo S. Assessing the toxicological interaction effects of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and chlorpyrifos on Bombus terrestris based on the combination index. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6301. [PMID: 35428747 PMCID: PMC9012744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern agricultural production, a variety of pesticides are widely used to protect crops against pests. However, extensive residues of these pesticides in the soil, water, and pollen have negatively affected the health of nontarget organisms, especially among pollinators such as bumblebees. As an important pollinator, the bumblebee plays a vital role in agricultural production and the maintenance of ecosystem diversity. Previous research has focused on the effects of a single pesticide on pollinating insects; however, the synergistic effects of multiple agents on bumblebees have been not studied in detail. Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and chlorpyrifos are three of common pesticides known for severe effects on bumblebee health. It is still unknown what synergistic effects of these pesticides on pollinators. In our test, the individual and combined toxicities of chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid to bumblebees after 48 h of oral administration were documented by the equivalent linear equation method. Our results showed that the toxicity of each single pesticide exposure, from high to low, was imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and chlorpyrifos. All binary and ternary combinations showed synergistic or additive effects. Therefore, our research not only shows that the mixed toxicity of insecticides has a significant effect on bumblebees, but also provides scientific guidelines for assessing the safety risks to bumblebees of these three insecticide compounds. In assessing the risk to pollinating insects, the toxicity levels of laboratory experiments are much lower than the actual toxicity in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lu Li
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Xiuchun Hong
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Hongmei Li-Byarlay
- Agricultural Research and Development Program, Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH, USA.
| | - Shudong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiao J, He Q, Liu Q, Wang Z, Yin F, Chai Y, Yang Q, Jiang X, Liao M, Yu L, Jiang W, Cao H. Analysis of honey bee exposure to multiple pesticide residues in the hive environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150292. [PMID: 34536857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the loss of honeybees in hives could have a greater impact on colony health than those of their foraging bees, it is imperative to know beehives' pesticide exposure via oral ingestion of contaminated in-hive matrices. Here, a 4-year monitoring survey of 64 pesticide residues in pollen, nectar and related beehive matrices (beebread and honey) from China's main honey producing areas was carried out using a modified version of the QuEChERS multi-residue method. The results showed that 93.6% of pollen, 81.5% of nectar, 96.6% of beebread, and 49.3% of honey containing at least one target pesticide were detected either at or above the method detection limits (MDLs), respectively, with up to 19 pesticides found per sample. Carbendazim was the most frequently detected pesticide (present in >85% of the samples), and pyrethroids were also abundant (median concentration = 134.3-279.0 μg/kg). The transfer of pesticides from the environment into the beehive was shown, but the pesticide transference ratio may be affected by complex factors. Although the overall risk to colony health from pesticides appears to be at an acceptable level, the hazard quotient/hazard index (HQ/HI) value revealed that pyrethroids were clearly the most influential contributor, accounting for up to 45% of HI. Collectively, these empirical findings provide further insights into the extent of contamination caused by agricultural pesticide use on honeybee colonies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Qibao He
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Qiongqiong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Fang Yin
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yuhao Chai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xingchuan Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Linsheng Yu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Wayne Jiang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 48824 East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Presence and distribution of pesticides in apicultural products: A critical appraisal. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Li H, Liu S, Chen L, Luo J, Zeng D, Li X. Juvenile hormone and transcriptional changes in honey bee worker larvae when exposed to sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112744. [PMID: 34481358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam, an insecticide with high usage and large amounts of environmental residues, has been reported to affect the pupation and survival of honey bee larvae at sublethal concentrations. The molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we measured the response of juvenile hormone (JH) to environmental concentrations of thiamethoxam using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), monitored the dynamic changes in the transcription of genes encoding major JH metabolic enzymes (CYP15A1, FAMET, JHAMT and JHE) using RT-qPCR, and analysed the transcriptome changes in worker larvae under thiamethoxam stress using RNA-seq. Thiamethoxam significantly increased the levels of JH3 in honey bee larvae, but no significant changes in the transcript levels of the four major metabolic enzymes were observed. Thiamethoxam exposure resulted in 140 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). P450 CYP6AS5 was upregulated, and some ion-related, odourant-related and gustatory receptors for sugar taste genes were altered significantly. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism and protein digestion and absorption were influenced by thiamethoxam. These changes may do harm to honey bee caste differentiation, foraging behaviour related to sensory perception and nutrient levels of bee colonies. These results represent the first assessment of the effects of thiamethoxam on JH in honey bee larvae and provides a new perspective and molecular basis for the study of JH regulation and thiamethoxam toxicity to honey bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Lichao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Agricultural Product Safety, Guangxi University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu L, Yang H, Cheng F, Wu Z, Huang Q, He X, Yan W, Zhang L, Wu X. Honey bee Apis mellifera larvae gut microbial and immune, detoxication responses towards flumethrin stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118107. [PMID: 34500395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mites are considered the worst enemy of honey bees, resulting in economic losses in agricultural production. In apiculture, flumethrin is frequently used to control mites. It causes residues of flumethrin in colonies which may threaten honey bees, especially for larvae. Still, the impact of flumethrin-induced dysbiosis on honey bees larval health has not been fully elucidated, and any impact of microbiota for decomposing flumethrin in honey bees is also poorly understood. In this study, 2-day-old larvae were fed with different flumethrin-sucrose solutions (0, 0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg) and the dose increased daily (1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 μL) until capped, thereafter the expression level of two immune genes (hymenoptaecin, defensin1) and two detoxication-related genes (GST, catalase) were measured. Meanwhile, the effect of flumethrin on honey bee larvae (Apis mellifera) gut microbes was also explored via 16S rRNA Illumina deep sequencing. We found that flumethrin at 5 mg/kg triggered the over expression of immune-related genes in larvae, while the larval detoxification-related genes were up-regulated when the concentrations reached 50 mg/kg. Moreover, the abundance and diversity of microbes in flumethrin-treated groups (over 0.5 mg/kg) were significantly lower than control group, but it increased with flumethrin concentrations among the flumethrin-treated groups. Our results revealed that microbes served as a barrier in the honey bee gut and were able to protect honey bee larvae to a certain extent, and reduce the stress of flumethrin on honey bee larvae. In addition, as the concentration of flumethrin increases, honey bee larvae activate their immune system then detoxification system to defend against the potential threat of flumethrin. This is the first report on the impact of flumethrin on gut microbiota in honey bees larvae. The findings revealed new fundamental insights regarding immune and detoxification of host-associated microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Yu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Heyan Yang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Fuping Cheng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Xujiang He
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Weiyu Yan
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kiljanek T, Niewiadowska A, Małysiak M, Posyniak A. Miniaturized multiresidue method for determination of 267 pesticides, their metabolites and polychlorinated biphenyls in low mass beebread samples by liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 235:122721. [PMID: 34517589 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current work presents developed and validated miniaturized method for residue analysis of 261 pesticides and their metabolites as well as 6 congeners of non-dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (ndl-PCB) in a very low mass beebread sample. Sample preparation is based on modified QuEChERS protocol with all steps miniaturized to enable multiresidue analysis of sample with extremely low weight. Sample of beebread (0.3 g) was extracted with 1 mL of acetonitrile containing 5% formic acid and ammonium formate salt were added, then extract was subjected to clean-up by freezing and two-step dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) with a Supel QuE Verde sorbents (Supelclean ENVI-Carb Y; Supelclean PSA; Z-Sep+; magnesium sulfate). After 1st step dSPE a portion of extract was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for 200 pesticide residues. Remaining extract was subjected to 2nd step dSPE clean-up by another Supel QuE Verde and then after concentration and solvent exchange it was analyzed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for another 61 pesticide and 6 ndl-PCB residues. Method enables determination of residues of 101 insecticides, 72 herbicides, 67 fungicides, 10 acaricides, 6 growth regulators, 5 veterinary drugs and 6 ndl-PCB's. Particular attention was paid to the pesticides being active substances of plant protection products recommended for the protection of winter oilseed rape and apple orchards which during their blooming periods are one of the most attractive sources of food for pollinators and could serve as representatives of other economically important crops. Method was validated according to the Guidance document SANTE/12682/2019 at six concentration levels from 0.001 to 0.5 mg kg-1. The analysis of beebread samples spiked at the level of 0.01 mg kg-1showed mean recovery (trueness) value of about 98% and RSDr (precision) below 20%. The small weight of the sample did not adversely affect the limits of quantification and 75% of analytes could be quantified at least at concentration of 0.005 mg kg-1. Developed mini-method was tested in the analysis of beebread samples, each extracted from individual cell of honeycomb. It is the first time when analyses at single comb cell level were possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kiljanek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
| | - Alicja Niewiadowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Marta Małysiak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hrynko I, Kaczyński P, Łozowicka B. A global study of pesticides in bees: QuEChERS as a sample preparation methodology for their analysis - Critical review and perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148385. [PMID: 34153771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To this day, it remains unknown what the cause of decline of honey bee populations is and how to prevent this phenomenon efficiently. Poisonings with pesticides are assumed to be among the main causes for the decline of the honey bee population. Despite the significant progress observed in analytics over recent years, research aimed at improving methods applied in diagnostics of bee poisoning is still in progress. This is no easy task, since determination of the content of trace amounts (often equal to sublethal doses) of a wide range of compounds with diverse physico-chemical properties in honey bee samples with a complex matrix composition poses a serious challenge to modern analytics. This overview is the first to include a comprehensive critical assessment of analytical methods proposed for quantification of pesticides in honey bees over the last decade. Since the QuEChERS method is currently of great significance to ensuring accurate and reliable results of pesticide quantification in honey bees, the present overview focuses on the major aspects of this method, which will provide a comprehensive reference for scientists. The review focuses on the limitations of methods and on potential future prospects. It also contains information on the detection of pesticides in honey bees between 2010 and 2020 and characterizes the pesticide classes which are most toxic to these insects. This is extremely important, not just in the context of understanding the potential adverse impact of pesticides, manifesting as losses in bee colonies; it is also intended to facilitate decision-making in future research related to this difficult yet very important subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Hrynko
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wen X, Ma C, Sun M, Wang Y, Xue X, Chen J, Song W, Li-Byarlay H, Luo S. Pesticide residues in the pollen and nectar of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and their potential risks to honey bees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147443. [PMID: 33965824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research evidence suggests that pesticide residues are one of the leading potential causes of the decline in pollinators, especially during vulnerable periods such as foraging in the early springtime. In China, no research quantifies pesticide residues in the nectar and pollen of honey bee colonies during this period or examines the potential risks and toxicity of pesticides to honey bees. Oilseed rape is one of the first and primary bee-attractive plants in most parts of China. Here, we investigated the pesticide residues in the oilseed rape of the years 2017 and 2018 in China. The hazard quotient (HQ) from pollen and nectar and the BeeREX risk assessment were used to evaluate the potential risks of the pesticide residues to honey bees. We detected 48 pesticides in pollen samples and 34 chemicals in nectar samples. The maximum pollen HQ (PHQ) values (contact or oral) ranged from 0.16 to 706,421, and the maximum nectar HQ (NHQ) values (contact or oral) ranged from 0.07 to 185,135. In particular, carbofuran, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and fenpropathrin have relatively high PHQ and NHQ values. Our results indicated that further investigation of nearly half of the tested compounds is needed because their PHQ or NHQ values are more than 50. Especially cyfluthrin and carbofuran need advanced tier assessment due to their maximum RQ (risk quotient) values exceeding the level of concern. These results provide valuable guidance for protecting bees and other pollinators in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wencheng Song
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li-Byarlay
- Agricultural Research and Development Program, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH, USA.
| | - Shudong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mahdavi V, Eslami Z, Golmohammadi G, Tajdar-oranj B, Keikavousi Behbahan A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Simultaneous determination of multiple pesticide residues in Iranian saffron: A probabilistic health risk assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
32
|
Wilmart O, Legrève A, Scippo ML, Reybroeck W, Urbain B, de Graaf DC, Spanoghe P, Delahaut P, Saegerman C. Honey bee exposure scenarios to selected residues through contaminated beeswax. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145533. [PMID: 33770874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two pesticides and veterinary drugs of which residues were detected in beeswax in Europe were selected according to different criteria. The risk to honey bee health posed by the presence of these residues in wax was assessed based on three exposure scenarios. The first one corresponds to the exposure of larvae following their close contact with wax constituting the cells in which they develop. The second one corresponds to the exposure of larvae following consumption of the larval food that was contaminated from contact with contaminated wax. The third one corresponds to the exposure of adult honey bees following wax chewing when building cells and based on a theoretical worst-case scenario (= intake of contaminants from wax). Following these three scenarios, maximum concentrations which should not be exceeded in beeswax in order to protect honey bee health were calculated for each selected substance. Based on these values, provisional action limits were proposed. Beeswax exceeding these limits should not be put on the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Wilmart
- Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC), Directorate Control Policy, Staff Direction for Risk Assessment, 55 Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne Legrève
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Earth & Life Institute (ELI), 2 bte L7.05.03 Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Scientific Committee, Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, 55 Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; University of Liège (ULiège), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Sciences - Laboratory of Food Analysis, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Center, 10 Avenue de Cureghem, B43bis, B-4000 Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - Wim Reybroeck
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, 370 Brusselsesteenweg, B-9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Bruno Urbain
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP), Eurostation II, 40/40 Place Victor Horta, B-1060 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk C de Graaf
- Ghent University (UGent), Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, 281 S2 Krijgslaan, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Scientific Committee, Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, 55 Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University (UGent), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, 653 Coupure links, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delahaut
- Scientific Committee, Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, 55 Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Centre d'Economie Rurale (CER), Département Santé, 8 Rue de la Science, B-6900 Aye, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Scientific Committee, Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, 55 Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; University of Liège (ULiège), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Quartier Vallée 2, 7A Avenue de Cureghem, B42, B-4000 Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Domínguez JR, González T, Correia S, Domínguez EM. Sonochemical degradation of neonicotinoid pesticides in natural surface waters. Influence of operational and environmental conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111021. [PMID: 33774014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids sonochemical oxidation at high-frequency ultrasound (MHz range) has been carried out in ultrapure and natural surface-water matrices (river, reservoir and wastewater treatment plant effluent). To evaluate the influence of the operating variables, that is initial pollutant concentration, ultrasound frequency, ultrasound power, and pulse-stop time a Box-Behnken experimental design was planned. Optimal results were obtained using a frequency of 578 kHz, a power of 40 W L-1, with a pollutant concentration of 1 μM (for each pesticide), and using a pulse-stop time of 100 ms. The experimental data adjustment using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood heterogeneous kinetic model showed that neonicotinoids oxidation was carried out in the bubble-liquid interface by the attack of hydroxyl radicals. Experiments performed in the presence of radical scavengers, that is, methanol, ethanol and tert-butyl alcohol corroborated this reaction mechanism. The influence of some environmental conditions such as pH, presence of soluble inorganic species (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, HPO42-, HCO3-) and soluble organic species (humic acids content) were established. Finally, the aqueous matrix's influence was investigated for three natural surface water cases, and the results were rationalized according to the main water physicochemical characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin R Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Area of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, S/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Teresa González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Area of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, S/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Correia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Area of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, S/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eva M Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Area of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, S/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Giorio C, Safer A, Sánchez-Bayo F, Tapparo A, Lentola A, Girolami V, van Lexmond MB, Bonmatin JM. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 1: new molecules, metabolism, fate, and transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11716-11748. [PMID: 29105037 PMCID: PMC7920890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been conducted in three parts. The present part focuses on gaps of knowledge that have been addressed after publication of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides in 2015. More specifically, new data on the mode of action and metabolism of neonicotinoids and fipronil, and their toxicity to invertebrates and vertebrates, were obtained. We included the newly detected synergistic effects and/or interactions of these systemic insecticides with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, adjuvants, honeybee viruses, and parasites of honeybees. New studies have also investigated the contamination of all environmental compartments (air and dust, soil, water, sediments, and plants) as well as bees and apicultural products, food and beverages, and the exposure of invertebrates and vertebrates to such contaminants. Finally, we review new publications on remediation of neonicotinoids and fipronil, especially in water systems. Conclusions of the previous WIA in 2015 are reinforced; neonicotinoids and fipronil represent a major threat worldwide for biodiversity, ecosystems, and all the services the latter provide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Laboratoire Chimie de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anton Safer
- Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, INF324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Lentola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Girolami
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pisa L, Goulson D, Yang EC, Gibbons D, Sánchez-Bayo F, Mitchell E, Aebi A, van der Sluijs J, MacQuarrie CJK, Giorio C, Long EY, McField M, Bijleveld van Lexmond M, Bonmatin JM. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 2: impacts on organisms and ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11749-11797. [PMID: 29124633 PMCID: PMC7921077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New information on the lethal and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on organisms is presented in this review, complementing the previous Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) in 2015. The high toxicity of these systemic insecticides to invertebrates has been confirmed and expanded to include more species and compounds. Most of the recent research has focused on bees and the sublethal and ecological impacts these insecticides have on pollinators. Toxic effects on other invertebrate taxa also covered predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and aquatic arthropods. Little new information has been gathered on soil organisms. The impact on marine and coastal ecosystems is still largely uncharted. The chronic lethality of neonicotinoids to insects and crustaceans, and the strengthened evidence that these chemicals also impair the immune system and reproduction, highlights the dangers of this particular insecticidal class (neonicotinoids and fipronil), with the potential to greatly decrease populations of arthropods in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Sublethal effects on fish, reptiles, frogs, birds, and mammals are also reported, showing a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity of these insecticides in vertebrates and their deleterious impacts on growth, reproduction, and neurobehaviour of most of the species tested. This review concludes with a summary of impacts on the ecosystem services and functioning, particularly on pollination, soil biota, and aquatic invertebrate communities, thus reinforcing the previous WIA conclusions (van der Sluijs et al. 2015).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - En-Cheng Yang
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Gibbons
- RSPB Centre for Conservation of Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Edward Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Aebi
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Anthropology Institute, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Saint-Nicolas 4, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen van der Sluijs
- Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J K MacQuarrie
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth Yim Long
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Melanie McField
- Smithsonian Institution, 701 Seaway Drive Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hrynko I, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Development of precise micro analytical tool to identify potential insecticide hazards to bees in guttation fluid using LC-ESI-MS/MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128143. [PMID: 33297131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the development of a miniaturized and precise analytical tool for biomonitoring of honey bee exposure to insecticides. This is the first work describing an analytical method for determination of very low concentrations of a wide range of insecticides in maize guttation fluid. Seed treatment with systemic insecticides or their foliar application causes the accumulation of compounds in the guttation liquid, which consists of excess water and compounds removed by plants and is a source of water for bees. A micro-QuEChERS protocol using 1 g of sample was used for analysis of over 140 insecticides belonging to 30 different chemical classes by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The determination of insecticides in guttation fluid is a difficult analytical task due to 1) the complexity of the sample matrix, 2) small amounts of test samples and 3) trace levels of analytes (often equal sublethal dose of insecticide for bees). An efficient sample treatment is proposed, involving 1 g of sample, extraction with 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, frozen, ultrasound-assisted, centrifugation and dispersive solid phase extraction with nano graphene oxide. Other tested sorbents: Fe3O4MNPs and two mixtures PSA/C18/GCB and Z-Sep did not give satisfactory parameters during sample purification. The graphene oxide proved to be the best, ensuring negligible matrix effects and analyte recoveries between 70% and 120% with relative standard deviations <20% for most of the compounds studied. The proposed method enables assessment of risk to honey bees resulting from exposure to guttation fluids containing toxic insecticides at very low concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Hrynko
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Determination of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Propolis with Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245870. [PMID: 33322588 PMCID: PMC7764281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a method was developed for the determination of five neonicotinoid pesticides (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) in propolis. Two sample preparation methods were tested: solid-phase extraction and the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The identities of analytes were confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Solid-phase extraction resulted in cleaner extracts; therefore, the SPE-LC-MS/MS method was validated according to the SANTE protocol in triplicate at two spiking levels (10 ng/g and 50 ng/g). The average recoveries of analytes ranged from 61% to 101%, except for clothianidin (10-20%). The LOD ranged from 0.2 ng/g to 4.4 ng/g, whereas the LOQ was in the range of 0.8 ng/g-14.7 ng/g. In order to compensate for the matrix effect, matrix-matched calibration was used. Good accuracy (relative error: 1.9-10.4%) and good linearity (R2 > 0.991) were obtained for all compounds. The optimised method was applied to 30 samples: 18 raw propolis and 12 ethanol tinctures. Acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid were detectable in seven samples but were still below the LOQ. This study is the first to report the determination of several neonicotinoid residues in propolis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Fent K, Schmid M, Hettich T, Schmid S. The neonicotinoid thiacloprid causes transcriptional alteration of genes associated with mitochondria at environmental concentrations in honey bees. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115297. [PMID: 32823041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiacloprid is widely used in agriculture and may affect pollinators. However, its molecular effects are poorly known. Here, we report the global gene expression profile in the brain of honey bee foragers assessed by RNA-sequencing. Bees were exposed for 72 h to nominal concentrations of 25 and 250 ng/bee via sucrose solution. Determined residue concentrations by LC-MS/MS were 0.59 and 5.49 ng/bee, respectively. Thiacloprid exposure led to 5 and 71 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, as well as metabolism enzymes and transporters were altered at 5.49 ng/bee. Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that mitochondrial ribosome proteins, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, pyrimidine, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and additional metabolic pathways were altered. Among 21 genes assessed by RT-qPCR, the transcript of farnesol dehydrogenase involved in juvenile hormone III synthesis was significantly down-regulated. Transcripts of cyp6a14-like and apolipophorin-II like protein, cytochrome oxidase (cox17) and the non-coding RNA (LOC102654625) were significantly up-regulated at 5.49 ng/bee. Our findings indicate that thiacloprid causes transcriptional changes of genes prominently associated with mitochondria, particularly oxidative phosphorylation. This highlight potential effects of this neonicotinoid on energy metabolism, which may compromise bee foraging and thriving populations at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Fent
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Schmid
- Genexa AG, Dienerstrasse 7, CH-8004, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Timm Hettich
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Simon Schmid
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shi J, Zhang R, Pei Y, Liao C, Wu X. Exposure to acetamiprid influences the development and survival ability of worker bees (Apis mellifera L.) from larvae to adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115345. [PMID: 32814180 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In most cases, honey bees experience pesticide pollution in a long-term period through direct or indirect exposure, such as the development process from larvae to the pre-harvest stage. At present, little is known about how honey bees respond to pesticide stresses during the continuous development period. This study aims to examine effects of long-term acetamiprid exposure on the development and survival of honey bees, and further present the expression profile in larvae, 1-day-old, and 7-day-old adult worker bees that related to immune, detoxification, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and memory. Honey bees from 2-day-old larvae to 14-day-old adults except the pupal stage were continuously fed with different acetamiprid solutions (0, 5, and 25 mg/L). We found that acetamiprid over 5 mg/L disturbed the development involving birth weight and emergence rate of newly emerged bees, and reduced the proportion of capped cells of larvae at 25 mg/L; gene expression related to immune and detoxification of worker bees exposed to acetamiprid was roughly activated, returned and then inhibited from larval to emerged and to the late adult stage, respectively. Moreover, lifespans of bees treated with acetamiprid at 25 mg/L were significantly reduced. The present study reflects the potential risk for honey bees continuously exposed to acetamiprid in the development stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Shi
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Yalin Pei
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liao
- Guangyuan City Animal Husbandry and Seed Management Station, Guangyuan, 628017, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
González T, Dominguez JR, Correia S. Neonicotinoids removal by associated binary, tertiary and quaternary advanced oxidation processes: Synergistic effects, kinetics and mineralization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110156. [PMID: 32148258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of four representative neonicotinoids, namely Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid and Thiacloprid, was carried out by the sequential association of different advanced oxidation processes, including Ozonation, Electro-chemical Oxidation, Ultrasound, Ultraviolet radiation, and their different possible associations. There are no published papers in the literature on the removal of this type of insecticides through these associated oxidation processes. Single oxidation processes did not achieve total pollutants removal in less than 3 h (only UV radiation treatment obtain a total removal of Thiamethoxan in 150 min, but with mineralization below 15% TOC). For double sequential processes, Electro-oxidation-Ozone treatment obtains a total removal of Imidacloprid in 120 min and an increase of mineralization to 50% TOC. Three or four sequential processes are recommended to improve degradation and mineralization rates in a significant way, Electro-oxidation-Ozone-UV treatment obtains a total removal of Thiamethoxan in 80 min with mineralization over 75% TOC. These results confirm important synergistic effects which were quantified. The global trend indicates that Thiamethoxam is the most oxidizable neonicotinoid, whereas Acetamiprid is the most recalcitrant compound. The degradation rate of each neonicotinoid followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the different oxidation pathways were also quantified from a kinetic point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Area of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Joaquin R Dominguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Area of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Sergio Correia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, Area of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Smith DB, Arce AN, Ramos Rodrigues A, Bischoff PH, Burris D, Ahmed F, Gill RJ. Insecticide exposure during brood or early-adult development reduces brain growth and impairs adult learning in bumblebees. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192442. [PMID: 32126960 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For social bees, an understudied step in evaluating pesticide risk is how contaminated food entering colonies affects residing offspring development and maturation. For instance, neurotoxic insecticide compounds in food could affect central nervous system development predisposing individuals to become poorer task performers later-in-life. Studying bumblebee colonies provisioned with neonicotinoid spiked nectar substitute, we measured brain volume and learning behaviour of 3 or 12-day old adults that had experienced in-hive exposure during brood and/or early-stage adult development. Micro-computed tomography scanning and segmentation of multiple brain neuropils showed exposure during either of the developmental stages caused reduced mushroom body calycal growth relative to unexposed workers. Associated with this was a lower probability of responding to a sucrose reward and lower learning performance in an olfactory conditioning test. While calycal volume of control workers positively correlated with learning score, this relationship was absent for exposed workers indicating neuropil functional impairment. Comparison of 3- and 12-day adults exposed during brood development showed a similar degree of reduced calycal volume and impaired behaviour highlighting lasting and irrecoverable effects from exposure despite no adult exposure. Our findings help explain how the onset of pesticide exposure to whole colonies can lead to lag-effects on growth and resultant dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Andres N Arce
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Ana Ramos Rodrigues
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Philipp H Bischoff
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Daisy Burris
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Farah Ahmed
- Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Richard J Gill
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Feldhaar H, Otti O. Pollutants and Their Interaction with Diseases of Social Hymenoptera. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030153. [PMID: 32121502 PMCID: PMC7142568 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Many insect species, including social insects, are currently declining in abundance and diversity. Pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, or airborne fine particulate matter from agricultural and industrial sources are among the factors driving this decline. While these pollutants can have direct detrimental effects, they can also result in negative interactive effects when social insects are simultaneously exposed to multiple stressors. For example, sublethal effects of pollutants can increase the disease susceptibility of social insects, and thereby jeopardize their survival. Here we review how pesticides, heavy metals, or airborne fine particulate matter interact with social insect physiology and especially the insects’ immune system. We then give an overview of the current knowledge of the interactive effects of these pollutants with pathogens or parasites. While the effects of pesticide exposure on social insects and their interactions with pathogens have been relatively well studied, the effects of other pollutants, such as heavy metals in soil or fine particulate matter from combustion, vehicular transport, agriculture, and coal mining are still largely unknown. We therefore provide an overview of urgently needed knowledge in order to mitigate the decline of social insects.
Collapse
|
43
|
Trace-level determination of two neonicotinoid insecticide residues in honey bee royal jelly using ultra-sound assisted salting-out liquid liquid extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
44
|
Wen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y, Zhao X, Gao B, Zhang Z, Li L, He Z, Wang M. Novel Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Enantioseparation of Tefluthrin via a Box-Behnken Design and Its Stereoselective Degradation in Soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11591-11597. [PMID: 31557017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple and eco-friendly dispersive solid-phase extraction method coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of the chiral pesticide tefluthrin in food and environmental samples. The response surface methodology was applied to optimize separation conditions. The elution order of tefluthrin enantiomers was Z-cis-(1S,3S)-(-)-tefluthrin and Z-cis-(1R,3R)-(+)-tefluthrin on a Lux Cellulose-1 chiral column was identified via a polarimeter and vibrating circular dichroism. The average recoveries in five matrices ranged from 76.9 to 107.6%, with intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 15.6% and interday RSDs less than 12.5% for two enantiomers. The enantioselective degradation was investigated via laboratory incubation experiments. Slightly enantioselective degradation was observed under aerobic conditions; (1S,3S)-tefluthrin degraded preferentially with the enantiomer fraction value of 0.57 at 120 days of incubation. No remarkable enantioselective degradation was observed under anaerobic and sterile conditions. It was the first time that pyrethroid pesticides were determined at the enantiomer levels via UPLC-MS/MS. This novel method was successfully applied for the enantioselective analysis of tefluthrin enantiomers in authentic samples, indicating its efficacy in investigating the environmental stereochemistry of tefluthrin in the food web and environment. It is of crucial importance to improve risk assessment and regulation of chiral pesticides in an agricultural system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Zhao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Calatayud-Vernich P, Calatayud F, Simó E, Pascual Aguilar JA, Picó Y. A two-year monitoring of pesticide hazard in-hive: High honey bee mortality rates during insecticide poisoning episodes in apiaries located near agricultural settings. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:471-480. [PMID: 31163323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in beebread, live and dead honey bees, together with honey bee death rate were monitored from June 2016 to June 2018 in three apiaries, located near agricultural settings and in wildlands. Dead honey bees were only collected and analyzed when significant mortality episodes occurred and pesticide content in beeswax of each experimental apiary was evaluated at the beginning of the study. Samples were extracted by a modified QuEChERS procedure and screened for pesticides residues by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pesticide hazard in the samples was evaluated through the hazard quotient approach (HQ). Beebread was widely contaminated with coumaphos and amitraz degradate 2, 4-dimethylphenylformamide (DMF), miticides detected in 94 and 97% of samples respectively. However, insecticides sprayed during citrus bloom like chlorpyrifos (up to 167 ng g -1) and dimethoate (up to 34 ng g -1) were the main responsible of the relevant pesticide hazard in this matrix. Pesticide levels in live bees were mostly residual, and pesticide hazard was low. Beeswax of the apiaries, contaminated by miticides, revealed a low pesticide hazard to honey bee colonies. Acute mortality episodes occurred only in the two apiaries located near agricultural settings. Dead bees collected during these episodes revealed high levels (up to 2700 ng g -1) of chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, omethoate and imidacloprid. HQ calculated in dead bees exceeded up to 37 times the threshold value considered as elevated hazard to honey bee health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Calatayud-Vernich
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Moncada-Naquera Road Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain.
| | - Fernando Calatayud
- Agrupación de Defensa Sanitaria Apícola (apiADS), Montroi-Turís Road, 46193, Montroi, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Simó
- Agrupación de Defensa Sanitaria Apícola (apiADS), Montroi-Turís Road, 46193, Montroi, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Pascual Aguilar
- Centro para el Conocimiento del Paisaje, Calle Rocha del Cine 41, 12415, Matet, Castellón, Spain; Instituto Imdea Agua. Unidad de Geomática. IMDEA Water Institute, Avda. Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Moncada-Naquera Road Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mrzlikar M, Heath D, Heath E, Markelj J, Kandolf Borovšak A, Prosen H. Investigation of neonicotinoid pesticides in Slovenian honey by LC-MS/MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
47
|
Beyer M, Lenouvel A, Guignard C, Eickermann M, Clermont A, Kraus F, Hoffmann L. Pesticide residue profiles in bee bread and pollen samples and the survival of honeybee colonies-a case study from Luxembourg. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32163-32177. [PMID: 30220063 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues (112 compounds) were quantified by GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS in 85 bee bread samples and 154 pollen samples obtained from five apiaries each with three or four colonies (genotype Buckfast) in Luxembourg over the period 2011-2013. Thiacloprid, chlorfenvinphos, tebuconazole, and methiocarb were found most frequently in bee bread while thiacloprid, permethrin-cis, and permethrin-trans were detected most frequently in the pollen samples. Three neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) that were restricted by an EU regulation in 2013 after our sampling campaign was finished were each found in less than 8% of the pollen or bee bread samples. The maximum concentrations of thiacloprid, metazachlor, and methiocarb measured in the pollen collected by a group of honeybee colonies (n = 5) without survivors within the 3-year period of observation were 86.20 ± 10.74 ng/g, 2.80 ± 1.26 ng/g, and below the limit of quantification, respectively. The maximum concentrations of the same compounds measured in the pollen collected by a group of honeybee colonies with significantly (P = 0.02) more survivors (7 out of 9) than expected, if the survivors had been distributed randomly among the groups of colonies, were 11.98 ± 2.28 ng/g, 0.44 ± 0.29 ng/g, and 8.49 ± 4.13 ng/g, respectively. No honeybee colony that gathered pollen containing more than 23 ng/g thiacloprid survived the 3-year project period. There was no statistically significant association between pesticide residues in the bee bread and the survival of the colonies. Actions already taken or planned and potential further actions to protect bees from exposure to pesticides are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beyer
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Audrey Lenouvel
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Cédric Guignard
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Eickermann
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antoine Clermont
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- IRSTEA Montpellier, 361 Rue Jean François Breton, 34196, Montpellier, France
| | - François Kraus
- Administration des Services Techniques de l'Agriculture, B.P.1904, 1019, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lucien Hoffmann
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fast determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in beeswax by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using an enhanced matrix removal-lipid sorbent for clean-up. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
49
|
Calatayud-Vernich P, Calatayud F, Simó E, Picó Y. Pesticide residues in honey bees, pollen and beeswax: Assessing beehive exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:106-114. [PMID: 29803024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the distribution of pesticide residues in beekeeping matrices, samples of live in-hive worker honey bees (Apis mellifera), fresh stored pollen and beeswax were collected during 2016-2017 from 45 apiaries located in different landscape contexts in Spain. A total of 133 samples were screened for 63 pesticides or their degradation products to estimate the pesticide exposure to honey bee health through the calculation of the hazard quotient (HQ). The influence of the surrounding environment on the content of pesticides in pollen was assessed by comparing the concentrations of pesticide residues found in apiaries from intensive farming landscapes to those found in apiaries located in mountainous, grassland and urban contexts. Beeswax revealed high levels of miticides used in beekeeping such as coumaphos, chlorfenvinphos, fluvalinate and acrinathrin, which were detected in more than 75% of samples. Pollen was predominantly contaminated by miticides but also by insecticides used in agriculture such as chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid, which showed concentrations significantly higher in apiaries located in intensive farming contexts. Pesticides residues were less frequent and at lower concentrations in live honey bees. Beeswax showed the highest average hazard scores (HQ > 5000) to honey bees. Pollen samples contained the largest number of pesticide residues and relevant hazard (HQ > 50) to bees. Acrinathrin was the most important contributor to the hazard quotient scores in wax and pollen samples. The contributions of the pesticides dimethoate and chlorpyrifos to HQ were considered relevant in samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Calatayud-Vernich
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Fernando Calatayud
- Agrupación de Defensa Sanitaria Apícola (apiADS), Ctra. Montroi-Turís, 46193 Montroi, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Simó
- Agrupación de Defensa Sanitaria Apícola (apiADS), Ctra. Montroi-Turís, 46193 Montroi, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Evaluation of Highly Detectable Pesticides Sprayed in Brassica napus L.: Degradation Behavior and Risk Assessment for Honeybees. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102482. [PMID: 30262759 PMCID: PMC6222740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are major pollinators of agricultural crops and many other plants in natural ecosystems alike. In recent years, managed honeybee colonies have decreased rapidly. The application of pesticides is hypothesized to be an important route leading to colony loss. Herein, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was used to determine eight highly detectable pesticides (carbendazim, prochloraz, pyrimethanil, fenpropathrin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid) in rape flowers. A field experiment was conducted at the recommended dose to evaluate the contact exposure risk posed to honeybees for 0–14 days after treatment. The initial residue deposits of neonicotinoids and fungicides among these compounds were 0.4–1.3 mg/kg and 11.7–32.3 mg/kg, respectively, and 6.4 mg/kg for fenpropathrin and 4.2 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos. The risk was quantified using the flower hazard quotient (FHQ) value. According to the data, we considered imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, fenpropathrin, and prochloraz to pose an unacceptable risk to honeybees after spraying in fields, while fungicides (carbendazim and pyrimethanil) and acetamiprid posed moderate or acceptable risks to honeybees. Therefore, acetamiprid can be used instead of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam to protect rape from some insects in agriculture, and the application of prochloraz should be reduced.
Collapse
|