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Sumranwanich T, Amosu E, Chankhamhaengdecha S, Phetruen T, Loktumraks W, Ounjai P, Harnvoravongchai P. Evaluating lignin degradation under limited oxygen conditions by bacterial isolates from forest soil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13350. [PMID: 38858437 PMCID: PMC11164938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin, a heterogeneous aromatic polymer present in plant biomass, is intertwined with cellulose and hemicellulose fibrils, posing challenges to its effective utilization due to its phenolic nature and recalcitrance to degradation. In this study, three lignin utilizing bacteria, Klebsiella sp. LEA1, Pseudomonas sp. LEA2, and Burkholderia sp. LEA3, were isolated from deciduous forest soil samples in Nan province, Thailand. These isolates were capable of growing on alkali lignin and various lignin-associated monomers at 40 °C under microaerobic conditions. The presence of Cu2+ significantly enhanced guaiacol oxidation in Klebsiella sp. LEA1 and Pseudomonas sp. LEA2. Lignin-related monomers and intermediates such as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-vinyl guaiacol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, catechol, and succinic acid were detected mostly during the late stage of incubation of Klebsiella sp. LEA1 and Pseudomonas sp. LEA2 in lignin minimal salt media via GC-MS analysis. The intermediates identified from Klebsiella sp. LEA1 degradation suggested that conversion and utilization occurred through the β-ketoadipate (ortho-cleavage) pathway under limited oxygen conditions. The ability of these bacteria to thrive on alkaline lignin and produce various lignin-related intermediates under limited oxygen conditions suggests their potential utility in oxygen-limited processes and the production of renewable chemicals from plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitinun Sumranwanich
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Esther Amosu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Surang Chankhamhaengdecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Phetruen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wethaka Loktumraks
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Phurt Harnvoravongchai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Gu J, Qiu Q, Yu Y, Sun X, Tian K, Chang M, Wang Y, Zhang F, Huo H. Bacterial transformation of lignin: key enzymes and high-value products. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:2. [PMID: 38172947 PMCID: PMC10765951 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, a natural organic polymer that is recyclable and inexpensive, serves as one of the most abundant green resources in nature. With the increasing consumption of fossil fuels and the deterioration of the environment, the development and utilization of renewable resources have attracted considerable attention. Therefore, the effective and comprehensive utilization of lignin has become an important global research topic, with the goal of environmental protection and economic development. This review focused on the bacteria and enzymes that can bio-transform lignin, focusing on the main ways that lignin can be utilized to produce high-value chemical products. Bacillus has demonstrated the most prominent effect on lignin degradation, with 89% lignin degradation by Bacillus cereus. Furthermore, several bacterial enzymes were discussed that can act on lignin, with the main enzymes consisting of dye-decolorizing peroxidases and laccase. Finally, low-molecular-weight lignin compounds were converted into value-added products through specific reaction pathways. These bacteria and enzymes may become potential candidates for efficient lignin degradation in the future, providing a method for lignin high-value conversion. In addition, the bacterial metabolic pathways convert lignin-derived aromatics into intermediates through the "biological funnel", achieving the biosynthesis of value-added products. The utilization of this "biological funnel" of aromatic compounds may address the heterogeneous issue of the aromatic products obtained via lignin depolymerization. This may also simplify the separation of downstream target products and provide avenues for the commercial application of lignin conversion into high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Gu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Qing Qiu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xuejian Sun
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Kejian Tian
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Menghan Chang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hongliang Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555 Jingyue Avenue, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130117, China.
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3
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Rasool T, Ansar M, Ali I, Ali MI, Jamal A, Badshah M, Huang Z, Urynowicz M. Performance evaluation of gravity-driven bioreactor (GDB) for simultaneous treatment of black liquor and domestic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7043-7057. [PMID: 38157168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A lab-scale gravity-driven bioreactor (GDB) was designed and constructed to evaluate the simultaneous treatment of black liquor and domestic wastewater. The GDB was operated with a mixture of black liquor and domestic wastewater at a ratio of 1:1 and maintained at an average organic loading rate of 1235 mg-COD/L-Day. The wastewater was fed to the primary sedimentation tank at a flow rate of approximately 12 mL/min and subsequently passed through serially connected anaerobic and aerobic chambers with the same flow rate. Each wastewater sample was allowed to undergo a hydraulic retention time of approximately 72 h, ensuring effective treatment. The GDB was actively operated for nine samples (W1-W9) at a weekly frequency. The entire process was conducted within the workstation's ambient temperature range of 30-35 °C to sustain microbial activity and treatment efficiency in an open environment. The performance of the GDB was evaluated in terms of various pollution indicators, including COD, BOD5, lignin removal, TDS, TSS, EC, PO43-, SO42-, microbial load (CFU/mL and MPN index), total nitrogen, and color reduction. The results showed that the GDB achieved promising treatment efficiencies: 84.5% for COD, 71.80% for BOD5, 82.8% for TDS, 100% for TSS, 74.71% for E.C., 67.25% for PO43-, 81% for SO42-, and 69.36% for TN. Additionally, about 80% reduction in lignin content and 57% color reduction were observed after the treatment. The GDB substantially reduced microbial load in CFU/mL (77.98%) and MPN (90%). This study marks the first to report on wastewater treatment from two different sources (black liquor and domestic wastewater) using a simple GDB design. Furthermore, it highlights the GDB's potential as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient solution for wastewater treatment, with no need for supplementary chemical or physical agents and zero operational costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Rasool
- Department of Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ali
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asif Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zaixing Huang
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Wyoming University, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Michael Urynowicz
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Wyoming University, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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Rasool T, Ishtiaq Ali M, Asif Jamal, Huang Z, Urynowicz M. Performance evaluation and microbial profiling of integrated vertical flow constructed wetland (IVFCW) for simultaneous treatment of domestic and pulp and paper industry waste water. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103850. [PMID: 38020226 PMCID: PMC10663831 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the potential of an integrated vertical flow-constructed wetland (IVFCW) for simultaneously treating black liquor and domestic wastewater. IVFCW was operated and monitored for 12 samples with the frequency of one sample per week with the following specifications viz,4 L of wastewater, a blend of 1:1 of pulp and paper industry effluent (black liquor BL), and domestic wastewater, was fed daily in a continuous mode with organic loading rate (OLR) of 1230 mg COD/L-Day, at a temperature range of 40-45℃ (natural temperature of the workstation). Valves controlled each chamber's hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 days and flow rate of 10 mL/minute. The IVFCW showed remarkable efficiency in removing various pollutants, including total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS), by 100 % and 83 %, respectively, and organic contaminants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) by 80 % and 81 %, respectively. Moreover, the IVFCW efficiently reduced nutrients such as sulfates (SO₄-2), phosphates (PO₄-3), and total nitrogen by about 81 %, 63 %, and 61 %, respectively. The treatment also led to the reduction of lignin content by 83 %. Microbiological analysis revealed a significant reduction in fecal coliforms, and microbial profiling of Typha latifolia roots confirmed the presence of bacteria involved in lignin degradation. Seed germination and seedling survival were found to be negativelyaffected by untreated wastewater in a phytotoxicity study, suggesting that the wastewater's toxic chemicals could be harmful to plant life.This study highlights the effectiveness of IVFCW as a sustainable, economically viable, and resilient wastewater treatment system for mitigating environmental concerns related to the release of untreated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Rasool
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asif Jamal
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zaixing Huang
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Wyoming University, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Michael Urynowicz
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Wyoming University, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Ali NS, Huang F, Qin W, Yang TC. A high throughput screening process and quick isolation of novel lignin-degrading microbes from large number of natural biomasses. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 39:e00809. [PMID: 37583477 PMCID: PMC10423689 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
High throughput screening approaches can significantly speed up the identification of novel enzymes from natural microbial consortiums. A two-step high throughput screening process was proposed and explored to screen lignin-degrading microorganisms. By employing this modified culture enrichment method and screening based on enzyme activity, a total of 82 bacterial and 46 fungal strains were isolated from fifty decayed wood samples (100 liquid cultures) collected from the banks of the Ottawa River in Canada. Among them, ten bacterial and five fungal strains were selected and identified based on their high laccase activities by 16S rDNA and ITS gene sequencing, respectively. The study identified bacterial strains from various genera including Serratia, Enterobacter, Raoultella, and Bacillus, along with fungal counterparts including Mucor, Trametes, Conifera and Aspergillus. Moreover, Aspergillus sydowii (AORF21), Mucor sp. (AORF43), Trametes versicolor (AORF3) and Enterobacter sp. (AORB55) exhibited xylanase and β- glucanase activities in addition to laccase production. The proposed approach allowed for the quick identification of promising consortia and enhanced the chance of isolating desired strains based on desired enzyme activities. This method is not limited to lignocellulose and lignin-degrading microorganisms but can be applied to identify novel microbial strains and enzymes from different natural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sufdar Ali
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Huang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Trent Chunzhong Yang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Ley Y, Cheng XY, Ying ZY, Zhou NY, Xu Y. Characterization of Two Marine Lignin-Degrading Consortia and the Potential Microbial Lignin Degradation Network in Nearshore Regions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0442422. [PMID: 37042774 PMCID: PMC10269927 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04424-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial organic carbon such as lignin is an important component of the global marine carbon. However, the structural complexity and recalcitrant nature of lignin are deemed challenging for biodegradation. It has been speculated that bacteria play important roles in lignin degradation in the marine system. However, the extent of the involvement of marine microorganisms in lignin degradation and their contribution to the oceanic carbon cycle remains elusive. In this study, two bacterial consortia capable of degrading alkali lignin (a model compound of lignin), designated LIG-B and LIG-S, were enriched from the nearshore sediments of the East and South China Seas. Consortia LIG-B and LIG-S mainly comprised of the Proteobacteria phylum with Nitratireductor sp. (71.6%) and Halomonas sp. (91.6%), respectively. Lignin degradation was found more favorable in consortium LIG-B (max 57%) than in LIG-S (max 18%). Ligninolytic enzymes laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP) capable of decomposing lignin into smaller fragments were all active in both consortia. The newly emerged low-molecular-weight aromatics, organic acids, and other lignin-derived compounds in biotreated alkali lignin also evidently showed the depolymerization of lignin by both consortia. The lignin degradation pathways reconstructed from consortium LIG-S were found to be more comprehensive compared to consortium LIG-B. It was further revealed that catabolic genes, involved in the degradation of lignin and its derivatives through multiple pathways via protocatechuate and catechol, are present not only in lignin-degrading consortia LIG-B and LIG-S but also in 783 publicly available metagenomic-assembled genomes from nine nearshore regions. IMPORTANCE Numerous terrigenous lignin-containing plant materials are constantly discharged from rivers and estuaries into the marine system. However, only low levels of terrigenous organic carbon, especially lignin, are detected in the global marine system due to the abundance of active heterotrophic microorganisms driving the carbon cycle. Simultaneously, the lack of knowledge on lignin biodegradation has hindered our understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle. Moreover, bacteria have been speculated to play important roles in the marine lignin biodegradation. Here, we enriched two bacterial consortia from nearshore sediments capable of utilizing alkali lignin for cell growth while degrading it into smaller molecules and reconstructed the lignin degradation network. In particular, this study highlights that marine microorganisms in nearshore regions mostly undergo similar pathways using protocatechuate and catechol as ring-cleavage substrates to drive lignin degradation as part of the oceanic carbon cycle, regardless of whether they are in sediments or water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Ley
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yue Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Jofré-Fernández I, Matus-Baeza F, Merino-Guzmán C. White-rot fungi scavenge reactive oxygen species, which drives pH-dependent exo-enzymatic mechanisms and promotes CO 2 efflux. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1148750. [PMID: 37362943 PMCID: PMC10285405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition mechanisms in rainforest ecosystems are governed by biotic and abiotic procedures which depend on available oxygen in the soil. White-rot fungi (WRF) play an important role in the primary decomposition of SOM via enzymatic mechanisms (biotic mechanism), which are linked to abiotic oxidative reactions (e.g., Fenton reaction), where both processes are dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and soil pH variation, which has yet been studied. In humid temperate forest soils, we hypothesize that soil pH is a determining factor that regulates the production and consumption of ROS during biotic and abiotic SOM decomposition. Three soils from different parent materials and WRF inoculum were considered for this study: granitic (Nahuelbuta, Schizophyllum commune), metamorphic (Alerce Costero, Stereum hirsutum), and volcanic-allophanic (Puyehue, Galerina patagonica). CO2 fluxes, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and dye-decolorizing peroxidase levels were all determined. Likewise, the production of superoxide anion (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were assessed in soils microcosms after 36 days of anaerobic incubation with WRF inoculum and induced Fenton reaction under pH variations ranging from 2.5 to 5.1. ROS significantly increased biotic and abiotic CO2 emissions in all tested soils, according to the findings. The highest values (217.45 mg C kg-1) were found during the anaerobic incubation of sterilized and inoculated soils with WRF at a natural pH of 4.5. At pH 4.0, the lowest levels of C mineralization (82 mg C kg-1) were found in Nahuelbuta soil. Enzyme activities showed different trends as pH changed. The Fenton reaction consumed more H2O2 between pH 3 and 4, but less between pH 4.5 and 2.5. The mechanisms that oxidized SOM are extremely sensitive to variations in soil pH and the stability of oxidant radical and non-radical compounds, according to our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Jofré-Fernández
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratory of Geomicrobiology, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Network for Extreme Environmental Research (NEXER), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisco Matus-Baeza
- Laboratory of Conservation and Dynamics of Volcanic Soils, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Network for Extreme Environmental Research (NEXER), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Merino-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Geomicrobiology, Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Singh AK, Iqbal HMN, Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Fern'andez-Lucas J, Schmidt JE, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Structural insights, biocatalytic characteristics, and application prospects of lignin-modifying enzymes for sustainable biotechnology-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124968. [PMID: 37217044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin modifying enzymes (LMEs) have gained widespread recognition in depolymerization of lignin polymers by oxidative cleavage. LMEs are a robust class of biocatalysts that include lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), versatile peroxidase (VP), laccase (LAC), and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP). Members of the LMEs family act on phenolic, non-phenolic substrates and have been widely researched for valorization of lignin, oxidative cleavage of xenobiotics and phenolics. LMEs implementation in the biotechnological and industrial sectors has sparked significant attention, although its potential future applications remain underexploited. To understand the mechanism of LMEs in sustainable pollution mitigation, several studies have been undertaken to assess the feasibility of LMEs in correlating to diverse pollutants for binding and intermolecular interactions at the molecular level. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the underlying mechanism. In this review we presented the key structural and functional features of LMEs, including the computational aspects, as well as the advanced applications in biotechnology and industrial research. Furthermore, concluding remarks and a look ahead, the use of LMEs coupled with computational frameworks, built upon artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has been emphasized as a recent milestone in environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Singh
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Jesús Fern'andez-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanizaci'on El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od'on, Spain; Grupo de Investigaci'on en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jens Ejbye Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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Lan HN, Liu RY, Liu ZH, Li X, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Biological valorization of lignin to flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108107. [PMID: 36758651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most affluent natural aromatic biopolymer on the earth, which is the promising renewable source for valuable products to promote the sustainability of biorefinery. Flavonoids are a class of plant polyphenolic secondary metabolites containing the benzene ring structure with various biological activities, which are largely applied in health food, pharmaceutical, and medical fields. Due to the aromatic similarity, microbial conversion of lignin derived aromatics to flavonoids could facilitate flavonoid biosynthesis and promote the lignin valorization. This review thereby prospects a novel valorization route of lignin to high-value natural products and demonstrates the potential advantages of microbial bioconversion of lignin to flavonoids. The biodegradation of lignin polymers is summarized to identify aromatic monomers as momentous precursors for flavonoid synthesis. The biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids in both plants and strains are introduced and compared. After that, the key branch points and important intermediates are clearly discussed in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. Moreover, the most significant enzyme reactions including Claisen condensation, cyclization and hydroxylation are demonstrated in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids. Finally, current challenges and potential future strategies are also discussed for transforming lignin into various flavonoids. The holistic microbial conversion routes of lignin to flavonoids could make a sustainable production of flavonoids and improve the feasibility of lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Na Lan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ruo-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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10
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Jain D, Navariya JK, Bhojiya AA, Singh A, Mohanty SR, Upadhyay SK. Bioprospecting of novel ligninolytic bacteria for effective bioremediation of agricultural by-product and synthetic pollutant dyes. Microbiol Res 2023; 270:127330. [PMID: 36848699 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a significant renewable carbon source that needs to be exploited to manufacture bio-ethanol and chemical feedstocks. Lignin mimicking methylene blue (MB) dye is widely used in industries and causes water pollution. Using kraft lignin, methylene blue, and guaiacol as a full carbon source, 27 lignin-degrading bacteria (LDB) were isolated from 12 distinct traditional organic manures for the current investigation. The ligninolytic potential of 27 lignin-degrading bacteria was assessed by qualitative and quantitative assay. In a qualitative plate assay, the LDB-25 strain produced the largest zone, measuring 6.32 ± 0.297, on MSM-L-kraft lignin plates, while the LDB-23 strain produced the largest zone, measuring 3.44 ± 0.413, on MSM-L-Guaiacol plates. The LDB-9 strain in MSM-L-kraft lignin broth was able to decolorize lignin to a maximum of 38.327 ± 0.011% in a quantitative lignin degradation assay, which was later verified by FTIR assay. In contrast, LDB-20 produced the highest decolorization (49.633 ± 0.017%) in the MSM-L-Methylene blue broth. The highest manganese peroxidase enzyme activity, measuring 6322.314 ± 0.034 U L-1, was found in the LDB-25 strain, while the highest laccase enzyme activity, measuring 1.5105 ± 0.017 U L-1, was found in the LDB-23 strain. A preliminary examination into the biodegradation of rice straw using effective LDB was carried out, and efficient lignin-degrading bacteria were identified using 16SrDNA sequencing. SEM investigations also supported lignin degradation. LDB-8 strain had the highest percentage of lignin degradation (52.86%), followed by LDB-25, LDB-20, and LDB-9. These lignin-degrading bacteria have the ability to significantly reduce lignin and lignin-analog environmental contaminants, therefore they can be further researched for effective bio-waste management mediated breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Jain
- All India Network Project on Soil Biodiversity and Biofertilizers, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313001, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar Navariya
- All India Network Project on Soil Biodiversity and Biofertilizers, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Ali Asger Bhojiya
- All India Network Project on Soil Biodiversity and Biofertilizers, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313001, India; Faculty of Science, US Ostwal Science, Arts and Commerce College, Mangalwad, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan 302024, India
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India
| | - Santosh Ranjan Mohanty
- All India Network Project on Soil Biodiversity-Biofertilizers, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, India.
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11
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Rodriguez-Yupanqui M, De La Cruz-Noriega M, Quiñones C, Otiniano NM, Quezada-Alvarez MA, Rojas-Villacorta W, Vergara-Medina GA, León-Vargas FR, Solís-Muñoz H, Rojas-Flores S. Lignin-Degrading Bacteria in Paper Mill Sludge. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1168. [PMID: 37317142 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effluents generated in the paper industry, such as black liquor, have a high content of lignin and other toxic components; however, they represent a source of lignin-degrading bacteria with biotechnological potential. Therefore, the present study aimed to isolate and identify lignin-degrading bacteria species in paper mill sludge. A primary isolation was carried out from samples of sludge present in environments around a paper company located in the province of Ascope (Peru). Bacteria selection was made by the degradation of Lignin Kraft as the only carbon source in a solid medium. Finally, the laccase activity (Um-L-1) of each selected bacteria was determined by oxidation of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-etilbencenotiazolina-6-sulfonate) (ABTS). Bacterial species with laccase activity were identified by molecular biology techniques. Seven species of bacteria with laccase activity and the ability to degrade lignin were identified. The bacteria Agrobacterium tumefasciens (2), Klebsiella grimontii (1), and Beijeinckia fluminensis (1) were reported for first time. K. grimowntii and B. fluminensis presented the highest laccase activity, with values of 0.319 ± 0.005 UmL-1 and 0.329 ± 0.004 UmL-1, respectively. In conclusion, paper mill sludge may represent a source of lignin-degrading bacteria with laccase activity, and they could have potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Rodriguez-Yupanqui
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | | | - Claudio Quiñones
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología e Ingeniería Genética, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru
| | - Nélida Milly Otiniano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru
| | | | | | - Gino A Vergara-Medina
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru
| | - Frank R León-Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos 16002, Peru
| | - Haniel Solís-Muñoz
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | - Segundo Rojas-Flores
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Autónoma del Perú, Lima 15842, Peru
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12
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Ambika, Kumar V, Chandra D, Thakur V, Sharma U, Singh D. Depolymerization of lignin using laccase from Bacillus sp. PCH94 for production of valuable chemicals: A sustainable approach for lignin valorization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123601. [PMID: 36775222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature, and its depolymerization offers excellent opportunities to develop renewable aromatic chemicals. In the present study, Bacillus sp. PCH94 was investigated for laccase production and lignin depolymerization. Maximum production of laccase enzyme was achieved within 6.0 h at 50 °C on a natural lignocellulosic substrate. Furthermore, Bacillus sp. PCH94 was used to bioconvert lignin dimeric and polymeric substrates, validated using FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C), and LCMS. Genome mining of Bacillus sp. PCH94 revealed laccase gene (lacBl) as multicopper oxidase (spore coat CotA). Further, lacBl from Bacillus sp. PCH94 was cloned, expressed, and kinetically characterized. LacBl enzyme showed activity for substrates ABTS (40.64 IU/mg), guaiacol (5.43 IU/mg), and DMP (11.93 IU/mg). The LacBl was active in higher temperatures (10 to 100 °C) and showed a half-life of 36 and 27 h at 50 and 60 °C, respectively. The purified LacBl was able to depolymerize kraft lignin into valuable products (ferulic acid and acetovanillone), which have applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Overall, the current study demonstrated the role of bacterial laccase in the depolymerization of lignin and opened a promising prospect for the green production of valuable compounds from recalcitrant lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India.
| | - Devesh Chandra
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Vikas Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh- 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
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13
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Ding Z, Kumar Awasthi S, Kumar M, Kumar V, Mikhailovich Dregulo A, Yadav V, Sindhu R, Binod P, Sarsaiya S, Pandey A, Taherzadeh MJ, Rathour R, Singh L, Zhang Z, Lian Z, Kumar Awasthi M. A thermo-chemical and biotechnological approaches for bamboo waste recycling and conversion to value added product: Towards a zero-waste biorefinery and circular bioeconomy. FUEL 2023; 333:126469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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14
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He J, Wang Z, Zhen F, Wang Z, Song Z, Chen J, Hrynsphan D, Tatsiana S. Mechanisms of flame retardant tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate biodegradation via novel bacterial strain Ochrobactrum tritici WX3-8. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137071. [PMID: 36328323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) is a common organophosphorus flame retardant analog with considerable ecological toxicity. Here, novel strain Ochrobactrum tritici WX3-8 capable of degrading TEHP as the sole C source was isolated. Our results show that the strain's TEHP degradation efficiency reached 75% after 104 h under optimal conditions, i.e., 30 °C, pH 7, bacterial inoculum 3%, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Fengzhen Zhen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Zhaoyun Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhongdi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Dzmitry Hrynsphan
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - Savitskaya Tatsiana
- Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
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15
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Li J, Dong C, Sen B, Lai Q, Gong L, Wang G, Shao Z. Lignin-oxidizing and xylan-hydrolyzing Vibrio involved in the mineralization of plant detritus in the continental slope. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158714. [PMID: 36113801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of terrigenous organic matter (TOM) is constantly transported to the deep sea. However, relatively little is known about the microbial mineralization of TOM therein. Our recent in situ enrichment experiments revealed that Vibrio is especially enriched as one of the predominant taxa in the cultures amended with natural plant materials in the deep sea. Yet their role in the mineralization of plant-derived TOM in the deep sea remains largely unknown. Here we isolated Vibrio strains representing dominant members of the enrichments and verified their potential to degrade lignin and xylan. The isolated strains were closely related to Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. diabolicus, and V. parahaemolyticus. Extracellular enzyme assays, and genome and transcriptome analyses revealed diverse peroxidases, including lignin peroxidase (LiP), catalase-peroxidase (KatG), and decolorizing peroxidase (DyP), which played an important role in the depolymerization and oxidation of lignin. Superoxide dismutase was found to likely promote lignin oxidation by supplying H2O2 to LiP, DyP, and KatG. Interestingly, these deep-sea Vibrio strains could oxidize lignin and hydrolyze xylan not only through aerobic pathway, but also through anaerobic pathway. Genome analysis revealed multiple anaerobic respiratory mechanisms, including the reductions of nitrate, arsenate, tetrathionate, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The strains showed the potential to anaerobically reduce sulfite and metal oxides of iron and manganese, in contrast the non-deep-sea Vibrio strains were not retrieved of genes involved in reduction of metal oxides. This is the first report about the lignin oxidation mechanisms in Vibrio and their role in TOM mineralization in anoxic and oxic environments of the marginal sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Li
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300387, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, Xiamen 361005, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China; MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Chunming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, Xiamen 361005, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Qiliang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, Xiamen 361005, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Linfeng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, Xiamen 361005, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, Xiamen 361005, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, PR China.
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16
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Wu Z, Peng K, Zhang Y, Wang M, Yong C, Chen L, Qu P, Huang H, Sun E, Pan M. Lignocellulose dissociation with biological pretreatment towards the biochemical platform: A review. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100445. [PMID: 36212906 PMCID: PMC9535326 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose utilization has been gaining great attention worldwide due to its abundance, accessibility, renewability and recyclability. Destruction and dissociation of the cross-linked, hierarchical structure within cellulose hemicellulose and lignin is the key procedure during chemical utilization of lignocellulose. Of the pretreatments, biological treatment, which can effectively target the complex structures, is attractive due to its mild reaction conditions and environmentally friendly characteristics. Herein, we report a comprehensive review of the current biological pretreatments for lignocellulose dissociation and their corresponding degradation mechanisms. Firstly, we analyze the layered, hierarchical structure of cell wall, and the cross-linked network between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, then highlight that the cracking of β-aryl ether is considered the key to lignin degradation because of its dominant position. Secondly, we explore the effect of biological pretreatments, such as fungi, bacteria, microbial consortium, and enzymes, on substrate structure and degradation efficiency. Additionally, combining biological pretreatment with other methods (chemical methods and catalytic materials) may reduce the time necessary for the whole process, which also help to strengthen the lignocellulose dissociation efficiency. Thirdly, we summarize the related applications of lignocellulose, such as fuel production, chemicals platform, and bio-pulping, which could effectively alleviate the energy pressure through bioconversion into high value-added products. Based on reviewing of current progress of lignocellulose pretreatment, the challenges and future prospects are emphasized. Genetic engineering and other technologies to modify strains or enzymes for improved biotransformation efficiency will be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyou Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Kun Peng
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Cheng Yong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hongying Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Enhui Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
- Corresponding author. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Tang H, Wang MJ, Gan XF, Li YQ. Funneling lignin-derived compounds into polyhydroxyalkanoate by Halomonas sp. Y3. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127837. [PMID: 36031122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-derived compounds (LDCs) biological funneling for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis has been attractive but elusive. Herein, the Halomonas sp. Y3 is isolated and developed for PHA production from LDCs. Of the tested 13 LDCs, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), protocatechuate (PA), catechol (CAT), and vanillic acid (VA) exhibit a hyper-degradation and production with 87.2 %, 85.8 %, 84.7 %, and 83.4 % TOC removal rate and 535.2 mg/L, 506.5 mg/L, 435.6 mg/L, and 440.8 mg/L PHA concentration, respectively. The Halomonas sp. Y3 genome is sequenced by identifying numerous genes responsible for LDCs funneling, stress response, and PHA biosynthesis. An open unsterilized fermentation with optimal conditions of pH 9.0 and NaCl 60 g/L is investigated, achieving a completely aseptic effect and significantly improved PHA production from LDCs. Overall, the results indicate that the Halomonas sp. Y3 is an ideal candidate for LDC bioconversion and exhibits a great potential to realize black liquor valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Ming-Jun Wang
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Gan
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Yuan-Qiu Li
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China; College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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18
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Wang H, Peng X, Li H, Giannis A, He C. Recent Biotechnology Advances in Bio-Conversion of Lignin to Lipids by Bacterial Cultures. Front Chem 2022; 10:894593. [PMID: 35494654 PMCID: PMC9039179 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.894593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity and recalcitrance of the lignin structure is a major barrier to its efficient utilization and commercial production of high-value products. In recent years, the “bio-funneling” transformation ability of microorganisms has provided a significant opportunity for lignin conversion and integrated biorefinery. Based on the chemical structure of lignin, this mini-review introduces the recent advances of lignin depolymerization by bacterial strains and the application of microbial lignin degradation in lipids production. Furthermore, the current challenges, future trends and perspectives for microbe-based lignin conversion to lipids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- Guizhou Institute of Products Quality Inspection and Testing, Guiyang, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Li, ; Chao He,
| | - Apostolos Giannis
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, Chania, Greece
| | - Chao He
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- *Correspondence: Hu Li, ; Chao He,
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19
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Guan Y, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Shu L, Song J, Yang X, Wu Z, Wu L, Yang M. Microbial consortium composed of Cellulomonas ZJW-6 and Acinetobacter DA-25 improves straw lignocellulose degradation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:139. [PMID: 35032191 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 27 bacterial strains were isolated from environmental samples and screened for higher lignocellulose-degrading efficiency. The best degrader was combined in pairs with 14 strains with high β-glucosidase activity to formulate a consortium. Microbial consortium 625 showed high lignocellulose degradation efficiency. ZJW-6 with low β-glucosidase activity and the best lignocellulose decomposer was identified as a member of Cellulomonas. Consortium 625 composed of ZJW-6 and DA-25, an Acinetobacter, showed the highest degradation rate (57.62%) under optimized conditions. The DA-25 filtrate promoted ZJW-6 growth, upregulating the activity of key lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, including β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, xylanase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase. ZJW-6 and DA-25 worked in a subordination manner when co-cultivated. ZJW-6 acted as the major decomposer whose growth and enzymatic activities were promoted by DA-25. This study proposes a novel microbial consortium with improved lignocellulose degradation efficiency and reduce the C:N ratio of lignocellulose materials, which can enhance bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hemei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longhua Shu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Song
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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20
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Mahanty A, Giri S, Kar A, Ghosh S. Biocatalytic pretreatment of rice straw by ligninolytic enzymes produced by newly isolated <i>Micrococcus unnanensis</i> strain B4 for downstream cellulolytic saccharification. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:184-192. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Mahanty
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal
| | | | - Akas Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal
| | - Shilpi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal
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21
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Reshmy R, Athiyaman Balakumaran P, Divakar K, Philip E, Madhavan A, Pugazhendhi A, Sirohi R, Binod P, Kumar Awasthi M, Sindhu R. Microbial valorization of lignin: Prospects and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126240. [PMID: 34737164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the world's second most prevalent biomaterial, but its effective value-added product valorization methods are still being developed. The most common preparation processes for converting lignin to platform chemicals and biofuels are fragmentation and depolymerization. Due to its structural diversity, fragmentation generally produces a variety of products, necessitating tedious separation and purifying methods to isolate the desired products. Bacterial-based techniques are commonly utilized for lignin fragmentation due to their high metabolitic activity. Recent advancements in lignin valorization utilizing bacteria, such as lignin decomposing microbes and major pathways involved that can breakdown lignin into various valuable products namely lipids, furfural, vanillin, polyhydroxybutyrate, poly lactic acid blends were discussed in this review. This review also covers the genetic and fermentation methodologies to enhance lignin decomposition, challenges and future trends of microbe based lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Palanisamy Athiyaman Balakumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - K Divakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur 602 117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712 100, China
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India.
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22
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Banerjee A, Show BK, Chaudhury S, Balachandran S. Biological pretreatment for enhancement of biogas production. COST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOLID WASTE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT 2022:101-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822933-0.00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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23
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Khan SI, Zarin A, Ahmed S, Hasan F, Belduz AO, Çanakçi S, Khan S, Badshah M, Farman M, Shah AA. Degradation of lignin by Bacillus altitudinis SL7 isolated from pulp and paper mill effluent. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:420-432. [PMID: 35050893 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a major by-product of pulp and paper industries, and is resistant to depolymerization due to its heterogeneous structure. Degradation of lignin can be achieved by the use of potential lignin-degrading bacteria. The current study was designed to evaluate the degradation efficiency of newly isolated Bacillus altitudinis SL7 from pulp and paper mill effluent. The degradation efficiency of B. altitudinis SL7 was determined by color reduction, lignin content, and ligninolytic activity from degradation medium supplemented with alkali lignin (3 g/L). B. altitudinis SL7 reduced color and lignin content by 26 and 44%, respectively, on the 5th day of incubation, as evident from the maximum laccase activity. Optimum degradation was observed at 40 °C and pH 8.0. FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis confirmed lignin degradation by emergence of the new peaks and identification of low-molecular-weight compounds in treated samples. The identified compounds such as vanillin, 2-methyoxyhenol, 3-methyl phenol, oxalic acid and ferulic acid suggested the degradation of coniferyl and sinapyl groups of lignin. Degradation efficiency of B. altitudinis SL7 towards high lignin concentration under alkaline pH indicated the potential application of this isolate in biological treatment of the lignin-containing effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Islam Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail: ; Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Asaf Zarin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Safia Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Fariha Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Ali Osman Belduz
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Çanakçi
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Farman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan E-mail:
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A novel Bacillus ligniniphilus catechol 2,3-dioxygenase shows unique substrate preference and metal requirement. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23982. [PMID: 34907211 PMCID: PMC8671467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel enzymes from lignin degrading microorganisms will help to develop biotechnologies for biomass valorization and aromatic hydrocarbons degradation. Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 grows with alkaline lignin as the single carbon source and is a great candidate for ligninolytic enzyme identification. The first dioxygenase from strain L1 was heterologously expressed, purified, and characterized with an optimal temperature and pH of 32.5 °C and 7.4, respectively. It showed the highest activity with 3-ethylcatechol and significant activities with other substrates in the decreasing order of 3-ethylcatechol > 3-methylcatechol > 3-isopropyl catechol > 2, 3-dihydroxybiphenyl > 4-methylcatechol > catechol. It did not show activities against other tested substrates with similar structures. Most reported catechol 2,3-dioxygenases (C23Os) are Fe2+-dependent whereas Bacillus ligniniphilus catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (BLC23O) is more Mn2+- dependent. At 1 mM, Mn2+ led to 230-fold activity increase and Fe2+ led to 22-fold increase. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses suggested that BL23O is different from other Mn-dependent enzymes and uniquely grouped with an uncharacterized vicinal oxygen chelate (VOC) family protein from Paenibacillus apiaries. Gel filtration analysis showed that BLC23O is a monomer under native condition. This is the first report of a C23O from Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 with unique substrate preference, metal-dependency, and monomeric structure.
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Weiland F, Kohlstedt M, Wittmann C. Guiding stars to the field of dreams: Metabolically engineered pathways and microbial platforms for a sustainable lignin-based industry. Metab Eng 2021; 71:13-41. [PMID: 34864214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is an important structural component of terrestrial plants and is readily generated during biomass fractionation in lignocellulose processing facilities. Due to lacking alternatives the majority of technical lignins is industrially simply burned into heat and energy. However, regarding its vast abundance and a chemically interesting richness in aromatics, lignin is presently regarded as the most under-utilized and promising feedstock for value-added applications. Notably, microbes have evolved powerful enzymes and pathways that break down lignin and metabolize its various aromatic components. This natural pathway atlas meanwhile serves as a guiding star for metabolic engineers to breed designed cell factories and efficiently upgrade this global waste stream. The metabolism of aromatic compounds, in combination with success stories from systems metabolic engineering, as reviewed here, promises a sustainable product portfolio from lignin, comprising bulk and specialty chemicals, biomaterials, and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Weiland
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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26
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Fabrication and evaluation of slow-release lignin-based avermectin nano-delivery system with UV-shielding property. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23248. [PMID: 34853382 PMCID: PMC8636473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopesticide is one of the best pesticide formulation technologies to overcome the disadvantages of traditional pesticides, which has received great attention from the international community. Using high-speed emulsification and ultrasonic dispersion technology, an avermectin nano-delivery system (Av-NDs) with a particle size of 80-150 nm was prepared through embedding the pesticide molecule utilizing the cross-linking reaction between sodium lignosulfonate and p-phenylenediamine diazonium salt. The formulation and composition of Av-NDs were optimized, the morphology of Av-NDs was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering, and the structure of Av-NDs was characterized by UV, IR and 1H NMR. Anti-photolysis and controlled-release tests show that the stability of Av-NDs is 3-4 times of the original avermectin (Av) and possesses the pH-responsive controlled release property. Furthermore, the insecticidal activity of Av-NDs is better than that of avermectin suspension concentrate (Av-SC). The Av-NDs with anti-photolysis and controlled-release characteristics is suitable for large-scale industrial production and is capable to be utilized as effective insecticide in the field.
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27
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Ma J, Li Q, Wu Y, Yue H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Shi M, Wang S, Liu GQ. Elucidation of ligninolysis mechanism of a newly isolated white-rot basidiomycete Trametes hirsuta X-13. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:189. [PMID: 34563244 PMCID: PMC8466896 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin is a complex aromatic heteropolymer comprising 15-30% dry weight of the lignocellulose. The complex structural characteristic of lignin renders it difficult for value-added utilization. Exploring efficient lignin-degrading microorganisms and investigating their lignin-degradation mechanisms would be beneficial for promoting lignin valorization. In this study, a newly isolated white-rot basidiomycete, Trametes hirsuta X-13, with capacity to utilize alkaline lignin as the sole substrate was investigated. RESULTS The analysis of the fermentation properties of T. hirsuta X-13 using alkaline lignin as the sole substrate, including the mycelial growth, activities of ligninolytic enzymes and the rates of lignin degradation and decolorization confirmed its great ligninolysis capacity. The maximum lignin degradation rate reached 39.8% after 11 days of T. hirsuta X-13 treatment, which was higher than that of reported fungi under the same condition. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) scanning electron micrographs (SEM), two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR analysis (2D-HSQC NMR) collaborated with pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) analyses proved that lignin structure was severely deconstructed along with amounts of monomer aromatics generated. Furthermore, according to those chemical analysis, in addition to canonical Cα-Cβ breakage, the cleavage of lignin interunit linkages of β-β might also occur by T. hirsuta X-13. CONCLUSIONS This study characterized a newly isolated white-rot basidiomycete T. hirsuta X-13 with impressive alkaline lignin degradation ability and provided mechanistic insight into its ligninolysis mechanism, which will be valuable for the development of lignin valorization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanghong Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiashun Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Muling Shi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Sixian Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation On Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004 Hunan People’s Republic of China
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Olajuyigbe FM, Afere FP, Adetuyi OY, Fatokun CO. Decolorization of lignin-mimicking dyes by Stenotrophomonas sp. CFB-09: Enzyme activity, transformation dynamics and process optimization. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.1935898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Folasade M. Olajuyigbe
- Department of Biochemistry, Enzyme Biotechnology and Environmental Health Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Folakemi P. Afere
- Department of Biochemistry, Enzyme Biotechnology and Environmental Health Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafijimi Y. Adetuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Enzyme Biotechnology and Environmental Health Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Cornelius O. Fatokun
- Department of Biochemistry, Enzyme Biotechnology and Environmental Health Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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29
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Wang Z, Wu W, Cui L, Li X, Kulyar MFEA, Xiong H, Zhou N, Yin H, Li J, Li X. Isolation, characterization, and interaction of lignin-degrading bacteria from rumen of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:757-768. [PMID: 34101885 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate lignin-degrading bacteria from buffalo rumen and to explore their interactions further. Using lignin as the carbon source, three bacteria, B-04 (Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium), B-11 (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and B-45 (Bacillus sonorensis), which have shown lignin degradation potential, were successfully isolated and identified from the rumen fluid of buffalo by colony morphology, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and biochemical and physiological analyses. The degradation rates of lignin were determined, and the maximum values were 4.86%, 11.1%, and 7.68% for B-04, B-11, and B-45, respectively. The maximum laccase activities were 0.65, 0.93, and 1.15 U/ml, while the maximum lignin peroxidase activities were 5.72, 8.29, and 18.69 U/ml, respectively. Pairwise interaction studies showed inhibitory interaction between B-04 and B-45, inhibitory interaction between B-04 and B-11, and symbiotic interaction between B-11 and B-45. This is the first report on the lignin degradation ability of bacteria isolated from the buffalo's rumen, which provides a new understanding for revealing the mechanism of roughage tolerance of buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Luncheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | | | - Haiqian Xiong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huaihui Yin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Georgiadou DN, Avramidis P, Ioannou E, Hatzinikolaou DG. Microbial bioprospecting for lignocellulose degradation at a unique Greek environment. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07122. [PMID: 34141913 PMCID: PMC8187967 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial systems have gained wide attention for depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass, due to their high functional diversity and adaptability. To achieve the full microbial exploitation of lignocellulosic residues and the cost-effective production of bioproducts within a biorefinery, multiple metabolic pathways and enzymes of various specificities are required. In this work, highly diverse aerobic, mesophilic bacteria enriched from Keri Lake, a pristine marsh of increased biomass degradation and natural underground oil leaks, were explored for their metabolic versatility and enzymatic potential towards lignocellulosic substrates. A high number of Pseudomonas species, obtained from enrichment cultures where organosolv lignin served as the sole carbon and energy source, were able to assimilate a range of lignin-associated aromatic compounds. Comparatively more complex bacterial consortia, including members of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacilli, Sphingobacteria, and Flavobacteria, were also enriched from cultures with xylan or carboxymethyl cellulose as sole carbon sources. Numerous individual isolates could target diverse structural lignocellulose polysaccharides by expressing hydrolytic activities on crystalline or amorphous cellulose and xylan. Specific isolates showed increased potential for growth in lignin hydrolysates prepared from alkali pretreated agricultural wastes. The results suggest that Keri isolates represent a pool of effective lignocellulose degraders with significant potential for industrial applications in a lignocellulose biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne N. Georgiadou
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Avramidis
- Laboratory of Sedimentology, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504, Rio-Patra, Greece
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris G. Hatzinikolaou
- Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784, Athens, Greece
- Corresponding author.
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Weng C, Peng X, Han Y. Depolymerization and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:84. [PMID: 33812391 PMCID: PMC8019502 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the most abundant renewable aromatic compound in nature, is an excellent feedstock for value-added bioproducts manufacturing; while the intrinsic heterogeneity and recalcitrance of which hindered the efficient lignin biorefinery and utilization. Compared with chemical processing, bioprocessing with microbial and enzymatic catalysis is a clean and efficient method for lignin depolymerization and conversion. Generally, lignin bioprocessing involves lignin decomposition to lignin-based aromatics via extracellular microbial enzymes and further converted to value-added bioproducts through microbial metabolism. In the review, the most recent advances in degradation and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts catalyzed by microbes and enzymes were summarized. The lignin-degrading microorganisms of white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, soft-rot fungi, and bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were comparatively analyzed. The catalytic metabolism of the microbial lignin-degrading enzymes of laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, biphenyl bond cleavage enzyme, versatile peroxidase, and β-etherize was discussed. The microbial metabolic process of H-lignin, G-lignin, S-lignin based derivatives, protocatechuic acid, and catechol was reviewed. Lignin was depolymerized to lignin-derived aromatic compounds by the secreted enzymes of fungi and bacteria, and the aromatics were converted to value-added compounds through microbial catalysis and metabolic engineering. The review also proposes new insights for future work to overcome the recalcitrance of lignin and convert it to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Weng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yejun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Kumar M, You S, Beiyuan J, Luo G, Gupta J, Kumar S, Singh L, Zhang S, Tsang DCW. Lignin valorization by bacterial genus Pseudomonas: State-of-the-art review and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124412. [PMID: 33249259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The most prominent aromatic feedstock on Earth is lignin, however, lignin valorization is still an underrated subject. The principal preparatory strategies for lignin valorization are fragmentation and depolymerization which help in the production of fuels and chemicals. Owing to lignin's structural heterogeneity, these strategies result in product generation which requires tedious separation and purification to extract target products. The bacterial genus Pseudomonas has been dominant for its lignin valorization potency, owing to a robust enzymatic machinery that is used to funnel variable lignin derivatives into certain target products such as polyhydroxyalkanotes (PHAs) and cis, cis-muconic acid (MA). In this review, the potential of genus Pseudomonas in lignin valorization is critically reviewed along with the advanced genetic techniques and tools to ease the use of lignin/lignin-model compounds for the synthesis of bioproducts. This review also highlights the research gaps in lignin biovalorization and discuss the challenges and possibilities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; CSIR - National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Siming You
- University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow G12 8 QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jingzi Beiyuan
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juhi Gupta
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR - National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR - National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Xu Z, Xu M, Cai C, Chen S, Jin M. Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate production from lignin by Pseudomonas putida NX-1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124210. [PMID: 33254447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological approaches play an important role in lignin valorization, whereas many issues in this area remain unclear. Herein, ligninolytic enzymes in Pseudomonas putida NX-1 were systematically unraveled based on genome sequence technology. Particularly, a dye-decolorizing peroxidase was systematically studied by heterologous expression, enzyme purification, and enzymatic characterization, which suggested it possessed activities on both synthetic dyes and lignin-derived aromatics. Moreover, a complete pathway for polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis was annotated, and the polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis capability of P. putida NX-1 was experimentally confirmed with lignin as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, the monomer compositions, molecular weights, and thermal properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate from glucose and lignin-derived aromatics were comprehensively determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that physical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate prepared from glucose and lignin-derived aromatics were similar, which suggested lignin could be an alternative feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate production without compromising its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Meilin Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chenggu Cai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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dos Santos Melo-Nascimento AO, Mota Moitinho Sant´Anna B, Gonçalves CC, Santos G, Noronha E, Parachin N, de Abreu Roque MR, Bruce T. Complete genome reveals genetic repertoire and potential metabolic strategies involved in lignin degradation by environmental ligninolytic Klebsiella variicola P1CD1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243739. [PMID: 33351813 PMCID: PMC7755216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a recalcitrant macromolecule formed by three alcohols (monolignols) predominantly connected by β-aryl ether linkages and is one of the most abundant organic macromolecules in the biosphere. However, the role played by environmental bacteria in lignin degradation is still not entirely understood. In this study, we identified an environmental Klebsiella strain isolated from sediment collected from an altitudinal region in a unique Brazilian biome called Caatinga. This organism can also grow in the presence of kraft lignin as a sole source of carbon and aromatic compounds. We performed whole-genome sequencing and conducted an extensive genome-based metabolic reconstruction to reveal the potential mechanisms used by the bacterium Klebsiella variicola P1CD1 for lignin utilization as a carbon source. We identified 262 genes associated with lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) and lignin-degrading auxiliary enzymes (LDAs) required for lignin and aromatic compound degradation. The presence of one DyP (Dye-decolorizing Peroxidase) gene suggests the ability of P1CD1 strain to access phenolic and nonphenolic structures of lignin molecules, resulting in the production of catechol and protocatechuate (via vanillin or syringate) along the peripheral pathways of lignin degradation. K. variicola P1CD1 uses aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase to perform direct conversion of vanillin to protocatechol. The upper funneling pathways are linked to the central pathways of the protocatechuate/catechol catabolic branches via β-ketoadipate pathways, connecting the more abundant catabolized aromatic compounds with essential cellular functions, such as energy cellular and biomass production (i.e., via acetyl-CoA formation). The combination of phenotypic and genomic approaches revealed the potential dissimilatory and assimilatory ability of K. variicola P1CD1 to perform base-catalyzed lignin degradation, acting on high- and low-molecular-weight lignin fragments. These findings will be relevant for developing metabolic models to predict the ligninolytic mechanism used by environmental bacteria and shedding light on the flux of carbon in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyne Caetano Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Engenharia de Biocatalizadores, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Engenharia de Biocatalizadores, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eliane Noronha
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Engenharia de Biocatalizadores, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nádia Parachin
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Milton Ricardo de Abreu Roque
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Grupo de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Bioprospecção, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruce
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Grupo de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Wang X, Lin L, Zhou J. Links among extracellular enzymes, lignin degradation and cell growth establish the models to identify marine lignin-utilizing bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:160-173. [PMID: 33107668 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A major conundrum in the isolation of prokaryotes from open environments is stochasticity. It is especially difficult to study low abundance groups where very little biological information exists, although single-cell genomics and metagenomics have alleviated some of this bottleneck. Here, we report an approach to capture lignin-utilizing bacteria by linking a physical model to actual organisms. Extracellular enzymes, lignin degradation and cell growth are crucial phenotypes of lignin-utilizing bacteria, but their interrelationships remain poorly understood. In this study, the phenotypes of bacteria isolated from in situ lignocellulose enrichment samples in coastal waters were traced and statistically analysed. It suggested cell growth, dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly correlated with lignin degradation, exhibiting a genus-specific property. The established models enabled us to efficiently capture lignin-utilizing bacteria and rapidly evaluate lignin degradation for Bacillus and Vibrio strains. Through the model, we identified several previously unrecognized marine bacterial lignin degraders. Moreover, it demonstrated that the isolated marine lignin-utilizing bacteria employ a DyP-based system and ROS for lignin depolymerization, providing insights into the mechanism of marine bacterial lignin degradation. Our findings should have implications beyond the capture of lignin-utilizing bacteria, in the isolation of other microorganisms with as-yet-unknown molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Chantarasiri A. Klebsiella and Enterobacter Isolated from Mangrove Wetland Soils in Thailand and Their Application in Biological Decolorization of Textile Reactive Dyes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207531. [PMID: 33081196 PMCID: PMC7589067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater released from textile and dye-based industries is one of the major concerns for human and aquatic beings. Biological decolorization using ligninolytic bacteria has been considered as an effective and alternative approach for the treatment of dyeing wastewater. This study aimed to assess the isolation, characterization and application of soil bacteria isolated from mangrove wetlands in Thailand. Four active bacteria were genetically identified and designated as Klebsiella pneumoniae strain RY10302, Enterobacter sp. strain RY10402, Enterobacter sp. strain RY11902 and Enterobacter sp. strain RY11903. They were observed for ligninolytic activity and decolorization of nine reactive dyes under experimental conditions. All bacteria exhibited strong decolorization efficiency within 72 h of incubation at 0.01% (w/v) of reactive dyes. The decolorization percentage varied from 20% (C.I. Reactive Red 195 decolorized by K. pneumoniae strain RY10302) to 92% (C.I. Reactive Blue 194 decolorized by Enterobacter sp. strain RY11902) in the case of bacterial monoculture, whereas the decolorization percentage for a mixed culture of four bacteria varied from 58% (C.I. Reactive Blue 19) to 94% (C.I. Reactive Black 1). These findings confer the possibility of using these bacteria for the biological decolorization of dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiya Chantarasiri
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Rayong Campus, Rayong 21120, Thailand
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Gonçalves CC, Bruce T, Silva CDOG, Fillho EXF, Noronha EF, Carlquist M, Parachin NS. Bioprospecting Microbial Diversity for Lignin Valorization: Dry and Wet Screening Methods. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1081. [PMID: 32582068 PMCID: PMC7295907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant cell wall component, and it has been used mainly for generating steam and electricity. Nevertheless, lignin valorization, i.e. the conversion of lignin into high value-added fuels, chemicals, or materials, is crucial for the full implementation of cost-effective lignocellulosic biorefineries. From this perspective, rapid screening methods are crucial for time- and resource-efficient development of novel microbial strains and enzymes with applications in the lignin biorefinery. The present review gives an overview of recent developments and applications of a vast arsenal of activity and sequence-based methodologies for uncovering novel microbial strains with ligninolytic potential, novel enzymes for lignin depolymerization and for unraveling the main metabolic routes during growth on lignin. Finally, perspectives on the use of each of the presented methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Caetano Gonçalves
- Department of Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília - UCB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruce
- Department of Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília - UCB, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliane Ferreira Noronha
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Magnus Carlquist
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Department of Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília - UCB, Brasília, Brazil
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Abdulsalam M, Man HC, Abidin ZZ, Yunos KF, Idris AI. Decolorization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Klebsiella Pneumonia ABZ11: Remediation Efficacy and Statistical Optimization of Treatment Conditions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:675. [PMID: 32477278 PMCID: PMC7237724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorants contained in palm oil mill effluent (POME) are recalcitrant and carcinogenic in nature. The commonly applied ponding treatment methods have been reported inefficient for remediating the concentration of the colorants before discharge. The need for sustainable and efficient treatment technique is crucial in order to preserve the environment. In this view, this study reported the first attempt to decolorize POME using a proliferate Klebsiella Pneumonia ABZ11 at varied inoculum sizes of 5–25% (v/v), initial color concentration (650–2,600 ADMI) and treatment time of 5-40 h. The treatment conditions were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. At optimal conditions of 20% (v/v) inoculum size, initial-color concentration of 2,600 ADMI, initial pH of 7 and 35 h treatment retention time, over 80.40% color removal was achieved with insignificant disparity compared with the model predicted value of 81.538%. Also, the Monod model excellently described the decolorization kinetic process with 0.9214 coefficient of correlation (R2), and the calculated maximum growth μmax) and half-saturation constant (Ks) were 7.023 d–1 and 340.569 ADMI d–1, respectively. This study revealed that the Klebsiella Pneumonia ABZ11 was highly prolific and such feature may favor a synergistic biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdulsalam
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Hasfalina Che Man
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Faezah Yunos
- Department of Food and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aida Isma Idris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Segi University, Kota Damansara, Malaysia
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Riyadi FA, Tahir AA, Yusof N, Sabri NSA, Noor MJMM, Akhir FNMD, Othman N, Zakaria Z, Hara H. Enzymatic and genetic characterization of lignin depolymerization by Streptomyces sp. S6 isolated from a tropical environment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7813. [PMID: 32385385 PMCID: PMC7210275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol or biochemical products requires a crucial pretreatment process to breakdown the recalcitrant lignin structure. This research focuses on the isolation and characterization of a lignin-degrading bacterial strain from a decaying oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). The isolated strain, identified as Streptomyces sp. S6, grew in a minimal medium with Kraft lignin (KL) as the sole carbon source. Several known ligninolytic enzyme assays were performed, and lignin peroxidase (LiP), laccase (Lac), dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) and aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) activities were detected. A 55.3% reduction in the molecular weight (Mw) of KL was observed after 7 days of incubation with Streptomyces sp. S6 based on gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) also successfully highlighted the production of lignin-derived aromatic compounds, such as 3-methyl-butanoic acid, guaiacol derivatives, and 4,6-dimethyl-dodecane, after treatment of KL with strain S6. Finally, draft genome analysis of Streptomyces sp. S6 also revealed the presence of strong lignin degradation machinery and identified various candidate genes responsible for lignin depolymerization, as well as for the mineralization of the lower molecular weight compounds, confirming the lignin degradation capability of the bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Azizah Riyadi
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Analhuda Abdullah Tahir
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurtasbiyah Yusof
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syazwani Ahmad Sabri
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megat Johari Megat Mohd Noor
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazrena Nadia M D Akhir
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor'azizi Othman
- Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuriati Zakaria
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hirofumi Hara
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Substantial concentrations of penicillin V potassium (PVK) have been found in the environment, which may pose potential threats to human health and contribute to the emergence of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains. In this study, antibiotic-degrading bacterial strains for PVK were isolated from sludge and characterized. Ochrobactrum tritici was selected for the biodegradation of PVK with high efficiency. To enhance its PVK degradation ability, a whole-cell biodegradation process was established and optimized using Ochrobactrum tritici. The degradation rate with 0.5 mg/ml PVK reached 100% within 3 h. The potential biodegradation pathway was also investigated. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides new insights into the biodegradation of PVK using an Ochrobactrum tritici strain, a promising candidate strain for the industrial biodegradation of β-lactam antibiotics. Substantial concentrations of penicillin V potassium (PVK) have been found in livestock manure, soil, and wastewater effluents, which may pose potential threats to human health and contribute to the emergence of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains. In this study, bacterial strains capable of degrading PVK were isolated from sludge and characterized. Strain X-2 was selected for biodegradation of PVK. Based on morphological observations and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain X-2 was identified as an Ochrobactrum tritici strain. To enhance the PVK degradation ability of PVK, a whole-cell biodegradation process of Ochrobactrum tritici X-2 was established and optimized. In the whole-cell biodegradation process, the optimal temperature and pH were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the degradation rate using 0.5 mg/ml PVK reached 100% within 3 h. During biodegradation, two major metabolites were detected: penicilloic acid and phenolic acid. The present study provides a novel method for the biodegradation of PVK using Ochrobactrum tritici strains, which represent promising candidates for the industrial biodegradation of PVK. IMPORTANCE Substantial concentrations of penicillin V potassium (PVK) have been found in the environment, which may pose potential threats to human health and contribute to the emergence of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains. In this study, antibiotic-degrading bacterial strains for PVK were isolated from sludge and characterized. Ochrobactrum tritici was selected for the biodegradation of PVK with high efficiency. To enhance its PVK degradation ability, a whole-cell biodegradation process was established and optimized using Ochrobactrum tritici. The degradation rate with 0.5 mg/ml PVK reached 100% within 3 h. The potential biodegradation pathway was also investigated. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides new insights into the biodegradation of PVK using an Ochrobactrum tritici strain, a promising candidate strain for the industrial biodegradation of β-lactam antibiotics.
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Morya R, Kumar M, Singh SS, Thakur IS. Genomic analysis of Burkholderia sp. ISTR5 for biofunneling of lignin-derived compounds. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:277. [PMID: 31788027 PMCID: PMC6880542 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer on earth. Industries using lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock generate a considerable amount of lignin as a byproduct with minimal usage. For a sustainable biorefinery, the lignin must be utilized in improved ways. Lignin is recalcitrant to degradation due to the complex and heterogeneous structure. The depolymerization of lignin and its conversion into specific product stream are the major challenges associated with lignin valorization. The blend of oligomeric, dimeric and monomeric lignin-derived compounds (LDCs) generated during depolymerization can be utilized by microbes for production of bioproducts. RESULTS In the present study, a novel bacterium Burkholderia sp. strain ISTR5 (R5), a proteobacteria belonging to class betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales and family Burkholderiaceae, was isolated and characterized for the degradation of LDCs. R5 strain was cultured on 12 LDCs in mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with individual compounds such as syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, vanillic acid, guaiacol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, benzoic acid, syringaldehyde, veratryl alcohol and catechol. R5 was able to grow and utilize all the selected LDCs. The degradation of selected LDCs was monitored by bacterial growth, total organic carbon (TOC) removal and UV-Vis absorption spectra in scan mode. TOC reduction shown in the sample contains syringic acid 80.7%, ferulic acid 84.1%, p-coumaric acid 85.9% and benzoic acid 83.2%. In UV-Vis absorption spectral scan, most of the lignin-associated peaks were found at or near 280 nm wavelength in the obtained absorption spectra. Enzyme assay for the ligninolytic enzymes was also performed, and it was observed that lignin peroxidase and laccase were predominantly expressed. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis of LDCs was performed to identify the degradation intermediates from these compounds. The genomic analysis showed the robustness of this strain and identified various candidate genes responsible for the degradation of aromatic or lignin derivatives, detoxification mechanism, oxidative stress response and fatty acid synthesis. The presence of peroxidases (13%), laccases (4%), monooxygenases (23%), dioxygenase (44%), NADPH: quinone oxidoreductases (16%) and many other related enzymes supported the degradation of LDCs. CONCLUSION Numerous pathway intermediates were observed during experiment. Vanillin was found during growth on syringic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid. Some other intermediates like catechol, acetovanillone, syringaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde from the recognized bacterial metabolic pathways existed during growth on the LDCs. The ortho- and meta cleavage pathway enzymes, such as the catechol-1,2-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase and toluene-2,3-dioxygenase, were observed in the genome. In addition to the common aromatic degradation pathways, presence of the epoxyqueuosine reductase, 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA isomerase in the genome advocates that this strain may follow the epoxy Coenzyme A thioester pathway for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Morya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Madan Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Shashi Shekhar Singh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Becker J, Wittmann C. A field of dreams: Lignin valorization into chemicals, materials, fuels, and health-care products. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li X, Zheng Y. Biotransformation of lignin: Mechanisms, applications and future work. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2922. [PMID: 31587530 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant polymers in biosphere, lignin has attracted extensive attention as a kind of promising feedstock for biofuel and bio-based products. However, the utilization of lignin presents various challenges in that its complex composition and structure and high resistance to degradation. Lignin conversion through biological platform harnesses the catalytic power of microorganisms to decompose complex lignin molecules and obtain value-added products through biosynthesis. Given the heterogeneity of lignin, various microbial metabolic pathways are involved in lignin bioconversion processes, which has been characterized in extensive research work. With different types of lignin substrates (e.g., model compounds, technical lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass), several bacterial and fungal species have been proved to own lignin-degrading abilities and accumulate microbial products (e.g., lipid and polyhydroxyalkanoates), while the lignin conversion efficiencies are still relatively low. Genetic and metabolic strategies have been developed to enhance lignin biodegradation by reprogramming microbial metabolism, and diverse products, such as vanillin and dicarboxylic acids were also produced from lignin. This article aims at presenting a comprehensive review on lignin bioconversion including lignin degradation mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and applications for the production of value-added bioproducts. Advanced techniques on genetic and metabolic engineering are also covered in the recent development of biological platforms for lignin utilization. To conclude this article, the existing challenges for efficient lignin bioprocessing are analyzed and possible directions for future work are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Shin SK, Ko YJ, Hyeon JE, Han SO. Studies of advanced lignin valorization based on various types of lignolytic enzymes and microbes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121728. [PMID: 31277889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a robust material that is considered useless because it has an inhibitory effect on microbes and acts as a physical barrier for cellulose degradation. Therefore, it has been removed from cellulosic biomass to produce high-value materials. However, lignin monomers can be converted to value-added chemicals such as biodegradable plastics and food additives by appropriately engineered microbes. Lignin degradation through peroxidase, laccase and other proteins with auxiliary activity is the first step in lignin valorization. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for increased tolerance and production yield is the second step for lignin valorization. Here, this review offers a summary of current biotechnologies using various enzymatic activities, synergistic enzyme mixtures and metabolic engineering for lignin valorization in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health & Wellness, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Kang M, Bae JH, Sohn JH, Sung BH. Bacterial Valorization of Lignin: Strains, Enzymes, Conversion Pathways, Biosensors, and Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:209. [PMID: 31552235 PMCID: PMC6733911 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, an aromatic polymer found in plants, has been studied for years in many biological fields. Initially, when biofuel was produced from lignocellulosic biomass, lignin was regarded as waste generated by the biorefinery and had to be removed, because of its inhibitory effects on fermentative bacteria. Although it has since proven to be a natural resource for bio-products with considerable potential, its utilization is confined by its complex structure. Hence, the microbial degradation of lignin has attracted researchers' interest to overcome this problem. From this perspective, the studies have primarily focused on fungal systems, such as extracellular peroxidase and laccase from white- and brown-rot fungi. However, recent reports have suggested that bacteria play an increasing role in breaking down lignin. This paper, therefore, reviews the role of bacteria in lignin and lignin-related research. Several reports on bacterial species in soil that can degrade lignin and their enzymes are included. In addition, a cellulolytic anaerobic bacterium capable of solubilizing lignin and carbohydrate simultaneously has recently been identified, even though the enzyme involved has not been discovered yet. The assimilation of lignin-derived small molecules and their conversion to renewable chemicals by bacteria, such as muconic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoates, including genetic modification to enhance their capability was discussed. This review also covers the indirect use of bacteria for lignin degradation, which is concerned with whole-cell biosensors designed to detect the aromatic chemicals released from lignin transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siseon Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minsik Kang
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Bae
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Omoboye OO, Oni FE, Batool H, Yimer HZ, De Mot R, Höfte M. Pseudomonas Cyclic Lipopeptides Suppress the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae by Induced Resistance and Direct Antagonism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:901. [PMID: 31354771 PMCID: PMC6636606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. produce an array of antimicrobial secondary metabolites such as cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs). We investigated the capacity of CLP-producing Pseudomonas strains and their crude CLP extracts to control rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, both in a direct manner and via induced systemic resistance (ISR). In planta biocontrol assays showed that lokisin-, white line inducing principle (WLIP)-, entolysin- and N3-producing strains successfully induced resistance to M. oryzae VT5M1. Furthermore, crude extracts of lokisin, WLIP and entolysin gave similar ISR results when tested in planta. In contrast, a xantholysin-producing strain and crude extracts of N3, xantholysin and orfamide did not induce resistance against the rice blast disease. The role of WLIP in triggering ISR was further confirmed by using WLIP-deficient mutants. The severity of rice blast disease was significantly reduced when M. oryzae spores were pre-treated with crude extracts of N3, lokisin, WLIP, entolysin or orfamide prior to inoculation. In vitro microscopic assays further revealed the capacity of crude N3, lokisin, WLIP, entolysin, xantholysin and orfamide to significantly inhibit appressoria formation by M. oryzae. In addition, the lokisin and WLIP biosynthetic gene clusters in the producing strains are described. In short, our study demonstrates the biological activity of structurally diverse CLPs in the control of the rice blast disease caused by M. oryzae. Furthermore, we provide insight into the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes encoding the WLIP and lokisin biosynthetic machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Owolabi Omoboye
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Humaira Batool
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henok Zimene Yimer
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - René De Mot
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Brink DP, Ravi K, Lidén G, Gorwa-Grauslund MF. Mapping the diversity of microbial lignin catabolism: experiences from the eLignin database. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3979-4002. [PMID: 30963208 PMCID: PMC6486533 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a heterogeneous aromatic biopolymer and a major constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood and agricultural residues. Despite the high amount of aromatic carbon present, the severe recalcitrance of the lignin macromolecule makes it difficult to convert into value-added products. In nature, lignin and lignin-derived aromatic compounds are catabolized by a consortia of microbes specialized at breaking down the natural lignin and its constituents. In an attempt to bridge the gap between the fundamental knowledge on microbial lignin catabolism, and the recently emerging field of applied biotechnology for lignin biovalorization, we have developed the eLignin Microbial Database ( www.elignindatabase.com ), an openly available database that indexes data from the lignin bibliome, such as microorganisms, aromatic substrates, and metabolic pathways. In the present contribution, we introduce the eLignin database, use its dataset to map the reported ecological and biochemical diversity of the lignin microbial niches, and discuss the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Brink
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Krithika Ravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie F Gorwa-Grauslund
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Mathews SL, Epps MJ, Blackburn RK, Goshe MB, Grunden AM, Dunn RR. Public questions spur the discovery of new bacterial species associated with lignin bioconversion of industrial waste. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:180748. [PMID: 31031986 PMCID: PMC6458430 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A citizen science project found that the greenhouse camel cricket (Diestrammena asynamora) is common in North American homes. Public response was to wonder 'what good are they anyway?' and ecology and evolution guided the search for potential benefit. We predicted that camel crickets and similar household species would likely host bacteria with the ability to degrade recalcitrant carbon compounds. Lignocellulose is particularly relevant as it is difficult to degrade yet is an important feedstock for pulp and paper, chemical and biofuel industries. We screened gut bacteria of greenhouse camel crickets and another household insect, the hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus) for the ability to grow on and degrade lignocellulose components as well as the lignocellulose-derived industrial waste product black liquor. From three greenhouse camel crickets and three hide beetles, 14 bacterial strains were identified that were capable of growth on lignocellulosic components, including lignin. Cedecea lapagei was selected for further study due to growth on most lignocellulose components. The C. lapagei secretome was identified using LC/MS/MS analysis. This work demonstrates a novel source of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria and introduces an effective workflow to identify bacterial enzymes for transforming industrial waste into value-added products. More generally, our research suggests the value of ecologically guided discovery of novel organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Mathews
- Department of Biological Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Mary Jane Epps
- Department of Biology, Mary Baldwin University, Staunton, VA 24401, USA
| | - R. Kevin Blackburn
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael B. Goshe
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Amy M. Grunden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Robert R. Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100Denmark
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Xu Z, Lei P, Zhai R, Wen Z, Jin M. Recent advances in lignin valorization with bacterial cultures: microorganisms, metabolic pathways, and bio-products. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:32. [PMID: 30815030 PMCID: PMC6376720 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant aromatic substrate on Earth and its valorization technologies are still under developed. Depolymerization and fragmentation are the predominant preparatory strategies for valorization of lignin to chemicals and fuels. However, due to the structural heterogeneity of lignin, depolymerization and fragmentation typically result in diverse product species, which require extensive separation and purification procedures to obtain target products. For lignin valorization, bacterial-based systems have attracted increasing attention because of their diverse metabolisms, which can be used to funnel multiple lignin-based compounds into specific target products. Here, recent advances in lignin valorization using bacteria are critically reviewed, including lignin-degrading bacteria that are able to degrade lignin and use lignin-associated aromatics, various associated metabolic pathways, and application of bacterial cultures for lignin valorization. This review will provide insight into the recent breakthroughs and future trends of lignin valorization based on bacterial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Peng Lei
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 211111 China
| | - Rui Zhai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
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50
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Kumar P, Maharjan A, Jun H, Kim BS. Bioconversion of lignin and its derivatives into polyhydroxyalkanoates: Challenges and opportunities. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:153-162. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Kumar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National University Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Anoth Maharjan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National University Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Hang‐Bae Jun
- Department of Environmental EngineeringChungbuk National University Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National University Chungbuk Republic of Korea
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