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Saldaña-Serrano M, Bastolla CLV, Mattos JJ, de Lima D, Piazza CE, Righetti BPH, Martiol R, Dias VHV, Ferreira CP, Nogueira DJ, de Miranda Gomes CHA, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Bainy ACD. Biochemical responses in Pacific oysters Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1793): Tools to evaluate the environmental quality of aquaculture areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116244. [PMID: 38489909 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of sanitary sewage into the bays of the Florianópolis Metropolitan Area (Southern Brazil), has led to the contamination of oyster farms. Consequently, linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) were quantified in the sediment, and the biochemical responses in gills and digestive gland of oysters from six farms were assessed. Our findings revealed elevated levels of LABs in the sediment of the Imaruim and Serraria farms. Additionally, alterations were observed in the antioxidant enzymes: catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in both oyster tissue from the Serraria, Santo Antonio de Lisboa and Sambaqui farms. Furthermore, correlation analyses indicated strong and moderate associations between biochemical responses, organic contaminants, and certain physicochemical parameters. Consequently, our results demonstrated the activation of the antioxidant system in oysters, representing a protective response to the presence of sanitary sewage and other contaminants. Therefore, we propose the utilization of biochemical biomarkers for monitoring the environmental quality of farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Camila Lisarb Velasquez Bastolla
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research Center-NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Daína de Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Clei Endrigo Piazza
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Pacheco Harrison Righetti
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Renata Martiol
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Vera Helena Vidal Dias
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Pellegrini Ferreira
- Department of Fisheries Engineering and Biological Sciences, University of Santa Catarina State, UDESC, Laguna, SC 88.790-000, Brazil
| | - Diego José Nogueira
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Araujo de Miranda Gomes
- Laboratory of Marine Mollusks-LMM, Department of Aquaculture, Center of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88040900, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Marcia Caruso Bícego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88034-257, Brazil.
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Alharbi OA, Jarvis E, Galani A, Thomaidis NS, Nika MC, Chapman DV. Assessment of selected pharmaceuticals in Riyadh wastewater treatment plants, Saudi Arabia: Mass loadings, seasonal variations, removal efficiency and environmental risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163284. [PMID: 37031940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in pharmaceutical emissions worldwide, studies of environmental contamination with pharmaceuticals arising from wastewater discharges in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Therefore, this study examined occurrence, mass loads and removal efficiency for 15 pharmaceuticals and one metabolite (oxypurinol) from different therapeutic classes in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), in Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. A total of 144 samples were collected from the influents and effluents between March 2018 and July 2019 and analyzed using Solid Phase Extraction followed by triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS. The average concentrations in the influents and effluents were generally higher than their corresponding concentrations found either in previous Saudi Arabian or global studies. The four most dominant compounds in the influent were acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, caffeine, and diclofenac, with caffeine and acetaminophen having the highest concentrations ranging between 943 and 2282 μg/L. Metformin and ciprofloxacin were the most frequently detected compounds in the effluents at concentrations as high as 33.2 μg/L. Ciprofloxacin had the highest mass load in the effluents of all three WWTPs, ranging between 0.20 and 20.7 mg/day/1000 inhabitants for different WWTPs. The overall average removal efficiency was estimated high (≥80), with no significant different (p > 0.05) between the treatment technology applied. Acetaminophen and caffeine were almost completely eliminated in all three WWTPs. The samples collected in the cold season generally had higher levels of detected compounds than those from the warm seasons, particularly for NSAID and antibiotic compounds. The estimated environmental risk from pharmaceutical compounds in the studied effluents was mostly low, except for antibiotic compounds. Thus, antibiotics should be considered for future monitoring programmes of the aquatic environment in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid A Alharbi
- Water Management & Treatment Technologies Institute, Sustainability and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland.
| | - Edward Jarvis
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
| | - Aikaterini Galani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Deborah V Chapman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10, Ireland
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Marson EO, Paniagua CES, Gomes Júnior O, Gonçalves BR, Silva VM, Ricardo IA, V M Starling MC, Amorim CC, Trovó AG. A review toward contaminants of emerging concern in Brazil: Occurrence, impact and their degradation by advanced oxidation process in aquatic matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155605. [PMID: 35504382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents data regarding the occurrence and treatment of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in Brazil in the past decade. The literature review (2011-2021) revealed the detection of 87 pharmaceutical drugs and personal care products, 58 pesticides, 8 hormones, 2 illicit drugs, caffeine and bisphenol A in distinct matrices (i.e.: wastewater, groundwater, sea water, rainwater, surface water, drinking water and hospital effluent). Concentrations of CECs varied from ng-μg L-1 depending on the location, compound and matrix. The inefficiency of conventional wastewater treatment methods on the removal of CECs and lack of basic sanitation in some regions in the country aggravates contamination of Brazilian aquatic environments and poses potential environmental and health risks. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are pointed out as viable and efficient alternatives to degrade CECs and prevent environmental contamination. A total of 375 studies involving the use of AOPs in Brazilian aqueous matrices were published in the last decade. Fenton and photo-Fenton processes, photo-peroxidation, ozonation, electrochemical advanced oxidation and heterogeneous photocatalysis are some of the AOPs applied by Brazilian research groups. Although many works discuss the importance of applying these technologies for CECs removal in real treatment plants, most of these studies assess the treatment of distilled water or simulated effluent. Therefore, the conduction of studies applying AOPs in real matrices are critical to drive the implementation of these processes coupled to conventional water and wastewater treatment in real plants in order to prevent the contamination of environmental matrices by CECs in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo O Marson
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Cleiseano E S Paniagua
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Gomes Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara R Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Valdislaine M Silva
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivo A Ricardo
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Save University, 0301-01 Chongoene, Gaza, Mozambique
| | - Maria Clara V M Starling
- Research Group on Advanced Oxitation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Research Group on Advanced Oxitation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alam G Trovó
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Química, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Korkmaz NE, Savun-Hekimoğlu B, Aksu A, Burak S, Caglar NB. Occurrence, sources and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152996. [PMID: 35031378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the occurrence and spatial distribution of selected eleven pharmaceuticals were investigated in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Samples were collected from different depths of the nine stations in April and October 2019. Pharmaceuticals were analyzed using liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All target pharmaceutical compounds were detected at least once in the study area. Gemfibrozil, which belongs to the lipid regulatory group, was the most frequently detected in seawater at high concentrations (<0.016-9.71 μg/L). Ibuprofen (<0.015-2.13 μg/L) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (<0.010-3.55 μg/L) were identified as the other frequently detected pharmaceuticals. In addition, the presence of these selected compounds in April was higher than in October. According to the risk assessment results, naproxen, diclofenac, clofibric acid, gemfibrozil, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol represent a high risk to aquatic organisms in the Sea of Marmara. These findings underline the importance of continued monitoring of these compounds as relevant organic contaminants in the study area to take appropriate measures to protect the ecosystem and, ultimately, human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan E Korkmaz
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Başak Savun-Hekimoğlu
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Marine Environment, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Aksu
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selmin Burak
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Marine Environment, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Balkis Caglar
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Pharmaceutical Compounds in Aquatic Environments-Occurrence, Fate and Bioremediation Prospective. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100257. [PMID: 34678953 PMCID: PMC8537644 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been detected in different ecosystems, posing a threat to living organisms and the environment. Pharmaceuticals are among the many CECs that enter the environment through different pathways, with wastewater treatment plants being the main input of these pollutants. Several technologies for the removal of these pollutants have been developed through the years, but there is still a lack of sustainable technologies suitable for being applied in natural environments. In this regard, solutions based on natural biological processes are attractive for the recovery of contaminated environments. Bioremediation is one of these natural-based solutions and takes advantage of the capacity of microorganisms to degrade different organic pollutants. Degradation of pollutants by native microorganisms is already known to be an important detoxification mechanism that is involved in natural attenuation processes that occur in the environment. Thus, bioremediation technologies based on the selection of natural degrading bacteria seem to be a promising clean-up technology suitable for application in natural environments. In this review, an overview of the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals is carried out, in which bioremediation tools are explored for the removal of these pollutants from impacted environments.
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Salgado LD, Marques AEML, Kramer RD, Garrido de Oliveira F, Moretto SL, Alves de Lima B, Prodocimo MM, Cestari MM, Azevedo JCRD, Silva de Assis HC. Sediment contamination and toxic effects on Violet Goby fish (Gobioides broussonnetii - Gobiidae) from a marine protected area in South Atlantic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110308. [PMID: 33068573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Estuarine-Lagoon Complex of Iguape-Cananéia (ELCIC), a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Brazil, was the focus of this study that aimed to relate external levels of exposure to contaminants to toxic effects on Gobioides broussonnetii fish. Different anthropogenic contaminants such as metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were analyzed in the sediments; and biochemical, histopathological and genotoxicity biomarkers evaluated in fish; in two different seasons at three sites of the estuarine region. Higher contamination of the sediments was observed near the main urban center (Iguape city - IG). Metal concentrations were considered low to moderate, while PAHs concentrations were considered low. The concentrations of PPCPs increased due to the anthropogenic presence and were higher near IG and the Cananéia Island (CI). Contributions from historical mining, agriculture, nautical activities, oil, sewage and waste disposal, biomass and fossil fuels combustion were identified. Higher concentrations of metals and PPCPs were observed during the cold-dry season, suggesting influences of the lower hydrodynamics during the season of lower precipitation. Higher PAHs concentrations occurred in the hot-rainy season, indicating influences of greater human presence in summer. In fish, biological responses followed the same spatial and seasonal pattern. More pronounced changes in antioxidant, biotransformation, histopathological and genotoxic biomarkers were observed in IG and CI. The multivariate analysis and the integrated biomarkers response index (IBR) also evidenced worse environmental conditions in these sites. This result can indicate a negative influence of anthropogenic activities on the contamination of sediments and on the biological responses of fish. This study presented the first ecotoxicological data for the species and suggested that these chronic exposures can cause adverse effects on this fish population. The data contribute to the understanding of local environmental quality and can be applied in the future to the environmental and social management of marine protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Dalago Salgado
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Cananéia Research Institute, 11990-000, Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael Duarte Kramer
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, 81280-340, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Garrido de Oliveira
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Lott Moretto
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Alves de Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, 81280-340, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Investigation of Biotransformation Products of p-Methoxymethylamphetamine and Dihydromephedrone in Wastewater by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020066. [PMID: 33503865 PMCID: PMC7912097 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on biotransformation and stability of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in wastewater. Moreover, the fate of NPS and their transformation products (TPs) in wastewater treatment plants is not well understood. In this study, batch reactors seeded with activated sludge were set up to evaluate biotic, abiotic, and sorption losses of p-methoxymethylamphetamine (PMMA) and dihydromephedrone (DHM) and identify TPs formed during these processes. Detection and identification of all compounds was performed with target and suspect screening approaches using liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Influent and effluent 24 h composite wastewater samples were collected from Athens from 2014 to 2020. High elimination rates were found for PMMA (80%) and DHM (97%) after a seven-day experiment and degradation appeared to be related to biological activity in the active bioreactor. Ten TPs were identified and the main reactions were O- and N-demethylation, oxidation, and hydroxylation. Some TPs were reported for the first time and some were confirmed by reference standards. Identification of some TPs was enhanced by the use of an in-house retention time prediction model. Mephedrone and some of its previously reported human metabolites were formed from DHM incubation. Retrospective analysis showed that PMMA was the most frequently detected compound.
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Golovko O, Rehrl AL, Köhler S, Ahrens L. Organic micropollutants in water and sediment from Lake Mälaren, Sweden. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127293. [PMID: 32535449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of 111 organic micropollutants (OMPs) were evaluated in water and sediment samples from Lake Mälaren, Sweden, using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The partitioning of contaminants between lake compartments was estimated using solid water distribution coefficients (Kd) and organic carbon-water partitioning coefficients (KOC). In total, 30 and 24 OMPs were detected in lake water and sediment, respectively. Concentrations ranged from low ng/L to 89 ng/L (lamotrigine) in lake water and from low ng/g dry weight (dw) to 28 ng/g dw (citalopram) in sediment. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, caffeine, and tolyltriazole were the dominant compounds in Lake Mälaren samples (both water and sediment). Seventeen OMPs were detected in both water and sediment samples, including carbamazepine, DEET, tolyltriazole, bicalutamide, caffeine, lamotrigine, and cetirizine. Log Kd values varied between 0.84 for lamotrigine and 4.4 for citalopram, while log KOC values varied between 2.1 for lamotrigine and 5.9 for citalopram. These results indicate that sorption to sediment plays a minor role in removal of all OMPs analyzed in the aqueous phase except for citalopram and cetirizine, which showed high sorption potential. The environmental risks of OMPs were assessed based on the RQ values. The worst-case scenario for environmental risk assessment was conducted using the maximum measured environment concentration. For most of the target OMPs, including tolyltriazole, bicalutamide, fexofenadine, oxazepam, cetirizine, and diclofenac, the RQ values were below 0.01, indicating low or no risk to lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna-Lena Rehrl
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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