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Guo X, Su W, Wang H, Li N, Song Q, Liang Q, Sun C, Liang M, Zhou Z, Song EJ, Sun Y. Short-term exposure to ambient ozone and cardiovascular mortality in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:958-975. [PMID: 35438585 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2066070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major public health concern in China. Notwithstanding this, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of short-term exposure to ambient ozone on cardiovascular mortality in the Chinese population. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to address this important question. The random-effects model was applied to pool the results from individual studies. Finally, 32 effect estimates extracted from 19 studies were pooled in this meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk for cardiovascular mortality for each 10 µg/m3 increment in ozone concentration was 1.0068 (95% CI: 1.0049, 1.0086). Ths significant positive association between ozone exposure and cardiovascular mortality was also observed in different two-pollutant models. This meta-analysis revealed that exposure to ozone was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in China, and more efforts on controlling the population from ozone are needed to improve cardiovascular health of Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mingming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Evelyn J Song
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
- Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, P.R. China
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Cao X, You X, Wang D, Qiu W, Guo Y, Zhou M, Chen W, Zhang X. Short-term effects of ambient ozone exposure on daily hospitalizations for circulatory diseases in Ganzhou, China: A time-series study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138513. [PMID: 36990357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Adverse health effects of ambient ozone are getting widespread attention, but the evidence on the relationship between ozone levels and circulatory system diseases are limited and inconsistent. Daily data for ambient ozone levels and hospitalizations for total circulatory diseases and five subtypes in Ganzhou, China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 were collected. We constructed a generalized additive model with quasi-Poisson regression accounting for lag effects to estimate the associations between ambient ozone levels and the number of hospitalized cases of total circulatory diseases and five subtypes. The differences among gender, age, and season subgroups were furtherly assessed through stratified analysis. A total of 201,799 hospitalized cases of total circulatory diseases were included in the present study, including 94,844 hypertension (HBP), 28,597 coronary heart disease (CHD), 42,120 cerebrovascular disease (CEVD), 21,636 heart failure (HF), and 14,602 arrhythmia. Significantly positive associations were observed between ambient ozone levels and daily hospitalizations for total circulatory diseases and all subtypes except arrhythmia. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone concentration, the risk of hospitalizations for total circulatory diseases, HBP, CHD, CEVD, and HF increased by 0.718% (95% confidence interval, 0.156%-1.284%), 0.956% (0.346%-1.570%), 0.499% (0.057%-0.943%), 0.386% (0.025%-0.748%), and 0.907% (0.118%-1.702%), respectively. The above associations remained significant after adjusting for other air pollutants. The risk of hospitalization for circulatory diseases was higher in warm season (May to October) and varied in gender and age subgroups. This study suggested that short-term exposure to ambient ozone may increase the risk of hospitalizations for circulatory diseases. Our findings reinforce the importance of reducing ambient ozone pollution levels for protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Cao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiaojie You
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - You Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Shin HH, Owen J, Maquiling A, Parajuli RP, Smith-Doiron M. Circulatory health risks from additive multi-pollutant models: short-term exposure to three common air pollutants in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15740-15755. [PMID: 36171323 PMCID: PMC9908686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported adverse health effects of ambient air pollution on circulatory health outcomes mainly based on single-pollutant models. However, limited studies have focused on adjusted effect of multi-pollutant exposures on public health. This study aimed to examine short-term effects of three common air pollutants-ground-level ozone (ozone), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-through multi-pollutant models for mixed effect of adjustment. Daily data (circulatory hospitalization and mortality) and hourly data (air pollutants and temperature) were collected for 24 Canadian cities for 2001-2012. We applied generalized additive over-dispersion Poisson regression models with 1, 2, or 3 pollutants for city-specific risks, and Bayesian hierarchical models for national risks. This study found little mixed effect of adjustment through multi-pollutant models (ozone and/or NO2 and/or PM2.5) for circulatory hospitalization or mortality in Canada for 2001-2012, indicating that the 1-pollutant model did not result in considerable under- or over-estimates. It seemed weak-to-moderate correlations among air pollutants did not change the significant effect of one air pollutant after accounting for others. Inconsistent findings between other previous studies and this study indicate the need of comparable study design for multi-pollutant effect analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave. W., ON, Ottawa, Canada.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, ON, Kingston, Canada.
| | - James Owen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave. W., ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aubrey Maquiling
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave. W., ON, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rajendra Prasad Parajuli
- Central Department of Zoology, Central Campus, Institute of Science & Technology (IOST), Tribhuvan University, Kritipur-1, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Marc Smith-Doiron
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave. W., ON, Ottawa, Canada
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Lyu Y, Zhou J, Li J, Li J, Hu G, Wang L, Wang L, Han J, Wang D. Alterations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression in RAW264.7 cell damage induced by two samples of PM 2.5 with different compositions. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221113709. [PMID: 35833342 PMCID: PMC10450461 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has been demonstrated by previous studies to be associated with cell damage. To explore the impact of the composition of PM2.5 on PM2.5-mediated inflammation, this study investigated the composition of PM2.5 collected during the wintertime indoor heating season and observed its inflammatory effect. Samples were collected during the heating season from December 5, 2017, to January 8, 2018, in Xi'an. Compositions of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble ions were analysed. Two representative samples (sample 1 and 2) were selected with significant differences in compositions. They were configured into four concentrations (0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL) and used as interventions on RAW264.7 cells for 4 h and 24 h separately. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene and protein expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The results showed that the cell viability of sample 1 intervened cells at 4 h and 24 h was lower than that of sample 2. IL-1β gene in most PM2.5 intervention groups was lower than in the control group. Protein expression was higher at 4 h than at 24 h. In conclusion, PM2.5 components influence cell viability and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α, while high concentrations of NO3-, Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and others in the PM2.5 composition have a significant harmful effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Lyu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jieting Zhou
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- Ministry of Environmental Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liyun Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
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Shin HH, Maquiling A, Thomson EM, Park IW, Stieb DM, Dehghani P. Sex-difference in air pollution-related acute circulatory and respiratory mortality and hospitalization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150515. [PMID: 34627116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have estimated adverse effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution on public health. Few have focused on sex-differences, and results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was three-fold: to identify sex-differences in air pollution-related health outcomes; to examine sex-differences by cause and season; and to examine time trends in sex-differences. METHODS Daily data were collected on circulatory- and respiratory-related mortality (for 29 years) and cause-specific hospitalization (for 17 years) with hourly concentrations of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). For hospitalization, more specific causes were examined: ischemic heart disease (IHD), other heart disease (OHD), cerebrovascular disease (CEV), chronic lower respiratory diseases (CLRD), and Influenza/Pneumonia (InfPn). Generalized Poisson models were applied to 24 Canadian cities, and the city-specific estimates were combined for nationwide estimates for each sex using Bayesian hierarchical models. Finally, sex-differences were tested statistically based on their interval estimates, considering the correlation between sex-specific national estimates. RESULTS Sex-differences were more frequently observed for hospitalization than mortality, respiratory than circulatory health outcomes, and warm than cold season. For hospitalization, males were at higher risk (M > F) for warm season (OHD and InfPn from O3; IHD from NO2; and InfPn from PM2.5), but F > M for cold season (CEV from O3 and OHD from NO2). For mortality, we found F > M only for circulatory diseases from ozone during the warm season. Among the above-mentioned sex-differences, three cases showed consistent time trends over the years: while M > F for OHD from O3 and IHD from NO2, F > M for OHD from NO2. CONCLUSIONS We found that sex-differences in effect of ambient air pollution varied over health outcome, cause, season and time. In particular, the consistent trends (either F > M or M > F) across 17 years provide stronger evidence of sex-differences in hospitalizations, and warrant investigation in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwashin H Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Aubrey Maquiling
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Errol M Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - In-Woo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - Dave M Stieb
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Parvin Dehghani
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Liu C, Wu M, Fu M, Wang H, Nie J. Dose-response relationships between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and blood cell counts among coke oven workers: a sex-stratified analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046843. [PMID: 35099406 PMCID: PMC8719181 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore sex differences and dose-response relationships between nine urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and complete blood counts among coke oven workers. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study with stratified sex was conducted in Shanxi, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 458 male workers and 226 female workers were selected. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES General linear models, p values for trend tests and natural cubic spline models were used to explore the dose-response relationships between nine urinary PAH metabolites and NLR, PLR and complete blood counts. RESULT Compared with male workers, female workers had lower exposure level of PAH (0.95 ng/mL vs 1.38 ng/mL). Only among female workers did we observe that a 1-unit increase in lg(1-OHPyr) was related to a 0.149 (95% CI: 0.055 to 0.242; p for trend=0.041) and 0.103 (95% CI: 0.025 to 0.181; p for trend=0.007) increase in lg(NLR) and lg(PLR), and a 0.116 (95% CI: -0.179 to -0.054; p for trend=0.007) decrease in lg(lymphocyte counts (LYMs)). A 1-unit increase in lg(2-OHNap) was related to a 0.045 (95% CI: 0.003 to 0.086; p for trend=0.037) increase in lg(PLR) and a 0.029 (95% CI: -0.056 to -0.002; p for trend=0.030) and 0.016 (95% CI: -0.029 to -0.003; p for trend=0.010) decrease in lg(white blood cell counts (WBCs)) and lg(haemoglobin (HGB)). CONCLUSION Female workers' NLR, PLR, WBCs, HGB and LYMs may be more susceptible than those of male workers when affected by PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Liu
- Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Wu
- Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mengmeng Fu
- Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Rudke AP, Martins JA, de Almeida DS, Martins LD, Beal A, Hallak R, Freitas ED, Andrade MF, Foroutan H, Baek BH, de A Albuquerque TT. How mobility restrictions policy and atmospheric conditions impacted air quality in the State of São Paulo during the COVID-19 outbreak. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111255. [PMID: 33971134 PMCID: PMC8547779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mobility restrictions are among actions to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and have been pointed as reasons for improving air quality, especially in large cities. However, it is crucial to assess the impact of atmospheric conditions on air quality and air pollutant dispersion in the face of the potential variability of all sources. In this study, the impact of mobility restrictions on the air quality was analyzed for the most populous Brazilian State, São Paulo, severely impacted by COVID-19. Ground-based air quality data (PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2, NOx, NO2, NO, and O3) were used from 50 automatic air quality monitoring stations to evaluate the changes in concentrations before (January 01 - March 25) and during the partial quarantine (March 16 - June 30). Rainfall, fires, and daily cell phone mobility data were also used as supplementary information to the analyses. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the heterogeneity of the air quality data during and before mobility restrictions. In general, the results demonstrated no substantial improvements in air quality for most of the pollutants when comparing before and during restrictions periods. Besides, when the analyzed period of 2020 is compared with the year 2019, there is no significant air quality improvement in the São Paulo State. However, special attention should be given to the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), due to the vast population residing in this area and exposed to air pollution. The region reached an average decrease of 29% in CO, 28% in NOx, 40% in NO, 19% in SO2, 15% in PM2.5, and 8% in PM10 concentrations during the mobility restrictions period compared to the same period in 2019. The only pollutant that showed an increase in concentration was ozone, with a 20% increase compared to 2019 during the mobility restrictions period. Before the mobility restrictions period, the region reached an average decrease of 30% in CO, 39% in NOx, 63% in NO, 12% in SO2, 23% in PM2.5, 18% in PM10, and 16% in O3 concentrations when compared to the same period in 2019. On the other hand, Cubatão, a highly industrialized area, showed statistically significant increases above 20% for most monitored pollutants in both periods of 2020 compared to 2019. This study reinforces that the main driving force of pollutant concentration variability is the dynamics of the atmosphere at its various time scales. An abnormal rainy season, with above average rainfall before the restrictions and below average after it, generated a scenario in which the probable significant reductions in emissions did not substantially affect the concentration of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Rudke
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Av. Dos Pioneiros, 3131, 86036-370, Londrina, Brazil
| | - J A Martins
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Av. Dos Pioneiros, 3131, 86036-370, Londrina, Brazil; Affiliated with the Division of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, John Ericssons Väg 1, V-Hus, Lund, Sweden
| | - D S de Almeida
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Av. Dos Pioneiros, 3131, 86036-370, Londrina, Brazil; Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, SP310, 13565-905, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - L D Martins
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Av. Dos Pioneiros, 3131, 86036-370, Londrina, Brazil
| | - A Beal
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Av. Dos Pioneiros, 3131, 86036-370, Londrina, Brazil
| | - R Hallak
- Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E D Freitas
- Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Andrade
- Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 1226, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Foroutan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, 24061, Blacksburg, USA
| | - B H Baek
- George Mason University, College of Science, 4400 University Dr, VA, 22030, Fairfax, USA
| | - T T de A Albuquerque
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Post Graduation Program on Environmental Engineering - Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitória, Brazil.
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Bai Y, Ni Y, Zeng Q. Impact of Ambient Air Quality Standards revision on the exposure-response of air pollution in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111269. [PMID: 33945811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To improve air quality, China issued a new version of Ambient Air Quality Standards in 2012, and Tianjin officially implemented these new standards in 2013. In order to observe whether the atmospheric quality and health had been improved after the release of the new standards, this study compared the exposure-response relationships between pollutant concentrations and daily deaths (and years of life lost, YLL) in the six central districts of Tianjin in 2007-2010 and 2014-2017, which were the two periods around the release of the new standards. The exposure-response coefficients were calculated by using the generalized additive model with the time series data. The results showed that the effects of PM10 and NO2 during 2014-2017 were lower than those during 2007-2010 (PM10: 0.10<0.30, 2.07<4.52; NO2: 0.24<0.87, 6.39<11.98), while the results of SO2 were opposite (SO2: 0.61>0.31, 10.31>1.64). And the excess deaths and YLL caused by the portion of the pollutants that exceeded the new standards also declined (PM10: 156<206 persons, 3493<3913 person-years; NO2: 64<136 persons, 1844<2895 person-years; SO2 did not exceed the new standards). The results proved that the new standards had a certain protective effect on the health of the population in the central districts of Tianjin. These findings may provide evidence for the formulation of public health policies and further improvement and development of the Ambient Air Quality Standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China.
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Seasonal Variation Characteristics of Bacteria and Fungi in PM2.5 in Typical Basin Cities of Xi’an and Linfen, China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms existing in airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have key implications in biogeochemical cycling and human health. In this study, PM2.5 samples, collected in the typical basin cities of Xi’an and Linfen, China, were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing to understand microbial seasonal variation characteristics and ecological functions. For bacteria, the highest richness and diversity were identified in autumn. The bacterial phyla were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Metabolism was the most abundant pathway, with the highest relative abundance found in autumn. Pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, and Delftia) were positively correlated with most disease-related pathways. Besides, C cycling dominated in spring and summer, while N cycling dominated in autumn and winter. The relative abundance of S cycling was highest during winter in Linfen. For fungi, the highest richness was found in summer. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota mainly constituted the fungal phyla. Moreover, temperature (T) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Xi’an, and T, SO2, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Linfen were the key factors affecting microbial community structures, which were associated with different pollution characteristics in Xi’an and Linfen. Overall, these results provide an important reference for the research into airborne microbial seasonal variations, along with their ecological functions and health impacts.
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Mokoena KK, Ethan CJ, Yu Y, Quachie AT. Interaction Effects of Air Pollution and Climatic Factors on Circulatory and Respiratory Mortality in Xi'an, China between 2014 and 2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239027. [PMID: 33287400 PMCID: PMC7729743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that air pollution and climatic factors are major contributors to human morbidity and mortality globally. However, the combined interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on human health remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on circulatory and respiratory mortality in Xi’an, China. Time-series analysis and the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) were employed as the study design and core statistical method. The interaction relative risk (IRR) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) for temperature and Air Quality Index (AQI) interaction on circulatory mortality were 0.973(0.969, 0.977) and −0.055(−0.059, −0.048), respectively; while for relative humidity and AQI interaction, 1.098(1.011, 1.072) and 0.088(0.081, 0.107) respectively, were estimated. Additionally, the IRR and RERI for temperature and AQI interaction on respiratory mortality were 0.805(0.722, 0.896) and −0.235(−0.269, −0.163) respectively, while 1.008(0.965, 1.051) and −0.031(−0.088, 0.025) respectively were estimated for relative humidity and AQI interaction. The interaction effects of climatic factors and AQI were synergistic and antagonistic in relation to circulatory and respiratory mortality, respectively. Interaction between climatic factors and air pollution contributes significantly to circulatory and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Katleho Mokoena
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
- Correspondence: (K.K.M.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-(13)-201561959 (K.K.M.); +86-(13)-087506658 (Y.Y.)
| | - Crystal Jane Ethan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
- Correspondence: (K.K.M.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-(13)-201561959 (K.K.M.); +86-(13)-087506658 (Y.Y.)
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Zhao X, Lu M, An Z, Li J, Li H, Zhao Q, Wu Z, Wu W, Liu Y, Song J. Acute effects of ambient air pollution on hospital outpatients with chronic pharyngitis in Xinxiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1923-1931. [PMID: 32780156 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present results on a time-series study that analyzed the acute effects of six criteria air pollutants on hospital outpatient with chronic pharyngitis (CP) in Xinxiang, China. Data on the concentration of air pollutants and CP outpatient records were collected daily in Xinxiang, China, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018. This study identified 62,823 outpatients with CP. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 are 75.7, 132.1, 33.2, 48.4, 1377, and 59.4 μg/m3, respectively. Further, a 10 μg/m3 increment in the concentration of PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO corresponds to an increase of 0.28% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.53%), 1.10% (95% CI: 0.09-2.11%), 1.82% (95% CI: 0.84-2.80%), and 0.03% (95% CI: 0.01-0.06%) in daily CP hospital outpatients, respectively. Furthermore, results indicated that outpatients under the age of 15 are more susceptible to the air pollutants, excluding O3. Meanwhile, males might be more susceptible, and effect estimates appear slightly stronger in the cool season. Therefore, we should implement effective measures to manage air pollutants and reinforce protection of the high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Zhao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengxue Lu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhineng Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
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Ethan CJ, Mokoena KK, Yu Y, Shale K, Fan Y, Rong J, Liu F. Association between PM 2.5 and mortality of stomach and colorectal cancer in Xi'an: a time-series study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22353-22363. [PMID: 32314282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, fine particulate matter has been associated with several health problems including cancer. However, most studies focused mainly on lung cancer. Stomach and colorectal cancers play significant roles in increasing public health's cancer globally. This study focused on investigating a possible significant association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality due to stomach and colorectal cancer in Xi'an from 2014 to 2016. Using time-series analysis, the study applied both single and multi-pollutant(s) approaches for investigations; PM2.5 was the pollutant of interest. Generalized additive model (GAM) was the core statistical method used with the addition of distributed lag model (DLM) to observe delayed effects. As a single pollutant, PM2.5 was significantly associated with stomach cancer mortality only RR (95%CI): 1.0003 (1.0001, 1.002). For the multi-pollutant analysis, PM2.5 combinations with NO2 were significantly associated with both stomach and colorectal cancer mortality RR (95%CI): 1.0103 (1.009, 1.021) and 1.054 (1.0324, 1.0667), respectively. Also, PM2.5 combination with O3 was significantly associated with colorectal cancer mortality, RR (95%CI): 1.0151 (1.0091, 1.0172), but no association was noted for combination with SO2. Though this study has reported significant associations, it will be beneficial for the public's health if more studies further investigate the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and other cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Jane Ethan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Karabo Shale
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yameng Fan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Rong
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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