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Liu X, Jia F, Lv L, Mao L, Chu T, Wang Y. Joint toxic mechanism of clothianidin and prochloraz in the earthworm (Eisenia fetida). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142250. [PMID: 38710415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are typically present as combinations within soil ecosystems and have detrimental effects on untamed surroundings. However, the collective impacts and fundamental mechanisms of pesticides on soil living beings are currently inadequately assessed. In our current work, we evaluated the interactive consequences of clothianidin (CLO) and prochloraz (PRO) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) using several toxicological tests, such as acute adverse effects, biocatalytic activity, and alterations in transcriptional activity. The findings revealed that CLO (with a 14-day LC50 value of 6.08 mg kg-1) exhibited greater toxicity compared to PRO (with a 14-day LC50 value of 79.41 mg kg-1). Moreover, the combinations of CLO and PRO had synergistic acute effects on E. fetida. Additionally, the activities of POD, CAT, and GST were significantly varied in most instances of single and mixed treatments when compared to the control. Surprisingly, the transcriptional levels of four genes (gst, sod, crt, and ann), related to oxidative load, metabolic detoxification systems, endoplasmic reticulum, and oxytocin neuropeptide, respectively, were also altered in response to single and mixture exposures, as compared to the control. Alterations in enzyme activity and gene transcriptional level could serve as early indicators for detecting co-exposure to pesticides. The findings of this research offered valuable holistic understanding regarding the toxicity of pesticide combinations on earthworms. Further research should be conducted to investigate the persistent effects of pesticide mixtures on terrestrial invertebrates in order to draw definitive conclusions about the associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangzhao Jia
- Zunyi City Company Suiyang Branch, Guizhou Province Tobacco Company, Suiyang, 563300, Guizhou, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianfen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Cui K, Wang J, Ma G, Guan S, Liang J, Fang L, Li T, Dong Z, Ding R, Wu X, Zheng Y. Greenhouse cultivation enhances pesticide bioaccumulation in cowpeas following repeated spraying. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120172. [PMID: 38310799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding pesticide residue patterns in crops is important for ensuring human health. However, data on residue accumulation and distribution in cowpeas grown in the greenhouse and open field are lacking. Our results suggest that acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, cyromazine, and thiamethoxam residues in greenhouse cowpeas were 1.03-15.32 times higher than those in open field cowpeas. Moreover, repeated spraying contributed to the accumulation of pesticide residues in cowpeas. Clothianidin, a thiamethoxam metabolite, was detected at 1.04-86.00 μg/kg in cowpeas. Pesticide residues in old cowpeas were higher than those in tender cowpeas, and the lower half of the plants had higher pesticide residues than did the upper half. Moreover, pesticide residues differed between the upper and lower halves of the same cowpea pod. Chronic and acute dietary risk assessments indicated that the human health risk was within acceptable levels of cowpea consumption. Given their high residue levels and potential accumulation, pesticides in cowpeas should be continuously assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Liang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Fang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Dong
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiyan Ding
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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3
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Wang T, Li T, Ma W, Wang Y, Yao Z, Zhang W, Feng X, Mei J, Lin M. Thiamethoxam dynamics in pepper plants: Deciphering deposition and dissipation pattern across diverse planting modes and regions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115842. [PMID: 38104434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the application dosage of thiamethoxam (TMX), we investigated the deposition and dissipation patterns in a pepper-planted ecosystem under different planting modes across four regions in China, namely Hainan (HN), Zhejiang (ZJ), Anhui (AH) and Hebei (HB). This study focused on the deposition and dissipation of TMX at concentrations of 63.00, 47.25, 31.50, 23.63 and 15.75 g a.i.hm-2. As the application dose increased, the deposition amount of TMX initially increased in the plants and cultivated soil, showing obvious geographic differences in four cultivation areas. Surprisingly, the initial amount of TMX deposited the pepper-cultivated greenhouse of ZJ and AH was 1.1-2.1-fold and 1.0-3.6-fold higher than that in the open field system at the same application dose, respectively. In pepper leaves, stems, fruits and soil, the dissipation exhibited rapid growth and then slowed. However, the residual concentration showed an increasing trend, followed by a subsequent decrease in the pepper roots. In different planting regions, the dissipation rate of TMX followed the order HN > ZJ > AH > HB in pepper plants and cultivated soil. In comparison to the open field, the total TMX retention rate in greenhouse was higher, indicating overall greater persistence in the greenhouse conditions. These findings reveal the deposition and dissipation characteristics of TMX within the pepper-field ecosystem, offering a significant contribution to the risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318026, China
| | - Tongxin Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weibin Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yue Wang
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318026, China
| | - Zhoulin Yao
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318026, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318026, China
| | - Xianju Feng
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318026, China
| | - Jiajia Mei
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318026, China.
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Yu XR, Tariq T, Guo LH, Wu SY, Tang LD, Zang LS. Assessing the effectiveness of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam via root irrigation against Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its residual effects on cowpea. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1767-1775. [PMID: 37652051 PMCID: PMC10564265 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) applied by seed-treatment or root application have emerged as a prevalent strategy for early-season insect pest management. This research investigated the effectiveness of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, administered through root irrigation, in managing thrips in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.], and the residual properties of both insecticides in cowpea and soil. The results show that thrips density depends on the application rate of insecticides. At the maximum application rate (1,500 µg/ml, active ingredient), imidacloprid and thiamethoxam controlled thrips densities below the economic injury level (EIL, the EIL of thrips on cowpea was 7/flower) for 20 days and 25 days with the density of 6.90 and 6.93/flower at the end of the periods, respectively. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam residues decreased gradually over time and decreased sharply after 15 days after treatment (DAT), the 2 insecticides were not detected (<0.001 mg/kg) at 45 DAT. According to our findings, the application of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam via root irrigation proved residual control lasting up to 20-25 days for controlling thrips damage at experimental rates, with a strong association to their residual presence in cowpea (0.6223 < R2 < 0.9545). Considering the persistence of the imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, the maximum tested application rate (1,500 µg/ml) was recommended. As the residues of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were undetectable in cowpea pods at all tested rates, it may be suggested that the use of each insecticide is safe for consumers and effective against thrips, and could be considered for integrated thrips management in the cowpea ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Talha Tariq
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ling-Hang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Liang-De Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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Wang X, Wu H, Yang K, Fang N, Wen H, Zhang C, Wang X, Pan D. Dissipation Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam, Pyraclostrobin, and Their Metabolites in Home-Style Pickled Cowpea. Foods 2023; 12:3337. [PMID: 37761046 PMCID: PMC10527991 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the fate of two pesticides commonly used on cowpeas, thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin, during the preparation of home-made pickled cowpeas was investigated using an improved QuEChERS method combined with UHPLC-MS/MS. Although pesticide residues were primarily distributed on cowpea samples, some were transferred to brine. The dissipation half-life of thiamethoxam on cowpea samples was significantly shorter than that of pyraclostrobin due to thiamethoxam's higher water solubility. Thiamethoxam demonstrated a half-life of 5.12 ± 0.66 days, whereas pyraclostrobin exhibited a longer half-life of 71.46 ± 7.87 days. In addition, the degradation half-lives of these two pesticides in the whole system (cowpea and brine) were 45.01 ± 4.99 and 70.51 ± 5.91 days, respectively. This result indicates that the pickling did not effectively promote the degradation of thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin. The metabolite clothianidin of thiamethoxam was not produced throughout the pickling process, but the metabolite BF 500-3 of pyraclostrobin was detected in cowpea samples. The detection rates for thiamethoxam, pyraclostrobin, and BF 500-3 in the 20 market samples were 10%, 70%, and 45%, respectively. However, the risk quotient analysis indicated that the risk of dietary intake of thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin in pickled cowpeas by Chinese consumers was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumi Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (H.W.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (K.Y.); (N.F.); (H.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Huanqi Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (H.W.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (K.Y.); (N.F.); (H.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Kongtan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (K.Y.); (N.F.); (H.W.); (C.Z.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Nan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (K.Y.); (N.F.); (H.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (K.Y.); (N.F.); (H.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (K.Y.); (N.F.); (H.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (K.Y.); (N.F.); (H.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Daodong Pan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (X.W.); (H.W.)
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Silva FWL, de Oliveira GB, Archanjo BS, Braz BF, Santelli RE, Ribeiro ES, Cincotto FH. Development of an electrochemical sensor based on ternary oxide SiO 2/Al 2O 3/SnO 2 modified with carbon black for direct determination of clothianidin in environmental and food samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:3874-3884. [PMID: 37498592 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00732d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the development of an electrochemical sensor, denoted as GCE/CB/SiAlSn, based on the modification of a glassy carbon electrode surface with the ternary oxide SiO2/Al2O3/SnO2 associated with carbon black, for direct determination of the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin in different matrices, such as environmental and food samples. Morphological characterization by the scanning electron microscopy technique, electroanalytical analyses using the cyclic voltammetry technique and differential pulse voltammetry are presented which demonstrated that the developed electrochemical platform presents high sensitivity in the electroanalytical clothianidin determination. The linear range studied was from 2.99 × 10-7 to 6.04 × 10-5 mol L-1, with an LOD of 2.47 nmol L-1. This high sensitivity was explained using the synergistic relationship between carbon black and ternary oxide that maximized the electroactive surface area of the GCE/CB/SiAlSn sensor. Interferent studies were performed that showed high selectivity of the sensor to the pesticide in the presence of Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Mg2+ and carbendazim, glyphosate, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam pesticides. The sensor was applied to real samples of tap water and apple juice obtaining recoveries from 91.0% to 103.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Walison Lima Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Barros de Oliveira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Braulio Soares Archanjo
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Inmetro-Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Ferreira Braz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science & Technology of Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Emerson Schwingel Ribeiro
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Toxicological Assessment and Removal of Micro Pollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, National Institute of Alternative Technologies for Detection, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Cincotto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science & Technology of Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, Brazil
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Li L, Liang H, Pan W, Yin S, Cao J, Li J. Translocation and dissipation of thiamethoxam applied by root irrigation in tomato plant-soil system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93285-93294. [PMID: 37505385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (TMX) has been registered for use on a wide range of crops due to its versatile application methods, however, there is limited literature evaluating the residue behaviors of TMX applied through root irrigation. In this study, the uptake and translocation of TMX, its degradation to clothianidin (CLO), and dissipation in the tomato plant-soil system were conducted. TMX applied by root irrigation was transferable within the tomato plant, including stems, leaves, and fruits at different heights. TMX concentrations in the four sections of stems were ordered as Clower > Cmid > Cupper > Ctop, while in the leaves were ordered as Ctop > Cupper > Cmid > Clower. The degradation product CLO was detected in the tomato plant, and concentrations of CLO were even higher than those of TMX in the leaves. The translocation factor (TF) of TMX in the same section generally followed the order of TFleaf > TFstem > TFfruit. Residues of TMX and CLO in tomato on 7 days after application were below maximum residue limits (MRLs) in China and Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). This study promotes the evaluation of TMX applied through root irrigation for use in the tomato system from a dietary safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Shijie Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Junli Cao
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
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8
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Xu M, Hu J. Residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam, flonicamid and their metabolites in cucumber under field conditions in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55471-55484. [PMID: 36892702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam and flonicamid are two representative insecticides of neonicotinoids which are used to treat cucumber aphids, causing food safety and human health problems. A 60% thiamethoxam-flonicamid commercial mixture water dispersible granule (WDG) is being prepared for registering in China, so it is essential to investigate the residue levels of these neonicotinoids and their metabolites in cucumber and evaluate the dietary risks of these insecticides. We developed a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin, flonicamid and its metabolites 4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid (TFNA), 4-trifluoromethilnicotinamide (TFNA-AM), 4-(trifluoromethyl) nicotinol glycine (TFNG) in cucumber. Method validation indicated good selectivity, linearity (r ≥ 0.9996), accuracy (recoveries of 80-101%), precision (relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 9.1%), sensitivity (limits of detection (LOD), 0.28-1.44 × 10-3 mg/L; limits of quantification (LOQ), 0.01 mg/kg) and minor matrix effect (ME) ( ≤|± 5%|). In the terminal residue trials under good agricultural practice (GAP) conditions, the residue levels of six analytes in cucumber samples were ˂0.01-0.215 mg/kg after application trice with an interval of 7 days based on pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 3 days under the high recommended dosage of 54 g active ingredient/ha (g a.i./ha). Relevant toxicological, residual chemistry parameters and dietary consumption of the residents were applied to assess the potential risk of dietary exposure. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessment risk quotient (RQ) values were less than 1. The above results indicated that the potential dietary intake risk of this formulation was negligible to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Xu
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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Li M, Wang Q, Li X, Yue N, Jin M, Zheng L, Wang J, Jin F. Different dissipation potential and dietary risk assessment of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates in cowpea ecosystem in China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1036025. [PMID: 36337636 PMCID: PMC9626860 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSPEOn) are widely used as inert ingredients in pesticide formulations in the world. However, the information on the dissipation behavior of different homologs TSPEOn in agro-products is lacking. To investigate the dissipation behavior of TSPEOn, a cowpea field experiment treated with TSPEOn at different doses was carried out in Guangdong province, China. Different 24 TSPEO homologs were all detected in cowpea from the field terminal residue experiments, and the total concentrations of TSPEO homologs in cowpea were 40.0–1,374 μg/kg. The dissipation half-lives of 24 TSPEO homologs in soil were 1.51–2.35 times longer than those in cowpea. The long-chain homologs TSPEOn were dissipated faster than the short-chain homologs TSPEOn, suggesting a homolog-specific degradation of the TSPEOn in the cowpea ecosystem. The characteristic bimodal profiles of TSPEOn (n = 6–29) differing from that of the commercial TSPEOn were observed in the cowpea terminal residues experiment, indicating that the long-chain TSPEOn would degrade to short-chain TSPEOn in cowpea and soil. The acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of ΣTSPEOn in cowpea are within acceptable margins for human consumption across different ages and genders. But the health risks to children should be noticed in future.
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Li L, Liang H, Zhao T, Liu Y, Yan S, Zhu W. Differential effects of thiamethoxam and clothianidin exposure on their tissue distribution and chronic toxicity in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110149. [PMID: 36084723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The frequent application of second-generation neonicotinoids thiamethoxam (TMX) and clothianidin (CLO) has led to a high detectable rate in environment samples and poses threats to nontarget organisms and human beings, however, the information on the influences of long-term exposure at low doses was limited. In this study, the tissue distribution of TMX and CLO in mice at acceptable daily intake (ADI) level and 5 × ADI was determined and the health effects were assessed. TMX and CLO were detected in the liver, serum, lung, heart and kidney in the TMX exposure groups, which indicated that TMX degraded to CLO in mice. Residue levels of TMX in tissues increased with the increasing of doses. The concentrations of CLO in different tissues in the CLO exposure groups were in the order Ckidney > Clung > Cheart > Cliver. Measurement of biochemical indicators, combined with metabolomic analysis of liver, kidney, and cecal contents, examination of changes in the gut microbiota, and histopathological assessment indicated that both TMX and CLO affected energy absorption and lipid metabolism in mice and destroyed tissue structures. Furthermore, we found that CLO had a stronger effect on metabolism in mice, despite its lower acute toxicity. These results have prompted us to consider the chronic toxicity and potential hazards of chemicals in future risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, PR China.
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Sen Yan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
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11
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Wu Y, Guo K, Zhao J, Duan Q, Wang F, Lu K. Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of clothianidin using reduced graphene oxide-anionic pillar[6]arene composite film. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Liu D. Multi-residue analysis, dissipation behavior, and final residues of four insecticides in supervised eggplant field. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1086-1099. [PMID: 35537031 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the residues of four insecticides, spirotetramat, flonicamid, thiamethoxam, and tolfenpyrad, and their metabolites, including spirotetramat-enol, spirotetramat-mono-hydroxy, spirotetramat-keto-hydroxy, spirotetramat-enol-glucoside, 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide, 4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid, N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycine, and clothianidin, were assessed using a single analysis method. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile, then purified by dispersive solid phase extraction and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The average recovery rate of 12 target compounds was 73.5-103.7%, the relative standard deviation was 1.1-18.3%, and the limit of quantification was 0.01-0.05 mg/kg. The results showed good linearity (R2 >0.99), meeting the requirements of the pesticide residue analysis. The dissipation half-lives of the four insecticides in eggplant were 3.4-14.5 days. After the last applications at 7 and 10 days, the final residues of the four insecticides in eggplant were <0.01-0.21, 0.085-0.26, <0.05-0.078, and <0.01-0.21 mg/kg, respectively. The dissipation and final residue results could provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of four insecticides in eggplant fields.HighlightsHPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of four insecticides and their metabolites in eggplant fields.The dissipation dynamics and final residue of the target compounds in field eggplant were studied.Guidance for the safe use of four insecticides on eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanling Zhao
- Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072209. [PMID: 35408608 PMCID: PMC9000691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residues pose a potential threat to human health. This study aims to investigate the residue behavior and acute dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin on spinach. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). At spike levels from 0.01 to 5 mg kg−1, the average recoveries of both analytes were in the range of 94.5−105.5%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.8−10.9%. The dissipation behavior of thiamethoxam followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of ≤1.6 days. Clothianidin appeared readily as a plant metabolite with highest level exhibited during 3 to 5 days after application. Temperature and light may be two main factors for degradation of thiamethoxam. Besides, acute risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin was evaluated with risk quotients (RQs) <100%, which suggested a low health risk for all consumer groups of Chinese residents.
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Feng L, Duan J, Wang K, Huang L, Xiao G. Robotic written silver ink on photographic paper for detection of thiram residues in fruits. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120724. [PMID: 34906843 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread application of pesticide in agriculture, pesticide residues in food have posed serious health risks to human. There is an urgent requirement to detect pesticide residues in food. In this work, a sensitive and effective method was employed to measure thiram residues in fruit using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. Silver ink was written on photographic paper (AgNPs-photographic paper) directly by robotic writing technique. The AgNPs-photographic paper substrates possessed good SERS activities and high stability among four months. A good linear response between the peaks intensities and the logarithmic concentrations of thiram was obtained with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.024 ppb. The substrates also exhibited excellent reproducibility with relative standard deviation (RSD) value less than 10% from ten different substrates. SERS mapping was tested to characterize the uniformity of AgNPs-photographic paper, and the RSD value was calculated to be 14.34% at 1377 cm-1 measured by 120 points. The LOD values of apple and peach juice adulterated with thiram were 0.0024 and 0.024 ppm, respectively. The LOD values of thiram residues on apple and peach peels were both 0.25 ng/cm2. It was demonstrated that the substrates prepared by robotic writing technique had great potential for practical application in food safety inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiu Feng
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Junli Duan
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Guina Xiao
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China.
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You T, Ding Y, Chen H, Song G, Huang L, Wang M, Hua X. Development of competitive and noncompetitive immunoassays for clothianidin with high sensitivity and specificity using phage-displayed peptides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:128011. [PMID: 34896720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Clothianidin is a widely used pesticide that has been banned from outdoor use by the European Union due to its toxicity. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of existing clothianidin immunoassays, we developed competitive and noncompetitive immunoassays for clothianidin based on phage-displayed peptides. Cyclic 8-, 9-, and 10-residue peptide libraries were constructed using an optimized phagemid pComb-pVIII to prevent the loss of theoretical library diversity. Twenty-eight peptidomimetics and two anti-immunocomplex peptides were isolated through a blended panning process and used to develop competitive and noncompetitive phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (P-ELISAs), respectively. After optimization, the half inhibition concentration (IC50) and half saturation concentration (SC50) of competitive and noncompetitive P-ELISAs were 3.83 ± 0.23 and 0.45 ± 0.02 ng/mL, respectively. Competitive P-ELISA showed 2.6-18.2% cross-reactivity with imidaclothiz, nitenpyram and imidacloprid. Importantly, noncompetitive P-ELISA, which has the best specificity and great sensitivity for clothianidin, showed no cross-reactivity with the analogs. The average recoveries of competitive and noncompetitive P-ELISAs were 73.8-104.1% and 76.6-102.2%, respectively, while the relative standard deviations were ≤ 11.0%. In addition, the results of P-ELISAs in the analysis of blind samples were consistent with those of high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang You
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - He Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangyue Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianrun Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiude Hua
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Li KL, Chen WY, Zhang M, Luo XW, Liu Y, Zhang DY, Chen A. Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin for Chinese consumption of Chinese kale. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:417-424. [PMID: 34143904 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamethoxam is widely used to control pests in Chinese kale, popularly consumed leafy vegetables. The potential risk to the environment and human health has aroused much public concern. Therefore, it is important to investigate the degradation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale. RESULTS A sensitive analytical method for determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residue in Chinese kale was established and validated through a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The recoveries were 85.4-101.2% for thiamethoxam and 79.5-108.1% for clothianidin, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9-10.2% and 1.8-6.0%, respectively. For the dissipation kinetics, the data showed that thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was degraded with the half-lives of 4.1 to 4.5 days. In the terminal residue experiments, the residues of thiamethoxam were 0.017-0.357 mg kg-1 after application 2-3 times with a preharvest interval (PHI) of 7 days under the designed dosages. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessment risk quotient (RQ) values of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale for different Chinese consumers were 0.08-0.19% and 0.05-0.12%, respectively, and those of clothianidin were 0.01-0.04% and 0.02-0.04%, respectively, all of the RQ values were lower than 100%. CONCLUSION Thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was rapidly degraded following first-order kinetics models. The dietary risk of thiamethoxam and clothianidin through Chinese kale was negligible to consumers. The results from this study are important reference for Chinese governments to developing criteria for the safe and rational use of thiamethoxam, setting maximum residue levels (MRLs), monitoring the quality safety of agricultural products and protecting consumer health. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Long Li
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Wu-Ying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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