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Denney DA, Patel P, Anderson JT. Elevated [CO 2] and temperature augment gas exchange and shift the fitness landscape in a montane forb. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:58-71. [PMID: 38655662 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is simultaneously increasing carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) and temperature. These factors could interact to influence plant physiology and performance. Alternatively, increased [CO2] may offset costs associated with elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the interaction between elevated temperature and [CO2] may differentially affect populations from along an elevational gradient and disrupt local adaptation. We conducted a multifactorial growth chamber experiment to examine the interactive effects of temperature and [CO2] on fitness and ecophysiology of diverse accessions of Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae) sourced from a broad elevational gradient in Colorado. We tested whether increased [CO2] would enhance photosynthesis across accessions, and whether warmer conditions would depress the fitness of high-elevation accessions owing to steep reductions in temperature with increasing elevation in this system. Elevational clines in [CO2] are not as evident, making it challenging to predict how locally adapted ecotypes will respond to elevated [CO2]. This experiment revealed that elevated [CO2] increased photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency across all accessions. However, these instantaneous responses to treatments did not translate to changes in fitness. Instead, increased temperatures reduced the probability of reproduction for all accessions. Elevated [CO2] and increased temperatures interacted to shift the adaptive landscape, favoring lower elevation accessions for the probability of survival and fecundity. Our results suggest that elevated temperatures and [CO2] associated with climate change could have severe negative consequences, especially for high-elevation populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Denney
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Rakhmankulova Z, Shuyskaya E, Prokofieva M, Toderich K, Saidova L, Lunkova N, Voronin P. Drought Has a Greater Negative Effect on the Growth of the C 3Chenopodium quinoa Crop Halophyte than Elevated CO 2 and/or High Temperature. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1666. [PMID: 38931098 PMCID: PMC11207731 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are predicted to be affected by rising CO2 concentrations, drought and temperature stress. The C3 crop model in a changing climate is Chenopodium quinoa Willd-a protein-rich pseudohalphyte (Amaranthaceae). Morphophysiological, biochemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on quinoa grown at ambient (400 ppm, aCO2) and elevated (800 ppm, eCO2) CO2 concentrations, drought (D) and/or high temperature (eT) treatments. Among the single factors, drought caused the greatest stress response, inducing disturbances in the light and dark photosynthesis reactions (PSII, apparent photosynthesis) and increasing oxidative stress (MDA). Futhermore, compensation mechanisms played an important protective role against eT or eCO2. The disruption of the PSII function was accompanied by the activation of the expression of PGR5, a gene of PSI cyclic electron transport (CET). Wherein under these conditions, the constant Rubisco content was maintained due to an increase in its biosynthesis, which was confirmed by the activation of rbcL gene expression. In addition, the combined stress treatments D+eT and eCO2+D+eT caused the greatest negative effect, as measured by increased oxidative stress, decreased water use efficiency, and the functioning of protective mechanisms, such as photorespiration and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, decreased PSII efficiency and increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were not accompanied by the activation of protective mechanisms involving PSI CET. In summary, results show that the greatest stress experienced by C. quinoa plants was caused by drought and the combined stresses D+eT and eCO2+D+eT. Thus, drought consistently played a decisive role, leading to increased oxidative stress and a decrease in defense mechanism effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfira Rakhmankulova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Elena Shuyskaya
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Maria Prokofieva
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Kristina Toderich
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Luizat Saidova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Nina Lunkova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Pavel Voronin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (Z.R.); (E.S.); (M.P.); (L.S.); (N.L.)
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Li S, Agathokleous E, Li S, Xu Y, Xia J, Feng Z. Climate gradient and leaf carbon investment influence the effects of climate change on water use efficiency of forests: A meta-analysis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1070-1083. [PMID: 38018689 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems cover a large area of the global land surface and are important carbon sinks. The water-carbon cycles of forests are prone to climate change, but uncertainties remain regarding the magnitude of water use efficiency (WUE) response to climate change and the underpinning mechanism driving WUE variation. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2 ), drought and elevated temperature (eT) on the leaf- to plant-level WUE, covering 80 field studies and 95 tree species. The results showed that eCO2 increased leaf intrinsic and instantaneous WUE (WUEi, WUEt), whereas drought enhanced both leaf- and plant-level WUEs. eT increased WUEi but decreased carbon isotope-based WUE, possibly due to the influence of mesophyll conductance. Stimulated leaf-level WUE by drought showed a progressing trend with increasing latitude, while eCO2 -induced WUE enhancement showed decreasing trends after >40° N. These latitudinal gradients might influence the spatial pattern of climate and further drove WUE variation. Moreover, high leaf-level WUE under eCO2 and drought was accompanied by low leaf carbon contents. Such a trade-off between growth efficiency and defence suggests a potentially compromised tolerance to diseases and pests. These findings add important ecophysiological parameters into climate models to predict carbon-water cycles of forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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da Silva Fortirer J, Grandis A, Pagliuso D, de Toledo Castanho C, Buckeridge MS. Meta-analysis of the responses of tree and herb to elevated CO 2 in Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15832. [PMID: 37739974 PMCID: PMC10517018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The CO2 concentration has increased in the atmosphere due to fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and land-use changes. Brazil represents one of the primary sources of food on the planet and is also the world's largest tropical rainforest, one of the hot spots of biodiversity in the world. In this work, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare several CO2 Brazilian experiments displaying the diversity of plant responses according to life habits, such as trees (79% natives and 21% cultivated) and herbs (33% natives and 67% cultivated). We found that trees and herbs display different responses. The young trees tend to allocate carbon from increased photosynthetic rates and lower respiration in the dark-to organ development, increasing leaves, roots, and stem biomasses. In addition, more starch is accumulated in the young trees, denoting a fine control of carbon metabolism through carbohydrate storage. Herbs increased drastically in water use efficiency, controlled by stomatal conductance, with more soluble sugars, probably with a transient accumulation of carbon primarily stored in seeds as a response to elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina da Silva Fortirer
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco, Botany Department, Biosciences Institute at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco, Botany Department, Biosciences Institute at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Pagliuso
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco, Botany Department, Biosciences Institute at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco, Botany Department, Biosciences Institute at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liu S, Zenda T, Tian Z, Huang Z. Metabolic pathways engineering for drought or/and heat tolerance in cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1111875. [PMID: 37810398 PMCID: PMC10557149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+H), by imposing various negative impacts on plant physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this decreases overall cereal crop production and impacts global food availability and human nutrition. To achieve global food and nutrition security vis-a-vis global climate change, deployment of new strategies for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and higher nutritive value in cereals is imperative. This depends on first gaining a mechanistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying D/+H stress response. Meanwhile, functional genomics has revealed several stress-related genes that have been successfully used in target-gene approach to generate stress-tolerant cultivars and sustain crop productivity over the past decades. However, the fast-changing climate, coupled with the complexity and multigenic nature of D/+H tolerance suggest that single-gene/trait targeting may not suffice in improving such traits. Hence, in this review-cum-perspective, we advance that targeted multiple-gene or metabolic pathway manipulation could represent the most effective approach for improving D/+H stress tolerance. First, we highlight the impact of D/+H stress on cereal crops, and the elaborate plant physiological and molecular responses. We then discuss how key primary metabolism- and secondary metabolism-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, starch metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis, and phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling can be modified using modern molecular biotechnology approaches such as CRISPR-Cas9 system and synthetic biology (Synbio) to enhance D/+H tolerance in cereal crops. Understandably, several bottlenecks hinder metabolic pathway modification, including those related to feedback regulation, gene functional annotation, complex crosstalk between pathways, and metabolomics data and spatiotemporal gene expressions analyses. Nonetheless, recent advances in molecular biotechnology, genome-editing, single-cell metabolomics, and data annotation and analysis approaches, when integrated, offer unprecedented opportunities for pathway engineering for enhancing crop D/+H stress tolerance and improved yield. Especially, Synbio-based strategies will accelerate the development of climate resilient and nutrient-dense cereals, critical for achieving global food security and combating malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zaimin Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Li L, Li J, Wang X, Wang W, Leung F, Liu X, Wang C. Growth reduction and alteration of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) allocation in a sympodial bamboo (Indocalamus decorus) under atmospheric O 3 enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154096. [PMID: 35218839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regional increases in atmospheric O3, mainly produced photochemically from anthropogenic precursor gases, have phytotoxicity due to its strong oxidizing properties. To determine the response of bamboo physiology to elevated O3 levels, three-year-old dwarf bamboo (Indocalamus decorus) clones were exposed to three O3 concentrations (Ambient-AA, 21.3 to 80.9 ppb in the daytime; -AA+70, 70 ppb O3 above ambient; -AA+140, 140 ppb O3 above ambient) in open-top chambers for one growing season in Beijing, China. Gas exchange, biomass, growth, soluble sugar, and starch contents were examined at the end of the experiment. Our findings indicated that: (1) elevated O3 treatments decreased the photosynthesis rate, total biomass, and bud numbers but increased individual bud biomass and rhizome bud to rhizome biomass ratio. The most severe reduction was observed in new rhizome biomass (35.9% reduction in AA+70 and 57.2% reduction in AA+140), whereas individual bud biomass increased by 50% and 75% in the AA+70 and AA+140 groups compared with AA, respectively; (2) the starch contents in the rhizome decreased by 28.4%, whereas soluble sugar increased by 38.1% in the AA+140 rhizome buds compared to AA; (3) only the culm numbers of pachymorph rhizomes (clumped) decreased, whereas no changes in leptomorph rhizomes were observed. However, the mean distance between two ramets was lengthened by 49.4% and 86.5% in AA+70 and AA+140, respectively. In conclusion, Indocalamus decorus allocated more nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) from the rhizome to the buds to form stronger buds and ensure the survival of newer generations as a high priority in response to O3 exposure. Indocalamus decorus may be conducive to escaping from disadvantaged habitats and decreasing resource competition by lengthening the distance between two ramets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Felix Leung
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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Rivero RM, Mittler R, Blumwald E, Zandalinas SI. Developing climate-resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:373-389. [PMID: 34482588 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, and flooding, negatively affecting crop yields and causing food shortages. Climate change is also altering the composition and behavior of different insect and pathogen populations adding to yield losses worldwide. Additional constraints to agriculture are caused by the increasing amounts of human-generated pollutants, as well as the negative impact of climate change on soil microbiomes. Although in the laboratory, we are trained to study the impact of individual stress conditions on plants, in the field many stresses, pollutants, and pests could simultaneously or sequentially affect plants, causing conditions of stress combination. Because climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of such stress combination events (e.g., heat waves combined with drought, flooding, or other abiotic stresses, pollutants, and/or pathogens), a concentrated effort is needed to study how stress combination is affecting crops. This need is particularly critical, as many studies have shown that the response of plants to stress combination is unique and cannot be predicted from simply studying each of the different stresses that are part of the stress combination. Strategies to enhance crop tolerance to a particular stress may therefore fail to enhance tolerance to this specific stress, when combined with other factors. Here we review recent studies of stress combinations in different plants and propose new approaches and avenues for the development of stress combination- and climate change-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Rivero
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, CEBAS-CSIC, Ed 25, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
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Wedow JM, Ainsworth EA, Li S. Plant biochemistry influences tropospheric ozone formation, destruction, deposition, and response. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:992-1002. [PMID: 34303585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is among the most damaging air pollutant to plants. Plants alter the atmospheric O3 concentration in two distinct ways: (i) by the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are precursors of O3; and (ii) by dry deposition, which includes diffusion of O3 into vegetation through stomata and destruction by nonstomatal pathways. Isoprene, monoterpenes, and higher terpenoids are emitted by plants in quantities that alter tropospheric O3. Deposition of O3 into vegetation is related to stomatal conductance, leaf structural traits, and the detoxification capacity of the apoplast. The biochemical fate of O3 once it enters leaves and reacts with aqueous surfaces is largely unknown, but new techniques for the tracking and identification of initial products have the potential to open the black box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Wedow
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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