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Fulke AB, Ratanpal S, Sonker S. Understanding heavy metal toxicity: Implications on human health, marine ecosystems and bioremediation strategies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116707. [PMID: 39018825 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are constituents of the natural environment and are of great importance to both natural and artificial processes. But in recent times the indiscriminate use of heavy metals especially for human purposes has caused an imbalance in natural geochemical cycles. This imbalance has caused contamination of heavy metals into natural resources and such as soil and a marine ecosystem. Long exposure and higher accumulation of given heavy metals are known to impose detrimental and even lethal effects on humans. Conventional remediation techniques of heavy metals provide good results but have negative side effects on surrounding environment. The role played by microbes in bioremediation of heavy metals is well reported in the literature and understanding the role of molecules in the process of metal accumulation its reduction and transformation into less hazardous state, has myriads of biotechnological implications for bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. The current review presents the implications of heavy metals on human health and marine ecosystems, conventional methods of heavy metal removal and their side effects on the environment. Bioremediation approaches have been discussed as well in this review, proving to be a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach towards remediation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay B Fulke
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai 400053, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Siddant Ratanpal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Swati Sonker
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Regional Centre, Lokhandwala Road, Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai 400053, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Saravanan P, Saravanan V, Rajeshkannan R, Arnica G, Rajasimman M, Baskar G, Pugazhendhi A. Comprehensive review on toxic heavy metals in the aquatic system: sources, identification, treatment strategies, and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119440. [PMID: 38906448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in water sources has become a major worldwide environmental issue, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The pollution of the aquatic environment is increasing as a result of industrialization, climate change, and urban development. The sources of heavy metal pollution in water include mining waste, leachates from landfills, municipal and industrial wastewater, urban runoff, and natural events such as volcanism, weathering, and rock abrasion. Heavy metal ions are toxic and potentially carcinogenic. They can also buildup in biological systems and cause bioaccumulation even at low levels of exposure, heavy metals can cause harm to organs such as the nervous system, liver and lungs, kidneys and stomach, skin, and reproductive systems. There were various approaches tried to purify water and maintain water quality. The main purpose of this article was to investigate the occurrence and fate of the dangerous contaminants (Heavy metal and metalloids) found in domestic and industrial effluents. This effluent mixes with other water streams and is used for agricultural activities and other domestic activities further complicating the issue. It also discussed conventional and non-conventional treatment methods for heavy metals from aquatic environments. Conclusively, a pollution assessment of heavy metals and a human health risk assessment of heavy metals in water resources have been explained. In addition, there have been efforts to focus on heavy metal sequestration from industrial waste streams and to create a scientific framework for reducing heavy metal discharges into the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchamoorthy Saravanan
- Department of Petrochemical Technology, UCE - BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
| | - V Saravanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - R Rajeshkannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - G Arnica
- Department of Petrochemical Technology, UCE - BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - M Rajasimman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Gurunathan Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Radfard M, Hashemi H, Baghapour MA, Samaei MR, Yunesian M, Soleimani H, Azhdarpoor A. Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province, Iran. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19080. [PMID: 37925586 PMCID: PMC10625539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals in contaminated drinking water is strongly correlated with various cancers, highlighting the burden of disease. This study aimed to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in drinking water of Fars province and evaluate the attributed burden of disease. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment was performed using the hazard quotient (HQ) method, while the carcinogenic risk assessment utilized the excess lifetime cancer risk approach. The burden of disease was evaluated in terms of years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for three specific cancers: skin, lung, and kidney cancer. The average drinking water concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were determined to be 0.72, 0.4, 1.10 and 0.72 μg/L, respectively. The total average HQ of heavy metals in drinking water in the study area were 0.127, 0.0047, 0.0009 and 0.0069, respectively. The average ILCRs of heavy metal in the entire country were in the following order: 1.15 × 10-5 for As, 2.22 × 10-7 for Cd and 3.41 × 10-7 for Cr. The results also indicated that among the various counties analyzed, Fasa experiences the greatest burden of disease in terms of DALYs, with a value of 87.56, specifically attributed to cancers caused by exposure to arsenic. Generally, it can be said that the burden of disease is a critical aspect of public health that requires comprehensive understanding and effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Radfard
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Baghapour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Soleimani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zheng X, Zhong Z, Xu Y, Lin X, Cao Z, Yan Q. Response of heavy-metal and antibiotic resistance genes and their related microbe in rice paddy irrigated with treated municipal wastewaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165249. [PMID: 37406708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Paddy irrigation with secondary effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) is a well-established practice to alleviate water scarcity. However, the reuse might lead to more complicated contamination caused by interactions between residual antibiotics in effluents and heavy metals in paddy soil. To date, no information is available for the potential effects of dual stress of heavy metals and antibiotics on heavy-metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, this study investigated the response of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes, and related microorganisms to the dual threat of antibiotics and heavy metals under the long-term MWTP effluent irrigation for rice paddy using metagenome. The results showed that there was not a negative effect on rice consumption if MWTP effluent was used to irrigate rice for a long time. The concentration of antibiotics could reshape the ARGs and MRG profiles in rice paddy soil. The findings revealed the co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs in rice paddy soils, thus highlighting the need for simultaneous elimination of antibiotics and heavy metals to effectively reduce ARGs and MRGs. Acn and sul1 genes encoding Iron and sulfonamides resistance mechanisms are the most abundant MRG and ARG, respectively. Network analysis revealed the possibility that IntI1 plays a role in the co-transmission of MRG and ARG to host microbes, and that Proteobacteria are the most dominant hosts for MRG, ARG, and integrons. The presence of antibiotics in irrigated MWTP effluents has been found to stimulate the proliferation of heavy metal and antibiotic resistances by altering soil microbial communities. This study will enhance our comprehension of the co-selection between ARGs and MRGs, as well as reveal the concealed environmental impacts of combined pollution. The obtained results have important implications for food safety and human health in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zheng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhong
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
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Li C, Fan X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Dang Y, Cui Y. Can the development of renewable energy in China compensate for the damage caused by environmental pollution to residents' health? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92636-92650. [PMID: 37491496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
China's rapid economic growth in recent decades has caused a growing problem of environmental pollution, which negatively impacts the physical and mental health of residents. In recent years, renewable energy has emerged as a promising solution to alleviate environmental pollution and improve residents' well-being. However, it is unknown whether renewable energy development can counterbalance the health impacts of environmental pollution. Therefore, we conducted a study using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to examine the impact of environmental pollution and renewable energy on the health of 20,694 residents. Our analysis showed that renewable energy development can partially offset the negative health effects of environmental pollution. Specifically, we found that a 1% increase in environmental pollution is linked to an average decrease of 0.0911% in physical health (PHY) and 0.0566% in mental health (MEN), whereas each 1% rise in renewable energy corresponds to an average increase of 0.2585% in PHY and 0.1847% in MEN. These positive effects apply to male and female residents, urban and rural residents, young and middle-aged adults, and people with low, medium, and high levels of education. These findings are significant for decision-makers striving to improve Chinese residents' physical and mental health by considering the specific impact of renewable energy and comprehensive environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Li
- School of Big Data Application and Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Green Development Strategy Research Institute in Western China, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiangbo Fan
- School of Big Data Application and Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Foreign Studies, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zuogong Wang
- Green Development Strategy Research Institute in Western China, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yunxiao Dang
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuanzheng Cui
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Hassan HB, Moniruzzaman M, Majumder RK, Ahmed F, Quaiyum Bhuiyan MA, Ahsan MA, Al-Asad H. Impacts of seasonal variations and wastewater discharge on river quality and associated human health risks: A case of northwest Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18171. [PMID: 37519722 PMCID: PMC10372231 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface water pollution caused by the discharge of effluents from industrial estates has become a major concern for Dhaka (Bangladesh). This study aims to have a concise look at the severe river water pollution, mainly from effluents discharged from the tannery village. Effluent samples were collected from five ejected points, including the central effluent treatment plant (CETP), twenty adjacent river water, and two pond water nearby Hemayetpur, Savar. Thirty-one parameters have been observed at these sampling points for three seasons, from April 2021 to January 2022. The results obtained from water quality indices, i.e., water quality index (WQI), entropy water quality index (EWQI), and irrigation water quality index (IWQI), show that most studied surface water samples ranked "unsuitable" for consumption, irrigation, and anthropogenic purposes. The highest health risk was observed downstream of Hemayetpur city at the Savar CETP discharge site, indicating higher levels of heavy metal in the river water following the tannery village. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risks could be triggered mainly by water consumption as concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) exceeded the upper benchmark of 1 × 10-4 for adults and children. The results of the carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that children were more vulnerable to health hazards, and quick corrective action is required to control the increased levels of heavy metals at all sample locations. Therefore, through bioaccumulation, human health and the environment are affected in these areas. Using river water for consumption, household work, or even irrigation purposes is not advisable. This study's result highlighted that properly implementing compatible policies and programs is required to improve effluent treatment methods and provide biodegradability to the Dhaleshwari River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazzaz Bin Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Moniruzzaman
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Ratan Kumar Majumder
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Fowzia Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Quaiyum Bhuiyan
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ariful Ahsan
- Isotope Hydrology Division, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Hafiz Al-Asad
- Department of Chemistry, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
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Parimelazhagan V, Natarajan K, Shanbhag S, Madivada S, Kumar HS. Effective Adsorptive Removal of Coomassie Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Green Synthesized Zinc Hydroxide Nanoparticles Prepared from Calotropis gigantea Leaf Extract. CHEMENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering7020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of color from dye wastewater is crucial, since dyes are extremely toxic and can cause cancer in a variety of life forms. Studies must be done to use cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of color from dye effluents to protect the environment. To our knowledge, virtually no research has been done to describe the possibility of using Calotropis gigantea leaf extract zinc hydroxide nanoparticles (CG-Zn(OH)2NPs) as an adsorbent for the decolorization of Coomassie violet (CV) from the aqueous emulsion, either in batch mode or continuously. In the present batch investigation, CV dye is removed from the synthetic aqueous phase using CG-Zn(OH)2NPs as an adsorbent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various instrumental techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume, a particle size analyser, and zero-point charge. The decolorization efficacy of CV dye from an aqueous phase by the adsorbent was examined in batch mode by varying process parameters. The consequences of various experimental variables were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve the maximum decolorization efficiency (90.74%) and equilibrium dye uptake, qe (35.12 mg g−1). The optimum pH, dye concentration, CG-Zn(OH)2NPs adsorbent dosage, and particle size were found to be 1.8, 225 mg L−1, 5 g L−1, and 78 μm, respectively for CV dye adsorption capacity at equilibrium. The adsorbent zero-point charge was found to be at pH 8.5. The Langmuir isotherm model provided a good representation of the equilibrium data in aqueous solutions, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capability (qmax) of 40.25 mg g−1 at 299 K. The dye adsorption rate follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model at various dye concentrations, which indicated that the reaction is more chemisorption than physisorption. The negative values of ΔG and positive values of ΔH at different temperatures indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, respectively. Reusability tests revealed that the prepared nanoparticles may be used for up to three runs, indicating that the novel CG-Zn(OH)2NPs seems to be a very promising adsorbent for the removal of Coomassie violet dye from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vairavel Parimelazhagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kannan Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Srinath Shanbhag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sumanth Madivada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Harish S. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
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Din IU, Muhammad S, Faisal S, Rehman IU, Ali W. Heavy metal(loid)s contamination and potential risk assessment via groundwater consumption in the district of Hangu, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33808-33818. [PMID: 36495436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the concentration of heavy metal(loid)s (HM) in groundwater and associated health risks in the Hangu District, Pakistan. Seventy-one groundwater samples were selected from various sources to determine the concentration of twelve HM using the ICP-MS. The average concentrations of HM in groundwater were observed within acceptable guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Similarly, the groundwater of the study area based on the HM contamination index results was noted as an excellent group. Generally, the chronic daily intake (CDI) values for both adults and children were observed in the sequence of Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn > Cu > Sb > Cr > Mo > As > Pb > Co > Cd. The highest hazard quotient was computed for children through groundwater from the tube well. Moreover, both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards of groundwater were observed in the order of tube well > dug well > spring > bore well. The present study suggests that children were more susceptible to health risks than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ud Din
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Faisal
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ali
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories, Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
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9
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Mohammadpour A, Emadi Z, Samaei MR, Ravindra K, Hosseini SM, Amin M, Samiei M, Mohammadi L, Khaksefidi R, Zarei AA, Motamed-Jahromi M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in drinking water from Shiraz, Iran: a health risk assessment of samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23295-23311. [PMID: 36322352 PMCID: PMC9938828 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The existence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in water bodies has posed a menace to human health. Thus, water resources should be protected from PTEs, and their effect on the exposed population should be investigated. In the present investigation, the concentrations of PTEs such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), and iron(Fe) in the drinking water of Shiraz, Iran, were determined for the first time. In addition, hazard quotient, hazard index, cancer risk, and sensitivity analysis were applied to estimate the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic impacts of Pb, Hg, Mn, and Fe on exposed children and adults through ingestion. The mean concentrations (µg/L) of Pb, Hg, Mn, and Fe were 0.36, 0.32, 2.28, and 8.72, respectively, in winter and 0.50, 0.20, 0.55, and 10.36, respectively, in summer. The results displayed that Fe concentration was more than the other PTEs. PTE concentrations were lower than the standard values of the Environment Protection Agency and World Health Organization. Values of the degree of contamination and heavy metal pollution index for lead, mercury, manganese, and iron were significantly low (< 1) and excellent (< 50), respectively. Based on the Spearman rank correlation analysis, positive and negative relationships were observed in the present study. The observations of the health risk assessment demonstrated that mercury, lead, iron, and manganese had an acceptable level of noncarcinogenic harmful health risk in exposed children and adults (hazard quotients < 1 and hazard index < 1). The carcinogenic risk of lead was low (< E - 06), which can be neglected. Monte Carlo simulation showed that water intake rate and mercury concentration were the most critical parameters in the hazard index for children and adults. Lead concentration was also the most crucial factor in the cancer risk analysis. The results of the present study proved that the drinking water of Shiraz is safe and healthy and can be confidently consumed by people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mohammadpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Emadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine & School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Seyedeh Masoumeh Hosseini
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, PO Box 1731, Shiraz, Postal code 71345, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Samiei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- Environmental Health, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
| | - Razyeh Khaksefidi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Allah Zarei
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Motamed-Jahromi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing School, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Sellamuthu S, Joseph S, Gopalakrishnan S, Sekar S, Khan R, Shukla S. Appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation suitability using multivariate statistical approach in a rapidly developing urban area, Tirunelveli, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022:10.1007/s11356-022-23533-4. [PMID: 36331734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative and qualitative stress on groundwater resources has been witnessed across the globe. The current study assesses the groundwater quality of Tirunelveli district which faces the hazard of groundwater contamination through seepage of toxins, considering the open dumping of huge volumes of solid waste. The findings from this study confirmed the presence of more than 20% samples in the "poor to very poor" quality with high concentrations of TDS, Cl-, and NO3-, unfit for drinking, and other domestic purposes. The spatial distribution of TDS and NO3- highlighted the potential impact of solid waste dumping in the nearby landfill sites. K-means hierarchical clustering and multivariate analysis suggested that salinization and nitrate pollution was highly influenced by anthropogenic sources in comparison to geogenic sources. Rock water interaction and evaporation processes emerged as the two major dominant natural mechanisms controlling the groundwater chemistry. Four hydro-chemical facies were identified in the order of Ca-HCO3 > Ca-Mg-Cl > Na-Cl > mixed Ca-Na-HCO3. Thus, this study creates an urgent need of mitigation measures towards curbing and management of solid waste disposal and hence, the potential hazard of contaminant seepage into the groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Sellamuthu
- Centre for Geotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 034, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Joseph
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 034, Kerala, India
| | - Sampath Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Statistics, Government Arts College, Chidambaram, 608 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, 628004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramsha Khan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, UP, 225003, India
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, UP, 225003, India.
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11
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Khan R, Saxena A. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Gomti-Ganga Alluvial Plain, associated human health risks assessment and potential remediation using novel-nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:19. [PMID: 36279024 PMCID: PMC9589610 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The health risks associated with consumption of water from river Gomti polluted with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including As, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Hg were investigated at the initiation of unlocking of COVID-19 lockdown and compared with pre-COVID-19 lockdown status. In the current investigation, the total hazard index (THI) values exceeded the acceptable limit of "unity" at all sampling stations. The use of river water for drinking and domestic purposes by millions of people with high THI values has emerged as a matter of huge concern. The individual hazard quotients associated with Cd and Pb were found to be most severe (> 1). A vivid difference between the THI values during the two study phases indicated the positive impact of COVID-19 lockdown signifying the prominent impact of anthropogenic activities on the PTE concentrations. The closure of local manufacturing units (textile, battery, etc.) emerged as a potential reason for decreased health risks associated with PTE levels. The higher susceptibility of children to health risks in comparison with adults through the values of THI and HQs was interpreted across the study area. Potential remedial measures for PTE contamination have also been suggested in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Khan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India.
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India.
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12
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Mahalakshmi R, Ramesh N. Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in water and soil sediments of Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:892. [PMID: 36242676 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) in water and soil sediments represents a serious environmental concern. This study revealed the presence and distribution of HMs in water and soil sediments of various places in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India. Twenty-one sites were selected along the study area, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to analyze the concentration of the heavy metals. The dominance of various HMs in the soil sediment sample follows the order strontium (Sr) > Manganese (Mn) > Barium (Ba) > Zinc (Zn) > Nickel (Ni) and Sr > Mn > Zn > Boron (B) > , respectively. It was found that the concentration of HMs in water and soil sediments in Ambur market and Mottukollai area was significantly higher than the recommended limits. Thus, the results showed that the presence of HMs in water and soil sediments could be threatened pollution factors unsafe for irrigation, drinking, and other human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mahalakshmi
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - N Ramesh
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India.
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13
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Use of Hyperspectral Reflectance and Water Quality Indices to Assess Groundwater Quality for Drinking in Arid Regions, Saudi Arabia. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Combining hydrogeochemical characterization and a hyperspectral reflectance measurement can provide knowledge for groundwater security under different conditions. In this study, comprehensive examinations of 173 groundwater samples were carried out in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia. Physicochemical parameters, water quality indices (WQIs), and spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) were combined to investigate water quality and controlling factors using multivariate modeling techniques, such as partial least-square regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR). To measure water quality status, the drinking water quality index (DWQI), total dissolved solids (TDS), heavy metal index (HPI), contamination degree (Cd), and pollution index (PI) were calculated. Standard analytical methods were used to assess nineteen physicochemical parameters. The typical values of ions and metals were as follows: Na2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > NO3− > CO32−; and Cu > Fe > Al > Zn > Mn > Ni, respectively. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of the examined groundwater samples revealed that Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, and Na-Ca-HCO3 were the main mechanisms governing groundwater chemistry and quality under the load of seawater intrusion, weathering, and water-rock interaction. According to the WQIs results, the DWQI values revealed that 2.5% of groundwater samples were categorized as excellent, 18.0% as good, 28.0% as poor, 21.5% as extremely poor, and 30.0% as unfit for drinking. The HPI and Cd values revealed that all groundwater samples had a low degree of contamination and better quality. Furthermore, the PI values showed that the groundwater resources were not affected by metals but were slightly affected by Mn in Wadi Fatimah due to rock–water interaction. Linear regression models demonstrated the significant relationships for the majority of SRIs paired with DWQI (R varied from −0.40 to 0. 75), and with TDS (R varied from 0.46 to 0.74) for the studied wadies. In general, the PLSR and PCR models provide better estimations for DWQI and TDS than the individual SRI. In conclusion, the grouping of WQIs, SRIs, PLSR, PCR, and GIS tools provides a clear image of groundwater suitability for drinking and its controlling elements.
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14
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Grujović MŽ, Mladenović KG, Marković SM, Đukić NN, Stajić JM, Ostojić AM, Zlatić NM. Chemical, radiological and microbiological characterization of a drinking water source: a case study. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1136-1150. [PMID: 35765797 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined water samples from a local stream in Central Serbia, which was consumed as drinking water. The chemical parameters (chemical oxygen demand, pH, total concentration of dissolved substances and electrical conductivity), the concentration of major, trace, and radioactive elements in the water as well as the content of those from the environment, were examined. In addition, the microbiological quality of the water was inspected. The water samples were acidic (pH from 5.27 to 5.69) and chemical oxygen demand ranged in upper permissible limits (up to 6.25 mg O2 l-1 (WR)). The concentrations of major, trace and radioactive elements, including radon, were below maximum contaminant levels. The water contained a higher number of total coliform bacteria than it was allowed (˃10 colony forming units (CFU) in 100 ml of water) as well as enterococci and Escherichia coli. The characterization of the isolated bacteria indicated that two isolates demonstrated proteolytic activity, while full antibiotic resistance was not detected. The isolates showed moderate to strong ability to produce biofilm, while the isolates of E. coli were nonpathogenic. The results indicated that examined water samples were not microbiologically and chemically safe, therefore, the usage of analyzed water was not recommended as a water supply. Further research needs to include more frequent monitoring in order to propose measures for the improvement of the water quality and prevention of health risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ž Grujović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - K G Mladenović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - S M Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanović 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - N N Đukić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanović 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - J M Stajić
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - A M Ostojić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanović 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - N M Zlatić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanović 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
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15
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Dotaniya ML, Meena VD, Saha JK, Dotaniya CK, Mahmoud AED, Meena BL, Meena MD, Sanwal RC, Meena RS, Doutaniya RK, Solanki P, Lata M, Rai PK. Reuse of poor-quality water for sustainable crop production in the changing scenario of climate. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 25:1-32. [PMID: 35645606 PMCID: PMC9128324 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The availability of freshwater is limited for agriculture systems across the globe. A fast-growing population demands need to enhance the food grain production from a limited natural resources. Therefore, researchers and policymakers have been emphasized on the production potential of agricultural crops in a sustainable manner. On the challenging side, freshwater bodies are shrinking with the pace of time further limiting crop production. Poor-quality water may be a good alternative for fresh water in water scarce areas. It should not contain toxic pollutants beyond certain critical levels. Unfortunately, such critical limits for different pollutants as well as permissible quality parameters for different wastewater types are lacking or poorly addressed. Marginal quality water and industrial effluent used in crop production should be treated prior to application in crop field. Hence, safe reuse of wastewater for cultivation of food material is necessary to fulfil the demands of growing population across the globe in the changing scenario of climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Dotaniya
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed- Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321 303 India
| | - V. D. Meena
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed- Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321 303 India
| | - J. K. Saha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038 India
| | - C. K. Dotaniya
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SKRAU, Bikaner, 334 006 India
| | - Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
| | - B. L. Meena
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 India
| | - M. D. Meena
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed- Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321 303 India
| | - R. C. Sanwal
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SKRAU, Bikaner, 334 006 India
| | | | - R. K. Doutaniya
- Department of Agronomy, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner, 303329 India
| | - Praveen Solanki
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra Govindnagar, Bankhedi, Narmadapuram, 461990 India
| | - Manju Lata
- Barkatullah University, Habib Ganj, Bhopal, 462 026 India
| | - P. K. Rai
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed- Mustard Research, Bharatpur, 321 303 India
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16
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Zhao H, Li P, He X. Remediation of cadmium contaminated soil by modified gangue material: Characterization, performance and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133347. [PMID: 34929268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, remediation of soil contaminated with potentially toxic metal is a great international concern. In this study, a novel modified gangue material (MGE) is synthesized from coal gangue (GE) through a low-temperature assisted with alkali roasting method, and is applied to the immobilization of cadmium (Cd2+) in contaminated soil. The various instruments (SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and XPS) are employed to investigate the changes of microstructure and function of GE before and after the modification. The results showed that a large number of active groups (Si-O, Al-O, Fe-O, -OH, -CO, and -COOH) are observed on the surface of MGE, which is conducive to the removal of Cd2+. Besides, the adsorption kinetics, and isotherm models are introduced to analyze the potential adsorption mechanism, which suggesting that the adsorption behavior can be well fitted by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. The potential mechanisms of MGE include the ion exchange, complexation, electronic attraction, and precipitation. According to the pot experiment, the application of MGE can significantly improve the growth of pakchoi, and increase the pH of soils. Meanwhile, the content of available Cd2+ is reduced in the treatment with MGE, by a factor of 14.2%-29.8%. Correspondingly, the content of Cd2+ in different parts of pakchoi is also decreased. The study shows that the MGE can be strongly recommended as an efficient and safe amendment to stabilize Cd2+ in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Zhao
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaodong He
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Vinnarasi F, Srinivasamoorthy K, Saravanan K, Rajesh Kanna A, Gopinath S, Prakash R, Ponnumani G, Babu C. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and risk evaluation of potential toxic elements in groundwater from Shanmughanadhi, Tamilnadu, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112199. [PMID: 34673025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogeochemical and Health Risk Assessments of trace elements are integral to groundwater resource assessment, utilization, and human health. Investigation of groundwater chemistry and trace elemental impact on local inhabitants were attempted in Shanmuganadhi basin, Tamilnadu, India. About 60 groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon period and analyzed for hydrochemical composition, including major and trace elements (Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu Pb, Mn, and As) to isolate chemical characteristics and human health risk assessment. Groundwater geochemistry is prejudiced by geochemical reactions uniting cation exchange, dissolution and precipitation, adsorption, and anthropogenic contributions. About thirty-two percent of groundwater samples recorded higher F-(>1.5 mg/L) than the prescribed limit suggests sources from rock weathering and silicate dissolution. Nitrates (>45.0 mg/L) suggest sources from agricultural influences. Water types indicate alkalis (Na+ + K+) dominating alkali earth (Ca2+ - Mg2+) and strong acids (Cl- and SO42-) looming weak acid (CO32- and HCO3-) irrespective of water samples. The geochemical stability diagram suggests precipitation of silica, carbonate, and magnesium and dissolution of sulphate minerals along the groundwater flow path. Significant correlation between major ions and trace elements (Pb, Mn, Ni, and Cu) suggests origin from rock weathering, human impacts, and cultivation practices. Non-carcinogenic human risk for trace elements was higher in children compared with adults via ingestion and dermal exposure. The carcinogenic result suggests that Cr in CHK (7.1 × 10-2) and HBG (4.3 × 10-2) have the most excellent chance of cancer risk. The environmental risk category attempted using Comprehensive risk factor (CRI) suggests Pb (3.2-CHK, 2.6-HBG) with potential cancer risk. The comprehensive evaluation index recommends environmental damage between mild to moderate, indicating continuous exposure of traceable elements might result in cancer cause to the inhabitants. The study suggests water quality seems to be prejudiced by various geological and anthropogenic causes and endorses counteractive measures and proper execution of existing laws to protect groundwater resources in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vinnarasi
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
| | - K Srinivasamoorthy
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - K Saravanan
- Soil Mechanics Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - A Rajesh Kanna
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - S Gopinath
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - R Prakash
- Geological Oceanography Division, CSIR- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India
| | - G Ponnumani
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - C Babu
- Hydrogeology Lab, Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
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18
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Shukla S, Khan R, Saxena A, Sekar S, Ali EF, Shaheen SM. Appraisal of COVID-19 lockdown and unlocking effects on the air quality of North India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112107. [PMID: 34560058 PMCID: PMC8455374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown supposedly provided a 'window' of reinstatement to natural resources including the air quality, but the scenario after the phased unlocking is yet to be explored. Consequently, here we evaluated the status of air quality during the 8th phase of unlocking of COVID-19 lockdown (January 2021) at three locations of North India. The first site (S1) was located at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-PPCB; the second site (S2) at Yamunapuram, Bulandshahr-UPPCB; and the third site (S3) at Okhla Phase-2, Delhi-DPCC. The levels of PM2.5 showed a significant increase of 525.2%, 281.2%, and 185.0% at sites S1, S2 and S3, respectively in the unlock 8 (January 2021), in comparison to its concentration in the lockdown phase. Coherently, the levels of PM10 also showed a prominent increase of 284.5%, 189.1%, and 103.9% at sites S3, S1, and S2, respectively during the unlock 8 as compared to its concentration in the lockdown phase. This rise in the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 could be primarily attributed to the use of biomass fuel, industrial and vehicular emissions, stubble burning considering the agricultural activities at sites S1 and S2. Site S3 is a major industrial hub and has the highest population density among all three sites. Consequently, the maximum increase (295.7%) in the NO2 levels during the unlock 8 was witnessed at site S3. The strong correlation between PM2.5, PM10, and CO, along with the PM2.5/PM10 ratio confirmed the similar origin of these pollutants at all the three sites. The improvements in the levels of air quality during the COVID-19 lockdown were major overtaken during the various phases of unlocking consequent to the initiation of anthropogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shukla
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, 225003, UP, India.
| | - Ramsha Khan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, 225003, UP, India.
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, 225003, UP, India.
| | - Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Esmat F Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil-and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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19
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Li W, Wu J, Zhou C, Nsabimana A. Groundwater Pollution Source Identification and Apportionment Using PMF and PCA-APCS-MLR Receptor Models in Tongchuan City, China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:397-413. [PMID: 34342688 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Potential sources of groundwater pollution in Tongchuan City, China, were qualitatively identified based on 14 key water quality indicators of 59 groundwater samples, and the contribution of each source to groundwater quality was quantitatively evaluated. Groundwater pollution sources were analyzed using PMF and PCA-APCS-MLR models, and their applicability in groundwater pollution assessment in Tongchuan City was tested. Results indicate that both models identified four sources of groundwater contamination. Natural evolution was the main cause of groundwater pollution in the study area, followed by the coal industry, agriculture, and urbanization. Although the spatial distribution of pollution sources in the two models differed, the urbanized area to the east of the study area was more severely affected by sewage discharge, the west was more obviously affected by the coal industry, and the north was mainly polluted by agriculture. Both of the fitting results of the two models are good, but R2 values obtained by the PMF model (0.4440-0.9991) were generally higher than those obtained by the PCA-APCS-MLR model (0.5180-0.9530), indicating that PMF model results were more accurate than the PCA-APCS-MLR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqu Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Changjing Zhou
- Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute, Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Low Permeability Oil and Gas Exploration and Development, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Abel Nsabimana
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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20
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Integration of Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling for Assessing Surface Water Quality in Qaroun Lake, Egypt. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Water quality has deteriorated in recent years as a result of rising population and unplanned development, impacting ecosystem health. The water quality parameters of Qaroun Lake are contaminated to varying degrees, particularly for aquatic life consumption. For that, the objective of this work is to improve the assessments of surface water quality and to determine the different geo-environmental parameters affecting the lake environmental system in Qaroun Lake utilizing the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI) and four pollution indices (heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), contamination index (Cd), and pollution index (PI), that are enhanced by multivariate analyses as cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine regression (SVMR). Surface water samples were collected at 16 different locations from the lake during years 2018 and 2019. Thirteen physiochemical parameters were measured and used to calculate water quality indices (WQIs). The WQIs of Qaroun Lake such WAWQI, HPI, MI, Cd, PI revealed a different degree of contamination, with respect to aquatic life utilization. The WQIs result revealed that surface water in the lake is unsuitable, high polluted, and seriously affected by pollution for an aquatic environment. The PI findings revealed that surface water samples of Qaroun Lake were significantly impacted by Al, moderately affected by Cd and Cu, and while slightly affected by Zn due to uncontrolled releases of domestic and industrial wastewater. Furthermore, increasing salinity accelerates the deterioration of the lake aquatic environment. Therefore, sewage and drainage wastewater should be treated before discharging into the lake. The SVMR models based on physiochemical parameters presented the highest performance as an alternative method to predict the WQIs. For example, the calibration (Val.) and the validation (Val.) models performed best in assessing the WQIs with R2 (0.99) and with R2 (0.97–0.99), respectively. Finally, a combination of WQIs, CA, PCA, and SVMR approaches could be employed to assess surface water quality in Qaroun Lake.
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