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Abdulkareem BM, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A, Ayyari M, Keshtkar E, Eyni-Nargeseh H. Enhancing cotton sustainability: Multi-factorial intercropping, irrigation, and weed effects on productivity, quality and physiology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27135. [PMID: 38444487 PMCID: PMC10912634 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress and weed infestation are significant factors that significantly decrease cotton yield. Increasing the variety of plants within a cotton field ecosystem can strengthen its stability and protect it from susceptibility to both biotic and abiotic pressures. In this two-year experiment (2021 and 2022), the effects of intercropping systems (four growth conditions including mono- and inter-cropped cotton varieties Golestan and Hekmat with Nepeta crispa and dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica)), irrigation (three intervals of 3, 6, and 9 days), and weed competition (weed-free and weedy plots) on the agronomic performance, physiological characteristics, and seed quality of cotton in a semi-arid region of Iran were studied. In 2021, the volume of irrigation water applied was 9873, 6100, and 4650 m3 ha-1 for irrigation intervals of 3, 6, and 9 days, respectively. In 2022, the volumes were 9071, 5605, and 4272 m3 ha-1 for the corresponding irrigation intervals. Over two years, Xanthium strumarium, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Portulaca oleracea were the dominant weed species. Weeds had the most significant impact on total dry weight; weed control increased plant vigor and growth, ranging from 1.4 to 2.3 times, while weed impact on cottonseed yield ranged from 18% to 96% reduction. Increasing irrigation intervals resulted in reductions in various parameters, with decreases of 39%-80% in total dry weight, 34%-57% in cottonseed yield, and 48%-72% in lint yield. The harvest indices for seed cotton, cottonseed, and lint ranged from 35.3% to 56.5%, 18.3%-35.0%, and 15.4%-20.5%, respectively. Weeds were responsible for a 17% decrease in the 1000-seed weight. As the irrigation intervals increased from 3 days to 6 days and 9 days, the number of bolls per plant decreased by 19%-85%. Extending the irrigation interval from 3 days to 6 days and 9 days resulted in a substantial decrease in the photosynthetic rate, ranging from 42% to 92%. Mono-cropped Golestan performed well under unstressed conditions such as 3-day interval irrigation and weed-free conditions. On the other hand, intercropped Hekmat demonstrated better resilience to both moisture and weed stresses. The LER (Land equivalent ratio) indices of both intercropping systems were generally favorable, indicating higher productivity compared to sole cropping. The intercropping systems consistently showed the highest LER indices under weedy conditions, highlighting the significance of intercropping as a valuable method in integrated weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim Mohammed Abdulkareem
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ayyari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eshagh Keshtkar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Eyni-Nargeseh
- Department of Agricultural Science, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
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Raza MAS, Aslam MU, Valipour M, Iqbal R, Haider I, Mustafa AEZMA, Elshikh MS, Ali I, Roy R, Elshamly AMS. Seed priming with selenium improves growth and yield of quinoa plants suffering drought. Sci Rep 2024; 14:886. [PMID: 38195846 PMCID: PMC10776843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a worldwide threat to the productivity of crops, especially in arid and semi-arid zones of the world. In the present study, the effect of selenium (Se) seed priming on the yield of quinoa under normal and drought conditions was investigated. A pot trial was executed to enhance the drought tolerance in quinoa by Se seed priming (0, 3, 6, and 9 mg Se L-1). The plants were exposed to water stress at three different growth stages of quinoa, viz. multiple leaf, flowering, and seed filling. It was noticed that drought significantly affected the yield components of quinoa, however, Se priming improved the drought tolerance potential and yield of quinoa by maintaining the plant water status. Se priming significantly increased main panicle length (20.29%), main panicle weight (26.43%), and thousand grain weight (15.41%) as well as the gas exchange parameters (transpiration rate (29.74%), stomatal conductance (35.29%), and photosynthetic rate (28.79%), total phenolics (29.36%), leaf chlorophyll contents (35.97%), water relations (leaf relative water contents (14.55%), osmotic potential (10.32%), water potential (38.35%), and turgor potential (31.37%), and economic yield (35.99%) under drought stress. Moreover, Se priming markedly improved grain quality parameters i.e., phosphorus, potassium, and protein contents by 21.28%, 18.92%, and 15.04%, respectively. The principal component analysis connected the various study scales and showed the ability of physio-biochemical factors to describe yield fluctuations in response to Se seed priming under drought conditions. In conclusion, a drought at the seed-filling stage has a far more deleterious impact among other critical growth stages and seed priming with Se (6 mg L-1) was found more effective in alleviating the detrimental effects of drought on the grain yield of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Usman Aslam
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Valipour
- Department of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Haider
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rana Roy
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
- Department of Agroforestry & Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Ayman M S Elshamly
- Water Studies and Research Complex, National Water Research Center, Cairo, 81525, Egypt
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Sepehri S, Abdoli S, Asgari Lajayer B, Astatkie T, Price GW. Changes in phytochemical properties and water use efficiency of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) using superabsorbent polymer under drought stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21989. [PMID: 38081886 PMCID: PMC10713560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Water consumption management and the application of advanced techniques in the agricultural sector can significantly contribute to the efficient utilization of limited water resources. This can be achieved by improving soil texture, increasing water retention, reducing erosion, and enhancing seedling germination through the use of superabsorbent polymers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Aquasource superabsorbent (AS) on the morphological characteristics, phytochemical properties, antioxidant content, and water use efficiency of peppermint. It was conducted under different irrigation management and using different superabsorbent levels. Therefore, a 3 × 4 factorial design was used to determine the effects of irrigation intervals (2-, 4-, and 6-day) and different levels of AS amount (zero [control], 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%). The effects of these factors on various parameters (morphological characteristics, essential oil percentage, nutrient, protein, proline, carotenoid, antioxidant, and chlorophyll content, leaf area index, relative water content, and water use efficiency [WUE]) were evaluated. The results showed that morphological characteristics and essential oil percentage decreased significantly under drought stress (increasing the irrigation intervals). However, the addition of 0.5 (wt%) AS improved plant growth conditions. Increasing the amount of superabsorbent used to 1 and 2 (wt%) decreased the measured traits, which indicates the creation of unsuitable conditions for plant growth. AS application improved the growth of the root more than the leaf yield of peppermint. A 0.5 (wt%) addition of AS resulted in root length increases of 3, 13, and 15%, respectively, at irrigation intervals of 2, 4, and 6 days, respectively. Additionally, at 0.5 (wt%) AS, root weight increased by 8, 15, and 16% in 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals, respectively. Also, the height of the plant increased by 3, 5, and 17% at 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals when 0.5 (wt%) of AS was used compared to the control. As well, essential oil percentage increased by 2.14, 2.06, and 1.63% at 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals. The nutrient and protein contents decreased as irrigation intervals and AS usage increased, indicating a similar trend. However, compared with the control, the addition of 0.5 (wt%) of AS resulted in some improvements in nutrients and protein. The highest WUE (3.075 kg m-3) was attained in the 4-day irrigation interval and 1 wt% AS addition. This was followed closely by the 2-day irrigation interval with 1 wt% AS addition at 3.025 kg m-3, and the 4-day irrigation interval with 0.5 wt% AS addition, which reached 2.941 kg m-3. Overall, the use of AS in appropriate amounts (0.5 wt%) can reduce water consumption and enhance essential oil yield and WUE in peppermint cultivation in water-scarce arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloome Sepehri
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31585-845, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sima Abdoli
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6135743136, Iran.
| | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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Hao DC, Su XY, Xie HT, Bao XL, Zhang XD, Wang LF. Effects of tillage patterns and stover mulching on N 2O production, nitrogen cycling genes and microbial dynamics in black soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118458. [PMID: 37385196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Stover-covered no-tillage (NT) is of great significance to the rational utilization of stover resources and improvement of cultivated land quality, and also has a profound impact on ensuring groundwater, food and ecosystem security. However, the effects of tillage patterns and stover mulching on soil nitrogen turnover remain elusive. Based on the long-term conservation tillage field experiment in the mollisol area of Northeast China since 2007, the shotgun metagenomic sequencing of soils and microcosm incubation were combined with physical and chemical analyses, alkyne inhibition analysis to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of NT and stover mulching on the farmland soil nitrogen emissions and microbial nitrogen cycling genes. Compared with conventional tillage (CT), NT stover mulching significantly reduced the emission of N2O instead of CO2, especially when 33% mulching was adopted, and correspondingly the nitrate nitrogen of NT33 was higher than that of other mulching amounts. The stover mulching was associated with higher total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and pH. The abundance of AOB (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria)-amoA (ammonia monooxygenase subunit A) was substantially increased by stover mulching, while the abundance of denitrification genes was reduced in most cases. Under alkyne inhibition, the tillage mode, treatment time, gas condition and interactions between them noticeably influenced the N2O emission and nitrogen transformation. In CT, NT0 (no mulching) and NT100 (full mulching), the relative contribution of AOB to N2O production was markedly higher than that of ammonia oxidizing archaea. Different tillage modes were associated with distinct microbial community composition, albeit NT100 was closer to CT than to NT0. Compared with CT, the co-occurrence network of microbial communities was more complex in NT0 and NT100. Our findings suggest that maintaining a low-quantity stover mulching could regulate soil nitrogen turnover toward proficiently enhancing soil health and regenerative agriculture, and coping with global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cheng Hao
- Liaoning Provincial Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China; Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Xing-Yuan Su
- Liaoning Provincial Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Hong-Tu Xie
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xue-Lian Bao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lian-Feng Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China.
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Rehman FU, Ahmad E. The effect of climate patterns on rice productivity in Pakistan: an application of Driscoll and Kraay estimator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:53076-53087. [PMID: 35278184 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses climate change impact on rice productivity in 28 top rice-producing districts in Pakistan. Driscoll and Kraay estimation is applied on panel data from 1981 to 2019. The cross-sectional dependency test results reveals that climatic factors such as rainfall, humidity, and temperature have correlation issue in different selected regions. The study observes that temperature, rice productivity, and rainfall have inverted U-shape relationship. Rice productivity response is quadratic instead of linear towards average rainfall and temperature during the particular cultivation time, comprising of harvesting, flowering, and planting. The coefficient of temperature during planting time is positive and significant, while the square of temperature during planting time is negative and significant. Temperature during flowering and harvesting time is significant and positive, while the square of temperature during flowering and harvesting time is negative and significant. Rain fall during planting and flowering time are positive and significant; besides that, fertilizer usage stimulates and humidity hinders rice productivity in selected districts of Pakistan. Our empirical results considered the issues of spatial dependency, serial correlation, and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ur Rehman
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Mira 19, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
- Department of Economics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Economics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
- Department of Economics, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Dong X, Zhang Z, Wang S, Shen Z, Cheng X, Lv X, Pu X. Soil properties, root morphology and physiological responses to cotton stalk biochar addition in two continuous cropping cotton field soils from Xinjiang, China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12928. [PMID: 35190786 PMCID: PMC8857900 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term and widespread cotton production in Xinjiang, China, has resulted in significant soil degradation, thereby leading to continuous cropping obstacles; cotton stalk biochar (CSB) addition may be an effective countermeasure to this issue, with effects that are felt immediately by root systems in direct contact with the soil. In this study, we assess the effects of different CSB application rates on soil nutrient contents, root morphology, and root physiology in two soil types commonly used for cotton production in the region. Compared with CK (no CSB addition), a 1% CSB addition increased total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and organic matter (OM) by 13.3%, 7.2%, and 50% in grey desert soil, respectively , and 36.5%, 19.9%, and 176.4%, respectively, in aeolian sandy soil. A 3% CSB addition increased TN, AP, and OM by 38.8%, 23.8%, and 208.1%, respectively, in grey desert soil, and 36%, 13%, and 183.2%, respectively, in aeolian sandy soil. Compared with the aeolian sandy soil, a 1% CSB addition increased TN, OM, and AP by 95%, 94.8%, and 33.3%, respectively, in the grey desert soil , while in the same soil 3% CSB addition increased TN, OM, and AP by 108%, 21.1%, and 73.9%, respectively. In the grey desert soil, compared with CK, a 1% CSB application increased the root length (RL) (34%), specific root length (SRL) (27.9%), and root volume (RV) (32.6%) during the bud stage, increased glutamine synthetase (GS) (13.9%) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities (237%), decreased the RV (34%) and average root diameter (ARD) (36.2%) during the harvesting stage. A 3% CSB addition increased the RL (44%), SRL (20%), and RV (41.2%) during the bud stage and decreased the RV (29%) and ARD (27%) during the harvesting stage. In the aeolian sandy soil, 1% CSB increased the RL (38.3%), SRL (73.7%), and RV (17%), while a 3% caused a greater increase in the RL (55%), SRL (89%), RV (28%), soluble sugar content (128%), and underground biomass (33.8%). Compared with the grey desert soil, a 1% CSB addition increased the RL (48.6%), SRL (58%), and RV (18.6%) in the aeolian sandy soil, while a 3% further increased the RL (54.8%), SRL (84.2%), RV (21.9%), and soluble sugar content (233%). The mechanisms by which CSB addition improves the two soils differ: root morphology changed from coarse and short to fine and long in the grey desert soil, and from fine and long to longer in the aeolian sandy soil. Overall, a 3% CSB addition may be a promising and sustainable strategy for maintaining cotton productivity in aeolian sandy soil in the Xinjiang region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zihui Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinhua Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Pharmacy School, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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