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Furtado CDC, Jamar G, Barbosa ACB, Dourado VZ, Nascimento JRD, Oliveira GCAFD, Hi EMB, Souza TDA, Parada MJG, Souza FGD, Juzwiak CR, Lombardi I. Whey Protein Supplementation in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing a Resistance Training Program: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39214521 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation on glycemic control, muscle strength, quality of life, and body composition in older adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes undergoing a resistance training program. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was carried out with older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Body composition, food intake, muscle strength, glycemic profile, markers of renal function, cardiopulmonary capacity, and quality of life were evaluated. Older adults were randomized into a supplementation group with 33 g of WP consumed twice a week on days of resistance training for 12 weeks supplemented group and a placebo group. RESULTS In total, 39 older adults were randomized into two groups, 19 in the supplement group and 20 in the placebo group. Both groups showed improvement in muscle strength, with the WP group failing to exceed that of the control group. WP supplementation slightly increased blood urea compared with the placebo group (p = .05), but values remained within normal limits. The group that used WP showed a small improvement in mental health, according to the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire, but without clinically important improvements. CONCLUSION Both groups showed improvements in muscle strength and mass, regardless of supplementation, showing that resistance exercises performed twice a week can contribute to the nonprogression of sarcopenia in older adults with Type 2 diabetes. More studies are needed to determine the safe and effective amount of supplementation to improve muscle strength without renal impairment in older adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine de Carvalho Furtado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Jamar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan Carlos Brisola Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Zuniga Dourado
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edgar Matias Bach Hi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santos, Lusíada University Center, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Arruda Souza
- Federal University of São Paulo-Hospital Universitário, Lusíada University Centre, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia Ridel Juzwiak
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Império Lombardi
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
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2
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Vikestad V, Dalen T. Effect of Strength and Endurance Training Sequence on Endurance Performance. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:226. [PMID: 39195602 PMCID: PMC11359207 DOI: 10.3390/sports12080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This review investigates the effect of two different concurrent training sequences on endurance performance. The sequences investigated are Endurance-Resistance (ER) and Resistance-Endurance (RE). A literature search is conducted of the SPORTDiscus and Medline databases. The included studies are randomized control trials, which compare the effect of ER and RE on at least one endurance performance variable. A PEDro scale is used to assess the methodological quality of the articles in this review. Of a total of 152 articles identified during the initial screening, 15 studies meet the inclusion criteria. These studies include 426 participants (298 males and 128 females), with 212 of the participants training with ER and 214 with RE. The results are presented as the percentage change of the mean from pre- to post-test. All the studies show an improvement in endurance from pre to post for both interventions, except for the RE group in one study. This review finds small and non-conclusive sequence effects between ER and RE, suggesting that the sequence of concurrent training is not of great importance in relation to endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terje Dalen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Teacher Education and Arts, Nord University, 7600 Levanger, Norway;
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Huang YC, Hsu CC, Fu TC, Wang JS. Interval aerobic/resistance exercise training depresses adrenergic-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes in sedentary males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:837-848. [PMID: 37712975 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenergic stimulation affects lymphocyte autophagy and apoptosis by activating β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK-2) downstream signaling. This study investigated how combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on the interval or continuous pattern influences aerobic/muscular fitness and β1-AR/GRK-2 signaling, and corresponding apoptosis/autophagy of lymphocytes in sedentary males. METHODS Thirty-four sedentary males were randomized into interval training (IT, age = 22.5 ± 0.6 years, fitness level = 47.5 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg, body mass index (BMI) = 22.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2, n = 17) and continuous training (CT, age = 21.6 ± 0.4 years, fitness level = 45.2 ± 1.0 mL/min/kg, BMI = 22.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2, n = 17) groups. These subjects performed IT (bicycle exercise at alternating 40% and 80%VO2 reserve (VO2R) and isokinetic exercise at alternating 60°/s and 180°/s) or CT (bicycle exercise at continuously 60%VO2R and isokinetic exercise at continuously 120°/s) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Aerobic capacity and muscular strength/endurance were determined by the graded exercise test (GXT) and isokinetic strength test, respectively. Blood lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis and β1-AR/GRK-2 signaling were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Both IT and CT groups increased isokinetic strengths at various angular velocities, whereas only IT significantly enhanced muscle endurance, indicated by lowered fatigue index from 47.0 ± 1.3% to 41.8 ± 1.6% (P < 0.05). Moreover, the IT group (143 ± 7%) revealed a higher improvement in VO2peak than CT group (132 ± 6%) (P < 0.05). Acute GXT augmented (i) GRK-2 and protein kinase A expressions, (ii) LAMP-2 upregulation and acridine orange staining, (iii) mitochondrial transmembrane potential diminishing, caspase-3 activation, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure caused by epinephrine in blood lymphocytes. However, the degree of epinephrine-induced lymphocyte PS exposure potentiated by GXT was suppressed from 65.2 ± 5.2% to 47.4 ± 6.5% following 6 weeks of the IT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The IT may be considered more beneficial than CT in terms of improving aerobic/muscular fitness and simultaneously ameliorating apoptosis of blood lymphocyte evoked by intense exercise or adrenergic stimulation in sedentary males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Cheng Fu
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1St Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Nishikawa T, Takeda R, Hirono T, Okudaira M, Ohya T, Watanabe K. Differences in acute neuromuscular response after single session of resistance exercise between young and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 185:112346. [PMID: 38104744 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the acute response after resistance exercise between young and older adults. METHODS Seventeen young and 18 older adults performed a single session of resistance exercise, consisting of 3 sets of 10 isometric knee extensions. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), motor unit (MU) activity of the vastus lateralis, and electrically elicited torque of the knee extensor were measured before and after the resistance exercise. RESULTS Although both groups showed the same degree of decline in MVC (young: -15.2 ± 14.3 %, older: -16.4 ± 7.9 %, p = 0.839), electrically elicited torque markedly decreased in the young group (young: -21.5 ± 7.7 %, older: -14.3 ± 9.5 %, p < 0.001), and the decrease in the MU firing rate was greater in the older group (young: -26.1 ± 24.1 %, older: -44.7 ± 24.5 %, p < 0.001). Changes in the MU firing rate following the exercise were correlated with the MU recruitment threshold in the older group (p < 0.001, rs = 0.457), but not young group (p = 0.960). DISCUSSION These results showed that young adults exhibited a greater acute response in the peripheral component, whereas older adults showed a greater acute response in the central component of the neuromuscular system, and the acute response in MUs with a high recruitment threshold following resistance exercise was smaller than in those with a low recruitment threshold in older adults. These findings may partly explain why there are different chronic adaptations to resistance training between young and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan; Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeda
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirono
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Okudaira
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan; Faculty of Education, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohya
- Laboratory for Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics, Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan.
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Karatrantou K, Papavasiliou T, Batatolis C, Vasilopoulou T, Ioakimidis P, Gerodimos V. A Chair-Based Music-Kinetic Combined Exercise Program as an Alternative Approach for Increasing Health, Functional Capacity, and Physical Fitness Indices in Middle-Aged Pre-Menopausal Women. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:81. [PMID: 37367245 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lately, chairs have been widely used as a cheap, easily accessible, safe, and effective training means in different settings (e.g., in gyms, the house, workplaces, and in rehabilitation). This study investigated the effectiveness of a 10-week chair-based music-kinetic integrated combined exercise program on health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indicators of middle-aged pre-menopausal women. A total of 40 healthy women (40-53 years) were assigned to two groups: exercise (EG) and control (CG). The EG followed a 10-week (3 times/weekly; 30 training sessions) chair-based exercise program including aerobic dance, flexibility, coordination, and strength exercises with body weight or auxiliary means. Selected indicators of health, functional capacity, and physical fitness were evaluated before and after the 10 weeks. Following the program, the EG significantly reduced their body fat (-2.5%), blood pressure (by -4.5 to -5.5%), the time during the timed up-and-go (TUG) test (by -10.27%), heart rate (by -6.35 to -13.78%), and the rate of perceived exertion (by -24.45 to -25.88%), while increasing respiratory function (3.5-4%), flexibility (12.17%), balance (50.38-51.07%), maximal handgrip strength (10-12.17%), and endurance strength (43.87-55.91%). The chair-based combined music-kinetic exercise program was effective and could be safely used in different settings to improve health, functional capacity, and physical fitness in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karatrantou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Theodoros Papavasiliou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Christos Batatolis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Theodora Vasilopoulou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioakimidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
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Key MN, Szabo-Reed AN. Impact of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2495. [PMID: 37299458 PMCID: PMC10255782 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to preserve cognitive function and protect brain structure from the effects of the aging process and neurodegenerative disease is the goal of non-pharmacologic, lifestyle interventions focused on brain health. This review examines, in turn, current diet and exercise intervention trends and the collective progress made toward understanding their impact on cognition and brain health. The diets covered in this review include the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, and weight loss management. The exercise approaches covered in this review include endurance, resistance, combined exercise programs, yoga, tai chi, and high-intensity interval training. Although valuable evidence is building concerning how diet and exercise influence cognitive performance and brain structure, many of the open questions in the field are concerned with why we see these effects. Therefore, more strategically designed intervention studies are needed to reveal the likely multiple mechanisms of action in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickeal N. Key
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA;
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Amanda N. Szabo-Reed
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Trevino M, Perez S, Sontag S, Olmos A, Jeon S, Richardson L. Influence of Pennation Angle and Muscle Thickness on Mechanomyographic Amplitude-Torque Relationships and Sex-Related Differences in the Vastus Lateralis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020053. [PMID: 37218849 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined potential sex-related differences and correlations among the pennation angle (PA), muscle thickness (MT), and mechanomyographic amplitude (MMGRMS)-torque relationships of the vastus lateralis (VL) in 11 healthy males and 12 healthy females. The PA and MT of the VL were quantified with ultrasound. Participants performed an isometric muscle action of the knee extensors that linearly increased to 70% of maximal strength followed by a 12 s plateau. MMG was recorded from the VL. Linear regression models were fit to the log-transformed MMGRMS-torque relationships to calculate b terms (slopes) for the linearly increasing segment. MMGRMS was averaged during the plateau. Males exhibited greater PA (p < 0.001), MT (p = 0.027), b terms (p = 0.005), and MMGRMS (p = 0.016). The b terms were strongly (p < 0.001, r = 0.772) and moderately correlated (p = 0.004, r = 0.571) with PA and MT, respectively, while MMGRMS was moderately correlated with PA (p = 0.018, r = 0.500) and MT (p = 0.014, r = 0.515). The greater mechanical behavior of individuals possessing a larger PA and MT of the VL may reflect increased cross-bridge activity within the muscle fibers. Additionally, PA may help explain sex-related differences in MMGRMS between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Trevino
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sergio Perez
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stephanie Sontag
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Alex Olmos
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sunggun Jeon
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lyric Richardson
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Gao J, Yu L. Effects of concurrent training sequence on VO 2max and lower limb strength performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1072679. [PMID: 36776981 PMCID: PMC9908959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1072679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of concurrent strength and endurance training sequences on VO2max and lower limb strength performance to provide scientific guidance for training practice. We searched PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science (WOS), Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases up to December 2022. The included articles were randomized controlled trials that allowed us to compare the strength-endurance (S-E) sequence and endurance-strength (E-S) sequence on VO2max, maximum knee extension strength, maximum knee flexion strength, and lower limb power. The Cochrane bias risk tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included literature, and Stata 12.0 was used for the heterogeneity test, subgroup analysis, draw forest map, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias evaluation. The results have been presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) between treatments with 95% confidence intervals and calculations performed using random effects models. Significance was accepted when p < 0.05. The studies included 19 randomized controlled trials (285 males and 197 females), 242 subjects in S-E sequence, and 240 subjects in E-S sequence in the analyses. No difference changes between S-E and E-S sequences has been observed on VO2max in the overall analysis (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.21-0.25, p = 0.859). The S-E sequence shows a greater increase in lower limb strength performance than does the E-S sequence (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.02-0.37, p = 0.032), which was manifested in the elderly (p = 0.039) and women (p = 0.017); in training periods >8 weeks (p = 0.002) and training frequencies twice a week (p = 0.003); and with maximum knee flexion (p = 0.040) and knee extension strength (p = 0.026), while no difference was found in lower limb power (p = 0.523). In conclusion, the effect of VO2max will not change with different concurrent training sequences. The S-E sequence improves lower limb strength more significantly, mainly in the improvement of knee flexion and knee extension. This advantage is more related to factors such as age, gender, training period, and training frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxiang Gao
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, College of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Laboratory of Fitness Training, College of Fitness Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Liang Yu,
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Millet GP, Chamari K. Look to the stars-Is there anything that public health and rehabilitation can learn from elite sports? Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1072154. [PMID: 36755563 PMCID: PMC9900137 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1072154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Correspondence: Grégoire P. Millet
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
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Rodrigues KP, Prado L, de Almeida ML, Yamada AK, Finzeto LC, Bueno Júnior CR. Effects of Combined Versus Multicomponent Training in Physically Active Women Aged 50-75 Years. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:710-717. [PMID: 34735310 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1910119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of combined training (CT) and multicomponent training (MT) on different health parameters in physically active women aged between 50 and 75 years. Method: The participants were randomly divided into two training groups (CT and MT), lasting 180 min per week, for 14 consecutive weeks of training with the level of physical activity, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, strength, cardiorespiratory skills, coordination, flexibility, agility, and quality of life. Results: Participants who underwent CT and MT training showed positive responses regarding the assessment of body mass, waist circumference, lower limb resistance and strength, upper limb strength, and mental domain related to the quality of life. However, only participants undergoing CT were able to increase agility and cardiorespiratory capacities. Conclusion: 14 weeks of CT were more efficient to improve physical capacities in physically active women aged between 50 and 75 years when compared to MT.
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Formighieri C, Müller DC, Sáez de Asteasu ML, Mello A, Teodoro JL, Boeno F, Grazioli R, Cunha GDS, Pietta-Dias C, Izquierdo M, Pinto RS, Cadore EL. Interindividual variability of adaptations following either traditional strength or power training combined to endurance training in older men: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol 2022; 169:111984. [PMID: 36270544 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the interindividual responses following two different concurrent training (CT) regimens in neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and functional outcomes of older men. Thirty-five older men (65.8 ± 3.9 years) were randomly allocated into one of two CT groups: power training (PT) + high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 17); or traditional strength training (TST) + HIIT (n = 18). Maximal dynamic strength (one-repetition maximum, 1RM), rate of force development at 100 milliseconds (RDF100), countermovement jump power (CMJ), quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (QF MT), functional tests (sit-to-stand, timed-up-and-go, and stair climbing), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were assessed pre-, post-8 and post-16 weeks of training. The Chi-squared test was used for assessing differences in the prevalence of responders (Rs), non-responders (NRs), and adverse responders (ARs). Similar prevalence of individual responses (Rs, NRs and ARs) between groups were observed after intervention in almost all outcomes: 1RM; power at CMJ; QF MT, and functional tests (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference in the distribution of Rs, NRs and ARs between groups was observed in the RFD100 after 16 weeks (p = 0.003), with PT + HIIT group presenting high prevalence of Rs than TST + HIIT (100 % vs. 50 %). The inclusion of explosive-type of contractions in a concurrent training regime induces greater responsiveness in the RFD100 in older men, while no differences compared to traditional strength training are observed in maximal strength, muscle size, VO2peak, and functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Formighieri
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diana C Müller
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alexandre Mello
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Teodoro
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francesco Boeno
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovani Dos S Cunha
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pietta-Dias
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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12
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Jiang G, Wu X. Effects of resistance training combined with balance training on physical function among older adults: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062486. [PMID: 36198467 PMCID: PMC9535182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The world's population is ageing. Age-related declines in physical function negatively affect the quality of life but may be ameliorated by certain types of exercise. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of combining resistance training (RT) with balance training on physical function in older community-dwelling adults to provide a reference for this type of exercise compared with other exercises and to provide a theoretical basis for optimising exercise plans to improve physical function among older adults. METHODS This single-blind randomised controlled trial will recruit 66 community dwelling adults 60-89 years of age with normal cognition. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: RT, RT combined with balance training or a control group with usual daily activities. Exercise interventions will be conducted in three 45 min sessions per week for 24 weeks. Primary physical function outcomes will be assessed using the timed up and go test, usual walking speed, maximal walking speed, 30 s chair stand and 30 s arm curl. Secondary assessments will be conducted using the 2 min step test, back scratch test and chair sit-and-reach test. All physical function assessments will be performed at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of exercise interventions. Exercise intensity will be monitored to maintain moderate intensity by heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale. Data that conform to a normal distribution will be expressed as means±SD, otherwise as medians and interquartile intervals. Pretest, mid-test and post-test outcomes will be analysed for within-group and between-group comparisons using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This proposal was reviewed and approved by the Shanghai University of Sport Research Ethics Committee (102772021RT067). The results will be disseminated to the trial participants and as a peer-reviewed publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2200056090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Education, Harbin University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueping Wu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Muscle function and functional performance after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective observational study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16386. [PMID: 36180466 PMCID: PMC9525595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure changes in different properties of skeletal muscles and evaluate their contribution and relationship to changes in functional performance after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD outpatients attending 5 weeks of conventional PR were recruited. Functional performance [5-repetitions sit-to-stand (5STS), and 4-m gait speed (4mGS)], and muscle function (maximal isometric strength, power, force control, and relative concentric and eccentric activation during 5STS) were assessed after PR and 3 months of follow-up. Twenty patients (71 years; 52% of predicted FEV1) completed the study. 4mGS and relative concentric activation during 5STS decreased respectively by 7.7% and 26% between the beginning of PR and follow-up. Quadriceps strength, power, and force control improved by 10.4%, 27.3%, and 15.2%, respectively, from the beginning of PR to follow-up the relative eccentric activation during 5STS explained 31% of the variance in 4mGS changes. In conclusion, functional performance appeared to decline after conventional PR, whereas several properties of skeletal muscles were maintained at follow-up in COPD outpatients. Of note, eccentric contractions might play a role in the improvement of functional performance. Therefore, future studies with interventional design should include eccentric training in PR programs during clinical COPD practice.
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Serial vs. Integrated Outdoor Combined Training Programs for Health Promotion in Middle-Aged Males. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10080122. [PMID: 36006087 PMCID: PMC9416765 DOI: 10.3390/sports10080122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the training and detraining effects of outdoor serial and integrated combined exercise programs on health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices. Fifty-one untrained overweight/obese males (47 ± 4 years) were divided into a serial combined (SCG), an integrated combined (ICG), or a control (CG) group. The SCG and ICG implemented a 3-month training (3 sessions/week) consisting of walking and body weight exercises. The only difference between SCG and ICG was the sequence of aerobic and strength training. In SCG, the strength training was performed before aerobic training, while in ICG the aerobic and the strength training were alternated repeatedly in a predetermined order. Health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices were measured before the training, following the termination of programs, and 1-month after training cessation. Following the training, both the SCG and ICG groups showed reduced blood pressure, heart rate, body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio (3−11%; p < 0.001), with improved respiratory function, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, and balance (14−61%; p < 0.001). After 1-month of training cessation, significant reductions (p < 0.05) were observed in health indices and physical fitness without returning to baseline levels. However, there were no differences between SCG and ICG after training and training cessation (p > 0.05). In CG, all the above variables did not change. Furthermore, a great percentage of participants in both exercise groups (90%) reported high levels of enjoyment. In conclusion, both serial and integrated outdoor combined walking and body weight strength training programs are enjoyable and equally effective for improving health, functional capacity, and physical fitness indices in overweight/obese middle-aged males.
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Hurst C, Sayer AA. Improving muscle strength and physical function in older people living with sarcopenia and physical frailty: Not all exercise is created equal. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2022; 52:166-171. [DOI: 10.1177/14782715221104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an increasingly widely used treatment for older people across a range of clinical conditions including sarcopenia and physical frailty. Whilst exercise can have many benefits for older people, adaptations to exercise are specific to the exercise mode that is performed and not all exercise is created equal. The correct type of exercise, at the correct dose, needs to be prescribed to maximise effectiveness in treating sarcopenia and physical frailty where maintaining or improving muscle strength and physical function represent key aims. Resistance exercise (RE) is the most potent approach to improving muscle strength and physical function and should be prioritised within exercise programmes delivered to this group. Resistance exercise programme design should be underpinned by the fundamental principles of exercise prescription in order to deliver an appropriate and individualised exercise dose to maximise the potential of RE as a treatment for older people living with sarcopenia and physical frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
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Vieira AF, Santos JS, Costa RR, Cadore EL, Macedo RCO. Effects of Protein Supplementation Associated with Resistance Training on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews with Meta-analyses. Sports Med 2022; 52:2511-2522. [PMID: 35689750 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are some controversial findings regarding the benefits of combining protein supplementation with resistance training in order to optimize adaptations to training in older adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence from meta-analyses assessing the effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition and muscle strength in the older population. METHODS We included systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials that examined the effects of protein and/or amino acid supplementation associated with resistance training compared with resistance training alone on lean body mass, muscle mass, and muscle strength in older people. The search was performed using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 checklist, and the quality of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. The pooled effect estimates were computed from the standardized mean difference and the 95% confidence interval achieved by each meta-analysis, using random effects models. RESULTS Five reviews were included, all of moderate methodological quality. In the analyses, protein supplementation combined with resistance training was associated with greater increases in lean body mass and muscle mass when compared with resistance training alone. However, no differences were observed between the interventions on muscle strength increases. The quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. CONCLUSION Protein supplementation associated with resistance training induces greater increases in lean body mass compared with resistance training alone. In addition, it is suggested that the use of protein supplementation enhances gains in muscle mass but does not promote greater increases in muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ferreira Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750, Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90690-200, Brazil. .,Faculdade Sogipa, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 750, Felizardo Street, Porto Alegre, RS, 90690-200, Brazil
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Silva Neto LS, Dos Santos CA, Travassos A, Figueiredo AB, Nunes DP, Rosa TDS, Frauzino FC, de Santana WV, Sesti LF, Nunes GF, Ribeiro EM, Osório NB. THE EFFECT OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING ON FUNCTIONALITY AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN THE OLDER INDIVIDUALS OF A COMMUNITY: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:173-180. [PMID: 35607849 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2021.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle weakness is associated with negative outcomes, in addition to being related to the pathogenesis of frailty and functional disability in the older individuals. Muscle strength and functionality are considered biomarkers of aging. Progressive resistance training (PRT) is a type of training that has been the subject of studies as it presents itself as a therapeutic option to fight the reduction of muscle strength and functionality in older individuals. However, few studies have assessed the clinically-relevant gains in the levels of muscle strength and functionality of older individuals after PRT, in addition to the need of testing new PRT approaches, including individualization and periodization in training programs. Therefore, this article aims to assess the effect of a individual and periodized PRT protocol on handgrip strength and functionality in older individuals. Thus, the study sample included 69 older individuals, divided into two groups: case (n = 41) and control (n = 28). The case group participated in a progressive resistance training protocol for 12 weeks, with two weekly sessions. When compared to the control group, which received only health education, the individuals in the case group had a greater magnitude of improvement in all variables related to the assessed functionality (Timed up and go test, gait speed, and handgrip strength), proving the applicability of the assessed protocol to improve strength and functionality in the older individuals people of a community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Sinesio Silva Neto
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 74385, medical course, 110 SUL ALAMEDA 5, PALMAS, Palmas, TO, Brazil, 77001-090;
| | - Claudio Avelino Dos Santos
- Fundacao Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 74385, University of Maturity, Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil, Palmas, TO, Brazil;
| | - Andrea Travassos
- Fundacao Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 74385, PPG BIONORTE, Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil, Palmas, TO, Brazil;
| | | | - Daniella Pires Nunes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 28132, Faculty of Nursing, State University of Campinas, Brazil, Campinas, SP, Brazil;
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Catholic University of Brasilia, 28106, Faculty of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil;
| | - Fabricio Cavalcante Frauzino
- Fundacao Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 74385, University of Maturity, Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil, Palmas, TO, Brazil;
| | - Wesquisley Vidal de Santana
- Fundacao Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 74385, University of Maturity, Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil, Palmas, TO, Brazil;
| | - Luis Fernando Sesti
- Lutheran University Centre - Campus Palmas, 130247, Faculty of Biomedicine, Lutheran University Center of Palmas, Brazil, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil;
| | | | - Emerson Moura Ribeiro
- Fundacao Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 74385, University of Maturity, Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil, Palmas, TO, Brazil;
| | - Neila Barbosa Osório
- Fundacao Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 74385, University of Maturity, Federal University of Tocantins, Brazil, Palmas, TO, Brazil;
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The Effects of 32 Weeks of Multicomponent Training with Different Exercises Order in Elderly Women’s Functional Fitness and Body Composition. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050628. [PMID: 35630045 PMCID: PMC9146974 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Starting the multicomponent training sessions with aerobic-based exercises or resistance-based exercises may have different effects on functional fitness and body composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of the order of exercises in elderly women’s physical fitness and body composition by multicomponent training. Materials and Methods: A sample of 91 elderly females, aged between 60 and 81, were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, C). Each group performed the following order of exercises: Group A consisted of warm-up followed by aerobic training, strength training, stretching and cool down; Group B consisted of warm-up followed by strength training, aerobic training, stretching and cool down; while the control group (C) did not perform any exercise. Functional fitness and body composition were assessed at 3 moments of the 32 weeks (baseline and after each 16-week) intervention. One-way ANOVA for comparison between groups, ANOVA for repeated measures and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that the functional fitness and body composition varied over the 32 weeks of multicomponent training. However, group A seems to show higher improvements in more variables. Conclusion: In the current study, group A obtained better results in most of the evaluated parameters. Thus, to improve functional fitness, warm-up, followed by aerobic training, strength training and relaxation may be the most suitable training for elderly women.
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Viecelli C, Aguayo D. May the Force and Mass Be With You-Evidence-Based Contribution of Mechano-Biological Descriptors of Resistance Exercise. Front Physiol 2022; 12:686119. [PMID: 35069229 PMCID: PMC8769283 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the most important tissues of the human body. It comprises up to 40% of the body mass and is crucial to survival. Hence, the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength is pivotal. It is well-established that resistance exercise provides a potent anabolic stimulus to increase muscle mass and strength in men and women of all ages. Resistance exercise consists of mechano-biological descriptors, such as load, muscle action, number of repetitions, repetition duration, number of sets, rest interval between sets, frequency, volitional muscular failure, and range of motion, which can be manipulated. Herein, we discuss the evidence-based contribution of these mechano-biological descriptors to muscle mass and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Viecelli
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Silva JC, Brandão EM, Puga GM, Kanitz AC. The execution order of the concurrent training and its effects on static and dynamic balance, and muscle strength of elderly people. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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21
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Graça Á, Fonseca HS, Pina FLC, Fiorillo RG, Mayhew JL, Gerage AM, Oliveira DVD, Nascimento MAD. Effects of different order of combined training on functional capacity, blood pressure, and body composition in women from 53 to 79 years old. GERIATRICS, GERONTOLOGY AND AGING 2022. [DOI: 10.53886/gga.e0220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effects of order of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on functional capacity, blood pressure, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Methods: Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: RT followed by HIIT (RT-HIIT, n = 10, mean age 64.5 ± 7.9 years) or HIIT followed by RT (HIIT-RT, n = 10, mean age 59.32 ± 4.44 years). Both groups trained twice a week for 8 weeks. RT was composed of 7 exercises for the upper and lower body. HIIT was composed of alternate pairings of high-intensity (> 85% of maximum heart rate [MHR]) and moderate-intensity (60% MHR) running. Results: A time effect was found for upper-body muscle endurance (HIIT-RT = +9.43%; RT-HIIT = +6.16%), agility and dynamic balance (HIIT-RT = -5.96%; RT-HIIT = -8.57%), and cardiorespiratory fitness (HIIT-RT = +5.14%; RT-HIIT = +6.13%), with no difference between groups. Body composition and blood pressure did not change throughout the investigation for either group. Conclusion: Eight weeks of a combined HIIT and RT exercise program improved functional capacity of middle-aged and older women without altering blood pressure and body composition, regardless of the order of exercises.
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22
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Delgado-Floody P, Soriano-Maldonado A, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Latorre-Román PÁ, Martínez-Salazar C, Vargas CA, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Jerez-Mayorga D, Álvarez C. The Effects of Two Different Concurrent Training Configurations on Markers of Metabolic Syndrome and Fitness in Women With Severe/Morbid Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2021; 12:694798. [PMID: 34621181 PMCID: PMC8491741 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent training (CT), characterised by combining both aerobic and resistance training modalities within the same session, is recognised to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, but little is known about the effects of different configurations (i.e., order) of these exercise modalities on MetS markers and the interindividual responses. The purpose of the present study was to describe the effects, and the interindividual variability, of 20weeks of two CT configurations (i.e., high intensity interval training (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT), compared with RT plus HIIT) in women with severe/morbid obesity. Overall, 26 women with severe/morbid obesity were assigned either to HIIT+RT [n=14, mean and 95%CI, 45.79 (40.74; 50.83) or RT+HIIT (n=12), 33.6 (25.30; 41.79) years]. MetS-related outcomes were waist circumference (WC, cm), systolic (SBP, mmHg) and diastolic (DBP, mmHg) blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Secondary outcomes were other anthropometrics, body composition, lipids, muscle strength, and the six-minute walk test (6Mwt). There were significant differences in the prevalence of nonresponders (NRs) only for WC comparing HIIT+RT 2 (18.1%) vs. RT+HIIT group 5 (50.0%), p<0.0001, but not for SBP 4 (27.2%) vs. 4 (40.0%), DBP 8 (72.7%) vs. 7 (70.0%), FPG 8 (72.7%) vs. 9 (90.0%), HDL-c 7 (63.6%) vs. 8 (80.0%), and Tg 7 (63.6%) vs. 8 (80.0%), all p>0.05. Additionally, the RT+HIIT group showed significant reductions in WC (∆ –3.84cm, p=0.015), SBP (∆ –8.46mmHg, p=0.040), whereas the HIIT+RT group elicited significant reductions only in SBP (∆ –8.43mmHg, p=0.022). The HIIT+RT promoted a lower prevalence of NRs than the RT+HIIT configuration on WC, and overall, there were slightly more beneficial training-induced effects on markers of MetS in the RT+HIIT group compared to the HIIT+RT group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | | | - Claudia Andrea Vargas
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Effects of aerobic training combined with strength training with elastic resistance on functional capacity of older adults: a controlled randomized clinical trial. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Müller DC, Boeno FP, Izquierdo M, Aagaard P, Teodoro JL, Grazioli R, Cunha G, Ferrari R, Saez de Asteasu ML, Pinto RS, Cadore EL. Effects of high-intensity interval training combined with traditional strength or power training on functionality and physical fitness in healthy older men: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111321. [PMID: 33757813 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent training (CT) is an efficient strategy to improve neuromuscular function and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults, which are factors of pivotal importance for the maintenance of functional capacity with aging. However, there is a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of power training (PT) as an alternative to traditional strength training (TST) during CT. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 16 weeks (twice weekly) TST combined with high intensity interval training (TST + HIIT) vs. PT combined with HIIT (PT + HIIT) on functional performance, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in older men. Thirty five older men (65.8 ± 3.9 years) were randomly allocated into two training groups: TST + HIIT (n = 18), and PT + HIIT (n = 17). TST + HIIT performed resistance training at intensities ranging from 65% to 80% 1RM at slow controlled speed (≅ 2 s for each concentric phase), whereas PT + HIIT trained at intensities ranging from 40% to 60% of 1RM at maximal intentional speed. Both groups performed HIIT at intensities ranging from 75 to 90% of VO2peak. Participants performed functional tests (sit-to-stand, timed-up-and-go, stair climbing); cardiopulmonary exercise testing (maximal cycling power output: Wmax, peak oxygen uptake: VO2peak, cycling economy), as well as body composition assessment (DXA) before, post 8 and post 16 weeks of training. The groups improved similarly (P < 0.05) with training in all functional capacity outcomes, Wmax, cycling economy, VO2peak and body composition (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that HIIT based CT programs involving TST vs. PT are equally effective in improving functionality, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in healthy older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carolina Müller
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francesco Pinto Boeno
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Juliana Lopes Teodoro
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovani Cunha
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ferrari
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mikel L Saez de Asteasu
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Harper C, Gopalan V, Goh J. Exercise rescues mitochondrial coupling in aged skeletal muscle: a comparison of different modalities in preventing sarcopenia. J Transl Med 2021; 19:71. [PMID: 33593349 PMCID: PMC7885447 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is associated with a decline in motor function and loss of muscle mass- a condition known as sarcopenia. The underlying mechanisms that drive this pathology are associated with a failure in energy generation in skeletal muscle, either from age-related decline in mitochondrial function, or from disuse. To an extent, lifelong exercise is efficacious in preserving the energetic properties of skeletal muscle and thus may delay the onset of sarcopenia. This review discusses the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during the aging process and how different exercise modalities work to reverse these changes. A key factor that will be described is the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling—ATP production relative to O2 uptake in myocytes and how that efficiency is a main driver for age-associated decline in skeletal muscle function. With that, we postulate the most effective exercise modality and protocol for reversing the molecular hallmarks of skeletal muscle aging and staving off sarcopenia. Two other concepts pertinent to mitochondrial efficiency in exercise-trained skeletal muscle will be integrated in this review, including- mitophagy, the removal of dysfunctional mitochondrial via autophagy, as well as the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Harper
- Clinical Translation Unit (CTU), Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
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Barbosa-Silva TG, Gonzalez MC, Bielemann RM, Santos LP, Costa CDS, Menezes AMB. 2 + 2 (+ 2) = 4: A new approach for appendicular muscle mass assessment by ultrasound. Nutrition 2020; 83:111056. [PMID: 33348110 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop new appendicular lean mass (ALM) prediction models based on ultrasound and anthropometric measurements. METHODS This was a cross-sectional assessment of a subsample from a population-based study (COMO VAI?), conducted with community-dwelling individuals ≥60 y of age living in a southern Brazilian city. ALM was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Muscle thickness (MT) from supine participants was assessed by ultrasound on the anterior aspect of both upper and lower limbs. Such measures, along with anthropometric data, were used to develop prediction models (multivariable linear regression) through the backward stepwise method. RESULTS The study included 190 participants composed mainly of women, white, and middle-class individuals. The best ALM predictive performance was achieved by a model based on two "lengths" (height and arm length), two circumferences (dominant arm and thigh), and two ultrasound-measured MTs (dominant arm and thigh): R2 = 0.90, limits of agreement: ±2.36 kg. Closely satisfactory results were also achieved by an "abbreviated" model composed by the two aforementioned "lengths" and MTs (R2 = 0.89, limits of agreement: ±2.51 kg). ALM estimates from both equations were unbiased and similar to DXA measurements (P = 0.13 and 0.09, respectively). Bootstrap analysis favorably suggested the validity of the models. CONCLUSIONS Based on two ultrasound assessments and a few anthropometric measurements, the developed equations produced accurate and unbiased ALM estimates in the sample. Hence: 2 MTs + 2 lengths (+ 2 circumferences) = 4 limbs' muscle mass. Such models might represent promising alternatives for muscle assessment among older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago G Barbosa-Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Renata M Bielemann
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Nutrition College, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Dos S Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria B Menezes
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Effects of Concurrent Training Order on Follistatin, Physical Fitness Factors and Functional Capacity of Postmenopausal Women. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.52547/mlj.14.6.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Effect of a 6-week strength-training program on neuromuscular efficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetol Int 2020; 11:376-382. [PMID: 33088645 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-020-00432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The neuromuscular system generates human movement. The functional capacity of the neuromuscular system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is decreased and this affects the generation of muscle force. Exercise is recommended as an effective treatment in such cases. Short-duration strength training causes neural adaptations in healthy participants, but the effects of strength training on T2DM are unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of strength training on neuromuscular efficiency of lower limb muscles in T2DM. Methods Surface electromyograms (SEMG) of the knee flexors and extensors were recorded during isometric contractions. The ratio of peak torque to SEMG amplitude was calculated as neuromuscular efficiency. Measurements were taken before the intervention after 6 weeks of non-training, and after 6 weeks of strength training. Results SEMG amplitudes did not differ among the subsequent measurement sessions. Flexor and extensor peak torque increased after the strength-training program. The neuromuscular efficiency of all muscles increased after the 6 weeks of strength training. Conclusion A 6-week strength-training program increased the neuromuscular efficiency and peak torque in patients with T2DM; however, the electrical properties of the muscles did not change. These results may be related to increased neural adaptations and motor learning in the early stages of strength training.
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Teodoro JL, Izquierdo M, da Silva LXN, Baroni BM, Grazioli R, Lopez P, Fritsch CG, Radaelli R, Saez de Asteasu ML, Bottaro M, Farinha JB, Pinto RS, Cadore EL. Effects of long-term concurrent training to failure or not in muscle power output, muscle quality and cardiometabolic risk factors in older men: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111023. [PMID: 32697957 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of concurrent training performed either with repetitions to failure or not to failure in muscle power, muscle quality (MQ), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and visceral fat in older men. This is an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. 36 older men (mean age ± SD; 67.1 ± 5.1 years) were randomized into three groups: one performing repetitions to failure (RFG, n = 13), another performing repetitions not to failure and 50% of the repetitions of the RFG (NFG, n = 12), and third performing repetitions not to failure with equal training volume of the RFG (ENFG, n = 11). The training was performed twice a week for 20 weeks at intensities ranging from 65 to 80% of maximal strength. In each session, the individuals started with strengthening exercises and then performed aerobic exercise (i.e., walking) on a treadmill. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to post-20 wk of absolute and relative muscle power output during squat and countermovement jump, ultrasound measurements for MQ using quadriceps echo intensity, and visceral fat thickness, as well as their VO2peak through a maximal incremental test on a treadmill. All training groups improved similarly and significantly jump height (ranging from 9 to 16%) and all their muscle power outcomes (mean change ranging from 2 to 7%) (P < .001). In addition, all groups significantly decreased visceral fat thickness (ranging from -11 to -21%) (P < .001), and significantly increased VO2peak (ranging from 4 to 8%) (P < .01), with no differences between groups. No changes were observed in the MQ outcomes. Concurrent training performed using repetitions to failure or not to failure promoted similar gains in the muscle power output, aerobic capacity, and visceral fat in healthy older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L Teodoro
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Larissa X N da Silva
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Lopez
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina G Fritsch
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Régis Radaelli
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mikel L Saez de Asteasu
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Martim Bottaro
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Almarzouki R, Bains G, Lohman E, Bradley B, Nelson T, Alqabbani S, Alonazi A, Daher N. Improved balance in middle-aged adults after 8 weeks of a modified version of Otago Exercise Program: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235734. [PMID: 32667956 PMCID: PMC7363097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to examine dynamic balance changes (reach distance) in middle-aged adults using the Y Balance Test (YBT) following 8 weeks of home-based exercise program adapted from the Otago Exercise Program (OEP). Methods Fifty-two healthy middle-aged adults with mean age of 54.4±5.4 years and body mass index of 27.7±5.7 kg/m2 were randomly assigned into either the exercise group (a modification of the Otago Exercise Program, that consisted of home-based balance and strength exercises) or the non-exercise group (continuation of usual lifestyle) by having the participants select a paper from a sealed envelope. The YBT was used to measure participants’ dynamic balance in the right and left anterior (RA, LA), posteromedial (RPM, LPM), and posterolateral (RPL, LPL) directions. Results The outcome in this trial was reach distance (cm). There was a significant group by time interaction in terms of reach distance for all directions (p<0.05, η2 ranged from 0.06 to 0.20). In the exercise group, results of the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant improvements in the reach distance in all the directions (p<0.001). In contrast, the non-exercise group had significant difference only in the left posterolateral direction (p = 0.009). Participants in the exercise group achieved significantly greater reach distance (cm) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for RA[(2.8, 0.4 to 5.2), p = 0.023]; LA[(3.2, 0.9 to 5.6), p = 0.008]; RPM[(4.0, 1.0 to 7.9), p = 0.046]; LPM[(5.8,1.3 to 10.3), p = 0.013]; RPL[(7.6, 2.6 to 12.6), p = 0.003]; and LPL[(4.2, 0.3 to 8.2), p = 0.035]. Conclusion The modified version of OEP appears to be effective in improving parameters of dynamic balance in the middle-aged adult population. The improvements in YBT reach distance in the exercise group are indicative of the significance of performing balance and strength exercises regularly for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Almarzouki
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Gurinder Bains
- Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Everett Lohman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce Bradley
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Todd Nelson
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Samiah Alqabbani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alonazi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Daher
- Department of Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
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Lee MJC, Ballantyne JK, Chagolla J, Hopkins WG, Fyfe JJ, Phillips SM, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. Order of same-day concurrent training influences some indices of power development, but not strength, lean mass, or aerobic fitness in healthy, moderately-active men after 9 weeks of training. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233134. [PMID: 32407361 PMCID: PMC7224562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of concurrent exercise order for improving endurance and resistance adaptations remains unclear, particularly when sessions are performed a few hours apart. We investigated the effects of concurrent training (in alternate orders, separated by ~3 hours) on endurance and resistance training adaptations, compared to resistance-only training. Materials and methods Twenty-nine healthy, moderately-active men (mean ± SD; age 24.5 ± 4.7 y; body mass 74.9 ± 10.8 kg; height 179.7 ± 6.5 cm) performed either resistance-only training (RT, n = 9), or same-day concurrent training whereby high-intensity interval training was performed either 3 hours before (HIIT+RT, n = 10) or after resistance training (RT+HIIT, n = 10), for 3 d.wk-1 over 9 weeks. Training-induced changes in leg press 1-repetition maximal (1-RM) strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, body composition, peak oxygen uptake ( V˙O2peak), aerobic power ( W˙peak), and lactate threshold ( W˙LT) were assessed before, and after both 5 and 9 weeks of training. Results After 9 weeks, all training groups increased leg press 1-RM (~24–28%) and total lean mass (~3-4%), with no clear differences between groups. Both concurrent groups elicited similar small-to-moderate improvements in all markers of aerobic fitness ( V˙O2peak ~8–9%; W˙LT ~16-20%; W˙peak ~14-15%). RT improved CMJ displacement (mean ± SD, 5.3 ± 6.3%), velocity (2.2 ± 2.7%), force (absolute: 10.1 ± 10.1%), and power (absolute: 9.8 ± 7.6%; relative: 6.0 ± 6.6%). HIIT+RT elicited comparable improvements in CMJ velocity only (2.2 ± 2.7%). Compared to RT, RT+HIIT attenuated CMJ displacement (mean difference ± 90%CI, -5.1 ± 4.3%), force (absolute: -8.2 ± 7.1%) and power (absolute: -6.0 ± 4.7%). Only RT+HIIT reduced absolute fat mass (mean ± SD, -11.0 ± 11.7%). Conclusions In moderately-active males, concurrent training, regardless of the exercise order, presents a viable strategy to improve lower-body maximal strength and total lean mass comparably to resistance-only training, whilst also improving indices of aerobic fitness. However, improvements in CMJ displacement, force, and power were attenuated when RT was performed before HIIT, and as such, exercise order may be an important consideration when designing training programs in which the goal is to improve lower-body power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. -C. Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Javier Chagolla
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William G. Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jackson J. Fyfe
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joonalup, Australia
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Bagheri R, Moghadam BH, Church DD, Tinsley GM, Eskandari M, Moghadam BH, Motevalli MS, Baker JS, Robergs RA, Wong A. The effects of concurrent training order on body composition and serum concentrations of follistatin, myostatin and GDF11 in sarcopenic elderly men. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Schardong J, Falster M, Sisto IR, Barbosa APO, Normann TC, de Souza KS, Jaroceski G, Bozzetto CB, Baroni BM, Plentz RDM. Photobiomodulation therapy increases functional capacity of patients with chronic kidney failure: randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:119-129. [PMID: 32333337 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in different populations as a strategy to attenuate muscle fatigue and improve exercise performance. Recent findings demonstrated that a single session with specific PBM doses during hemodialysis (HD) increased the upper limb muscle strength of chronic kidney failure (CKF) patients. Now, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the chronic effect of PBM on the functional capacity of this population. Secondarily, we aimed at investigating the effects of PBM on the patients' strength, muscle thickness and echogenicity, perception of pain, fatigue, and quality of life. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in which the intervention group (IG, n = 14) received 24 sessions of PBM (810 nm, 5 diodes × 200 mW, 30 J/application site) on lower limb during HD. The control group (CG, n = 14) did not receive any physical therapy intervention, it only underwent HD sessions. As a result, there was an increase in the functional capacity (assessed through the six-minute walk test) for the IG compared with the CG [50.7 m (CI95% 15.63; 85.72), p = 0.01, large effect size, d = 1.12], as well as an improvement on lower limb muscle strength (assessed through the sit-and-stand test) [- 7.4 s (CI95% - 4.54; - 10.37), p = 0.00, large effect size, d = 1.99]. For other outcomes evaluated, no significant difference between-group was observed. Finally, PBM applied as monotherapy for 8 weeks in the lower limb improves functional capacity and muscle strength of CKF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jociane Schardong
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Falster
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isadora Rebolho Sisto
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Oliveira Barbosa
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Coser Normann
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kellen Sábio de Souza
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Jaroceski
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Bassani Bozzetto
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Della Méa Plentz
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Adaptations in mechanical muscle function, muscle morphology, and aerobic power to high-intensity endurance training combined with either traditional or power strength training in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1165-1177. [PMID: 32239311 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a lack of information on the effects of power training (PT) as an alternative to traditional strength training (TST) during concurrent training (CT) in older individuals. This study aimed to verify the neuromuscular adaptations that occurred following 16-week interventions with two CT models in older men: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with either TST or PT. METHODS Thirty-five older men (65.8 ± 3.9 years) were randomly assigned into one of two training groups CTS: TST + HIIT (n = 18) or CTP: PT + HIIT (n = 17). CTS performed resistance training at intensities ranging from 65 to 80% of 1 RM at slow controlled speed, whereas CTP trained at intensities ranging from 40 to 60% of 1 RM at maximal intentional speed. Lower body one-repetition maximum (1 RM), isometric rate of force development (RFD), countermovement jump (CMJ) muscle power output, quadriceps femoris muscles thickness (QF MT), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were assessed before training and after 8 and 16 weeks of CT. RESULTS Groups improved similarly in all primary outcomes (P < 0.05), with mean increases ranging: 1 RM (from 39.4 to 75.8%); RFD (from 9.9 to 64.8%); and CMJ muscle power (from 1.8 to 5.2%). Significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in all secondary outcomes (QF MT, specific tension and VO2peak) with no differences between groups. CONCLUSION CT models were effective for improving maximal and explosive force (1 RM, RFD, and CMJ power), QF MT, and VO2peak. Moreover, despite that using lower loading intensities, PT induced similar adaptations to those of TST.
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Moghadam BH, Bagheri R, Ashtary-Larky D, Tinsley GM, Eskandari M, Wong A, Moghadam BH, Kreider RB, Baker JS. The Effects of Concurrent Training Order on Satellite Cell-Related Markers, Body Composition, Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Men with Sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:796-804. [PMID: 32744578 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concurrent Training (CT) is described as a combination of resistance training (RT) and endurance training (ET) in a periodized program to maximize all aspects of physical performance. To date, effects of CT order on muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness adaptations are controversial. Owing to the age-related decrement in satellite cells (SC) which are critical for fiber repair, conservation, muscle hypertrophy as well as cardiorespiratory fitness, the present study examined the response of SC related markers to CT order in older sarcopenic men. PARTICIPANTS Thirty older men (age= 64.3 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned into one of 3 groups, ET followed by RT (E+R; n=10), RT followed by ET (R+E; n= 10) or a control (C; n=10). INTERVENTION The training protocol consisted of 3 exercise sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 48 hours after the final training session. RESULTS Weight, skeletal muscle mass, lower and upper body power, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), Paired Box 7 (Pax7), and Myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) significantly increased, while were percent body fat significantly decreased following E+R and R+E compared to C. Importantly, the improvement in skeletal muscle mass, lower and upper body power, Myf5 and Pax7 in the E+R was significantly greater than the R+E group. Myogenin (Myog) and Paired Box 3 (Pax3) significantly increased (P < 0.01) in both training groups compared to no changes in C. CONCLUSION An 8-week CT intervention improves SC related markers, body composition and enhances power and VO2max in older sarcopenic participants, regardless of the order of RT and ET. However, performing ET before RT may be more effective at enhancing skeletal muscle mass, Myf5 and Pax7, in addition to both lower and upper body power. While both CT programs produced notable physiological and performance benefits, performing ET before RT during CT may provide the greatest therapeutic benefits for aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Moghadam
- Julien S Baker, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Office Tel: +852 3411 8032, Fax: +852 3411 5757, e-mail:
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Macedo AG, Oliveira DMD, Simionato AR. The Influence of the Aerobic Training on Muscle Hypertrophy: Literature Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n4p382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe literature presents some studies that show that aerobic exercise is responsible for mediating muscle catabolism. Thus, it is interpreted that continuous aerobic exercise produces little or no increase in muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of this review was to demonstrate the effects of aerobic training on muscle hypertrophy alone or in conjunction with resistance training. The present study is characterized by a review of the narrative literature, the databases of SciELO, Google academic and PubMed were consulted. Many studies show that aerobic training (AT) can promote hypertrophic responses in untrained individuals, however, these responses are related to exercise variables such as intensity, volume, frequency, and modality. Higher, continuous or interval intensities, at least 80% of the HRR, seem to be capable of promoting hypertrophic responses when compared to low intensities. In addition, the training volume may also influence this response and different modalities may have a distinct response to muscle hypertrophy. While the combination of TA and resistance training (TR) corresponds to concurrent training (CT), the literature demonstrates that AT in CT can negatively affect acute and chronic hypertrophic responses depending on intensity, volume, mode and training schedule. Keywords: Exercise. Physical Education and Training. Metabolism. ResumoA literatura apresenta alguns estudos que mostram que exercício aeróbio é responsável por mediar o catabolismo muscular. Dessa maneira, interpreta-se que o exercício contínuo aeróbio produz pouco ou nenhum aumento na hipertrofia muscular. O objetivo desta revisão foi demonstrar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio sobre a hipertrofia muscular de forma isolada ou em conjunto com o treinamento resistido. O presente estudo caracteriza-se um delineamento de revisão de literatura narrativa, foram consultadas as bases de dados do SciELO, Google acadêmico e PubMed. Muitos estudos mostram que o treinamento aeróbio (TA) pode promover respostas hipertróficas em indivíduos não treinados, entretanto, estas respostas estão relacionadas às variáveis do exercícios como intensidade, volume, frequência e modalidade. Intensidades mais altas, contínuas ou intervaladas, no mínimo 80% da FCR, parecem ser capazes de promover respostas hipertróficas quando comparado a baixas intensidades. Além disso, o volume do treinamento também pode influenciar esta resposta e diferentes modalidades podem ter resposta distinta sobre a hipertrofia muscular. Enquanto a combinação do TA com o treinamento resistido (TR) corresponde ao treinamento concorrente (TC), a literatura demonstra que o TA no TC pode interferir negativamente nas respostas hipertróficas de maneira aguda e crônica dependendo da intensidade, volume, modalidade e programação de treinamento. Palavras-chave: Exercício. Educação Física e Treinamento. Metabolismo.
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Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S, Izquierdo M, Kraemer WJ, Peterson MD, Ryan ED. Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2019-2052. [PMID: 31343601 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fragala, MS, Cadore, EL, Dorgo, S, Izquierdo, M, Kraemer, WJ, Peterson, MD, and Ryan, ED. Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the national strength and conditioning association. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2019-2052, 2019-Aging, even in the absence of chronic disease, is associated with a variety of biological changes that can contribute to decreases in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. Such losses decrease physiologic resilience and increase vulnerability to catastrophic events. As such, strategies for both prevention and treatment are necessary for the health and well-being of older adults. The purpose of this Position Statement is to provide an overview of the current and relevant literature and provide evidence-based recommendations for resistance training for older adults. As presented in this Position Statement, current research has demonstrated that countering muscle disuse through resistance training is a powerful intervention to combat the loss of muscle strength and muscle mass, physiological vulnerability, and their debilitating consequences on physical functioning, mobility, independence, chronic disease management, psychological well-being, quality of life, and healthy life expectancy. This Position Statement provides evidence to support recommendations for successful resistance training in older adults related to 4 parts: (a) program design variables, (b) physiological adaptations, (c) functional benefits, and (d) considerations for frailty, sarcopenia, and other chronic conditions. The goal of this Position Statement is to a) help foster a more unified and holistic approach to resistance training for older adults, b) promote the health and functional benefits of resistance training for older adults, and c) prevent or minimize fears and other barriers to implementation of resistance training programs for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Exercise Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sandor Dorgo
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan-Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eric D Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Shamim B, Devlin BL, Timmins RG, Tofari P, Lee Dow C, Coffey VG, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Adaptations to Concurrent Training in Combination with High Protein Availability: A Comparative Trial in Healthy, Recreationally Active Men. Sports Med 2019; 48:2869-2883. [PMID: 30341593 PMCID: PMC6244626 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background We implemented a high-protein diet (2 g·kg−1·d−1) throughout 12 weeks of concurrent exercise training to determine whether interferences to adaptation in muscle hypertrophy, strength and power could be attenuated compared to resistance training alone. Methods Thirty-two recreationally active males (age: 25 ± 5 years, body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg·m−2; mean ± SD) performed 12 weeks of either isolated resistance (RES; n = 10) or endurance (END; n = 10) training (three sessions·w−1), or concurrent resistance and endurance (CET; n = 12) training (six sessions·w−1). Maximal strength (1RM), body composition and power were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results Leg press 1RM increased ~ 24 ± 13% and ~ 33 ± 16% in CET and RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Total lean mass increased ~ 4% in both CET and RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001). Ultrasound estimated vastus lateralis volume increased ~ 15% in CET and ~ 11% in RES from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.001), with no difference between groups. Wingate peak power relative to body mass displayed a trend (P = 0.053) to be greater in RES (12.5 ± 1.6 W·kg BM−1) than both CET (10.8 ± 1.7 W·kg BM−1) and END (10.9 ± 1.8 W·kg BM−1) at POST. Absolute VO2peak increased 6.9% in CET and 12% in END from PRE-to-POST (P < 0.05), with no difference between groups. Conclusion Despite high protein availability, select measures of anaerobic power-based adaptations, but not muscle strength or hypertrophy, appear susceptible to ‘interference effects’ with CET and should be closely monitored throughout training macro-cycles. Trials Registry: This trial was registered with the Australian-New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001229369). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40279-018-0999-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baubak Shamim
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brooke L Devlin
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan G Timmins
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Tofari
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Connor Lee Dow
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vernon G Coffey
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport and Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Donny M Camera
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Comparisons of low-intensity versus moderate-intensity combined aerobic and resistance training on body composition, muscle strength, and functional performance in older women. Menopause 2019; 25:668-675. [PMID: 29406427 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise order of combined aerobic and low- or moderate-intensity resistance training into the same session on body composition, functional performance, and muscle strength in healthy older women. Furthermore, this study compared the effects of different (low- vs moderate-) intensity combined training. METHODS A total of 60 healthy older women (age 61-81 y) were randomly assigned to five groups that performed aerobic exercise before low-intensity resistance training (AR-L, n = 12) or after resistance training (RA-L, n = 12), performed aerobic exercise before moderate-intensity resistance training (AR-M, n = 12) or after resistance training (RA-M, n = 12), or nonintervention control conditions (CON, n = 12). Body composition, functional performance, and muscle strength were evaluated before and after the 10-week training. RESULTS No effects of exercise order of combined aerobic and low- or moderate-intensity resistance training (AR-L vs RA-L, AR-M vs RA-M) were observed in body composition, functional performance, or muscle strength, whereas the effects of training intensity of combined training (AR-L vs AR-M, RA-L vs RA-M) were observed on functional performance. All combined trainings significantly increased muscle strength and gait ability (P < 0.01, respectively). Functional reach test significantly increased in the AR-M and RA-M groups (P < 0.01, respectively), and there were significant group differences between AR-L and AR-M (P = 0.002), RA-L and RA-M (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings suggest that combined aerobic and low- or moderate-intensity resistance training increases muscle strength and improves gait ability, regardless of the exercise order. Also, greater improvement in dynamic balance capacity, a risk factor associated with falling, is observed in moderate-intensity combined training.
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Sañudo B, González-Navarrete Á, Álvarez-Barbosa F, de Hoyo M, Del Pozo J, Rogers ME. Effect of Flywheel Resistance Training on Balance Performance in Older Adults. A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sports Sci Med 2019; 18:344-350. [PMID: 31191105 PMCID: PMC6543991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of flywheel resistance exercise training on postural stability and mobility in older adults and to investigate whether changes in power are related to improvements in balance. Thirty-six participants were randomly allocated to either a flywheel resistance exercise training group (ETG; n = 18) who underwent 6-weeks of training (2 to 3 days per week) or a control group (CON; n = 18). The average power and Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV) were computed. Timed up-and-go test (TUG) and postural balance (anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) center of pressure (COP) excursions) in different tasks were also assessed. Within-group analyses showed a significantly better performance in mobility (TUG, p < 0.01) and COPAP with open eyes (p < 0.05) for ETG. Between-groups analyses showed significant improvements in TUG (-0.68 [-1.25 to -0.98]) and in COPAP (-2.90 [-4.82 to -0.99]) in ETG compared with CON. Mean power also increased in ETG and the changes were related to those observed in stability (COP; r = -0.378, p < 0.05). In conclusion flywheel resistance exercise training improved balance and mobility in older adults as well as muscle power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sañudo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Moisés de Hoyo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Pozo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Michael E Rogers
- Department of Human Performance Studies, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
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Teodoro JL, da Silva LXN, Fritsch CG, Baroni BM, Grazioli R, Boeno FP, Lopez P, Gentil P, Bottaro M, Pinto RS, Izquierdo M, Cadore EL. Concurrent training performed with and without repetitions to failure in older men: A randomized clinical trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1141-1152. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L. Teodoro
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Larissa X. Neves da Silva
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Carolina G. Fritsch
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Bruno M. Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Francesco P. Boeno
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pedro Lopez
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiania Brazil
| | - Martim Bottaro
- Faculdade de Educação Física Universidade de Brasília Brasilia Brazil
| | - Ronei S. Pinto
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences Public University of Navarre Pamplona Spain
| | - Eduardo L. Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Fairbairn P, Tsofliou F, Johnson A, Dyall SC. Combining a high DHA multi-nutrient supplement with aerobic exercise: Protocol for a randomised controlled study assessing mobility and cognitive function in older women. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 143:21-30. [PMID: 30975379 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a complex interplay between cognition and gait in older people, with declines in gait speed coexisting with, or preceding cognitive decline. Omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, vitamin E, phosphatidylserine, and Ginkgo Biloba show promise in preserving mobility and cognitive function in older adults. Exercise benefits mobility and there is evidence suggesting positive interactions between exercise and omega-3 fatty acids on physical and cognitive function in older adults. Non-frail or pre-frail females aged ≥60 years are included in a randomized placebo controlled study. Intervention groups are: high DHA multi-nutrient supplement and exercise, placebo supplement and exercise, high DHA multi-nutrient supplement, and placebo supplement. Dietary supplementation is 24 weeks. The exercise intervention, two cycle ergometer classes per week, is for the final 12 weeks. The primary outcome is habitual walking speed, secondary outcomes include gait variables under single and dual task, five times sit to stand, verbal and spatial memory, executive function, interference control and health related quality of life. Blood fatty acids, serum homocysteine, dietary intake, physical activity, and verbal intelligence are measured to assess compliance and control for confounding factors. The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03228550).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fairbairn
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cognition and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Centre, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Simon C Dyall
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, U.K.
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Benítez-Flores S, Medeiros AR, Voltarelli FA, Iglesias-Soler E, Doma K, Simões HG, Rosa TS, Boullosa DA. Combined effects of very short "all out" efforts during sprint and resistance training on physical and physiological adaptations after 2 weeks of training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1337-1351. [PMID: 30879186 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the combined effects of resistance and sprint training, with very short efforts (5 s), on aerobic and anaerobic performances, and cardiometabolic health-related parameters in young healthy adults. METHODS Thirty young physically active individuals were randomly allocated into four groups: resistance training (RTG), sprint interval training (SITG), concurrent training (CTG), and control (CONG). Participants trained 3 days/week for 2 weeks in the high-intensity interventions that consisted of 6-12 "all out" efforts of 5 s separated by 24 s of recovery, totalizing ~ 13 min per session, with 48-72 h of recovery between sessions. Body composition, vertical jump, lower body strength, aerobic and anaerobic performances, heart rate variability (HRV), and redox status were evaluated before and after training. Total work (TW), rating of perceived exertion (CR-10 RPE) and mean HR (HRmean) were monitored during sessions. Incidental physical activity (PA), dietary intake and perceived stress were also controlled. RESULTS Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) significantly increased in SITG and CTG (P < 0.05). Lower body strength improved in RTG and CTG (P < 0.05), while countermovement jump (CMJ) was improved in RTG (P = 0.04) only. Redox status improved after all interventions (P < 0.05). No differences were found in TW, PA, dietary intake, and psychological stress between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RT and SIT protocols with very short "all out" efforts, either performed in isolation, or combined, demonstrated improvement in several physical fitness- and health-related parameters. However, CT was the most efficient exercise intervention with improvement observed in the majority of the parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Benítez-Flores
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - André R Medeiros
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Eliseo Iglesias-Soler
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Kenji Doma
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Boullosa
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
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Scianni AA, Faria GSE, Silva JSD, Benfica PDA, Faria CDCDM. Efeitos do exercício físico no sistema nervoso do indivíduo idoso e suas consequências funcionais. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Pinto SS, Alberton CL, Cadore EL, Kanitz AC, Delevatti RS, Pantoja PD, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Reichert T, Bregagnol LP, Lisboa SDC, Kruel LFM. Does Aerobic Exercise Impair Neuromuscular Function During Water-Based Resistance Exercises? RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2018; 89:465-473. [PMID: 30257138 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2018.1512076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of water-based aerobic exercises on the performance of water-based resistance exercises by assessing kinematic parameters during protocols and neuromuscular responses after them. METHOD Ten women performed 2 water-based protocols (i.e., resistance and concurrent water-based exercises) on separate days. We evaluated isometric force and electromyographic signal (sEMG) before and after protocols and analyzed kinematic parameters during a water-based resistance exercise. RESULTS There was no significant difference between knee extension force production and sEMG from the vastus lateralis during the maximal voluntary contraction performed before and after the protocols. However, sEMG from the rectus femoris presented a significant difference between pretest and posttest measurements in both water-based protocols with greater values in the measurement after the end of the protocol (p = .046). The peak angular velocity of knee extension and mean angular velocity of knee extension and flexion showed similar values among the sets, with no difference between protocols. The peak angular velocity of knee flexion presented greater values in the water-based resistance exercises compared with the water-based concurrent protocol in the last set (p < .001). CONCLUSION The main impairment induced by the water-based concurrent exercises was the lower peak angular velocity in the knee flexors compared with water-based resistance exercises alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Kanitz
- a Federal University of the Rio Grande of Sul
- c Federal University of Uberlândia
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Sardeli AV, Gáspari AF, Santos WMD, Moraes DFG, Gadelha VB, Santos LDC, Ferreira MLV, Prudêncio SMDJ, Bonfante ILP, Rodrigues B, Cavaglieri CR, Fernhall B, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Time-course of health-related adaptations in response to combined training in hypertensive elderly: immune and autonomic modulation interactions. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201800040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda V. Sardeli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
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Fritsch CG, Dornelles MP, Teodoro JL, da Silva LXN, Vaz MA, Pinto RS, Cadore EL, Baroni BM. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy associated with resistance training in elderly men: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:279-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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A Brief Review on Concurrent Training: From Laboratory to the Field. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6040127. [PMID: 30355976 PMCID: PMC6315763 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of sports rely on concurrent training (CT; e.g., the simultaneous training of strength and endurance). However, a phenomenon called “Concurrent training effect” (CTE), which is a compromise in adaptation resulting from concurrent training, appears to be mostly affected by the interference of the molecular pathways of the underlying adaptations from each type of training segments. Until now, it seems that the volume, intensity, type, frequency of endurance training, as well as the training history and background strongly affect the CTE. High volume, moderate, continuous and frequent endurance training, are thought to negatively affect the resistance training-induced adaptations, probably by inhibition of the Protein kinase B—mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activation, of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In contrast, it seems that short bouts of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or sprint interval training (SIT) minimize the negative effects of concurrent training. This is particularly the case when HIIT and SIT incorporated in cycling have even lower or even no negative effects, while they provide at least the same metabolic adaptations, probably through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC-1a) pathway. However, significant questions about the molecular events underlying the CTE remain unanswered.
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Cadore EL, Menger E, Teodoro JL, da Silva LXN, Boeno FP, Umpierre D, Botton CE, Ferrari R, Cunha GDS, Izquierdo M, Pinto RS. Functional and physiological adaptations following concurrent training using sets with and without concentric failure in elderly men: A randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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da Silva LXN, Teodoro JL, Menger E, Lopez P, Grazioli R, Farinha J, Moraes K, Bottaro M, Pinto RS, Izquierdo M, Cadore EL. Repetitions to failure versus not to failure during concurrent training in healthy elderly men: A randomized clinical trial. Exp Gerontol 2018; 108:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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