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Chaudhari NN, Imms PE, Chowdhury NF, Gatz M, Trumble BC, Mack WJ, Law EM, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Miyamoto M, Lombardi G, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Garcia AR, Rodriguez DE, Gutierrez RQ, Copajira AJ, Hooper PL, Buetow KH, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Thomas GS, Kaplan HS, Finch CE, Irimia A. Increases in regional brain volume across two native South American male populations. GeroScience 2024; 46:4563-4583. [PMID: 38683289 PMCID: PMC11336037 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrialized environments, despite benefits such as higher levels of formal education and lower rates of infections, can also have pernicious impacts upon brain atrophy. Partly for this reason, comparing age-related brain volume trajectories between industrialized and non-industrialized populations can help to suggest lifestyle correlates of brain health. The Tsimane, indigenous to the Bolivian Amazon, derive their subsistence from foraging and horticulture and are physically active. The Moseten, a mixed-ethnicity farming population, are physically active but less than the Tsimane. Within both populations (N = 1024; age range = 46-83), we calculated regional brain volumes from computed tomography and compared their cross-sectional trends with age to those of UK Biobank (UKBB) participants (N = 19,973; same age range). Surprisingly among Tsimane and Moseten (T/M) males, some parietal and occipital structures mediating visuospatial abilities exhibit small but significant increases in regional volume with age. UKBB males exhibit a steeper negative trend of regional volume with age in frontal and temporal structures compared to T/M males. However, T/M females exhibit significantly steeper rates of brain volume decrease with age compared to UKBB females, particularly for some cerebro-cortical structures (e.g., left subparietal cortex). Across the three populations, observed trends exhibit no interhemispheric asymmetry. In conclusion, the age-related rate of regional brain volume change may differ by lifestyle and sex. The lack of brain volume reduction with age is not known to exist in other human population, highlighting the putative role of lifestyle in constraining regional brain atrophy and promoting elements of non-industrialized lifestyle like higher physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe E Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nahian F Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Meng Law
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - L Samuel Wann
- Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- MemorialCare Miller Children's & Women's Hospital, Long Beach Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Michael Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Mission Heritage Medical Group, Providence Health, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Cummings
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sarah Alami
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel E Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitol University, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Health Systems, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Hillard S Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Capogna E, Watne LO, Sørensen Ø, Guichelaar CJ, Idland AV, Halaas NB, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Vidal-Piñeiro D. Associations of neuroinflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 with brain atrophy, memory decline, and core AD biomarkers - in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:56-65. [PMID: 37400002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines -interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) - are increased with age and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is not clear whether concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in the central nervous system predict later brain and cognitive changes over time nor whether this relationship is mediated by core AD biomarkers. Here, 219 cognitively healthy older adults (62-91 years), with baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of IL-6 and IL-8 were followed over time - up to 9 years - with assessments that included cognitive function, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and CSF measurements of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-β (Aβ-42) concentrations (for a subsample). Higher baseline CSF IL-8 was associated with better memory performance over time in the context of lower levels of CSF p-tau and p-tau/Aβ-42 ratio. Higher CSF IL-6 was related to less CSF p-tau changes over time. The results are in line with the hypothesis suggesting that an up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 in the brain may play a neuroprotective role in cognitively healthy older adults with lower load of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Capogna
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Ahus, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlijn Jamila Guichelaar
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalie Bodd Halaas
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
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Nash PS, Simister RJ, Wheeler DC, Werring DJ. Hypertension and small vessel disease: do the drugs work? Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2023; 84:1-11. [PMID: 37769262 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2023.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Associations of hypertension with ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage, particularly when attributed to cerebral small vessel disease, are well established. While it seems plausible that treating hypertension should prevent small vessel disease from developing or progressing, there is limited evidence demonstrating this. This article critically appraises the evidence answering this clinical question. Hypertension is also closely associated with chronic kidney disease, with anatomical and functional similarities between the vasculature of the brain and kidneys leading to the hypothesis that shared multi-system pathophysiological processes may be involved. Therefore, the article also summarises data on prevention of progression of chronic kidney disease. Evidence supports a target blood pressure of <130/80 mmHg to optimally prevent progression of both small vessel disease and chronic kidney disease. However, future studies are needed to determine long-term effects of more intensive blood pressure treatment targets on small vessel disease progression and incident dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Nash
- Comprehensive Stroke Service, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rob J Simister
- Comprehensive Stroke Service, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - David J Werring
- Comprehensive Stroke Service, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Irimia A, Chaudhari NN, Robles DJ, Rostowsky KA, Maher AS, Chowdhury NF, Calvillo M, Ngo V, Gatz M, Mack WJ, Law EM, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Garcia AR, Hooper PL, Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Gurven MD, Thomas GS, Finch CE, Kaplan H. The Indigenous South American Tsimane Exhibit Relatively Modest Decrease in Brain Volume With Age Despite High Systemic Inflammation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2147-2155. [PMID: 34038540 PMCID: PMC8599004 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain atrophy is correlated with risk of cognitive impairment, functional decline, and dementia. Despite a high infectious disease burden, Tsimane forager-horticulturists of Bolivia have the lowest prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis of any studied population and present few cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors despite a high burden of infections and therefore inflammation. This study (a) examines the statistical association between brain volume (BV) and age for Tsimane and (b) compares this association to that of 3 industrialized populations in the United States and Europe. This cohort-based panel study enrolled 746 participants aged 40-94 (396 males), from whom computed tomography (CT) head scans were acquired. BV and intracranial volume (ICV) were calculated from automatic head CT segmentations. The linear regression coefficient estimate β^T of the Tsimane (T), describing the relationship between age (predictor) and BV (response, as a percentage of ICV), was calculated for the pooled sample (including both sexes) and for each sex. β^T was compared to the corresponding regression coefficient estimate β^R of samples from the industrialized reference (R) countries. For all comparisons, the null hypothesis β T = β R was rejected both for the combined samples of males and females, as well as separately for each sex. Our results indicate that the Tsimane exhibit a significantly slower decrease in BV with age than populations in the United States and Europe. Such reduced rates of BV decrease, together with a subsistence lifestyle and low CVD risk, may protect brain health despite considerable chronic inflammation related to infectious burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Address correspondence to: Andrei Irimia, PhD, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Suite 228, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail:
| | - Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David J Robles
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kenneth A Rostowsky
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alexander S Maher
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nahian F Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Maria Calvillo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Van Ngo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E Meng Law
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M Linda Sutherland
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - James D Sutherland
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, Nevada, USA,School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | | | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Orange, USA,MemorialCare Miller Children’s & Women’s Hospital, Long Beach Medical Center, California, USA
| | - Daniel K Cummings
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA,Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Sarah Alami
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitol University, France
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA,Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Departments of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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Magnetic resonanse imaging as a prognostic tool in encephalitis in children. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2019. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract10355-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide the data on the modern use of MRI of different modalities as a prognostic tool in the encephalitis diagnostics in pediatrics. According to the recent scientific knowledge, this implementation is possible, but its efficacy depends on the modality of MRI: structural, functional or MRI with contrast. Structural MRI efficacy in children with encephalitis is dubious and clearly depends on the etiology and phase of the inflammatory process. In the recent years, the implementation of the functional MRI methods (DTI MRS) and MRI with contrast significantly changed the imaging practice; there are some reports that these modalities of MRI are more effective as a prognostic tool in encephalitis than the structural one. Thus, a future research in this field is needed.
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Slor CJ, Witlox J, Adamis D, Jansen RWMM, Houdijk APJ, van Gool WA, de Jonghe JFM, Eikelenboom P. The trajectory of C-reactive protein serum levels in older hip fracture patients with postoperative delirium. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1438-1446. [PMID: 31058343 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Important precipitating risk factors for delirium such as infections, vascular disorders, and surgery are accompanied by a systemic inflammatory response. Systemic inflammatory mediators can induce delirium in susceptible individuals. Little is known about the trajectory of systemic inflammatory markers and their role in the development and outcome of delirium. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of older patients undergoing acute surgery for hip fracture. Baseline characteristics were assessed preoperatively. During hospital admission, presence of delirium was assessed daily according to the Confusion Assessment Method criteria. This study compared the trajectory of serum levels of the C-reactive protein (CRP) between people with and without postoperative delirium. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at postoperative day 1 through postoperative day 5. RESULTS Forty-one out of 121 patients developed postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery. Longitudinal analysis of the trajectory of serum CRP levels using the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method identified that higher CRP levels were associated with postoperative delirium. CRP levels were higher from postoperative day 2 through postoperative day 5. No significant differences in serum CRP levels were found when we compared patients with short (1-2 days) and more prolonged delirium (3 days or more). CONCLUSIONS Delirium is associated with an increased systemic inflammatory response, and our results suggest that CRP plays a role in the underlying (inflammatory-vascular) pathological pathway of postoperative delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal J Slor
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, NoordWest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Witlox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, NoordWest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
- Psychogeriatric Observation Unit, Institution for Mental Health Care, Dijk en Duin (Parnassia Groep), Castricum, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Adamis
- Department of Psychiatry, Sligo Mental Health Services, Sligo, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Academic Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rene W M M Jansen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, NoordWest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem A van Gool
- Psychogeriatric Observation Unit, Institution for Mental Health Care, Dijk en Duin (Parnassia Groep), Castricum, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F M de Jonghe
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, NoordWest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Eikelenboom
- Department of Psychiatry, GGZinGeest and VuMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Freitas HR, Ferreira GDC, Trevenzoli IH, Oliveira KDJ, de Melo Reis RA. Fatty Acids, Antioxidants and Physical Activity in Brain Aging. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111263. [PMID: 29156608 PMCID: PMC5707735 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants are important mediators in the central nervous system. Lipid derivatives may control the production of proinflammatory agents and regulate NF-κB activity, microglial activation, and fatty acid oxidation; on the other hand, antioxidants, such as glutathione and ascorbate, have been shown to signal through transmitter receptors and protect against acute and chronic oxidative stress, modulating the activity of different signaling pathways. Several authors have investigated the role of these nutrients in the brains of the young and the aged in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and during brain aging due to adiposity- and physical inactivity-mediated metabolic disturbances, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Through a literature review, we aimed to highlight recent data on the role of adiposity, fatty acids, antioxidants, and physical inactivity in the pathophysiology of the brain and in the molecular mechanisms of senescence. Data indicate the complexity and necessity of endogenous/dietary antioxidants for the maintenance of redox status and the control of neuroglial signaling under stress. Recent studies also indicate that omega-3 and -6 fatty acids act in a competitive manner to generate mediators for energy metabolism, influencing feeding behavior, neural plasticity, and memory during aging. Finding pharmacological or dietary resources that mitigate or prevent neurodegenerative affections continues to be a great challenge and requires additional effort from researchers, clinicians, and nutritionists in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hércules Rezende Freitas
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo da Costa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Karen de Jesus Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-130, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Augusto de Melo Reis
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil.
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