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Capogna E, Sørensen Ø, Watne LO, Roe J, Strømstad M, Idland AV, Halaas NB, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Vidal-Piñeiro D. Subtypes of brain change in aging and their associations with cognition and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.04.583291. [PMID: 38496633 PMCID: PMC10942348 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Structural brain changes underly cognitive changes in older age and contribute to inter-individual variability in cognition. Here, we assessed how changes in cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume, are related to cognitive change in cognitively unimpaired older adults using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data-driven clustering. Specifically, we tested (1) which brain structural changes over time predict cognitive change in older age (2) whether these are associated with core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-β (Aβ42), and (3) the degree of overlap between clusters derived from different structural features. In total 1899 cognitively healthy older adults (50 - 93 years) were followed up to 16 years with neuropsychological and structural MRI assessments, a subsample of which (n = 612) had CSF p-tau and Aβ42 measurements. We applied Monte-Carlo Reference-based Consensus clustering to identify subgroups of older adults based on structural brain change patterns over time. Four clusters for each brain feature were identified, representing the degree of longitudinal brain decline. Each brain feature provided a unique contribution to brain aging as clusters were largely independent across modalities. Cognitive change and baseline cognition were best predicted by cortical area change, whereas higher levels of p-tau and Aβ42 were associated with changes in subcortical volume. These results provide insights into the link between changes in brain morphology and cognition, which may translate to a better understanding of different aging trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Capogna
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - James Roe
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Strømstad
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalie Bodd Halaas
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus UllevÅl, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
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2
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Aksnes M, Capogna E, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Chaudhry FA, Myrstad M, Idland AV, Halaas NB, Dakhil S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Walhovd KB, Watne LO, Fjell AM. Matrix metalloproteinases are associated with brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 131:11-23. [PMID: 37549446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) have been linked to age-related neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their role in normal aging is poorly understood. We used linear mixed models to determine if baseline or rate of yearly change in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of MMP-2; MMP-3; MMP-10; TIMP-123 (composite of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3); or TIMP-4 predicted changes in bilateral entorhinal cortex thickness, hippocampal volume, or lateral ventricle volume in cognitively unimpaired individuals. We also assessed effects on the CSF AD biomarkers amyloid-β42 and phosphorylated tau181. Low baseline levels of MMP-3 predicted larger ventricle volumes and more entorhinal cortex thinning. Increased CSF MMP-2 levels over time predicted more entorhinal thinning, hippocampal atrophy, and ventricular expansion, while increased TIMP-123 over time predicted ventricular expansion. No MMP/TIMPs predicted changes in CSF AD biomarkers. Notably, we show for the first time that longitudinal increases in MMP-2 and TIMP-123 levels may predict age-associated brain atrophy. In conclusion, MMPs and TIMPs may play a role in brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Aksnes
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Elettra Capogna
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Farrukh Abbas Chaudhry
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Myrstad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway; Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Ane-Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalie Bodd Halaas
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shams Dakhil
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Capogna E, Watne LO, Sørensen Ø, Guichelaar CJ, Idland AV, Halaas NB, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Vidal-Piñeiro D. Associations of neuroinflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 with brain atrophy, memory decline, and core AD biomarkers - in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:56-65. [PMID: 37400002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines -interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) - are increased with age and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is not clear whether concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in the central nervous system predict later brain and cognitive changes over time nor whether this relationship is mediated by core AD biomarkers. Here, 219 cognitively healthy older adults (62-91 years), with baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of IL-6 and IL-8 were followed over time - up to 9 years - with assessments that included cognitive function, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and CSF measurements of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-β (Aβ-42) concentrations (for a subsample). Higher baseline CSF IL-8 was associated with better memory performance over time in the context of lower levels of CSF p-tau and p-tau/Aβ-42 ratio. Higher CSF IL-6 was related to less CSF p-tau changes over time. The results are in line with the hypothesis suggesting that an up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 in the brain may play a neuroprotective role in cognitively healthy older adults with lower load of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Capogna
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Ahus, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlijn Jamila Guichelaar
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalie Bodd Halaas
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway; Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
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4
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Vidal-Pineiro D, Wang Y, Krogsrud SK, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartres-Faz D, Bertram L, Brandmaier AM, Drevon CA, Düzel S, Ebmeier K, Henson RN, Junqué C, Kievit RA, Kühn S, Leonardsen E, Lindenberger U, Madsen KS, Magnussen F, Mowinckel AM, Nyberg L, Roe JM, Segura B, Smith SM, Sørensen Ø, Suri S, Westerhausen R, Zalesky A, Zsoldos E, Walhovd KB, Fjell A. Correction: Individual variations in 'Brain Age' relate to early-life factors more than to longitudinal brain change. eLife 2022; 11:79475. [PMID: 35470797 PMCID: PMC9042230 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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5
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Vidal-Pineiro D, Wang Y, Krogsrud SK, Amlien IK, Baaré WF, Bartres-Faz D, Bertram L, Brandmaier AM, Drevon CA, Düzel S, Ebmeier K, Henson RN, Junqué C, Kievit RA, Kühn S, Leonardsen E, Lindenberger U, Madsen KS, Magnussen F, Mowinckel AM, Nyberg L, Roe JM, Segura B, Smith SM, Sørensen Ø, Suri S, Westerhausen R, Zalesky A, Zsoldos E, Walhovd KB, Fjell A. Individual variations in 'brain age' relate to early-life factors more than to longitudinal brain change. eLife 2021; 10:69995. [PMID: 34756163 PMCID: PMC8580481 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain age is a widely used index for quantifying individuals’ brain health as deviation from a normative brain aging trajectory. Higher-than-expected brain age is thought partially to reflect above-average rate of brain aging. Here, we explicitly tested this assumption in two independent large test datasets (UK Biobank [main] and Lifebrain [replication]; longitudinal observations ≈ 2750 and 4200) by assessing the relationship between cross-sectional and longitudinal estimates of brain age. Brain age models were estimated in two different training datasets (n ≈ 38,000 [main] and 1800 individuals [replication]) based on brain structural features. The results showed no association between cross-sectional brain age and the rate of brain change measured longitudinally. Rather, brain age in adulthood was associated with the congenital factors of birth weight and polygenic scores of brain age, assumed to reflect a constant, lifelong influence on brain structure from early life. The results call for nuanced interpretations of cross-sectional indices of the aging brain and question their validity as markers of ongoing within-person changes of the aging brain. Longitudinal imaging data should be preferred whenever the goal is to understand individual change trajectories of brain and cognition in aging. Scientists who study the brain and aging are keen to find an effective way to measure brain health, which could help identify people at risk for dementia or memory problems. One popular marker is ‘brain age’. This measurement uses a brain scan to estimate a person’s chronological age, then compares the estimated brain age to the person’s actual age to determine whether their brain is aging faster or slower than expected for their age. However, since brain age relies on one brain scan taken at one point in time, it is not clear whether it really measures brain aging or if it might capture brain differences that have been present throughout the individual’s life. Studies comparing individual brain scans over several years would be necessary to know for sure. Now, Vidal-Piñeiro et al. show that the brain-age measurement does not reflect faster brain aging. In the experiments, the researchers compared repeated brain scans of thousands of individuals over 40 years of age. The experiments showed that deviations from normative brain age detected in a single scan reflected early life differences more than changes in the brain over time. For example, people with older-looking brains were more likely to have had a low birth weight or to have a combination of genes associated with having an older looking brain. Vidal-Piñeiro et al. show that brain age mostly reflects a pre-existing brain condition rather than brain aging. The experiments also suggest that genetics and early brain development likely have a strong impact on brain health throughout life. Future studies trying to test or develop brain-aging measurements should use serial measurements to track brain changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Vidal-Pineiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine K Krogsrud
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William Fc Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartres-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Inst Basic Med Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo & Vitas Ltd, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard N Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carme Junqué
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rogier Andrew Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Esten Leonardsen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrine S Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Magnussen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athanasia Monika Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology Section and Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - James M Roe
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara Segura
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona; Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sana Suri
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rene Westerhausen
- Section for Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of radiology and nuclear medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of radiology and nuclear medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Fjell AM, Grydeland H, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Bartres-Faz D, Brandmaier AM, Düzel S, Elman J, Franz CE, Håberg AK, Kietzmann TC, Kievit RA, Kremen WS, Krogsrud SK, Kühn S, Lindenberger U, Macía D, Mowinckel AM, Nyberg L, Panizzon MS, Solé-Padullés C, Sørensen Ø, Westerhausen R, Walhovd KB. The genetic organization of longitudinal subcortical volumetric change is stable throughout the lifespan. eLife 2021; 10:66466. [PMID: 34180395 PMCID: PMC8260220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and aging of the cerebral cortex show similar topographic organization and are governed by the same genes. It is unclear whether the same is true for subcortical regions, which follow fundamentally different ontogenetic and phylogenetic principles. We tested the hypothesis that genetically governed neurodevelopmental processes can be traced throughout life by assessing to which degree brain regions that develop together continue to change together through life. Analyzing over 6000 longitudinal MRIs of the brain, we used graph theory to identify five clusters of coordinated development, indexed as patterns of correlated volumetric change in brain structures. The clusters tended to follow placement along the cranial axis in embryonic brain development, suggesting continuity from prenatal stages, and correlated with cognition. Across independent longitudinal datasets, we demonstrated that developmental clusters were conserved through life. Twin-based genetic correlations revealed distinct sets of genes governing change in each cluster. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms-based analyses of 38,127 cross-sectional MRIs showed a similar pattern of genetic volume–volume correlations. In conclusion, coordination of subcortical change adheres to fundamental principles of lifespan continuity and genetic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Martin Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hakon Grydeland
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Bartres-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremy Elman
- Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Carol E Franz
- Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim C Kietzmann
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Andrew Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William S Kremen
- Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States.,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, United States
| | - Stine K Krogsrud
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Didac Macía
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Athanasia Monika Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Center for Behavioral Genomics Twin Research Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rene Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Walhovd KB, Amlien I, Schrantee A, Rohani DA, Groote I, Bjørnerud A, Fjell AM, Reneman L. Methylphenidate Effects on Cortical Thickness in Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:758-765. [PMID: 32414901 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although methylphenidate is frequently used to treat children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, it is currently unknown how methylphenidate affects brain development. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether the cortical effects of methylphenidate are modulated by age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between June 1, 2011, and June 15, 2015, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Effects of Psychotropic Drugs on Developing Brain-Methylphenidate) in 99 males with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, criteria) from referral centers in the greater Amsterdam area in the Netherlands. The trial was registered on March 24, 2011 (identifier NL34509.000.10) and subsequently at the Netherlands National Trial Register (identifier NTR3103). Participants (first enrolled October 13, 2011) were 10-12 years or 23-40 years of age and randomized to treatment with either methylphenidate or a placebo for 16 weeks. Our main outcome was a change in cortical thickness in predefined ROIs as measured by MR imaging pre- and posttreatment. RESULTS We observed a time × medication × age interaction (F[1,88.825] = 4.316, P < .05) for the right medial cortex ROI, where methylphenidate treatment yielded less cortical thinning in children, but not in adults or the placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Our finding that the effects of methylphenidate on right medial cortical thickness differ between children and adults infers that the drug affects gray matter development in this brain region. This warrants replication in larger groups with longer follow-up to determine whether this effect can also be observed in other cortical brain regions and whether it may have long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- From the Department of Psychology (K.B.W., I.A., D.A.R., A.B., A.M.F.), Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition.,Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (K.B.W., A.M.F.)
| | - I Amlien
- From the Department of Psychology (K.B.W., I.A., D.A.R., A.B., A.M.F.), Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition
| | - A Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.S., A.B., L.R.), Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D A Rohani
- From the Department of Psychology (K.B.W., I.A., D.A.R., A.B., A.M.F.), Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition
| | - I Groote
- Diagnostic Physics (I.G., A.B.), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Bjørnerud
- From the Department of Psychology (K.B.W., I.A., D.A.R., A.B., A.M.F.), Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition.,Institute of Physics (A.B.), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Diagnostic Physics (I.G., A.B.), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.S., A.B., L.R.), Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A M Fjell
- From the Department of Psychology (K.B.W., I.A., D.A.R., A.B., A.M.F.), Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition.,Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (K.B.W., A.M.F.)
| | - L Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.S., A.B., L.R.), Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Danielsen VM, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Mowinckel AM, Sederevicius D, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Westerhausen R. Lifespan trajectories of relative corpus callosum thickness: Regional differences and cognitive relevance. Cortex 2020; 130:127-141. [PMID: 32652340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different cognitive functions and receive divergent information from the sensory organs, so that the interaction between the hemispheres is a crucial aspect of perception and cognition. At the same time, the major fiber tract responsible for this interaction, the corpus callosum, shows a structural development across the lifespan which is over-proportional. That is, compared to changes in overall forebrain volume, the corpus callosum shows an accentuated growth during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, as well as pronounced decline in older age. However, this over-proportionality of growth and decline along with potential consequences for cognition, have been largely overlooked in empirical research. In the present study we systematically address the proportionality of callosal development in a large mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal sample (1867 datasets from 1014 unique participants), covering the human lifespan (age range 4-93 years), and examine the cognitive consequences of the observed changes. Relative corpus callosum thickness was measured at 60 segments along the midsagittal surface, and lifespan trajectories were clustered to identify callosal subsections of comparable lifespan development. While confirming the expected inverted u-shaped lifespan trajectories, we also found substantial regional variation. Compared with anterior clusters, the most posterior sections exhibited an accentuated growth during development which extends well into the third decade of life, and a protracted decline in older age which is delayed by about 10 years (starting mid to late 50s). We further showed that the observed longitudinal changes in relative thickness of the mid splenium significantly mediates age-related changes in tests assessing verbal knowledge and non-verbal visual-spatial abilities across the lifespan. In summary, we demonstrate that analyzing the proportionality of callosal growth and decline offers valuable insight into lifespan development of structural connectivity between the hemispheres, and suggests consequences for the cognitive development of perception and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Danielsen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - D Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - D Sederevicius
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - K B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - R Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Westerhausen R, Nyberg L, Ebmeier KP, Lindenberger U, Bartrés-Faz D, Baaré WFC, Siebner HR, Henson R, Drevon CA, Knudsen GP, Budin-Ljøsne I, Penninx BWJH, Ghisletta P, Rogeberg O, Tyler L, Bertram L. Healthy minds from 0-100 years: Optimising the use of European brain imaging cohorts ("Lifebrain"). Eur Psychiatry 2017; 47:76-87. [PMID: 29127911 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of "Lifebrain" is to identify the determinants of brain, cognitive and mental (BCM) health at different stages of life. By integrating, harmonising and enriching major European neuroimaging studies across the life span, we will merge fine-grained BCM health measures of more than 5,000 individuals. Longitudinal brain imaging, genetic and health data are available for a major part, as well as cognitive and mental health measures for the broader cohorts, exceeding 27,000 examinations in total. By linking these data to other databases and biobanks, including birth registries, national and regional archives, and by enriching them with a new online data collection and novel measures, we will address the risk factors and protective factors of BCM health. We will identify pathways through which risk and protective factors work and their moderators. Exploiting existing European infrastructures and initiatives, we hope to make major conceptual, methodological and analytical contributions towards large integrative cohorts and their efficient exploitation. We will thus provide novel information on BCM health maintenance, as well as the onset and course of BCM disorders. This will lay a foundation for earlier diagnosis of brain disorders, aberrant development and decline of BCM health, and translate into future preventive and therapeutic strategies. Aiming to improve clinical practice and public health we will work with stakeholders and health authorities, and thus provide the evidence base for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (UiO), Harald Schelderups Hus, Forskningsveien 3A, N-0373 Oslo, Norway.
| | - A M Fjell
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (UiO), Harald Schelderups Hus, Forskningsveien 3A, N-0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - R Westerhausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (UiO), Harald Schelderups Hus, Forskningsveien 3A, N-0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - L Nyberg
- Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (Umeå), Umeå Universitet, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - K P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry (UOXF), University of Oxford Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX37JX Oxford, UK.
| | - U Lindenberger
- Centre for Lifespan Psychology (MPIB), Max-Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - D Bartrés-Faz
- Facultat de Medicina, Campus Clínic, C/. Casanova, University of Barcelona Brain Stimulation Lab (UB), 143, Ala Nord, 5a planta, S-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - W F C Baaré
- Region Hovedstaden (RegionH), Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - H R Siebner
- Region Hovedstaden (RegionH), Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Section 714, Kettegard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - R Henson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Science Unit (MRC), University of Cambridge, 15, Chaucer Road, CB2 7EF Cambridge, UK.
| | - C A Drevon
- Vitas AS (Analytical Services), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - G P Knudsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo (NIPH), PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - I Budin-Ljøsne
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo (NIPH), PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - B W J H Penninx
- VU University Medical Centre (VUmc), PO Box 7057, NL-1007 Amsterdam, MB, USA.
| | - P Ghisletta
- Research Group: Methodology and Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Sandrine Amstutz, Uni Mail, 4(e) étage, boulevard du Pont-d'Arve 40, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Distance Learning University, Überlandstrasse 12, Postfach 689 CH-3900 Brig, Switzerland.
| | - O Rogeberg
- Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research (Frisch), Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - L Tyler
- University of Cambridge Department of Psychology (UCAM), Downing Street, CB2 3EB Cambridge, UK.
| | - L Bertram
- University of Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA-UzL), University of Lübeck, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 1 (MFC1), 23562 D-Lübeck, Germany.
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10
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Fjell AM, Idland AV, Sala-Llonch R, Watne LO, Borza T, Brækhus A, Lona T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Wyller TB, Walhovd KB. Neuroinflammation and Tau Interact with Amyloid in Predicting Sleep Problems in Aging Independently of Atrophy. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:2775-2785. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Martin Fjell
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane-Victoria Idland
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Borza
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Anne Brækhus
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tarjei Lona
- Department of surgery, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Torgeir Bruun Wyller
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Sala-Llonch R, Idland AV, Borza T, Watne LO, Wyller TB, Brækhus A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM. Inflammation, Amyloid, and Atrophy in The Aging Brain: Relationships with Longitudinal Changes in Cognition. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:829-840. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roser Sala-Llonch
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ane-Victoria Idland
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Borza
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Bruun Wyller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Brækhus
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Idland AV, Sala-Llonch R, Borza T, Watne LO, Wyller TB, Brækhus A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM. CSF neurofilament light levels predict hippocampal atrophy in cognitively healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:138-144. [PMID: 27794264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NFL) is a marker of axonal degeneration. We tested whether CSF NFL levels predict hippocampal atrophy rate in cognitively healthy older adults independently of the established CSF Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, β-amyloid 1-42, and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). We included 144 participants in a 2-year longitudinal study with baseline CSF measures and 2 magnetic resonance images. Eighty-eight participants had full data available. A subgroup of 36 participants with very low AD risk was also studied. NFL predicted hippocampal atrophy rate independently of age, β-amyloid 1-42, and P-tau. Including NFL, P-tau, and age in the same model, higher NFL and lower P-tau predicted higher hippocampal atrophy (R2 = 0.20, NFL: β = -0.34; p = 0.003; P-tau: β = 0.27; p = 0.009). The results were upheld in the participants with very low AD risk. NFL predicted neurodegeneration in older adults with very low AD probability. We suggest that factors previously shown to be important for brain degeneration in mild cognitive impairment may also impact changes in normal aging, demonstrating that NFL is likely to indicate AD-independent, age-expected neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane-Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Roser Sala-Llonch
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Borza
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Bruun Wyller
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Brækhus
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristine Beate Walhovd
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Martin Fjell
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Haabrekke KJ, Slinning K, Walhovd KB, Wentzel-Larsen T, Moe V. The Perinatal Outcome of Children Born to Women With Substance Dependence Detoxified in Residential Treatment During Pregnancy. J Addict Dis 2014; 33:114-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2014.909698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lundervold AJ, Walhovd KB, Rönnberg J, Sundet K. New perspectives in neuropsychology. Scand J Psychol 2014; 55:187-8. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerker Rönnberg
- Linnaeus Centre HEAD; Swedish Institute for Disability Research; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Karadottir
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council (MRC) Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom.
| | - K B Walhovd
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Univeristy of Oslo, POB 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Neuropsychology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Walhovd KB, Westlye LT, Moe V, Slinning K, Due-Tønnessen P, Bjørnerud A, van der Kouwe A, Dale AM, Fjell AM. White matter characteristics and cognition in prenatally opiate- and polysubstance-exposed children: a diffusion tensor imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:894-900. [PMID: 20203117 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prenatal drug exposure may influence the developing brain. Our aim was to study WM characteristics with DTI in children with prenatal opiate and polysubstance exposure and in controls. We assessed whether group differences in FA, DA, and DR could be found and related to cognitive function. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by a committee for medical research ethics. Parents signed an informed consent; children gave spoken consent. Our sample included 14 prenatally substance-exposed adopted children (5 girls; age range, 8.6-13.9 years; mean, 11.3 +/- 1.7 years) and 14 control children (7 girls; age range, 9.0-10.2 years; mean, 9.8 +/- 0.3 years). Tract-based spatial statistics were used to define a common WM skeleton for the sample, and FA was compared between groups throughout the skeleton, controlling for age and sex. Clusters of significant group differences >or=100 voxels (P <. 05) were identified. FA, DA, and DR within clusters were correlated with cognitive function. RESULTS Ten clusters of FA group differences, mostly in central, posterior, and inferior parts of the brain, were identified (P <. 05), showing lower FA in substance-exposed children. FA and DA correlated positively and DR, negatively with cognitive function across groups. CONCLUSIONS Prenatally substance-exposed children exhibited lower FA in restricted areas of WM, mostly relatively central, inferior, and posterior, where myelination occurs early in development. Myelin in these areas may be particularly vulnerable to prenatal substance exposure. FA and DR related moderately to cognitive function. Potential confounding factors existed and were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Human Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Brewer J, McEvoy LK, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler DJ, Jennings RG, Karow D, Dale AM. Combining MR imaging, positron-emission tomography, and CSF biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:347-54. [PMID: 20075088 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Different biomarkers for AD may potentially be complementary in diagnosis and prognosis of AD. Our aim was to combine MR imaging, FDG-PET, and CSF biomarkers in the diagnostic classification and 2-year prognosis of MCI and AD, by examining the following: 1) which measures are most sensitive to diagnostic status, 2) to what extent the methods provide unique information in diagnostic classification, and 3) which measures are most predictive of clinical decline. MATERIALS AND METHODS ADNI baseline MR imaging, FDG-PET, and CSF data from 42 controls, 73 patients with MCI, and 38 patients with AD; and 2-year clinical follow-up data for 36 controls, 51 patients with MCI, and 25 patients with AD were analyzed. The hippocampus and entorhinal, parahippocampal, retrosplenial, precuneus, inferior parietal, supramarginal, middle temporal, lateral, and medial orbitofrontal cortices were used as regions of interest. CSF variables included Abeta42, t-tau, p-tau, and ratios of t-tau/Abeta42 and p-tau/Abeta42. Regression analyses were performed to determine the sensitivity of measures to diagnostic status as well as 2-year change in CDR-SB, MMSE, and delayed logical memory in MCI. RESULTS Hippocampal volume, retrosplenial thickness, and t-tau/Abeta42 uniquely predicted diagnostic group. Change in CDR-SB was best predicted by retrosplenial thickness; MMSE, by retrosplenial metabolism and thickness; and delayed logical memory, by hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS All biomarkers were sensitive to the diagnostic group. Combining MR imaging morphometry and CSF biomarkers improved diagnostic classification (controls versus AD). MR imaging morphometry and PET were largely overlapping in value for discrimination. Baseline MR imaging and PET measures were more predictive of clinical change in MCI than were CSF measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, CSHC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Fjell AM, Amlien IK, Westlye LT, Walhovd KB. Mini-mental state examination is sensitive to brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010; 28:252-8. [PMID: 19786777 DOI: 10.1159/000241878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Screening instruments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) are useful for the early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested whether macrostructural differences in brain volume are related to the MMSE. METHODS The MMSE was related to cortical thickness and the volume of 19 brain structures in 96 patients with mild to moderate AD. In addition, the patients were compared to 93 healthy elderly controls. RESULTS The MMSE was related to the volume of the total brain, cerebral cortex, accumbens, cerebral white matter, inferior lateral ventricles and hippocampus. Positive correlations with cortical thickness were found for 41% of the brain surface, and 58% of this area was significantly thinner in AD. CONCLUSION The MMSE is sensitive to macrostructural brain atrophy in AD, but also to morphometric variation not specifically related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Fjell
- Center for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Amlien I, Grambaite R, Stenset V, Bjørnerud A, Reinvang I, Gjerstad L, Cappelen T, Due-Tønnessen P, Fladby T. Multimodal imaging in mild cognitive impairment: Metabolism, morphometry and diffusion of the temporal-parietal memory network. Neuroimage 2008; 45:215-23. [PMID: 19056499 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared sensitivity of FDG-PET, MR morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived fractional anisotropy (FA) measures to diagnosis and memory function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients (n=44) and normal controls (NC, n=22) underwent FDG-PET and MRI scanning yielding measures of metabolism, morphometry and FA in nine temporal and parietal areas affected by Alzheimer's disease and involved in the episodic memory network. Patients also underwent memory testing (RAVLT). Logistic regression analysis yielded 100% diagnostic accuracy when all methods and ROIs were combined, but none of the variables then served as unique predictors. Within separate ROIs, diagnostic accuracy for the methods combined ranged from 65.6% (parahippocampal gyrus) to 73.4 (inferior parietal cortex). Morphometry predicted diagnostic group for most ROIs. PET and FA did not uniquely predict group, but a trend was seen for the precuneus metabolism. For the MCI group, stepwise regression analyses predicting memory scores were performed with the same methods and ROIs. Hippocampal volume and FA of the retrosplenial WM predicted learning, and hippocampal metabolism and parahippocampal cortical thickness predicted 5 minute recall. No variable predicted 30 minute recall independently of learning. In conclusion, higher diagnostic accuracy was achieved when multiple methods and ROIs were combined, but morphometry showed superior diagnostic sensitivity. Metabolism, morphometry and FA all uniquely explained memory performance, making a multi-modal approach superior. Memory variation in MCI is likely related to conversion risk, and the results indicate potential for improved predictive power by the use of multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Center for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Dale AM, McEvoy LK, Brewer J, Karow DS, Salmon DP, Fennema-Notestine C. Multi-modal imaging predicts memory performance in normal aging and cognitive decline. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 31:1107-21. [PMID: 18838195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study (n=161) related morphometric MR imaging, FDG-PET and APOE genotype to memory scores in normal controls (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Stepwise regression analyses focused on morphometric and metabolic characteristics of the episodic memory network: hippocampus, entorhinal, parahippocampal, retrosplenial, posterior cingulate, precuneus, inferior parietal, and lateral orbitofrontal cortices. In NC, hippocampal metabolism predicted learning; entorhinal metabolism predicted recognition; and hippocampal metabolism predicted recall. In MCI, thickness of the entorhinal and precuneus cortices predicted learning, while parahippocampal metabolism predicted recognition. In AD, posterior cingulate cortical thickness predicted learning, while APOE genotype predicted recognition. In the total sample, hippocampal volume and metabolism, cortical thickness of the precuneus, and inferior parietal metabolism predicted learning; hippocampal volume and metabolism, parahippocampal thickness and APOE genotype predicted recognition. Imaging methods appear complementary and differentially sensitive to memory in health and disease. Medial temporal and parietal metabolism and morphometry best explained memory variance. Medial temporal characteristics were related to learning, recall and recognition, while parietal structures only predicted learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Center for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Amlien I, Bjørnerud A, Reinvang I, Gjerstad L, Cappelen T, Willoch F, Due-Tønnessen P, Grambaite R, Skinningsrud A, Stenset V, Fladby T. Morphometric changes in the episodic memory network and tau pathologic features correlate with memory performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1183-9. [PMID: 18544670 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may affect several cognitive domains, including attention and reasoning, but is often first characterized by memory deficits. The purpose of this study was to ask these 2 questions: 1) Can levels of CSF tau proteins and amyloid beta 42 peptide explain thinning of the cerebral cortex in patients with MCI? 2) How are brain morphometry, CSF biomarkers, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) allelic variation related to episodic memory function in MCI? MATERIALS AND METHODS Hippocampal volume and cortical thickness were estimated by MR imaging and compared for patients with MCI (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 18). In addition, regions of interest (ROIs) were selected in areas where the MCI group had atrophy and which overlapped with the episodic memory network (temporal, entorhinal, inferior parietal, precuneus/posterior cingulate, and frontal). Relationships among morphometry, CSF biomarkers, APOE, and memory were tested. The analyses were repeated with an independent sample of patients with MCI (n = 19). RESULTS Patients with MCI and pathologic CSF values had hippocampal atrophy. However, both patients with pathologic and patients with nonpathologic CSF had a thinner cortex outside the hippocampal area. CSF pathology was related to hippocampal volume, whereas relationships with cortical thickness were found mainly in one of the samples. Morphometry correlated robustly with memory performance across MCI samples, whereas less stable results were found for tau protein. CONCLUSION The differences in hippocampal volume between the MCI and the healthy control groups were only found in patients with pathologic CSF biomarkers, whereas differences in cortical thickness were also found for patients without such pathologic features. Morphometry in areas in the episodic memory network was robustly correlated with memory performance. It is speculated that atrophy in these areas may be associated with the memory problems seen in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Fjell
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Walhovd KB, Moe V, Slinning K, Due-Tønnessen P, Bjørnerud A, Dale AM, van der Kouwe A, Quinn BT, Kosofsky B, Greve D, Fischl B. Volumetric cerebral characteristics of children exposed to opiates and other substances in utero. Neuroimage 2007; 36:1331-44. [PMID: 17513131 PMCID: PMC2039875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphometric cerebral characteristics were studied in children with prenatal poly-substance exposure (n=14) compared to controls (n=14) without such exposure. Ten of the substance-exposed children were born to mothers who used opiates (heroin) throughout the pregnancy. Groups were compared across 16 brain measures: cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, accumbens area, caudate, putamen, pallidum, brainstem, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter, lateral ventricles, inferior lateral ventricles, and the 3rd and 4th ventricles. In addition, continuous measurement of thickness across the entire cortical mantle was performed. Volumetric characteristics were correlated with ability and questionnaire assessments 2 years prior to scan. Compared to controls, the substance-exposed children had smaller intracranial and brain volumes, including smaller cerebral cortex, amygdala, accumbens area, putamen, pallidum, brainstem, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter, and inferior lateral ventricles, and thinner cortex of the right anterior cingulate and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Pallidum and putamen appeared especially reduced in the subgroup exposed to opiates. Only volumes of the right anterior cingulate, the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the accumbens area, showed some association with ability and questionnaire measures. The sample studied is rare and hence small, so conclusions cannot be drawn with certainty. Morphometric group differences were observed, but associations with previous behavioral assessment were generally weak. Some of the volumetric differences, particularly thinner cortex in part of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, may be moderately involved in cognitive and behavioral difficulties more frequently experienced by opiate and poly-substance-exposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, PoB 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Reinvang I, Lundervold A, Fischl B, Quinn BT, Dale AM. Size does matter in the long run: hippocampal and cortical volume predict recall across weeks. Neurology 2005; 63:1193-7. [PMID: 15477537 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000140489.33249.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the morphometric determinants of recall of verbal material for an extended period in an adult lifespan sample. METHODS Healthy adults of varying ages were studied using automated segmentation of MRI scans with volumes of hippocampus, cortex, and white matter, and verbal memory tests assessing recall after 5 minutes, 30 minutes, and a mean period of 11 weeks. Stepwise regression analyses were performed with 5 minutes, 30 minutes, and 11-week recall as the dependent variables. Hippocampal, cortical, and white matter volumes were included in the initial set of predictor variables in each case, and the analyses were repeated with age as an additional predictor variable. RESULTS When age was not included, cortical volume was the only variable predicting recall after 5 and 30 minutes, whereas hippocampal and cortical volumes predicted recall after 11 weeks. When age was included in the model, this was the only variable predicting recall after 5 and 30 minutes, whereas age and hippocampus gave contributions in prediction of recall after several weeks. CONCLUSION This study supports a critical role of cortical and hippocampal size in recall. Hippocampal size seems more important in recall after 11 weeks than after a shorter time interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
The rationale for the present study was to investigate several aspects of P300 topography in relation to aging and neuropsychological measures. We administered an auditory oddball ERP task to 72 participants aged 21.8 to 94.7 years, 36 males and 36 females, in addition to the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence (WASI) and digit span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales--Revised (WAIS-R). The relationship between age and P300 latency and amplitude at different electrodes was investigated, as well as the changes in the correlational pattern between P300 latency and amplitude with increasing age. A formal test of curvilinear relationships for P300 latency/amplitude and age was performed. Principal component factor analyses were performed for P300 latency and amplitude separately in order to check for possible superordinate structures in the distribution of the electrical activity measured at the scalp. In addition, each of the electrodes and each of the factors were correlated with the different neuropsychological measures, and the contribution of age to the observed relationships is discussed. The main conclusion drawn is that the activity generated from different brain areas change at different rates with age. While the posterior area shows a clear reduction of P300 amplitude and a delay of P300 latency with age, the amplitude does not decrease at the same rate in the fronto-central areas, and there is at the same time a marked hemispheric asymmetry in the age dependent change of activation. Based on our data, it may be concluded that a curvilinear expression generally does not explain the aging effect on the ERP component P300. Correlations between neuropsychological measures and P300 did, as expected, vary with area of activation, and the strongest correlations were generally found between matrices, block design and digit span, and the midline and left fronto-temporal electrodes. These relationships were in turn mediated by age. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Fjell
- Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to decide whether the P300 from an auditory three-stimuli oddball task is more sensitive to aging than the P300 from a two-stimuli task, and to investigate the relationship between neuropsychological tests and the different ways of eliciting the P300. Thirty-one adults (21.8-94.7 years) completed five neuropsychological tests and two ERP tasks. The way P300 was elicited did not influence its relationship to aging or neuropsychological scores, and the correlations between the two paradigms were strong for amplitude, but rather weak for latency. The main conclusion is that the P300 from an auditory three-stimulus paradigm is sensitive to aging and neuropsychologically valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Walhovd
- Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, P. B. 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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