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Zhang T, Wang X, Wang D, Lei M, Hu Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Luo Y, Zhang L, Zhu Y. Synergistic effects of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy: Activating the intrinsic/extrinsic apoptotic pathway of anoikis for triple-negative breast cancer treatment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 160:213859. [PMID: 38642515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly invasive and metastatic subtype of breast cancer that often recurs after surgery. Herein, we developed a cyclodextrin-based tumor-targeted nano delivery system that incorporated the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and the chemotherapeutic agent lonidamine (LND) to form the R6RGD-CMβCD-se-se-Ce6/LND nanoparticles (RCC/LND NPS). This nanosystem could target cancer cells, avoid lysosomal degradation and further localize within the mitochondria. The RCC/LND NPS had pH and redox-responsive to control the release of Ce6 and LND. Consequently, the nanosystem had a synergistic effect by effectively alleviating hypoxia, enhancing the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and amplifying the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, the RCC/LND NPS + light weakened anoikis resistance, disrupted extracellular matrix (ECM), activated both the intrinsic apoptotic pathway (mitochondrial pathway) and extrinsic apoptotic pathway (receptor death pathway) of anoikis. In addition, the nanosystem showed significant anti-TNBC efficacy in vivo. These findings collectively demonstrated that RCC/LND NPS + light enhanced the anticancer effects, induced anoikis and inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion through a synergistic effect of chemotherapy and PDT. Overall, this study highlighted the promising potential of the RCC/LND NPS + light for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongna Wang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yixue Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhimeng Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yingnan Luo
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liefeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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2
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Wang K, Ding Y, Liu Y, Ma M, Wang J, Kou Z, Liu S, Jiang B, Hou S. CPA4 as a biomarker promotes the proliferation, migration and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18165. [PMID: 38494845 PMCID: PMC10945090 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a commonly occurring and highly aggressive urological malignancy characterized by a significant mortality rate. Current therapeutic options for advanced ccRCC are limited, necessitating the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) is a zinc-containing metallocarboxypeptidase with implications in various cancer types, but its role in ccRCC remains unexplored. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were utilized in order to investigate the differential expression patterns of CPA4. The expression of CPA4 in ccRCC patients was further verified using immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of 24 clinical specimens. A network of protein-protein interactions (PPI) was established, incorporating CPA4 and its genes that were expressed differentially. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to anticipate the contribution of CPA4 in the development of ccRCC. To validate our earlier study, we conducted real-time PCR and cell functional tests on ccRCC cell lines. Our findings revealed that CPA4 is overexpressed in ccRCC, and the higher the expression of CPA4, the worse the clinical outcomes such as TNM stage, pathological stage, histological grade, etc. Moreover, patients with high CPA4 expression had worse overall survival, disease-specific survival and progress-free interval than patients with low expression. The PPI network analysis highlighted potential interactions contributing to ccRCC progression. Functional enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of CPA4 in the regulation of key pathways associated with ccRCC development. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis suggested a potential link between CPA4 expression and immune response in the tumour microenvironment. Finally, cell functional studies in ccRCC cell lines shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of CPA4 in promoting ccRCC formation. Overall, our study unveils CPA4 as a promising biomarker with prognostic potential in ccRCC. The identified interactions and pathways provide valuable insights into its implications in ccRCC development and offer a foundation for future research on targeted therapies. Further investigation of CPA4's involvement in immune responses may contribute to the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongjia Wang
- Department of UrologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yixin Ding
- Department of OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yunbo Liu
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Mingyu Ma
- Department of UrologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of UrologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zengshun Kou
- Department of UrologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of UrologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of UrologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Sichuan Hou
- Department of UrologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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3
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Lee JH, Kim J, Kim HS, Kang YJ. Unraveling Connective Tissue Growth Factor as a Therapeutic Target and Assessing Kahweol as a Potential Drug Candidate in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16307. [PMID: 38003505 PMCID: PMC10671558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by aggressive behavior and limited treatment options, necessitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a prognostic marker and explored the potential therapeutic effects of kahweol, a coffee diterpene molecule, in TNBC treatment. Initially, through a survival analysis on breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that CTGF exhibited significant prognostic effects exclusively in TNBC patients. To gain mechanistic insights, we performed the functional annotation and gene set enrichment analyses, revealing the involvement of CTGF in migratory pathways relevant to TNBC treatment. Subsequently, in vitro experiments using MDA-MB 231 cells, a representative TNBC cell line, demonstrated that recombinant CTGF (rCTGF) administration enhanced cell motility, whereas CTGF knockdown using CTGF siRNA resulted in reduced motility. Notably, rCTGF restored kahweol-reduced cell motility, providing compelling evidence for the role of CTGF in mediating kahweol's effects. At the molecular level, kahweol downregulated the protein expression of CTGF as well as critical signaling molecules, such as p-ERK, p-P38, p-PI3K/AKT, and p-FAK, associated with cell motility. In summary, our findings propose CTGF as a potential prognostic marker for guiding TNBC treatment and suggest kahweol as a promising antitumor compound capable of regulating CTGF expression to suppress cell motility in TNBC. These insights hold promise for the development of targeted therapies and improved clinical outcomes for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jongsu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Hong Sook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; (J.H.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
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Laursen SH, Hansen SG, Taskin MB, Chen M, Wogensen L, Nygaard JV, Axelsen SM. Electrospun nanofiber mesh with connective tissue growth factor and mesenchymal stem cells for pelvic floor repair: Long-term study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:392-401. [PMID: 36075108 PMCID: PMC10087977 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects many women, with an estimated lifetime risk of surgical intervention of 18.7%. There is a need for alternative approaches as the use of synthetic nondegradable mesh was stopped due to severe adverse events, and as current methods for pelvic floor repair have high POP recurrence rates. Thus, we hypothesized that electrospun degradable meshes with stem cells and growth factor were safe and durable for the long term in elderly rats. In an abdominal repair model, electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) meshes coated with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)/PEG-fibrinogen (PF) and rat mesenchymal stem cells were implanted in elderly female rats and removed after in average 53 weeks (53-week group). Collagen amount and production were quantified by qPCR and Western blotting. Moreover, histological appearance and biomechanical properties were evaluated. Results were compared with previous results of young rats with identical mesh implanted for 24 weeks (24-week group). The 53-week group differed from the 24-week group in terms of (1) reduced collagen III, (2) strong reduction in foreign body response, and (3) altered histological appearance. We found comparable biomechanical properties, aside from higher, not significant, mean tissue stiffness in the 53-week group. Lastly, we identified mesh components 53 weeks after implantation. This study provides new insights into future POP repair in postmenopausal women by showing how CTGF/PF-coated electrospun PCL meshes with stem cells exhibit sufficient support, biocompatibility, and no mesh-related complications long term in an abdominal repair model in elderly rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Husted Laursen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mehmet Berat Taskin
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Menglin Chen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering - Medical Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Vinge Nygaard
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering - Medical Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Fuchs L, Mausner-Fainberg K, Luban A, Asseyer SE, Golan M, Benhamou M, Volovitz I, Regev K, Vigiser I, Piura Y, Kolb H, Paul F, Karni A. CTGF/CCN2 has a possible detrimental role in the inflammation and the remyelination failure in the early stages of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 371:577936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Hoang NTD, Hassan G, Suehiro T, Mine Y, Matsuki T, Fujii M. BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor regulate connective tissue growth factor controlling mesothelioma cell proliferation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:984. [PMID: 36109807 PMCID: PMC9479400 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive mesothelial cell cancer type linked mainly to asbestos inhalation. MM characterizes by rapid progression and resistance to standard therapeutic modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Our previous studies have suggested that tumor cell-derived connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates the proliferation of MM cells as well as the tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Methods In this study, we knock downed the bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) and CTGF in MM cells and investigated the relationship between both and their impact on the cell cycle and cell proliferation. Results The knockdown of CTGF or BAMBI reduced MM cell proliferation. In contrast to CTGF knockdown which decreased BAMBI, knockdown of BAMBI increased CTGF levels. Knockdown of either BAMBI or CTGF reduced expression of the cell cycle regulators; cyclin D3, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, and CDK4. Further, in silico analysis revealed that higher BAMBI expression was associated with shorter overall survival rates among MM patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that BAMBI is regulated by CTGF promoting mesothelioma growth by driving cell cycle progression. Therefore, the crosstalk between BAMBI and CTGF may be an effective therapeutic target for MM treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10080-x.
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7
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Chang JW, Seo ST, Im MA, Won HR, Liu L, Oh C, Jin YL, Piao Y, Kim HJ, Kim JT, Jung SN, Koo BS. Claudin-1 mediates progression by regulating EMT through AMPK/TGF-β signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Res 2022; 247:58-78. [PMID: 35462077 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-1 (CLDN1), a major component of tight junction complexes in the epithelium, maintains cellular polarity, and plays a critical role in cell-to-cell communication as well as epithelial cell homeostasis. Although the role of CLDN1 has been widely studied in cancer, its role in the progression and the exact regulatory mechanisms, remain controversial. Using next-generation sequencing, we first analyzed the expression profiles of tumor/non-tumor paired tissue in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) from public and local cohorts and found out that CLDN1 is upregulated in tumors compared to normal tissues. Next, its correlation with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis was validated in the retrospective cohort, which collectively suggests CLDN1 as an oncogene in HNSC. As expected, the knockdown of CLDN1 inhibited invasive phenotypes by downregulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. To ascertain the regulatory mechanism of CLDN1 in HNSC analysis of GO term enrichment, KEGG pathways, and curated gene sets were used. As a result, CLDN1 was negatively associated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and positively associated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. In vitro mechanistic assay showed that CLDN1 inhibited AMPK phosphorylation by regulating AMPK upstream phosphatases, which led to inhibition of Smad2 activity. Intriguingly, the invasive phenotype of cancer cells increased by CLDN1 overexpression was rescued by AMPK activation, indicating a role of the CLDN1/AMPK/TGF-β/EMT cascade in HNSC. Consistently in vivo, CLDN1 suppression significantly inhibited the tumor growth, with elevated AMPK expression, suggesting the novel observation of oncogenic CLDN1-AMPK signaling in HNSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Tae Seo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Im
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ryun Won
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Oh
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Li Jin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yudan Piao
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jong Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Evsevieva M, Sergeeva O, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Prokhorenko-Kolomoytseva I, Shchetinin E, Birkenbihl C, Costigliola V, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Pre-pregnancy check-up of maternal vascular status and associated phenotype is crucial for the health of mother and offspring. EPMA J 2022; 13:351-366. [PMID: 36061831 PMCID: PMC9437153 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of disease burden globally with far-reaching consequences including enormous socio-economic burden to healthcare and society at large. Cardiovascular health is decisive for reproductive function, healthy pregnancy and postpartum. During pregnancy, maternal cardiovascular system is exposed to highly increased haemodynamic stress that significantly impacts health status of the mother and offspring. Resulting from sub-optimal maternal health conditions overlooked in pre-pregnancy time, progressive abnormalities can be expected during pregnancy and postpartum. Contextually, there are two main concepts to follow in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine, namely to develop: 1. advanced screening of sub-optimal health conditions in young populations to predict and prevent individual health risks prior to planned pregnancies 2. in-depth companion diagnostics during pregnancy to predict and prevent long-lasting postpartum health risks of the mother and offspring. Data collected in the current study demonstrate group-specific complications to health of the mother and offspring and clinical relevance of the related phenotyping in pre-pregnant mothers. Diagnostic approach proposed in this study revealed its great clinical utility demonstrating important synergies between cardiovascular maladaptation and connective tissue dysfunction. Co-diagnosed pre-pregnancy low BMI of the mother, connective tissue dysfunction, increased stiffness of peripheral vessels and decreased blood pressure are considered a highly specific maternal phenotype useful for innovative screening programmes in young populations to predict and prevent severe risks to health of the mother and offspring. This crucial discovery brings together systemic effects characteristic, for example, for individuals with Flammer syndrome predisposed to the phenotype-specific primary vascular dysregulation, pregnancy-associated risks, normal tension glaucoma, ischemic stroke at young age, impaired wound healing and associated disorders. Proposed maternal phenotyping is crucial to predict and effectively protect both the mother and offspring against health-to-disease transition. Pre-pregnancy check-up focused on sub-optimal health and utilising here described phenotypes is pivotal for advanced health policy. Plain English abstract Cardiovascular health is decisive for reproductive function and healthy pregnancy. During pregnancy, maternal cardiovascular system may demonstrate health-to-disease transition relevant for the affected mother and offspring. Overlooked in pre-pregnancy time, progressive abnormalities can be expected during pregnancy and lifelong. Here we co-diagnosed maternal pre-pregnancy low bodyweight with systemic effects which may increase risks of pregnancy, eye and heart disorders and ischemic stroke at young age, amongst others. Innovative screening programmes focused on sub-optimal health in young populations to predict and to mitigate individual health risks prior to pregnancy is an essential innovation for health policy proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Evsevieva
- Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana Sergeeva
- Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Ma S, Kanai R, Pobbati AV, Li S, Che K, Seavey CN, Hallett A, Burtscher A, Lamar JM, Rubin BP. The TAZ-CAMTA1 Fusion Protein Promotes Tumorigenesis via Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Ras-MAPK Signaling in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3116-3126. [PMID: 35443056 PMCID: PMC9306355 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A consistent genetic alteration in vascular cancer epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is the t(1;3)(p36;q25) chromosomal translocation, which generates a WWTR1(TAZ)-CAMTA1 (TC) fusion gene. TC is a transcriptional coactivator that drives EHE. Here, we aimed to identify the TC transcriptional targets and signaling mechanisms that underlie EHE tumorigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used NIH3T3 cells transformed with TC (NIH3T3/TC) as a model system to uncover TC-dependent oncogenic signaling. These cells proliferated in an anchorage-independent manner in suspension and soft agar. The findings of the cell-based studies were validated in a xenograft model. RESULTS We identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a tumorigenic transcriptional target of TC. We show that CTGF binds to integrin αIIbβ3, which is essential for sustaining the anchorage-independent proliferation of transformed NIH3T3/TC cells. NIH3T3/TC cells also have enhanced Ras and MAPK signaling, and the activity of these pathways is reduced upon CTGF knockdown, suggesting that CTGF signaling occurs via the Ras-MAPK cascade. Further, pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK signaling through PD 0325901 and trametinib abrogated TC-driven anchorage-independent growth. Likewise, for tumor growth in vivo, NIH3T3/TC cells require CTGF and MAPK signaling. NIH3T3/TC xenograft growth was profoundly reduced upon CTGF knockdown and after trametinib treatment. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrated that CTGF and the Ras-MAPK signaling cascade are essential for TC-mediated tumorigenesis. These studies provided the preclinical rationale for SARC033 (NCI 10015-NCT03148275), a nonrandomized, open-label, phase II study of trametinib in patients with unresectable or metastatic EHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan Kanai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Ajaybabu V. Pobbati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kepeng Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Caleb N. Seavey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrea Hallett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ashley Burtscher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John M. Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Brian P. Rubin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Corresponding Author: Brian P. Rubin, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195. Phone: 216-445-6889; E-mail:
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10
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Awwad L, Aronheim A. Cardiac Dysfunction Promotes Cancer Progression via Multiple Secreted Factors. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1753-1761. [PMID: 35260887 PMCID: PMC9359722 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure and cancer are the leading cause of deaths worldwide. While heart failure and cancer have been considered separate diseases, it is becoming evident that they are highly connected and affect each other's outcomes. Recent studies using experimental mouse models have suggested that heart failure promotes tumor progression. The mouse models used involve major irreversible surgery. Here, we induced heart hypertrophy via expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in cardiomyocytes, followed by cancer cells' implantation. Tumors developing in ATF3-transgenic mice grew larger and displayed a more highly metastatic phenotype compared with tumors in wild-type mice. To address whether ATF3 expression or the cardiac outcome are necessary for tumor progression, ATF3 expression was turned off after cardiac hypertrophy development followed by cancer cell implantation. The tumor promotion phenotype and the enhancement of metastatic properties were preserved, suggesting that the failing heart per se is sufficient to promote tumor progression. Serum derived from ATF3-transgenic mice enhanced cancer cell proliferation and increased cancer cell metastatic properties in vitro. Using a cytokine array panel, multiple factors responsible for promoting tumor cell proliferation and the metastatic phenotype were identified. Interestingly, the failing heart and the tumor separately and simultaneously contributed to higher levels of these factors in the serum as well as other tissues and organs. These data suggest the existence of intimate cross-talk between the hypertrophied heart and the tumor that is mediated by secreted factors, leading to cancer promotion and disease deterioration. SIGNIFICANCE This work highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of heart failure prior to reaching the irreversible stage that can exacerbate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ami Aronheim
- Corresponding Author: Ami Aronheim, Israel Institute of Technology, 7th Efron St. Bat-Galim, PO Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel. Phone: 972-4829-5454; Fax: 972-4829-5225; E-mail:
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11
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Oncogenic Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Associated with Canonical TGF-β Cascade in Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040689. [PMID: 35456495 PMCID: PMC9031605 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling pathways promote tumour development and control several downstream genes such as CTGF and MMPs. This study aimed to investigate the association between CTGF and MMP-1 mRNA expressions with clinicopathological status and survival rate in colorectal cancer patients. We investigated expression levels of CTGF and MMP-1 genes in paraffin-embedded tumours and adjacent normal tissue blocks (ADJ) by Real Time-PCR. Then, the expression of Smad2 and Smad4 proteins in the TGF-β canonical pathway was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the correlation between CTGF, MMP-1, and the canonical TGF-β-signalling pathway with the clinicopathological features was investigated. Expression levels of MMP-1and CTGF were higher in tumours compared with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression levels of MMP-1 and CTGF were associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumour histopathological grading, advanced stage, and poor survival (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant association between the upregulation of MMP-1 and tumour location was noted. Upregulation of Smad2 and Smad4 proteins were also significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, advanced stage, and poor survival (p < 0.0001). This study showed that canonical TGF-β signalling regulates both CTGF and MMP-1 expression and CRC progression. Moreover, TGF-β signalling and its downstream genes could be used as novel biomarkers and novel approaches for targeted therapy in CRC.
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12
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Strategies targeting tumor immune and stromal microenvironment and their clinical relevance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114137. [PMID: 35143893 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumor initiation and development has been well-recognized after more than a century of studies. Numerous therapeutic approaches targeting TME are rapidly developed including those leveraging nanotechnology, which have been further accelerated since the emergence of immune checkpoint blockade therapies in the past decade. While there are many reviews focusing on TME remodeling therapies via drug delivery and engineering strategies in animal models, state-of-the-art evaluation of clinical development states of TME-targeted therapeutics is rarely found. Here, we illustrate opportunities for integrating nano-delivery system for the development of TME-specific therapeutic regimen, followed by a comprehensive summary of the most up to date approved or clinically evaluated therapeutics targeting cellular and extracellular components within tumor immune and stromal microenvironment, including small molecule and monoclonal antibody drugs as well as nanomedicines. In the end, we also discuss challenges and possible solutions for clinical translation of TME-targeted nanomedicines.
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13
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Elevated Serum IGFBP-2 and CTGF Levels Are Associated with Disease Activity in Patients with Dermatomyositis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9223883. [PMID: 35356065 PMCID: PMC8958080 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9223883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) participate in angiogenesis. Dermatomyositis (DM) is characterized by microvasculopathy-derived skin lesions. Here, we investigated the clinical significance of serum IGFBP and CTGF levels in DM patients. Methods. In this study, 65 DM patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum IGFBP and CTGF levels were examined by ELISA, and their correlation with clinical and laboratory findings was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation. Results. Serum IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4, and CTGF levels were higher in DM patients than in healthy controls (median (quartile): 258.9 (176.4–326.1) ng/mL vs. 167.7 (116.1–209.4) ng/mL,
; 450.4 (327.3–631.8) ng/mL vs. 392.2 (339.0–480.2) ng/mL,
; and 45.71 (38.54–57.45) ng/mL vs. 35.52 (30.23–41.52) ng/mL,
, respectively). IGFBP-2 and CTGF levels were positively correlated with cutaneous (
,
and
,
, respectively) and global (
,
and
,
, respectively) disease activity in DM patients. Conclusion. Serum IGFBP-2 and CTGF levels were increased in patients with DM and correlated with cutaneous and global disease activity.
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14
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Sun X, Hou Z, Li N, Zhang S. MiR-597-5p suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting transcriptional enhancer associate domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:96-108. [PMID: 35169903 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with high incidence and mortality. MiR-597-5p is downregulated in tumor tissues of HCC compared with non-tumor tissues. However, its role in HCC is still unknown. This study aims to assess the function of miR-597-5p in HCC development and investigate the underlying mechanism. To perform gain- and loss-of-function studies, SK-HEP-1 cells and Huh-7 cells were transfected with miR-597-5p mimics and inhibitor, respectively. MiR-597-5p markedly reduced the cell viability and the expression of Ki-67 in HCC cells. MiR-597-5p also repressed the cell cycle progression of HCC cells and the protein levels of cyclin D1 and CDK2. Moreover, miR597-5p inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells and decreased MMP2 and MMP9 levels. Transcriptional enhancer associate domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) was identified as a target of miR-597-5p by luciferase reporter assay. TEAD1 and its downstream target genes, CTGF and CYR61, were downregulated by miR-597-5p in HCC cells. Furthermore, miR-597-5p was demonstrated to function in HCC progression by targeting TEAD1 via TEAD1 expression gain and loss. Our study demonstrates that miR-597-5p represses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells through targeting TEAD1, which provides a therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Sun
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456 Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, 048026, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiyun Hou
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456 Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, 048026, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ning Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456 Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, 048026, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuangwei Zhang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456 Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, 048026, Shanxi, China
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15
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Seo JH, Jeon YJ. Global Proteomic Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells via Connective Tissue Growth Factor Treatment under Chemically Defined Feeder-Free Culture Conditions. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:126-140. [PMID: 34750284 PMCID: PMC9628825 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can be applied usefully in basic research and clinical field due to their differentiation and self-renewal capacity. The aim of this study was to establish an effective novel therapeutic cellular source and create its molecular expression profile map to elucidate the possible therapeutic mechanism and signaling pathway. We successfully obtained a mesenchymal stem cell population from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured on chemically defined feeder-free conditions and treated with connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and performed the expressive proteomic approach to elucidate the molecular basis. We further selected 12 differentially expressed proteins in CTGF-induced hESC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (C-hESC-MSCs), which were found to be involved in the metabolic process, immune response, cell signaling, and cell proliferation, as compared to bone marrow derived-MSCs(BM-MSCs). Moreover, these up-regulated proteins were potentially related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results suggest that C-hESC-MSCs are a highly proliferative cell population, which can interact with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; thus, due to the upregulated cell survival ability or downregulated apoptosis effects of C-hESC-MSCs, these can be used as an unlimited cellular source in the cell therapy field for a higher therapeutic potential. Overall, the study provided valuable insights into the molecular functioning of hESC derivatives as a valuable cellular source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-42-860-4386 Fax: +82-42-860-4608 E-mail:
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16
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Feng M, Dong N, Zhou X, Ma L, Xiang R. Myosin light chain 9 promotes the proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer cells by binding to Yes-associated protein 1 and regulating Hippo signaling. Bioengineered 2022; 13:96-106. [PMID: 34974798 PMCID: PMC8805887 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer with high incidence and poor prognosis. Increased expression of myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) has been reported in early-stage and recurrent colorectal cancer tissues. This study aimed to investigate the precise role of MYL9 on the progression of colorectal cancer. MYL9 expression in several colorectal cancer cell lines was detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Following MYL9 overexpression or knockdown, MYL9 expression was determined via RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation was detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell invasion, migration and angiogenesis were, respectively, examined with transwell, wound healing and tube formation assays. The binding between MYL9 and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) was verified by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. The expression of YAP1, connective tissue growth factor and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 was examined by Western blotting. Subsequently, YAP1 silencing or Hippo antagonist was performed to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of MYL9 in colorectal cancer progression. Experimental results showed that MYL9 expression was elevated in colorectal cancer cell lines. MYL9 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis, while silencing of MYL9 exerted the opposite effects. Results of co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that MYL9 could bind to YAP1. Further experiments revealed that MYL9 affected the expression of YAP1 and its downstream signaling proteins. Afterward, YAP1 knockdown or the addition of Hippo antagonist inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer cells. Overall, MYL9 promotes the proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer cells by binding to YAP1 and thereby activating Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, East Hospital of Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong Province, Zibo City, China
| | - Ningfei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, East Hospital of Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong Province, Zibo City, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, East Hospital of Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong Province, Zibo City, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, West Hospital of Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West Hospital of Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
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17
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Cersosimo F, Barbarino M, Lonardi S, Vermi W, Giordano A, Bellan C, Giurisato E. Mesothelioma Malignancy and the Microenvironment: Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225664. [PMID: 34830817 PMCID: PMC8616064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that cellular and soluble components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a key role in cancer-initiation and progression. Considering the relevance and the complexity of TME in cancer biology, recent research has focused on the investigation of the TME content, in terms of players and informational exchange. Understanding the crosstalk between tumor and non-tumor cells is crucial to design more beneficial anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a complex and heterogenous tumor mainly caused by asbestos exposure with few treatment options and low life expectancy after standard therapy. MPM leukocyte infiltration is rich in macrophages. Given the failure of macrophages to eliminate asbestos fibers, these immune cells accumulate in pleural cavity leading to the establishment of a unique inflammatory environment and to the malignant transformation of mesothelial cells. In this inflammatory landscape, stromal and immune cells play a driven role to support tumor development and progression via a bidirectional communication with tumor cells. Characterization of the MPM microenvironment (MPM-ME) may be useful to understand the complexity of mesothelioma biology, such as to identify new molecular druggable targets, with the aim to improve the outcome of the disease. In this review, we summarize the known evidence about the MPM-ME network, including its prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cersosimo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Marcella Barbarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (W.V.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (W.V.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-057-723-2125
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18
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Vornicescu C, Șenilă SC, Bejinariu NI, Vesa ȘC, Boșca AB, Chirilă DN, Melincovici CS, Sorițău O, Mihu CM. Predictive factors for the recurrence of surgically excised basal cell carcinomas: A retrospective clinical and immunopathological pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1336. [PMID: 34630690 PMCID: PMC8495561 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent form of skin cancer and is not a tumor with a lethal outcome if diagnosed and treated adequately. The gold standard for treatment is surgical excision with histologically safe margins. Even so, tumors excised with free margins may recur after a period of time. The identification of predictive factors for the recurrence of BCCs besides the localization, size and aggressive histology may be useful for the clinician. The aim of the present study was to identify clinical and pathological factors associated with recurrence in tumors with histologically free margins and assess via immunohistochemical staining, the expression of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), yes-associated protein (YAP), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and E-cadherin as they are involved in the development of BCCs, in the hope of identifying markers that are predictive for recurrence. In total, 8 recurrent BCCs and 38 non-recurrent tumors were analyzed. A Breslow index >2 (Se 100.0%, Sp 67.5%, P=0.008), Clark level >3 (Se 100.0%, Sp 47.5%, P<0.001), and excision margins both lateral (Se 87.5%, Sp 60.0%, P=0.04) and deep (Se 75.0%, Sp 82.5%, P<0.001) free from tumoral cells ≤1 mm proved to be predictive for recurrence in the present study. Recurrence may appear even after more than 3 years since the initial excision (Se 87.50%, Sp 70.0%, P<0.001). The expression levels of GLI1, YAP and E-cadherin were not different in the recurrent vs. non-recurrent BCCs. However, the low expression of CTGF may indicate a tumor with a higher aggressiveness. In conclusion, close follow-up of patients with excised BCCs at least annually is recommended and re-excision should be taken into consideration for locally advanced tumors especially if they are located in high-risk areas or those with histologically free margins <1 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Vornicescu
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Corina Șenilă
- Department of Dermatology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nona Ionela Bejinariu
- Department of Pathology, Santomar Oncodiagnostic, 'Regina Maria' Private Healthcare Network, 400664 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefan Cristian Vesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Out-patient's Clinic Infectious Disease Hospital, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adina Bianca Boșca
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daciana Narcisa Chirilă
- Department of Surgery, Vth Surgical Clinic, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgery, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Stanca Melincovici
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Radiology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Sorițău
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Radiobiology, 'Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă' Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Morphological Sciences-Histology, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Radiology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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19
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Zaykov V, Chaqour B. The CCN2/CTGF interactome: an approach to understanding the versatility of CCN2/CTGF molecular activities. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:567-580. [PMID: 34613590 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network 2 (CCN2), also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates diverse cellular processes, some at odds with others, including adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis. Although a cause-and-effect relationship between CCN2/CTGF expression and local fibrotic reactions has initially been established, CCN2/CTGF manifests cell-, tissue-, and context-specific functions and differentially affects developmental and pathological processes ranging from progenitor cell fate decisions and angiogenesis to inflammation and tumorigenesis. CCN2/CTGF multimodular structure, binding to and activation or inhibition of multiple cell surface receptors, growth factors and ECM proteins, and susceptibility for proteolytic cleavage highlight the complexity to CCN2/CTGF biochemical attributes. CCN2/CTGF expression and dosage in the local environment affects a defined community of its interacting partners, and this results in sequestration of growth factors, interference with or potentiation of ligand-receptor binding, cellular internalization of CCN2/CTGF, inhibition or activation of proteases, and generation of CCN2/CTGF degradome products that add molecular diversity and expand the repertoire of functional modules in the cells and their microenvironment. Through these interactions, different intracellular signals and cellular responses are elicited culminating into physiological or pathological reactions. Thus, the CCN2/CTGF interactome is a defining factor of its tissue- and context-specific effects. Mapping of new CCN2/CTGF binding partners might shed light on yet unknown roles of CCN2/CTGF and provide a solid basis for tissue-specific targeting this molecule or its interacting partners in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Zaykov
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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20
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Ren Z, Li J, Zhao S, Qiao Q, Li R. Knockdown of MCM8 functions as a strategy to inhibit the development and progression of osteosarcoma through regulating CTGF. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:376. [PMID: 33828075 PMCID: PMC8027380 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone derived from osteoblasts, which is a noteworthy threat to the health of children and adolescents. In this study, we found that MCM8 has significantly higher expression level in osteosarcoma tissues in comparison with normal tissues, which was also correlated with more advanced tumor grade and pathological stage. In agreement with the role of MCM proteins as indicators of cell proliferation, knockdown/overexpression of MCM8 inhibited/promoted osteosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Also, MCM8 knockdown/overexpression was also significantly associated with the promotion/inhibition of cell apoptosis and suppression/promotion of cell migration. More importantly, mechanistic study identified CTGF as a potential downstream target of MCM8, silencing of which could enhance the regulatory effects of MCM8 knockdown and alleviate the effects of MCM8 overexpression on osteosarcoma development. In summary, MCM8/CTGF axis was revealed as critical participant in the development and progression of osteosarcoma and MCM8 may be a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shanwen Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510610, China.,Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Runguang Li
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510610, China. .,Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, 860000, China.
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21
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Li ZJ, Cheng J, Song Y, Li HH, Zheng JF. LncRNA SNHG5 upregulation induced by YY1 contributes to angiogenesis via miR-26b/CTGF/VEGFA axis in acute myelogenous leukemia. J Transl Med 2021; 101:341-352. [PMID: 33318617 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. Despite great progress has been made in this field, the pathogenesis of AML is still not fully understood. We report here the biological role of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) in the pathogenesis of AML and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that lncRNA SNHG5 was highly expressed in AML cancer cell lines. In vitro studies displayed that inhibition of SNHG5 with shRNA resulted in suppression of survival, cell cycle progression, migration/invasion of AML and capacity of adhesion and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mechanistic studies revealed a SNHG5/miR-26b/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) axis in the regulation of AML angiogenesis. Finally, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) was found to transactivate and interact with SNHG5 promoter, leading to the upregulation of SNHG5 in AML. Collectively, upregulation of lncRNA SNHG5 mediated by YY1, activates CTGF/VEGFA via targeting miR-26b to regulate angiogenesis of AML. Our work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jiang Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.
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22
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Shah AM, Jain K, Desai RS, Bansal S, Shirsat P, Prasad P, Bodhankar K. The Role of Increased Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and its Malignant Transformation-An Immunohistochemical Study. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:817-830. [PMID: 33544386 PMCID: PMC8384978 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins, is highly expressed in various organ fibrosis and several malignant tumors. Although a few studies have been conducted using CTGF in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma, no study has demonstrated its relation with various stages of OSF and its malignant transformation. The present study investigated the possible role of CTGF in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation by using immunohistochemistry. Ten formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, each of Stage 1 OSF, Stage 2 OSF, Stage 3 OSF, Stage 4 OSF, well- differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) with OSF and WDSCC without OSF were stained for CTGF by immunohistochemistry. Ten cases of healthy buccal mucosa (NOM) were included as controls. The present study demonstrated a statistically significant expression of CTGF in the epithelium and connective tissue of OSF and WDSCC with and without OSF cases against its complete absence in NOM. We observed an upregulation of CTGF expression from NOM to various stages of OSF to WDSCC with or without OSF. A gradual upregulation of the CTGF expression in various stages of OSF to WDSCC (with and without OSF) against its complete absence in NOM suggests that CTGF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kejal Jain
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Rajiv S. Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Pankaj Shirsat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Kshitija Bodhankar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
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23
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Connective tissue growth factor as an unfavorable prognostic marker promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gliomas. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021:670-678. [PMID: 32197031 PMCID: PMC7190229 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In consideration of the difficulty in diagnosing high heterogeneous glioma, valuable prognostic markers are urgent to be investigated. This study aimed to verify that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is associated with the clinical prognosis of glioma, also to analyze the effect of CTGF on the biological function. METHODS In this study, glioma and non-tumor tissue samples were obtained in 2012 to 2014 from the Department of Neurosurgery of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Based on messenger RNA (mRNA) data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and CCGA dataset, combined with related clinical information, we detected the expression of CTGF mRNA in glioma and assessed its effect on the prognosis of glioma patients. High expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in glioma were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. The role of CTGF in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gliomas were respectively identified by methylthiazoletetrazolium assay, Transwell and Boyden assay in vitro. The effect on glioma cell circle was assessed by flow cytometry. For higher expression of CTGF in glioblastoma (GBM), the biological function of CTGF in GBM was investigated by gene ontology (GO) analysis. RESULTS In depth analysis of TCGA data revealed that CTGF mRNA was highly expressed in glioma (GBM, n = 163; lowly proliferative glioma [LGG], n = 518; non-tumor brain tissue, n = 207; LGG, t = 2.410, GBM, t = 2.364, P < 0.05). CTGF mRNA and protein expression in glioma (86%) was significantly higher than that in non-tumor tissues (18%) verified by collected samples. Glioma patients with higher expression of CTGF showed an obviously poorer overall survival (35.4 and 27.0 months compared to 63.3 and 55.1 months in TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases separately, CGGA: χ = 7.596, P = 0.0059; TCGA: χ = 10.46, P = 0.0012). Inhibiting CTGF expression could significantly suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gliomas. CTGF higher expression had been observed in GBM, and GO analysis demonstrated that the function of CTGF in GBM was mainly associated with metabolism and energy pathways (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CTGF is highly expressed in glioma, especially GBM, as an unfavorable and independent prognostic marker for glioma patients and facilitates the progress of glioma.
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Bassiouni W, Ali MAM, Schulz R. Multifunctional intracellular matrix metalloproteinases: implications in disease. FEBS J 2021; 288:7162-7182. [PMID: 33405316 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that were first discovered as proteases, which target and cleave extracellular proteins. During the past 20 years, however, intracellular roles of MMPs were uncovered and research on this new aspect of their biology expanded. MMP-2 is the first of this protease family to be reported to play a crucial intracellular role where it cleaves several sarcomeric proteins inside cardiac myocytes during oxidative stress-induced injury. Beyond MMP-2, currently at least eleven other MMPs are known to function intracellularly including MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP-14, MMP-23 and MMP-26. These intracellular MMPs are localized to different compartments inside the cell including the cytosol, sarcomere, mitochondria, and the nucleus. Intracellular MMPs contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Cardiovascular renal disorders, inflammation, and malignancy are some examples. They also exert antiviral and bactericidal effects. Interestingly, MMPs can act intracellularly through both protease-dependent and protease-independent mechanisms. In this review, we will highlight the intracellular mechanisms of MMPs activation, their numerous subcellular locales, substrates, and roles in different pathological conditions. We will also discuss the future direction of MMP research and the necessity to exploit the knowledge of their intracellular targets and actions for the design of targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Bassiouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammad A M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York-Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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25
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Hubeau C, Rocks N, Cataldo D. ADAM28: Another ambivalent protease in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 494:18-26. [PMID: 32861707 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of novel therapeutic options in a perspective of personalized therapy of cancer relies on the discovery of precise molecular mechanisms involved in the switch from a localized tumor to invasive metastasis spread. Pro-tumor functions have been mostly ascribed to proteolytic enzymes from the metalloproteinase family including A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAMs). Particularly, when expressed by cancer cells, ADAM28 protease supports cancer cell proliferation, survival and migration as well as metastatic progression. In sharp contrast, ADAM28 derived from the tumor microenvironment has shown to exert strong protective effects against deleterious metastasis dissemination. Indeed, depletion of host-derived ADAM28 (ADAM28 KO mice) accelerates colonization lung tissues, increases tumor foci implantation, and impairs T cell immune response. In this review, we outline specific ADAM28 functions when specifically expressed by carcinoma cells or by tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss about future research strategies that could be pursued to highlight new functions of this protease in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hubeau
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Rocks
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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26
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Avraham S, Abu-Sharki S, Shofti R, Haas T, Korin B, Kalfon R, Friedman T, Shiran A, Saliba W, Shaked Y, Aronheim A. Early Cardiac Remodeling Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Circulation 2020; 142:670-683. [PMID: 32475164 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that cancer and cardiovascular diseases are associated. Chemotherapy drugs are known to result in cardiotoxicity, and studies have shown that heart failure and stress correlate with poor cancer prognosis. However, whether cardiac remodeling in the absence of heart failure is sufficient to promote cancer is unknown. METHODS To investigate the effect of early cardiac remodeling on tumor growth and metastasis colonization, we used transverse aortic constriction (TAC), a model for pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and followed it by cancer cell implantation. RESULTS TAC-operated mice developed larger primary tumors with a higher proliferation rate and displayed more metastatic lesions compared with controls. Serum derived from TAC-operated mice potentiated cancer cell proliferation in vitro, suggesting the existence of secreted tumor-promoting factors. Using RNA-sequencing data, we identified elevated mRNA levels of periostin in the hearts of TAC-operated mice. Periostin levels were also found to be high in the serum after TAC. Depletion of periostin from the serum abrogated the proliferation of cancer cells; conversely, the addition of periostin enhanced cancer cell proliferation in vitro. This is the first study to show that early cardiac remodeling nurtures tumor growth and metastasis and therefore promotes cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac remodeling because it may attenuate cancer progression and improve cancer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimrit Avraham
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Soraya Abu-Sharki
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rona Shofti
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tali Haas
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ben Korin
- Department of Immunology (B.K.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neuroscience (B.K.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roy Kalfon
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Pre-Clinical Research Authority Unit (R.S., T.H.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tom Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Department of Cardiac Surgery (T.F.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avinoam Shiran
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Walid Saliba
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology (W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Shaked
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ami Aronheim
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (S.A., S.A.-S., R.K., T.F., Y.S., A.A., B.K., A.S., W.S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Hippo/YAP Signaling Pathway: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Bone Paediatric Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030645. [PMID: 32164350 PMCID: PMC7139637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most prevalent bone pediatric tumors. Despite intensive basic and medical research studies to discover new therapeutics and to improve current treatments, almost 40% of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma patients succumb to the disease. Patients with poor prognosis are related to either the presence of metastases at diagnosis or resistance to chemotherapy. Over the past ten years, considerable interest for the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway has taken place within the cancer research community. This signaling pathway operates at different steps of tumor progression: Primary tumor growth, angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastatic dissemination. This review discusses the current knowledge about the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in cancer and specifically in paediatric bone sarcoma progression.
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28
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Sugimoto W, Itoh K, Hirata H, Abe Y, Torii T, Mitsui Y, Budirahardja Y, Tanaka N, Kawauchi K. MMP24 as a Target of YAP is a Potential Prognostic Factor in Cancer Patients. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7010018. [PMID: 32093160 PMCID: PMC7148509 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cancer cells becomes stiffer during tumor progression, which influences cancer cell behaviors such as invasion and proliferation through modulation of gene expression as well as remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we show that MMP24 encoding matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-24 is a novel target gene of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcription coactivator known as a mechanotransducer. We first examined the effect of substrate stiffness on MMP24 expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and showed that the expression of MMP24 was significantly higher in cells grown on stiff substrates than that on soft substrates. The MMP24 expression was significantly reduced by knockdown of YAP. In contrast, the expression of constitutively active YAP increased MMP24 promoter activity. In addition, binding of YAP to the MMP24 promoter was confirmed by the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. These results show that ECM stiffening promotes YAP activation, thereby inducing MMP24 expression. Based on the Human Protein Atlas database, breast cancer patients with lower MMP24 expression exhibit the worse survival rates overall. Thus, MMP24 may negatively regulate the aggressiveness of cancer cells under the stiff ECM environment during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sugimoto
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (W.S.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.)
| | - Katsuhiko Itoh
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (W.S.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.)
| | - Hiroaki Hirata
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Yoshinori Abe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Takeru Torii
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (W.S.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yasumasa Mitsui
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (W.S.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yemima Budirahardja
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (W.S.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.)
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (K.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5814-6912 (N.T.); +81-78-303-1346 (K.K.); Fax: +81-3-5814-6792 (N.T.); +81-78-303-1495 (K.K.)
| | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (W.S.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.)
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (K.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5814-6912 (N.T.); +81-78-303-1346 (K.K.); Fax: +81-3-5814-6792 (N.T.); +81-78-303-1495 (K.K.)
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29
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Lu M, Yan XF, Si Y, Chen XZ. CTGF Triggers Rat Astrocyte Activation and Astrocyte-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Culture Conditions. Inflammation 2020; 42:1693-1704. [PMID: 31183597 PMCID: PMC6717176 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To improve clinical outcomes for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), it is necessary to explore the mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neuroinflammation. Connective tissue growth factors (CTGF) have been reported to be involved in the process of inflammatory response or tissue repair, whereas whether and how CTGF participates in the astrocyte-mediated inflammation after TBI remains unclear. In the present study, the TBI-induced activation of astrocytes and augmentation of inflammatory response were simulated by stimulating rat astrocytes with TGF-β1 or CTGF in cultured conditions. TGF-β1 and CTGF both upregulated the expression of GFAP in astrocytes and facilitated the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Activation of astrocytes by CTGF is in an autocrine manner. According to the results of Boyden chamber assay, CTGF enhanced the recruitment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by reactive astrocytes. Besides, CTGF-mediated activation of astrocytes and augmentation of inflammatory response can be terminated by the inhibitor of ASK1 or p38 and JNK. Thus, our data suggested that CTGF could activate astrocytes in an autocrine manner and promote astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response by triggering the ASK1-p38/JNK-NF-κB/AP-1 pathways in astrocytes. Collectively, our study provided evidence that astrocyte-secreted CTGF serves as an amplifier of neuroinflammatory and could be a potential target for alleviating TBI-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City, 199 Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City, 199 Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
| | - Yun Si
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City, 199 Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City, 199 Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, China
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30
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Zhou Q, Bauden M, Andersson R, Hu D, Marko-Varga G, Xu J, Sasor A, Dai H, Pawłowski K, Said Hilmersson K, Chen X, Ansari D. YAP1 is an independent prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer and associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. J Transl Med 2020; 18:77. [PMID: 32054505 PMCID: PMC7017485 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. The identification of effective biomarkers is essential in order to improve management of the disease. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, a signal transduction system implicated in tissue repair and regeneration, as well as tumorigenesis. Here we evaluate the biomarker potential of YAP1 in pancreatic cancer tissue. Methods YAP1 was selected as a possible biomarker for pancreatic cancer from global protein sequencing of fresh frozen pancreatic cancer tissue samples and normal pancreas controls. The prognostic utility of YAP1 was evaluated using mRNA expression data from 176 pancreatic cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), as well as protein expression data from immunohistochemistry analysis of a local tissue microarray (TMA) cohort comprising 140 pancreatic cancer patients. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was applied to outline the interaction network for YAP1 in connection to the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. The expression of YAP1 target gene products was evaluated after treatment of the pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 with three substances interrupting YAP–TEAD interaction, including Super-TDU, Verteporfin and CA3. Results Mass spectrometry based proteomics showed that YAP1 is the top upregulated protein in pancreatic cancer tissue when compared to normal controls (log2 fold change 6.4; p = 5E−06). Prognostic analysis of YAP1 demonstrated a significant correlation between mRNA expression level data and reduced overall survival (p = 0.001). In addition, TMA and immunohistochemistry analysis suggested that YAP1 protein expression is an independent predictor of poor overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.870, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.224–2.855, p = 0.004], as well as reduced disease-free survival (HR 1.950, 95% CI 1.299–2.927, p = 0.001). Bioinformatic analyses coupled with in vitro assays indicated that YAP1 is involved in the transcriptional control of target genes, associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, which could be modified by selected substances disrupting the YAP1-TEAD interaction. Conclusions Our findings indicate that YAP1 is an important prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer and may play a regulatory role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Zhou
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monika Bauden
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dingyuan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science and Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Agata Sasor
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hua Dai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Said Hilmersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xi Chen
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
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31
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Melnik D, Sahana J, Corydon TJ, Kopp S, Nassef MZ, Wehland M, Infanger M, Grimm D, Krüger M. Dexamethasone Inhibits Spheroid Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020367. [PMID: 32033410 PMCID: PMC7072698 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment and the formation of spheroids under microgravity conditions can be observed with various types of intrinsically adherent human cells. In particular, for cancer cells this process mimics metastasis and may provide insights into cancer biology and progression that can be used to identify new drug/target combinations for future therapies. By using the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), we were able to suppress spheroid formation in a culture of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC)-133 cells that were exposed to altered gravity conditions on a random positioning machine. DEX inhibited the growth of three-dimensional cell aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. In the first approach, we analyzed the expression of several factors that are known to be involved in key processes of cancer progression such as autocrine signaling, proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and anoikis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and expression patterns of important genes in cancer cell growth and survival, which were further suggested to play a role in three-dimensional aggregation, such as NFKB2, VEGFA, CTGF, CAV1, BCL2(L1), or SNAI1, were clearly affected by DEX. Our data suggest the presence of a more complex regulation network of tumor spheroid formation involving additional signal pathways or individual key players that are also influenced by DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melnik
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; (J.S.); (T.J.C.); (D.G.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (D.M.); (S.K.); (M.Z.N.); (M.W.); (M.I.)
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6721-267
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Obaidi I, Higgins M, Bahar B, Davis JL, McMorrow T. Identification of the Multifaceted Chemopreventive Activity of Curcumin Against the Carcinogenic Potential of the Food Additive, KBrO3. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:595-614. [PMID: 29278208 PMCID: PMC6204662 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666171226143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Potassium bromate (KBrO3), a food additive, has been used in many bakery products as an oxidizing agent. It has been shown to induce renal cancer in many in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models Objectives: This study evaluated the carcinogenic potential of potassium bromate (KBrO3) and the chemopreventive mechanisms of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemical, curcumin against KBrO3-induced carcinogenicity. Method: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay and morphological characteristics were used to assess curcumin's cytoprotective potential against KBrO3 toxicity. To assess the chemopreventive potential of curcumin against KBrO3-induced oxidative insult, intracellular H2O2 and the nuclear concen-tration of the DNA adduct 8-OHdG were measured. PCR array, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis were used to identify dysregulated genes by KBrO3 exposure. Furthermore, immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the ciliary loss and the disturbance of cellular tight junction induced by KBrO3. Results: Oxidative stress assays showed that KBrO3 increased the levels of intracellular H2O2 and the DNA adduct 8-OHdG. Combination of curcumin with KBrO3 efficiently reduced the level of H2O2 and 8-OHdG while up-regulating the expression of catalase. PCR array, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis revealed that KBrO3 dysregulated multiple genes involved in inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis, namely CTGF, IL-1, and TRAF3. Moreover, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence studies showed that KBrO3 negatively affected the tight junctional protein (ZO-1) and induced a degeneration of primary ciliary proteins. The negative impact of KBrO3 on cilia was markedly repressed by curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin could potentially be used as a protective agent against carcinogenicity of KBrO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Obaidi
- UCD Centre for Toxicology, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Michael Higgins
- UCD Centre for Toxicology, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- International Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica L Davis
- UCD Centre for Toxicology, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tara McMorrow
- UCD Centre for Toxicology, School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Miao X, Fan B, Li R, Zhang S, Lin H. Network Analysis of Depression-Related Transcriptomic Profiles. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:143-149. [PMID: 30825116 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common debilitating disorder that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying depression remains largely unknown. The current study investigated the association of depression with blood gene expression using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Depression was measured by the geriatric depression scale, and the blood gene expression was measured by the Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Array. Linear regression was used to test the association between gene expression and depression, and the model was adjusted for age and sex. A total of 671 participants were included in our study (mean age 75 ± 8 years, 43.2% women). We found three genes were associated with depression, including COL1A2 (P = 8.9 × 10-8), RNF150 (P = 1.4 × 10-7) and CTGF (P = 8.3 × 10-7). An interaction network was built, and the pathway analysis indicated that many depression-related genes were involved in the neurotrophin signaling pathway (P = 2.1 × 10-7). Future studies are necessary to validate our findings and further investigate potential mechanism of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Rongqun Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-616, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Electroneutral polymersomes for combined cancer chemotherapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:327-340. [PMID: 30201433 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Combination cancer chemotherapy provides an important treatment tool, both as an adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment, this shift in focus from mono to combination therapies has led to increased interest in drug delivery systems (DDS). DDSs, such as polymersomes, are capable of encapsulating large amounts of multiple drugs with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties simultaneously, as well as offering a mechanism to combat multi drug resistant cancers and poor patient tolerance of the cytotoxic compounds utilised. In this article, we report the formulation and evaluation of a novel electroneutral polymersome capable of high encapsulation efficacies for multiple drugs (Doxorubicin, 5-Fluorouracil and leucovorin). The in-vivo biodistribution of the polymersome were established and they were found to accumulate largely in tumour tissue. Polymersome encapsulating the three chemotherapeutic drugs were assessed both in-vitro (BxPC-3 cell line) and in-vivo (following intratumoral and intravenous administration) and compared with the same concentration of the three drugs in solution. We report better efficacy and higher maximum tolerated dose for our combination drug loaded polymersomes in all experiments. Furthermore, intratumorally injected combination drug loaded polymersomes exhibited a 62% reduction in tumour volume after 13 days when compared with the free combination solutions. A smaller differential of 13% was observed for when treatment was administered intravenously however, importantly less cardiotoxicity was displayed from the polymersomal DDS. In this study, expression of a number of survival-relevant genes in tumours treated with the free chemotherapy combination was compared with expression of those genes in tumours treated with the polymersomes harbouring those drugs and the significance of findings is discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The shift in focus from mono to combination chemotherapies has led to an increased interest in the role of drug delivery systems (DDS). Liposomes, although commercialized for mono therapy, have lower loading capacities and stability than their polymeric counterpart, polymersomes. Polymersomes are growing in prevalence as their advantageous properties are better understood and exploited. Here we present a novel polymersome for the encapsulation of three anticancer compounds. This is the first time this particular polymersome has been used to encapsulate these three compounds with both an in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation carried out. This work will be of interest to those in the field of combination therapy, drug delivery, drug toxicity, multidrug resistance, liposomes, DDS and polymersomes.
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Lamar JM, Motilal Nehru V, Weinberg G. Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma as a Model of YAP/TAZ-Driven Cancer: Insights from a Rare Fusion Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070229. [PMID: 29996478 PMCID: PMC6070876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma involving cells with histologic markers that suggest an endothelial origin. Around 90% of EHEs are caused by the fusion of Transcriptional Co-activator with a PDZ-motif (TAZ) with Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (CAMTA1), a central nervous system-specific transcription activator. The 10% of EHEs that lack the TAZ–CAMTA1 fusion instead have a fusion of Yes-associated Protein (YAP) and Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) genes (YAP-TFE3). YAP and TAZ are well-defined downstream effectors in the Hippo pathway that promote cell growth when translocated to the nucleus. The TAZ–CAMTA1 fusion transcript is insensitive to the Hippo inhibitory signals that normally prevent this process and thus constitutively activates the TAZ transcriptome. In EHE, this causes tumors to form in a variety of organs and tissue types, most commonly the liver, lung, and bone. Its clinical course is unpredictable and highly variable. TAZ activation is known to contribute to key aspects of the cancer phenotype, including metastasis and fibrosis, and increased expression of TAZ is thought to be causally related to the progression of many cancers, including breast, lung, and liver. Therefore, understanding TAZ biology and the molecular mechanisms by which it promotes unregulated cell proliferation will yield insights and possibly improved treatments for both EHE as well as much more common cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | | | - Guy Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Ohara Y, Chew SH, Misawa N, Wang S, Somiya D, Nakamura K, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Tsuyuki Y, Jiang L, Yamashita K, Sekido Y, Lipson KE, Toyokuni S. Connective tissue growth factor-specific monoclonal antibody inhibits growth of malignant mesothelioma in an orthotopic mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18494-18509. [PMID: 29719620 PMCID: PMC5915087 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive neoplasm with no particularly effective treatments. We previously reported that overexpression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) promotes mesothelioma growth, thus suggesting it as a novel molecular target. A human monoclonal antibody that antagonizes CTGF (FG-3019, pamrevlumab) attenuates malignant properties of different kinds of human cancers and is currently under clinical trial for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This study reports the effects of FG-3019 on human mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed the effects of FG-3019 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration/invasion, adhesion and anchorage-independent growth in three human mesothelioma cell lines, among which ACC-MESO-4 was most efficiently blocked with FG-3019 and was chosen for in vivo experiments. We also evaluated the coexistent effects of fibroblasts on mesothelioma in vitro, which are also known to produce CTGF in various pathologic situations. Coexistent fibroblasts in transwell systems remarkably promoted the proliferation and migration/invasion of mesothelioma cells. In orthotopic nude mice model, FG-3019 significantly inhibited mesothelioma growth. Histological analyses revealed that FG-3019 not only inhibited the proliferation but also induced apoptosis in both mesothelioma cells and fibroblasts. Our data suggest that FG-3019 antibody therapy could be a novel additional choice for the treatment of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Misawa
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Daiki Somiya
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuyuki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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37
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Zhang W, Dai Y, Hsu P, Wang H, Cheng L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xu Z, Liu S, Chan G, Hu B, Li H, Jablons DM, You L. Targeting YAP in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2663-2676. [PMID: 28470935 PMCID: PMC5661117 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that is resistant to current therapy. The poor prognosis of mesothelioma has been associated with elevated Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of targeting YAP in mesothelioma. First, we comprehensively studied YAP activity in five mesothelioma cell lines (211H, H2052, H290, MS-1 and H2452) and one normal mesothelial cell line (LP9). We found decreased phospho-YAP to YAP protein ratio and consistently increased GTIIC reporter activity in 211H, H2052 and H290 compared to LP9. The same three cell lines (IC50 s < 1 μM) were more sensitive than LP9 (IC50 = 3.5 μM) to the YAP/TEAD inhibitor verteporfin. We also found that verteporfin significantly reduced YAP protein level, mRNA levels of YAP downstream genes and GTIIC reporter activity in the same three cell lines, indicating inhibition of YAP signaling by verteporfin. Verteporfin also impaired invasion and tumoursphere formation ability of H2052 and H290. To validate the effect of specific targeting YAP in mesothelioma cells, we down-regulated YAP by siRNA. We found siYAP significantly decreased YAP transcriptional activity and impaired invasion and tumoursphere formation ability of H2052 and H290. Furthermore, forced overexpression of YAP rescued GTIIC reporter activity and cell viability after siYAP targeting 3'UTR of YAP. Finally, we found concurrent immunohistochemistry staining of ROCK2 and YAP (P < 0.05). Inhibition of ROCK2 decreased GTIIC reporter activity in H2052 and 211H suggesting that Rho/ROCK signaling also contributed to YAP activation in mesothelioma cells. Our results indicate that YAP may be a potential therapeutic target in mesothelioma.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mesothelioma/genetics
- Mesothelioma/metabolism
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Mesothelioma, Malignant
- Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Porphyrins/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- TEA Domain Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Verteporfin
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- rho-Associated Kinases/genetics
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Qian Zhang
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalAffiliated with Capital University of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Yuan Dai
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Ping‐Chih Hsu
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of Thoracic MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou, TaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Hui Wang
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of RespirationThe Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Li Cheng
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of GastroenterologyShanghai General HospitalShang Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Lin Yang
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Yu‐Cheng Wang
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Zhi‐Dong Xu
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Shu Liu
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Geraldine Chan
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalAffiliated with Capital University of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalAffiliated with Capital University of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - David M. Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Liang You
- Thoracic Oncology LaboratoryDepartment of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Kim JH, Shin BC, Park WS, Lee J, Kuh HJ. Antifibrotic effects of pentoxifylline improve the efficacy of gemcitabine in human pancreatic tumor xenografts. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2470-2477. [PMID: 28940685 PMCID: PMC5715266 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the combinatorial effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) in a human pancreatic tumor xenograft model. PTX significantly improved the efficacy of GEM, as shown by a 50% reduction in tumor growth rate at 4 weeks of treatment compared with that in animals given GEM alone. The fluorescent drug doxorubicin (DOX) was used to test whether drug delivery was improved by PTX, contributing to the improved efficacy of GEM. PTX given for 2 weeks prior to giving DOX improved drug distribution by 1.8‐ to 2.2‐fold with no changes in vessel density, suggesting that improvement in drug delivery was not related to the vascular mechanism. Instead, collagen I content in tumor stroma was significantly reduced, as was the expression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin of cancer‐associated fibroblasts and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by PTX pretreatment. Overall, our data demonstrated that increased efficacy of GEM by PTX was associated with improved drug delivery to tumor tissue, which may be attributed to decreased expression of CTGF and subsequent reduction in the stromal collagen matrix in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor. These results support the usefulness of PTX in combination with chemotherapy for targeting drug delivery barriers associated with the stromal matrix, which should be further evaluated for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Shin
- Bio/Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehwi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Duan X, Ji M, Deng F, Sun Z, Lin Z. Effects of connective tissue growth factor on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:37-44. [PMID: 28941713 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts(HPLFs). DESIGN HPLFs were cultured and identified. Then, different concentrations of CTGF (1, 5, 10, 50, 100ng/ml) were added to the HPLF culture. Next, CCK-8 assays, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays, hydroxyproline determination, alizarin red staining methods, Transwell chambers and real-time PCR methods were applied to observe the effects of CTGF on the proliferation, ALP activity, synthesis of collagen, formation of mineralized nodules and migration. We also studied expression of ALP, fiber link protein (FN), integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), osteocalcin (OC), and integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) mRNA by HPLFs. Statistical significance was assumed if P<0.05 or P<0.01. RESULTS The addition of CTGF (1, 5, 10ng/ml) remarkably promoted the proliferation and collagen synthesis of HPLFs compared with controls. CTGF (1, 5, 10, 50ng/ml) improved ALP activity of HPLFs, and at all concentrations, CTGF (1, 5, 10, 50, 100ng/ml) improved the expression of ALP, FN, IBSP and ITGB1 mRNA. In addition, CTGF (1, 5, 10, 50, 100ng/ml) promoted the migration of HPLFs, which was dose-dependent, with maximal promotion in the 10ng/ml group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Thus, in a certain range of concentrations, CTGF can promote the biological effects, including proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis of HPLFs, to promote the differentiation of HPLFs in the process of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Duan
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Ji
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengying Deng
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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40
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TEAD1/4 exerts oncogenic role and is negatively regulated by miR-4269 in gastric tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2017; 36:6518-6530. [PMID: 28759040 PMCID: PMC5702719 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factors are key components of the Hippo–YAP1 signaling pathway, but their functional role and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to comprehensively explore the expression pattern and functional role of TEAD family in gastric carcinogenesis and investigate its regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). The mRNA and protein expression of TEAD family were examined by quantitative reverse transcription–PCR (qRT–PCR) and western blot. Their functional roles were determined by in vitro and in vivo studies. The clinicopathological association of TEAD4 in gastric cancer (GC) was studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. The prediction of miRNAs, which potentially target TEAD1/4, was performed by TargetScan and miRDB. The regulation of TEAD1/4 by miRNAs was confirmed by qRT–PCR, western blot and luciferase assays. TEAD1/4 were overexpressed in GC cell lines and primary GC tissues. Knockdown of TEAD1/4 induced a significant anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo. TEAD1 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-377-3p and miR-4269, while TEAD4 was negatively regulated by miR-1343-3p and miR-4269. Among them, miR-4269 was the most effective inhibitor of TEAD1/4. Ectopic expression of these miRNAs substantiated their tumor-suppressive effects. In primary GC tumors, downregulation of miR-4269 was associated with poor disease-specific survival and showed a negative correlation with TEAD4. TEAD1 and TEAD4 are oncogenic factors, whose aberrant activation are, in part, mediated by the silence of miR-377-3p, miR-1343-3p and miR-4269. For the first time, the nuclear accumulated TEAD4 and downregulated miR-4269 are proposed to serve as novel prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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Connective tissue growth factor promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma through TGF-β1-dependent activation of Smad/ERK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2885. [PMID: 28617438 PMCID: PMC5520906 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Limited benefits and clinical utility of temozolomide (TMZ) for glioblastoma (GB) are frequently compromised by the development of acquired drug resistance. Overcoming TMZ resistance and uncovering the underlying mechanisms are challenges faced during GB chemotherapy. In this study, we reported that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was associated with GB chemoresistance and significantly upregulated in TMZ-treated GB cells. CTGF knockdown promoted TMZ-induced cell apoptosis and enhanced chemosensitivity, whereas its overexpression markedly conferred TMZ resistance in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CTGF promoted TMZ resistance through stem-like properties acquisition and CD44 interference reversed the CTGF-induced TMZ resistance. Mechanistically, further investigation revealed that the TMZ-induced CTGF upregulation was tissue growth factor (TGF-β) dependent, and regulated by TGF-β1 activation through Smad and ERK1/2 signaling. Together, our results suggest a pivotal role of CTGF-mediated TMZ resistance through TGF-β1-dependent activation of Smad/ERK signaling pathways. These data provide us insights for identifying potential targets that are beneficial for overcoming TMZ resistance in GB.
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Rodríguez-Rodero S, Delgado-Álvarez E, Díaz-Naya L, Martín Nieto A, Menéndez Torre E. Epigenetic modulators of thyroid cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:44-56. [PMID: 28440770 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are some well known factors involved in the etiology of thyroid cancer, including iodine deficiency, radiation exposure at early ages, or some genetic changes. However, epigenetic modulators that may contribute to development of these tumors and be helpful to for both their diagnosis and treatment have recently been discovered. The currently known changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in each type of thyroid carcinoma are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado-Álvarez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucía Díaz-Naya
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alicia Martín Nieto
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez Torre
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Xue X, Fan X, Qu Q, Wu G. Bioscreening and expression of a camel anti-CTGF VHH nanobody and its renaturation by a novel dialysis-dilution method. AMB Express 2016; 6:72. [PMID: 27620736 PMCID: PMC5019992 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The variable regions of the camel heavy chain antibody, also known as nanobody is the smallest antibody with antigen-binding efficiency. CTGF is considered important during extracellular matrix deposition which was involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis related diseases. There are several anti-CTGF-C nanobody drugs under developing in pharmacy. In this study, we described the screening of a novel anti-CTGF-C nanobody from the peripheral blood of immunized camel by phage display. The screened nanobody was further expressed and purified from E. coli cells. A sophisticated dialysis–dilution method was designed for the in vitro refolding of the nanobody. The results showed that the expressed nanobody was consisted of 135 amino acid and mainly expressed as inclusion body in E. coli cells. The dialysis–dilution method was very effective and the recovery rate of the renaturation was more than 80 %. The ELISA result suggested the nanobody had been well refolded showing a superior CTGF binding activity to the commercial mouse anti-CTGF-C mAb. In conclusion, the anti-CTGF-C nonobody had been successfully screened by phage display. The dialysis–dilution refolding method was very effective and the recovery rate reached over 80 %.
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Janse van Rensburg HJ, Yang X. The roles of the Hippo pathway in cancer metastasis. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1761-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Simile MM, Latte G, Demartis MI, Brozzetti S, Calvisi DF, Porcu A, Feo CF, Seddaiu MA, Daino L, Berasain C, Tomasi ML, Avila MA, Feo F, Pascale RM. Post-translational deregulation of YAP1 is genetically controlled in rat liver cancer and determines the fate and stem-like behavior of the human disease. Oncotarget 2016; 7:49194-49216. [PMID: 27359056 PMCID: PMC5226501 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that YAP1 is over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we observed higher expression of Yap1/Ctgf axis in dysplastic nodules and HCC chemically-induced in F344 rats, genetically susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis, than in lesions induced in resistant BN rats. In BN rats, highest increase in Yap1-tyr357, p73 phosphorylation and Caspase 3 cleavage occurred. In human HCCs with poorer prognosis (< 3 years survival after partial liver resection, HCCP), levels of YAP1, CTGF, 14-3-3, and TEAD proteins, and YAP1-14-3-3 and YAP1-TEAD complexes were higher than in HCCs with better outcome (> 3 years survival; HCCB). In the latter, higher levels of phosphorylated YAP1-ser127, YAP1-tyr357 and p73, YAP1 ubiquitination, and Caspase 3 cleavage occurred. Expression of stemness markers NANOG, OCT-3/4, and CD133 were highest in HCCP and correlated with YAP1 and YAP1-TEAD levels. In HepG2, Huh7, and Hep3B cells, forced YAP1 over-expression led to stem cell markers expression and increased cell viability, whereas inhibition of YAP1 expression by specific siRNA, or transfection of mutant YAP1 which does not bind to TEAD, induced opposite alterations. These changes were associated, in Huh7 cells transfected with YAP1 or YAP1 siRNA, with stimulation or inhibition of cell migration and invasivity, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed that YAP1 transfection in Huh7 cells induces over-expression of genes involved in tumor stemness. In conclusion, Yap1 post-translational modifications favoring its ubiquitination and apoptosis characterize HCC with better prognosis, whereas conditions favoring the formation of YAP1-TEAD complexes are associated with aggressiveness and acquisition of stemness features by HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Simile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gavinella Latte
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria I. Demartis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Brozzetti
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, University of Rome ‘Sapienza’', Rome, Italy
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Porcu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio F. Feo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria A. Seddaiu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lucia Daino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Division of Hepatology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria L. Tomasi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matias A. Avila
- Division of Hepatology, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francesco Feo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosa M. Pascale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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46
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Guo Y, Pan Q, Zhang J, Xu X, Liu X, Wang Q, Yi R, Xie X, Yao L, Liu W, Shen L. Functional and clinical evidence that TAZ is a candidate oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2465-75. [PMID: 25650113 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) has been reported to be associated with carcinogenesis. However, the cellular function of TAZ in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. In this study, an immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the expression of TAZ in cancer tissue samples from 180 HCC patients was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. In addition, TAZ overexpression was significantly correlated with aggressive tumor characteristics such as tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node or distant metastasis, histological differentiation, and recurrent HCC (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier test showed that TAZ-positive expression was related to a poor prognosis compared to TAZ-negative expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of TAZ was generally correlated with the invasiveness of cancer cells. The overexpression of TAZ in the Huh7 cell line, which endogenously expresses TAZ at low levels, significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibited apoptosis, whereas RNA interference-mediated knockdown of TAZ in the highly invasive cell line MHCC-97H significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.,Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qiao Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Experiment Teaching Center, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiping Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qinhao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ru Yi
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiaobo Xie
- Department of Disease Surveillance And Control, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Military District, Guangzhou, 510507, China
| | - Libo Yao
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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47
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Riwaldt S, Bauer J, Wehland M, Slumstrup L, Kopp S, Warnke E, Dittrich A, Magnusson NE, Pietsch J, Corydon TJ, Infanger M, Grimm D. Pathways Regulating Spheroid Formation of Human Follicular Thyroid Cancer Cells under Simulated Microgravity Conditions: A Genetic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:528. [PMID: 27070589 PMCID: PMC4848984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity induces three-dimensional (3D) growth in numerous cell types. Despite substantial efforts to clarify the underlying mechanisms for spheroid formation, the precise molecular pathways are still not known. The principal aim of this paper is to compare static 1g-control cells with spheroid forming (MCS) and spheroid non-forming (AD) thyroid cancer cells cultured in the same flask under simulated microgravity conditions. We investigated the morphology and gene expression patterns in human follicular thyroid cancer cells (UCLA RO82-W-1 cell line) after a 24 h-exposure on the Random Positioning Machine (RPM) and focused on 3D growth signaling processes. After 24 h, spheroid formation was observed in RPM-cultures together with alterations in the F-actin cytoskeleton. qPCR indicated more changes in gene expression in MCS than in AD cells. Of the 24 genes analyzed VEGFA, VEGFD, MSN, and MMP3 were upregulated in MCS compared to 1g-controls, whereas ACTB, ACTA2, KRT8, TUBB, EZR, RDX, PRKCA, CAV1, MMP9, PAI1, CTGF, MCP1 were downregulated. A pathway analysis revealed that the upregulated genes code for proteins, which promote 3D growth (angiogenesis) and prevent excessive accumulation of extracellular proteins, while genes coding for structural proteins are downregulated. Pathways regulating the strength/rigidity of cytoskeletal proteins, the amount of extracellular proteins, and 3D growth may be involved in MCS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Riwaldt
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Clinic, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Markus Wehland
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Clinic, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Lasse Slumstrup
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Clinic, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Warnke
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Clinic, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Anita Dittrich
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Nils E Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jessica Pietsch
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Clinic, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Clinic, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Clinic, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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48
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Wang M, Liu Y, Zou J, Yang R, Xuan F, Wang Y, Gao N, Cui H. Transcriptional co-activator TAZ sustains proliferation and tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma by targeting CTGF and PDGF-β. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9517-30. [PMID: 25940705 PMCID: PMC4496235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common childhood malignant tumor originated from the neural crest-derived sympathetic nervous system. A crucial event in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma is to promote proliferation of neuroblasts, which is closely related to poor survival. However, mechanisms for regulation of cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in neuroblastoma are not well understood. Here, we report that overexpression of TAZ in neuroblastoma BE(2)-C cells causes increases in cell proliferation, self renewal and colony formation, which was restored back to its original levels by knockdown of TAZ in TAZ-overexpression cells. Inhibition of endogenous TAZ attenuated cell proliferation, colony formation and tumor development in neuroblastoma SK-N-AS cell, which could be rescued by re-introduction of TAZ into TAZ-knockdown cells. In addition, we found that overexpressing TAZ-mediated induction of CTGF and PDGF-β expression, cell proliferation and colony formation were inhibited by knocking down CTGF and PDGF-β with siRNA in TAZ-overexpressing cell. Overall, our findings suggested that TAZ plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma cells. Thus, TAZ seems to be a novel and promising target for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiration, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Cardiovascular Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiahua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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49
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Zhou Y, Huang T, Cheng ASL, Yu J, Kang W, To KF. The TEAD Family and Its Oncogenic Role in Promoting Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010138. [PMID: 26805820 PMCID: PMC4730377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The TEAD family of transcription factors is necessary for developmental processes. The family members contain a TEA domain for the binding with DNA elements and a transactivation domain for the interaction with transcription coactivators. TEAD proteins are required for the participation of coactivators to transmit the signal of pathways for the downstream signaling processes. TEADs also play an important role in tumor initiation and facilitate cancer progression via activating a series of progression-inducing genes, such as CTGF, Cyr61, Myc and Gli2. Recent studies have highlighted that TEADs, together with their coactivators, promote or even act as the crucial parts in the development of various malignancies, such as liver, ovarian, breast and prostate cancers. Furthermore, TEADs are proposed to be useful prognostic biomarkers due to the ideal correlation between high expression and clinicopathological parameters in gastric, breast, ovarian and prostate cancers. In this review, we summarize the functional role of TEAD proteins in tumorigenesis and discuss the key role of TEAD transcription factors in the linking of signal cascade transductions. Improved knowledge of the TEAD proteins will be helpful for deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and identifying ideal predictive or prognostic biomarkers, even providing clinical translation for anticancer therapy in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Alfred S L Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Partner State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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50
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You B, Yang YL, Xu Z, Dai Y, Liu S, Mao JH, Tetsu O, Li H, Jablons DM, You L. Inhibition of ERK1/2 down-regulates the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway in human NSCLC cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4357-68. [PMID: 25738359 PMCID: PMC4414195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the EGFR/ERK and Hippo/YAP pathway have been found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we show that ERK1 and ERK2 have an effect on the Hippo/YAP pathway in human NSCLC cells. Firstly, inhibition of ERK1/2 by siRNA or small-molecular inhibitors decreased the YAP protein level, the reporter activity of the Hippo pathway, and the mRNA levels of the Hippo downstream genes, CTGF, Gli2, and BIRC5. Secondly, degradation of YAP protein was accelerated after ERK1/2 depletion in NSCLC cell lines, in which YAP mRNA level was not decreased. Thirdly, forced over-expression of the ERK2 gene rescued the YAP protein level and Hippo reporter activity after siRNA knockdown targeting 3′UTR of the ERK2 gene in NSCLC cells. Fourthly, depletion of ERK1/2 reduced the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Combined depletion of ERK1/2 had a greater effect on cell migration than depletion of either one separately. Finally, the MEK1/2 inhibitor Trametinib decreased YAP protein level and transcriptional activity of the Hippo pathway in NSCLC cell lines. Our results suggest that ERK1/2 inhibition participates in reducing YAP protein level, which in turn down-regulates expression of the downstream genes of the Hippo pathway to suppress migration and invasion of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin You
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Affiliated with Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuyuan Dai
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Osamu Tetsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Affiliated with Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - David M Jablons
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liang You
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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