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Cui D, Chen Y, Ye B, Guo W, Wang D, He J. Natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155101. [PMID: 37778246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most common diseases in older adults worldwide. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and are accompanied by cerebral cortical atrophy, neuronal loss, protein accumulation, and excessive accumulation of metal ions. Natural products exhibit outstanding performance in improving cerebral circulatory disorders, promoting cerebral haematoma absorption, repairing damaged nerve tissue, and improving damaged nerve function. In recent years, studies have shown that neuroinflammatory mechanisms and signalling pathways closely related to the occurrence and development of neurological diseases include microglial activation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, reactive oxygen pathway, nucleotide binding oligomerisation domain-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, and intestinal flora. Therefore, this study considered the mechanism of neurological diseases as the starting point to review the mechanism of action of natural products in the prevention and treatment of AD and PD in recent years to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment. AIM Natural products are a promising source of novel lead structures that have long been used to treat various nervous system diseases. METHODOLOGY This review collected literature on neurological diseases and natural products from 2012 to 2022, which were mainly searched through databases such as ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, SciFinder, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Google Scholar, and Baidu Academic. The following keywords were searched: neurological disorders, natural products, signalling pathway, mechanism of action. RESULTS This review summarises the pathogenesis of degenerative neurological diseases, recent findings on natural products used in neurodegenerative diseases, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Cui
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850002, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HSC 4N71, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Sun T, Sun J, Liu Y, Ren Y, Li Y, Shi C, Nasr A, Tang Z, Abozeid A. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of medicinal component content in the roots of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms through foliar application of zinc fertilizer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1259674. [PMID: 38046048 PMCID: PMC10690782 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1259674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms is a perennial shrub of the Acanthopanax genus in the Araliaceae family and has a high medicinal value. The application of zinc fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of medicinal materials. However, there are limited reports on approaches to increase the content of medicinal components in A. senticosus, hindering the improvement of its medicinal quality. In this study, A. senticosus was treated with 0.1% (LZn) and 0.4% (HZn) zinc sprayed on the leaf surface. The effects of zinc treatment on the medicinal components in the roots of A. senticosus were analyzed by comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses. A total of 316 metabolites were detected, with a prevailing occurrence of terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. We identified metabolites related to the medicinal components that were upregulated after Zn treatment, including 43 terpenoids, 19 phenylpropanoids, eight phenols, and three flavonoids. Combining differential gene expression and K-means analysis, we found 95, 65, and 25 upregulated genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis, respectively. Under different concentrations of Zn treatment, the upregulated metabolite biosynthesis-related genes and differentially expressed transcription factors varied. Pearson correlation network analysis revealed significant correlations among terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids biosynthetic genes, and several transcription factors (ERFs, WRKYs, bHLHs, NACs, and MYBs). This study lays the foundation for understanding the metabolic processes in response to varying levels of zinc foliar spray and provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the efficiency of zinc fertilizer utilization in A. senticosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongze Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Biological Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin, China
| | - Yuli Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun Ren
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Alyaa Nasr
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
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Shen Z, Huang D, Jia N, Zhao S, Pei C, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Shi S, Wang F, He Y, Wang Z. Protective effects of Eleutheroside E against high-altitude pulmonary edema by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115607. [PMID: 37776644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleutheroside E (EE) is a primary active component of Acanthopanax senticosus, which has been reported to inhibit the expression of inflammatory genes, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a severe complication of high-altitude exposure occurring after ascent above 2500 m. However, effective and safe preventative measures for HAPE still need to be improved. This study aimed to elucidate the preventative potential and underlying mechanism of EE in HAPE. Rat models of HAPE were established through hypobaric hypoxia. Mechanistically, hypobaric hypoxia aggravates oxidative stress and upregulates (pro)-inflammatory cytokines, activating NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, eventually leading to HAPE. EE suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-Β (NF-κB), thereby protecting the lung from HAPE. However, nigericin (Nig), an NLRP3 activator, partially abolished the protective effects of EE. These findings suggest EE is a promising agent for preventing HAPE induced by NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Shen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Demei Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Sijing Zhao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yongcan Wu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Shihua Shi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Yacong He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Liao B, Luo Z, Wan S, Chen L. Insight into the anti-corrosion performance of Acanthopanax senticosus leaf extract as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic medium. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liu M, Gao X, Shan S, Li Y, Wang J, Lu W. Eleutheroside E reduces intestinal fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans through neuroendocrine signals. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5219-5228. [PMID: 35297055 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthopanax senticosus, a small woody shrub of the family Araliaceae, can be used as a functional food with multiple biological activities. Eleutheroside E (EE), an important active component of A. senticosus, has significant effects on neurological diseases. However, whether EE can regulate lipid metabolism has not been reported. The brain can mediate communication between neurons and intestinal cells through long-distance neuroendocrine signals. We speculated that EE might regulate the intestinal lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans through neuroendocrine signals. RESULTS First, we found that EE reduced the intestinal fat content of C. elegans, without affecting development, reproduction, food intake or movement. In addition, EE significantly regulated genes and metabolites related to lipid metabolism. EE extensively affected fatty acid synthesis, β-oxidation and lipolysis processes, and regulated the content of various fatty acid and lipid metabolism intermediates. We finally proved that EE reduced intestinal fat storage through serotonin and neuropeptide flp-7-npr-22 pathways in the nervous system. CONCLUSION EE is expected to be a functional food that regulates lipid metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Liu
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Astronaut Health Center, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Astronaut Health Center, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Li XT, Zhou JC, Zhou Y, Ren YS, Huang YH, Wang SM, Tan L, Yang ZY, Ge YW. Pharmacological effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus on the neurological disorders. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3490-3504. [PMID: 35844057 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine and edible remedies with effects on anti-fatigue, sleep improvement, and memory enhancement. Recently, the application of E. senticosus to neurological disorders has been a focus. However, its overall pharmacological effect on neural diseases and relevant mechanisms are needed in an in-depth summary. In this review, the traditional uses and the therapeutic effect of E. senticosus on the treatment of fatigue, depression, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia were summarized. In addition, the underlying mechanisms involved in the anti-oxidative damage, anti-inflammation, neurotransmitter modulation, improvement of neuronal growth, and anti-apoptosis were discussed. This review will accelerate the understanding of the neuroprotective effects brought from the E. senticosus, and impetus its development as a phytotherapy agent against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Tao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Chun Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Shan Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hong Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Institute of Nutrition and Marine Drugs, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue-Wei Ge
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Z, Gao W, Xu Y. Eleutheroside E alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (Htr2c)-dependent manner in rats. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11718-11731. [PMID: 35502892 PMCID: PMC9275941 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the central disorder underlined by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Eleutheroside E (EE) is administered as the shield in some ischemia tissues with anti-inflammatory action. However, whether EE defends I/R-induced damage in the brain remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that EE significantly alleviated the cerebral I/R injury and reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron cells in rats. During the anti-apoptosis process, EE significantly upregulated the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (Htr2c) gene. Silencing Htr2c expression dramatically weakened the protective effect of EE on I/R-induced apoptosis of rat hippocampal neuron. EE-regulated Htr2c also remarkably inhibited the expression of caspase-3, −6 and −7, thereby suggesting a plausible anti-apoptosis mechanism associated with Htr2c/caspase axis. These findings elicit the potentially clinical strategy that targets Htr2c to improve outcome of ischemia brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department Of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Department Of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanqin Xu
- Department Of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
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Chen C, Yu LT, Cheng BR, Xu JL, Cai Y, Jin JL, Feng RL, Xie L, Qu XY, Li D, Liu J, Li Y, Cui XY, Lu JJ, Zhou K, Lin Q, Wan J. Promising Therapeutic Candidate for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: What Are the Possible Mechanisms and Roles of Phytochemicals? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792592. [PMID: 35252368 PMCID: PMC8893235 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing one of the causes of most cardiomyocyte injuries and deaths. The pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury include apoptosis, autophagy, and irreversible cell death caused by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Eventually, myocardial I/R injury causes a spike of further cardiomyocyte injury that contributes to final infarct size (IS) and bound with hospitalization of heart failure as well as all-cause mortality within the following 12 months. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant intervention to improve myocardial salvage and cardiac function calls for further investigation. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in Chinese herbal medicine. Great effort has been put into phytochemicals because they are often in line with the expectations to improve myocardial I/R injury without compromising the clinical efficacy or to even produce synergy. We summarized the previous efforts, briefly outlined the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury, and focused on exploring the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of all phytochemical types that have been investigated under myocardial I/R injury. Phytochemicals deserve to be utilized as promising therapeutic candidates for further development and research on combating myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ru Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Lin
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Jie Wan
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Yang D, Li J, Liang C, Tian L, Shi C, Hui N, Liu Y, Ling M, Xin L, Wan M, Li H, Zhao Q, Ren X, Liu H, Cao W. Syringa microphylla Diels: A comprehensive review of its phytochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics and an investigation into its potential health benefits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153770. [PMID: 34678528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringa microphylla Diels is a plant in the family Syringa Linn. For hundreds of years, its flowers and leaves have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough, inflammation, colds, sore throat, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, early liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, and oesophageal cancer. PURPOSE For the first time, we have comprehensively reviewed information on Syringa microphylla Diels that is not included in the Pharmacopoeia, clarified the pharmacological mechanisms of Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients from a molecular biology perspective, compiled in vivo and in vitro animal experimental data and clinical data, and summarized the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of Syringa microphylla Diels. The progress in toxicology research is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs from Syringa microphylla Diels, a natural source of compounds that are potentially beneficial to human health. METHODS The PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, SciFinder Scholar and Thomson Reuters databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive search of published literature as of July 2021 to find original literature related to Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients. RESULTS To date, 72 compounds have been isolated and identified from Syringa microphylla Diels, and oleuropein, verbascoside, isoacteoside, echinacoside, forsythoside B, and eleutheroside B are the main active components. These compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, and their safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated in long-term traditional applications. Molecular pharmacology experiments have indicated that the active ingredients of Syringa microphylla Diels exert their pharmacological effects in various ways, primarily by reducing oxidative stress damage via Nrf2/ARE pathway regulation, regulating inflammatory factors and inducing apoptosis through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review of Syringa microphylla Diels provides new insights into the correlations among molecular mechanisms, the importance of toxicology and pharmacokinetics, and potential ways to address the limitations of current research. As Syringa microphylla Diels is a natural low-toxicity botanical medicine, it is worthy of development and utilization and is an excellent choice for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chunyang Shi
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Mei Ling
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Liang Xin
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Minge Wan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Business & Commerce, Xi'an 712046, PR China
| | - Han Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China.
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
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10
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Quality evaluation of Acanthopanax senticosus via quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker and multivariate data analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 201:114090. [PMID: 33933704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive method for the evaluation of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) was established by the quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker (QAMS), fingerprint, similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and factor analysis (FA) based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 27 common peaks were identified in the standard fingerprint of 20 batches of AS from different regions in China, of which 8 peaks were identified as protocatechuic acid, syringin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, eleutheroside E, hyperoside, isofrqxidin, and acacetin, and the concentrations of these eight components were determined simultaneously by QAMS. The results showed that the QAMS method was effective and feasible compared with the external standard method (ESM) (RD < 3.3 %, P ≤ 0.01). Sample 1 (S1) was used as the reference chromatogram, the similarity of other samples was between 0.765 and 0.968. Through HCA, AS could be mainly divided into two production areas, the north Liaoning (including Liaoning) and the south Liaoning areas. Furthermore, FA showed that the quality of AS in the north Liaoning area was better than that in the south Liaoning area. In summary, the method established in this study can comprehensively and systematically evaluate quality differences in AS samples, and may be used to help to improve the quality control of AS.
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Lin B, Chen R, Wang Q, Li Z, Yang S, Feng Y. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Protective Effect of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms Combined With Gastrodia elata Blume on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:619076. [PMID: 33935709 PMCID: PMC8085551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.619076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of current treatment strategies used in ischemic stroke are weakened by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury. Suitable treatment regimens targeting CIR injury are still lacking. Two herbs, namely, Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms (ASE) and Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), have been used as traditional Chinese medicine and are indicated in the treatment of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases. However, there are no studies that report the effects of ASE combined with GEB in the treatment of CIR injury. In this study, we used the Zea Longa method to induce CIR injury in male Wistar rats. Results of the pharmacodynamic studies revealed that co-administration of ASE and GEB may improve neuronal injury and prevent neuronal apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and also help prevent CIR injury. On the basis of our hypothesis, we combined the results from transcriptomic and metabonomic analyses and found that ASE and GEB could prevent CIR injury by targeting phenylalanine, pyrimidine, methionine, and sphingolipid metabolism. Therefore, our study provides the basis for the compatibility and efficacy of ASE and GEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Lin
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Renhao Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Nanchang Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - ShiLin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - YuLin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
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12
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Jia A, Zhang Y, Gao H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, Deng B, Qiu Z, Fu C. A review of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr and Maxim.) harms: From ethnopharmacological use to modern application. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113586. [PMID: 33212178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthopanax senticosus (AS), previously classified as Eleutherococcus senticosus, is one of the most commonly used herbs in the Chinese materia medica. However, there is currently no comprehensive review summarising advances in AS research. AS has been used as a functional food and in various preparations since ancient times, to invigorate the liver and kidneys, replenish vitality, strengthen the bones, stimulate appetite, and improve memory. It is widely used in countries such as China, Korea, Japan, and Russia, for specific pharmacologic effects, although it contains various chemical components that ensure its broad-spectrum effect. Its chemical constituents mainly include glycosides and flavonoids. Over the past several decades, researchers worldwide have conducted systematic investigations on this herb. AS has positive pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular, central nervous, and immune systems. Representative pathways stimulated by AS are related to neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, cancer, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B signalling. Importantly, AS is safe and exerts no significant adverse effects at normal doses. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide comprehensive insights into the ethnobotany, medicinal uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and toxicology of AS to aid its future development and utilisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about AS was collected from various sources, including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine and scientific databases including scientific journals, books, and pharmacopoeia. We discuss the ethnopharmacology of AS from 1965 to 2020 and summarise the knowledge of AS phytochemicals, pharmacological activity, quality control, and toxicology. CONCLUSIONS From the current literature, we conclude that AS is a promising dietary Chinese herb with various potential applications owing to its multiple therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Jia
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; Pharmacy College of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Pharmacy College of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Pharmacy College of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Bin Deng
- Chengdu Di Ao Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- Pharmacy College of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, PR China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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13
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Wang W, Wang B. Isofraxidin Inhibits Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Isolated from Sprague-Dawley Rats by Regulating NF-κB/NFATc1 and Akt/NFATc1 Signaling Pathways. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689721990321. [PMID: 33573387 PMCID: PMC7883151 DOI: 10.1177/0963689721990321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that is characterized by decreased bone mass and fragility fractures. Isofraxidin is a hydroxy coumarin with several biological and pharmacological activities including an anti-osteoarthritis effect. However, the role of isofraxidin in osteoporosis has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we used receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to induce osteoclast formation in primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Our results showed that RANKL treatment significantly increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, as well as the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related markers including MMP-9, c-Src, and cathepsin K at both mRNA and protein levels; however, these effects were inhibited by isofraxidin in BMMs. In addition, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that isofraxidin treatment suppressed the RANKL-induced an increase in nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) transcriptional activity. Besides, the decreased expression level of IκBα and increased levels of p-p65, p-IκBα, and p-Akt in RANKL-induced BMMs were attenuated by isofraxidin. Moreover, NFATc1 overexpression rescued the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of isofraxidin with increased expression levels of MMP-9, c-Src, and cathepsin K. Taken together, these findings indicated that isofraxidin inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in BMMs via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/NFATc1 and Akt/NFATc1 signaling pathways. Thus, isofraxidin might be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Eleutheroside B, a selective late sodium current inhibitor, suppresses atrial fibrillation induced by sea anemone toxin II in rabbit hearts. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:209-217. [PMID: 32612277 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleutheroside B (EB) is the main active constituent derived from the Chinese herb Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) that has been reported to possess cardioprotective effects. In this study we investigated the effects of EB on cardiac electrophysiology and its suppression on atrial fibrillation (AF). Whole-cell recording was conducted in isolated rabbit atrial myocytes. The intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) concentration was measured using calcium indicator Fura-2/AM fluorescence. Monophasic action potential (MAP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronous recordings were conducted in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts using ECG signal sampling and analysis system. We showed that EB dose-dependently inhibited late sodium current (INaL), transient sodium current (INaT), and sea anemone toxin II (ATX II)-increased INaL with IC50 values of 167, 1582, and 181 μM, respectively. On the other hand, EB (800 μM) did not affect L-type calcium current (ICaL), inward rectifier potassium channel current (IK), and action potential duration (APD). Furthermore, EB (300 μM) markedly decreased ATX II-prolonged the APD at 90% repolarization (APD90) and eliminated ATX II-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs), delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), and triggered activities (TAs). Moreover, EB (200 μM) significantly suppressed ATX II-induced Na+-dependent [Ca2+]i overload in atrial myocytes. In the Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, application of EB (200 μM) or TTX (2 μM) substantially decreased ATX II-induced incidences of atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and heart death. These results suggest that augmented INaL alone is sufficient to induce AF, and EB exerts anti-AF actions mainly via blocking INaL, which put forward the basis of pharmacology for new clinical application of EB.
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15
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Alkahtane AA, Alghamdi HA, Almutairi B, Khan MM, Hasnain MS, Abdel-Daim MM, Alghamdi WM, Alkahtani S. Inhibition of human amylin aggregation by Flavonoid Chrysin: An in-silico and in-vitro approach. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:199-206. [PMID: 33390788 PMCID: PMC7738956 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin), consecrated by the pancreatic β-cells with insulin, has a significant role to play in maintaining homeostasis of islet cell hormones. Alzheimer's disease is the predominant source of dementia. However, its etiology remains uncertain; it appears that type 2 diabetes mellitus and other prediabetic states of insulin resistance contribute to the intermittent Alzheimer's disease presence. Amylin is abnormally elevated in Type II diabetes patients, accumulated into amylin aggregates, and ultimately causes apoptosis of the β-cells, and till date, its mechanism remains unclear. Several flavonoids have inhibitory effects on amylin amyloidosis, but its inhibition mechanisms are unknown. Screening a collection of traditional compounds revealed the flavone Chrysin, a potential lead compound. Chrysin inhibits amyloid aggregate formation according to Thioflavin T binding, turbidimetry assay. We report results of molecular interaction analysis of Chrysin with amylin which shows potent binding affinity against amylin. Pharmacokinetics and Drug likeness studies of Chrysin also suggest that it is a potential lead compound. Therefore, Chrysin prevented amylin aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alkahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah A Alghamdi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Muazzam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, NH-24, Rajabpur, Gajraula, Amroha - 244236, U.P., India
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Wadha M Alghamdi
- Medical Services at the Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Majnooni MB, Fakhri S, Shokoohinia Y, Mojarrab M, Kazemi-Afrakoti S, Farzaei MH. Isofraxidin: Synthesis, Biosynthesis, Isolation, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E2040. [PMID: 32349420 PMCID: PMC7248759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isofraxidin (7-hydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy coumarin) (IF) is a hydroxy coumarin with several biological and pharmacological activities. The plant kingdom is of the most prominent sources of IF, which, among them, Eleutherococcus and Fraxinus are the well-known genera in which IF could be isolated/extracted from their species. Considering the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind some diseases (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and heart diseases), introducing IF as a potent multi-target agent, which possesses several herbal sources and the multiple methods for isolation/purification/synthesis, along with the unique pharmacokinetic profile and low levels of side effects, could be of great importance. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was done without time limitations until February 2020. IF extraction methods include microwave, mechanochemical, and ultrasound, along with other conventional methods in the presence of semi-polar solvents such as ethyl acetate (EtOAc). In addition to the isolation methods, related synthesis protocols of IF is also of great importance. From the synthesis point of view, benzaldehyde derivatives are widely used as precursors for IF synthesis. Along with the methods of isolation and biosynthesis, IF pharmacokinetic studies showed hopeful in vivo results of its rapid absorption after oral uses, leading to different pharmacological effects. In this regard, IF targets varieties of inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). thereby indicating anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. This is the first review on the synthesis, biosynthesis, isolation, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of IF in combating different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Majnooni
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran; (M.B.M.); (S.K.-A.)
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
- Ric Scalzo Botanical Research Institute, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Mahdi Mojarrab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara Kazemi-Afrakoti
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran; (M.B.M.); (S.K.-A.)
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (Y.S.); (M.M.)
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17
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Wang S, Yang X. Eleutheroside E decreases oxidative stress and NF-κB activation and reprograms the metabolic response against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106513. [PMID: 32330867 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes cardiac dysfunction through several mechanisms including oxidative stress and pro-inflammation. Eleutheroside E (EE) has protective effects in ischemia tissue and anti-inflammatory action. However, the effect of EE on I/R-injured cardiomyocytes is unknown. In this study, we used in vitro H9c2 cell model to investigate the favorable role of EE on myocardial I/R injury. We found that EE administration attenuated the cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Further, pre-treatment with EE dramatically inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress, IκBα phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 translocation into nuclei. EE might suppress the MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit the H/R-induced NF-κB activation. Moreover, we had analyzed the metabolomic profile of H/R-injured and H/R + 100 EE-treated H9c2 cells and found that the abundance of most metabolites changed by H/R could be re-modulated by EE treatment. Pathway analysis highlighted the inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis and alternation of arginine and proline metabolism as two potential links to the favorable effect of EE on H/R-injured cardiomyocytes. The further demonstration showed that nitric oxide (NO), a product that is solely catabolized by l-arginine and has profound anti-oxidative stress activity during H/R in cardiomyocytes, was augmented by EE. Altogether, our results provide evidence that EE may be a potential drug for myocardial I/R injury by reducing oxidative stress, NF-κB activation, and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyue Wang
- Department Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xuming Yang
- Department Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
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18
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Osathanunkul M, Madesis P. Bar-HRM: a reliable and fast method for species identification of ginseng ( Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Talinum paniculatum and Phytolacca Americana). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7660. [PMID: 31579587 PMCID: PMC6765363 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean ginseng has long been famous and is one of the most well known forms of ginseng. The root of plants in the genus Panax is commonly recognized as ginseng. Different Panax species of ginseng root have been used as treatments. Although many other herbs are called ginseng, they do not contain the active compounds of ginsenosides. In Thailand, we have Thai ginseng which is of course not one of Panax species. Thai ginseng is the root from Talinum paniculatum and, due to its morphological root similarity, it is almost impossible to differentiate between them. Also, another plant species, Phytollacca americana, has significantly similar root morphology to real ginseng but its seeds and root are poisonous. Misunderstanding what true ginseng is compared to others could endanger lives and cause financial loss by buying inferior products. Methods DNA barcoding combination with High Resolution Melting (called Bar-HRM) was used for species discrimination of the Panax ginseng and others. Five regions included ITS2, matK, psbA-trnH and rbcL were evaluated in the analyses. Results The ITS2 region was found to be the most suitable primers for the analysis. The melting profile from the HRM analyses using the chosen ITS2 primers showed that Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) could be discriminated from other Penax species. Also, other ginseng species with morphological similarity could be easily distinguished from the true ginseng. The developed Bar-HRM method poses a great potential in ginseng species discrimination and thus could be also useful in ginseng authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maslin Osathanunkul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
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19
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Lau KM, Yue GGL, Chan YY, Kwok HF, Gao S, Wong CW, Lau CBS. A review on the immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticosus and its active components. Chin Med 2019; 14:25. [PMID: 31388349 PMCID: PMC6670126 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis, the dried root and rhizome or stem of Acanthopanax senticosus, is commonly known as Siberian ginseng or Ciwujia in Chinese. It is used all over the world as an adaptogen to enhance physical and mental performance for the sake of normal physiological functioning of human bodies under stress. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Ciwujia can strengthen the spleen that is an essential organ for immunological response. Its traditional applications include inflammation, fatigue and cancer in which the immune-regulating function is always involved. In this article, the immunomodulatory activities of Ciwujia extracts, fractions and pure compounds were extensively reviewed first. Then, the possibility of upgrading the chemical markers to bioactive markers was explored. Finally, the potency of aqueous extract and ethanol extract in regulating cytokines production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was compared. We conclude that although various phytochemicals such as isofraxidin, syringin and eleutheroside E from Ciwujia have been shown to modulate immunological functions, the aqueous extract of Ciwujia as a whole possesses the most potent efficacy. Therefore, aqueous (rather than ethanol) extract of Ciwujia should be used in order to benefit from its immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Man Lau
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Yuk-Yu Chan
- 3Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Hin-Fai Kwok
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Si Gao
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Wai Wong
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- 1Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong.,2State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong.,3Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong
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20
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Buathong R, Chamchumroon V, Schinnerl J, Bacher M, Santimaleeworagun W, Kraichak E, Vajrodaya S. Chemovariation and antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated compounds from species of Ixora and Greenea (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6893. [PMID: 31119085 PMCID: PMC6510216 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of secondary metabolites can be obtained from plants used for traditional medicine in two related genera (Ixora and Greenea) in the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae), but there are only a few detailed studies on their bioactivities. Therefore, the main goals of this study were to determine the antibacterial activities of lipophilic extracts from plants of some Ixora and Greenea species native to Thailand, and to isolate some pure compounds from those extracts. Moreover, we compared the occurrence of compounds in different plant parts of samples from different habitats to better understand their variation. Methods A total of 56 lipophilic extracts were obtained from the leaves, stem bark, and root bark of eight Ixora and two Greenea species collected at various locations in Thailand. Isolated compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against four Gram-positive and nine Gram-negative human pathogenic bacterial strains. Results Extracts from I. javanica, I. nigricans, I. brunonis, and G. montana, along with isolated scopoletin, exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 64 to 256 µg/mL. The occurrence of scopoletin, isofraxidin, and geniposidic acid in lipophilic extracts showed some variation among different plant parts and species. Conclusions Lipophilic extracts of Ixora and Greenea species have the potential to be developed as anti-Gram-positive agents, in particular to counter infections of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The chemical profiles showed differences between floristic regions but similarity within the same plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveevatoo Buathong
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Voradol Chamchumroon
- The Forest Herbarium, National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Chemodiversity Research Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Wichai Santimaleeworagun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Phathom, Thailand.,Novel Antibiotic Compound Project by Pharmaceutical Initiative for Resistant Bacteria and Infectious Diseases Working Group (PIRBIG), Silpakorn University, Nakhon Phathom, Thailand
| | - Ekaphan Kraichak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srunya Vajrodaya
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Tohda C. New Age Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease by Neuronal Network Reconstruction. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1569-1575. [PMID: 27725432 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a recognized incurable neurodegenerative disorder. Clinically prescribed medicines for AD are expected to bring about only slight symptomatic improvement or a delay of its progression. Another strategy, amyloid β (Aβ) lowing agents, has not been successful at memory improvement. We have hypothesized that an improvement in cognitive function requires the construction of neuronal networks, including neurite regeneration and synapse formation; therefore, we have been exploring candidates for radical anti-AD drugs that can restore Aβ-induced neurite atrophy and memory impairment. Our studies found several promising drug candidates that may improve memory dysfunction in AD model mice. The main activity of these drugs is the restoration of damaged axons. Focusing on candidates based on the recovery of neurite atrophy in vitro certainly leads to positive effects on memory improvement also in vivo. This suggests that neuronal network reconstruction may importantly relate to functional recovery in the brain. When identifying the signaling mechanisms of exogenous compounds like natural medicine-derived constituents, molecules directly activated by the compound are hard to be identified. However, the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) analysis may pave the way to an approach to determine the initial molecule of the signaling pathway. Exploring new drug candidates and clarifying their signaling pathways directly relating to neuronal network reconstruction may provide promising therapeutic strategies with which to overcome AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
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Meng F, Li Y, He G, Ge G, Liu S. Identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms involved in the isofraxidin glucuronidation and assessment of the species differences of the reaction. Fitoterapia 2016; 117:118-125. [PMID: 27915055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Isofraxidin, 7-Hydroxy-6.8-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, is a major active component of Acanthopanax senticosus, which has been used as Acanthopanax (Ciwujia) injection to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China for more than thirty years. The purpose of this study was to identify the roles of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in isofraxidin glucuronidation in the liver and intestinal microsomes and to reveal the potential species differences by comparing the liver microsomal glucuronidation from different experimental animals. One metabolite was biosynthesized and characterized as isofraxidin-7-O-glucuronide by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The intrinsic clearances in human liver and intestinal microsomes were 63.8 and 16.4μL/min/mg, respectively. Human liver microsomes displays higher potential for isofraxidin elimination than human intestinal microsomes. The reaction phenotyping analysis was conducted using cDNA-expressed human UGTs and chemical inhibitors. The results indicated that UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 were the main isoforms involved in the formation of isofraxidin-7-O-glucuronide. The isofraxidin glucuronidation in liver microsomes from human (HLM), rat (RLM), mouse (MLM), dog (DLM), monkey (CyLM), minipig (PLM), and guinea pig (GpLM) followed the Michealis-Menten model. The isofraxidin glucuronidation displays species differences in terms of catalytic activities. GpLM had the highest clearance with the CLint value of 152μL/min/mg. CyLM, RLM and MLM exhibit similar catalytic activities in isofraxidin glucuronidation with the intrinsic clearance values of 54.6, 58.0 and 50.2μL/min/mg, respectively, which are higher than those of PLM and DLM (23.9 and 37.7μL/min/mg, respectively). Rat exhibits the most similar intrinsic metabolic clearance (CLint) to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Meng
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guiyuan He
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Ge YW, Tohda C, Zhu S, He YM, Yoshimatsu K, Komatsu K. Effects of Oleanane-Type Triterpene Saponins from the Leaves of Eleutherococcus senticosus in an Axonal Outgrowth Assay. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1834-41. [PMID: 27400231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus leaves exerted a beneficial effect in restoring the neurite outgrowth from Aβ25-35-induced degeneration using an axonal density assay. Subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation afforded seven new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, ezoukoginosides A-G (1-7), along with nine known analogues. The structures of 1-7 were elucidated through chemical and spectroscopic approaches, and their effects on restoring the neurite outgrowth from Aβ25-35-induced degeneration were investigated. The results revealed that hydrophilic oleanane-type saponins substituted with a free carboxylic acid, hydroxy, or formyl group in the aglycone, especially when the oxidation occurred at C-29, not only restrained Aβ25-35-induced degeneration but also restored axonal outgrowth significantly. Compounds 2 (-COOH at C-29) and 3 (-CH2OH at C-29) showed the most potent bioactivity among the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kayo Yoshimatsu
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , Ibaraki 567-0085, Japan
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Rosas PC, Nagaraja GM, Kaur P, Panossian A, Wickman G, Garcia LR, Al-Khamis FA, Asea AAA. Hsp72 (HSPA1A) Prevents Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation and Toxicity: A New Approach for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149409. [PMID: 26960140 PMCID: PMC4784952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a growing public health concern and accounts for approximately 90% of all the cases of diabetes. Besides insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes is characterized by a deficit in β-cell mass as a result of misfolded human islet amyloid polypeptide (h-IAPP) which forms toxic aggregates that destroy pancreatic β-cells. Heat shock proteins (HSP) play an important role in combating the unwanted self-association of unfolded proteins. We hypothesized that Hsp72 (HSPA1A) prevents h-IAPP aggregation and toxicity. In this study, we demonstrated that thermal stress significantly up-regulates the intracellular expression of Hsp72, and prevents h-IAPP toxicity against pancreatic β-cells. Moreover, Hsp72 (HSPA1A) overexpression in pancreatic β-cells ameliorates h-IAPP toxicity. To test the hypothesis that Hsp72 (HSPA1A) prevents aggregation and fibril formation, we established a novel C. elegans model that expresses the highly amyloidogenic human pro-IAPP (h-proIAPP) that is implicated in amyloid formation and β-cell toxicity. We demonstrated that h-proIAPP expression in body-wall muscles, pharynx and neurons adversely affects C. elegans development. In addition, we demonstrated that h-proIAPP forms insoluble aggregates and that the co-expression of h-Hsp72 in our h-proIAPP C. elegans model, increases h-proIAPP solubility. Furthermore, treatment of transgenic h-proIAPP C. elegans with ADAPT-232, known to induce the expression and release of Hsp72 (HSPA1A), significantly improved the growth retardation phenotype of transgenic worms. Taken together, this study identifies Hsp72 (HSPA1A) as a potential treatment to prevent β-cell mass decline in type 2 diabetic patients and establishes for the first time a novel in vivo model that can be used to select compounds that attenuate h-proIAPP aggregation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C. Rosas
- Division of Investigative Pathology, Scott & White Hospital and the Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ganachari M. Nagaraja
- Division of Investigative Pathology, Scott & White Hospital and the Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Georg Wickman
- Department of Research, Swedish Herbal Institute, Åskloster, Sweden
| | - L. Rene Garcia
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fahd A. Al-Khamis
- Department for Neuroscience Research, Institutes for Research & Medical Consultancies (IRMC) and Deanship for Scientific Research, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexzander A. A. Asea
- Department for Neuroscience Research, Institutes for Research & Medical Consultancies (IRMC) and Deanship for Scientific Research, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Fuentes AL, Hennessy K, Pascual J, Pepe N, Wang I, Santiago A, Chaggan C, Martinez J, Rivera E, Cota P, Cunha C, Nogaj LA, Moffet DA. Identification of Plant Extracts that Inhibit the Formation of Diabetes-Linked IAPP Amyloid. J Herb Med 2016; 6:37-41. [PMID: 27042401 DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracts of 27 vegetables, spices and herbs were screened for their functional ability to inhibit the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) into toxic amyloid aggregates. The aggregation of IAPP has been directly linked to the death of pancreatic β-islet cells in type 2 diabetes. Inhibiting the aggregation of IAPP is believed to have the potential to slow, if not prevent entirely, the progression of this disease. As vegetables, spices and herbs are known to possess many different positive health effects, the extracts of 27 plants (abundant within the United States and spanning several plant families) were screened for their ability to inhibit the formation of toxic IAPP aggregates. Their anti-amyloid activities were assessed through (1) thioflavin T binding assays, (2) visualization of amyloid fibers using atomic force microscopy and (3) cell rescue studies. From this research, mint, peppermint, red bell pepper and thyme emerged as possessing the greatest anti-amyloid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Kathleen Hennessy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Jacob Pascual
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Nicole Pepe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - In Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Alexander Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Cynthia Chaggan
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Mary's College, 12001 Chalon Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049
| | - Jessica Martinez
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Mary's College, 12001 Chalon Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049
| | - Evelyn Rivera
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Mary's College, 12001 Chalon Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049
| | - Paola Cota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Christina Cunha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
| | - Luiza A Nogaj
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Mary's College, 12001 Chalon Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049
| | - David A Moffet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045
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Proteomics in Traditional Chinese Medicine with an Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:393510. [PMID: 26557146 PMCID: PMC4628675 DOI: 10.1155/2015/393510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing worldwide interest in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This increasing demand for TCM needs to be accompanied by a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of TCM-based therapy. However, TCM is often described as a concept of Chinese philosophy, which is incomprehensible for Western medical society, thereby creating a gap between TCM and Western medicine (WM). In order to meet this challenge, TCM research has applied proteomics technologies for exploring the mechanisms of action of TCM treatment. Proteomics enables TCM researchers to oversee various pathways that are affected by treatment, as well as the dynamics of their interactions with one another. This review discusses the utility of comparative proteomics to better understand how TCM treatment may be used as a complementary therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, we review the data from comparative AD-related TCM proteomics studies and establish the relevance of the data with available AD hypotheses, most notably regarding the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS).
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Kumar NS, Nisha N. Phytomedicines as potential inhibitors of β amyloid aggregation: significance to Alzheimer's disease. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:801-18. [PMID: 25480511 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the history of drug development, plants have been an important source for the discovery of novel therapeutically active compounds for many diseases. The ethnopharmacological approach has provided several leads to identify potential new drugs from plant sources, including those for memory disorders. For the treatment of Alzheimer's disease the drug discovery focus shifted from cholinesterase inhibitors, to other targets primarily based on two key neuropathological hallmarks, namely the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and the increased formation and aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP). The present article aims to provide a comprehensive literature survey of plants and their constituents that have been tested for Aβ aggregation, thus possibly relieving several features of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Satheesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER-H], Balanagar, Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - N Nisha
- Department of Biochemistry, Aurigene Discovery Technologies, Hyderabad-500049, India
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Adewusi EA, Steenkamp V. Medicinal plants and their derivatives with amyloid beta inhibitory activity as potential targets for drug discovery. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhang SN, Li XZ, wang Y, zhang N, Yang ZM, Liu SM, Lu F. Neuroprotection or neurotoxicity? new insights into the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus harms on nervous system through cerebral metabolomics analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:290-300. [PMID: 25223591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthopanax senticosus harms (AS), also called "Ciwujia" in Chinese and "Siberian ginseng" in the Siberian Taiga region, is the herb used in traditional medicinal systems in China and Russia, which has been applied to the treatment of various nervous and cerebrovascular diseases, such as depression, mental fatigue, and transient global cerebral ischemia. The previous research works usually tended to focus on the neuroprotective effects of AS, but ignored its additional effects that are not entirely beneficial to the nervous system. Therefore, to discover the potential intervention targets of AS and evaluate their roles in the nervous system are the urgent problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) coupled with pattern recognition methods were integrated to investigate the metabolic profiles of AS-treated rats. The analysis of possible pathways influenced by AS was performed by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) with MetPA. RESULTS Treated with AS, 16 modulated metabolites were identified and considered as the potential intervention targets of AS, out of which 3 metabolites had protective effects on the nervous system, whereas 7 metabolites showed the neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION These results may reveal that the effects of AS on nervous system had two sides, and it could not only exert the neuroprotection but also produce some potential neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-nan Zhang
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, He Ping Road 24, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xu-zhao Li
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, He Ping Road 24, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yu wang
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, He Ping Road 24, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Na zhang
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, He Ping Road 24, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhi-ming Yang
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, He Ping Road 24, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shu-min Liu
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, He Ping Road 24, Harbin 150040, PR China; Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, He Ping Road 24, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Fang Lu
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, He Ping Road 24, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Schneiderová K, Šmejkal K. Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:799-833. [PMID: 32214918 PMCID: PMC7089068 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Flavonoids, lignans, phenolic glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, glycerides, phenolic acids, and miscellaneous other compounds have been isolated from different parts of P. tomentosa plant. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. They show cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines and inhibit the effects of human cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and bacterial neuraminidases. Most of the compounds considered here have never been isolated from any other species of plant. This review summarizes the information about the isolated compounds that are active, their bioactivities, and the structure-activity relationships that have been worked out for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Schneiderová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Analysis of yield of eleutherosides B and E in Acanthopanax divaricatus and A. koreanum grown with varying cultivation methods. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:515291. [PMID: 25165741 PMCID: PMC4140102 DOI: 10.1155/2014/515291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of the yield of eleutherosides B and E in Acanthopanax divaricatus and A. koreanum was performed using high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate production by different cultivation methods. In A. divaricatus and A. koreanum, the total content of eleutherosides B and E was 2.466–7.360 mg/g varying by plant section, 3.886–11.506 mg/g by pinching site, 3.655–10.083 mg/g by planting time, and 3.652–10.108 mg/g by fertilizer ratio. Thus the total content of eleutherosides B and E in A. divaricatus and A. koreanum differed depending on cultivation methods. These results present useful information for high eleutheroside content applications in A. divaricatus and A. koreanum. This information can affect selection of plant section and cultivation methods for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical material development.
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iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics study on the neuroprotective effects of extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harm on SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing A53T mutant α-synuclein. Neurochem Int 2014; 72:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Li XZ, Zhang SN, Wang KX, Liu HY, Yang ZM, Liu SM, Lu F. Neuroprotective effects of extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms on SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing wild-type or A53T mutant α-synuclein. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:704-711. [PMID: 24252343 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms (EAS) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) mice model. α-Synuclein is a key player in the pathogenesis of PD, the elevated level of which is deleterious to dopaminergic neurons, and enhancing its clearance might be a promising strategy for treating PD. To assess the potential of EAS in this regard, we investigated its effect on the SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing wild-type α-synuclein (WT-α-Syn) or A53T mutant α-synuclein (A53T-α-Syn), and the implicated pathway it might mediate. After treatment with EAS, the changes of α-synuclein, caspase-3, parkin, phospho-protein kinase B (Akt), phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and phospho-microtubule-associated protein tau (Tau) in WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic cells were reverted back to near normal levels, demonstrated by the western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR outcomes. The neuroprotective effects of EAS may be able to protect WT-α-Syn or A53T-α-Syn transgenic SH-SY5Y cells from α-synuclein overexpression and toxicity. Therefore, we speculate that EAS might be a promising candidate for prevention or treatment of α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-zhao Li
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shuai-nan Zhang
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Ke-xin Wang
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hong-yu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Zhi-ming Yang
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shu-min Liu
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China; Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Fang Lu
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Guo S, Liu Y, Lin Z, Tai S, Yin S, Liu G. Effects of eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E on activity of cytochrome P450 in rat liver microsomes. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:1. [PMID: 24383621 PMCID: PMC3880977 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals of herbal products may cause unexpected toxicity or adverse effect by the potential for alteration of the activity of CYP450 when co-administered with other drugs. Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine and popular herbal dietary supplements, and often co-administered with many other drugs. The main bioactive constituents of ES were considered to be eleutherosides including eleutheroside B (EB) and eleutheroside E (EE). This study was to investigate the effects of EB and EE on CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 in rat liver microsomes in vitro. METHOD Probe drugs of tolbutamide (TB), dextromethorphan (DM), chlorzoxazone (CLZ) and testosterone (TS) as well as eleutherosides of different concentrations were added to incubation systems of rat liver microsomes in vitro. After incubation, validated HPLC methods were used to quantify relevant metabolites. RESULTS The results suggested that EB and EE exhibited weak inhibition against the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2E1, but no effects on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 activity. The IC50 values for EB and EE were calculated to be 193.20 μM and 188.36 μM for CYP2E1, 595.66 μM and 261.82 μM for CYP2C9, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that inhibitions of CYP2E1 by EB and EE were best fit to mixed-type with Ki value of 183.95 μM and 171.63 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that EB and EE may inhibit the metabolism of drugs metabolized via CYP2C9 and CYP2E1, and have the potential to increase the toxicity of the drugs.
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Zhang HY, Yamakawa YI, Matsuya Y, Toyooka N, Tohda C, Awale S, Li F, Kadota S, Tezuka Y. Synthesis of long-chain fatty acid derivatives as a novel anti-Alzheimer's agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:604-8. [PMID: 24360558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop new drugs for Alzheimer's disease, we prepared 17 fatty acid derivatives with different chain lengths and different numbers and positions of double bonds by using Wittig reaction and stereospecific hydrogenation of triple bonds as key reactions. Among them, (4Z,15Z)-octadecadienoic acid (10) and (23Z,34Z)-heptatriacontadienoic acid (16) showed the most potent neurite outgrowth activities on Aβ(25-35)-treated rat cortical neurons, which activities were comparable to that of a positive control, NGF. Both fatty acids 10 and 16 possess two (Z)-double bonds at the n-3 and n-14 positions, which might be important for the neurite outgrowth activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhang
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yu-ichiro Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuya
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Division of Neuromedical Science, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Frontier Research Core for Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Research Promotion Office, Joint Usage/Research Center for Science-Based Natural Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Kadota
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tezuka
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Li XZ, Zhang SN, Lu F, Liu CF, Wang Y, Bai Y, Wang N, Liu SM. Cerebral metabonomics study on Parkinson's disease mice treated with extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1219-1229. [PMID: 23830815 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms (EAS) has neuroprotective effect on Parkinson's disease (PD) mice against dopaminergic neuronal damage. However, studies of its anti-PD mechanism are challenging, owing to the complex pathophysiology of PD, and complexity of EAS with multiple constituents acting on different metabolic pathways. Here, we have investigated the metabolic profiles and potential biomarkers in a mice model of MPTP-induced PD after treatment of EAS. Metabonomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was used to profile the metabolic fingerprints of mesencephalon obtained from 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine Hydrochloride (MPTP-HCl)-induced PD mice model with and without EAS treatment. Through partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), it was observed that metabolic perturbations induced by MPTP were restored after treatment with EAS. Metabolites with significant changes induced by MPTP, including L-dopa, 5'-methylthioadenosine, tetradecanoylcarnitine, phytosphingosine-1-P, Cer(d18:0/18:0), LysoPC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), L-palmitoyl -carnitine, tetracosanoylglycine, morphiceptin and stearoylcarnitine, were characterized as potential biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of PD. The derivations of all those biomarkers can be regulated by EAS treatment except Cer(d18:0/18:0), LysoPC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), morphiceptin. The therapeutic effect of EAS on PD may involve in regulating the tyrosine metabolism, mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids, fatty acid metabolism, methionine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. This study indicated that changed metabolites can be certainly recovered by EAS, and the treatment of EAS can be connected with the regulation of related metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-zhao Li
- Chinese Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
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Niu X, Xing W, Li W, Fan T, Hu H, Li Y. Isofraxidin exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and inhibited TNF-α production in LPS-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro via the MAPK pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:164-71. [PMID: 22800929 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Isofraxidin (IF) is a Coumarin compound that can be isolated from medicinal plants, such as Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.). Nakai is widely used in Asian countries for the treatment of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour action. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of IF on inflammation and nociception. In addition, we investigated a potential novel mechanism to explain the anti-inflammatory properties of IF. In vivo, xylene-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, LPS-induced mouse endotoxic shock, acetic acid-induced mice writhing and formalin-induced mouse pain models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of IF. In vitro, we examined the effects of IF inhibition on TNF-α production and the regulation of ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation activity in LPS-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages. Our results demonstrated that IF can significantly decrease xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced pain. Moreover, IF greatly inhibited the production of TNF-α in the serum of LPS-stimulated mice and peritoneal macrophages, and it decreased phospho-p38 and ERK1/2 protein expression in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Overall, our data suggest that IF possesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities that may be mediated through the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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Liu SM, Li XZ, Huo Y, Lu F. Protective effect of extract of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:631-638. [PMID: 22402244 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To study the neuroprotective effect of extract of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms against MPTP-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease and its mechanism. The Parkinson's disease mice model was induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Hydrochloride (MPTP-HCl, 30mg/kg daily for 5 days). High dose group and low dose group were medicated with extract of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms for 20 days, dose amounted to 182mg/kg and 45.5mg/kg daily respectively. The behavioral testing of mice was assessed using pole-climbing test. The levels of Dopamine (DA) and Homovanillic acid (HVA) in striatum were determined by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ToF-MS). The levels of dopamine receptor 1 and 2 in striatum were assayed simultaneously with the help of immunohistochemical method. The level of Caspase-3 protein in substantia nigra was analyzed by Western Blot. From Day 5 during the administration of extract of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, pole-climbing time in low and high dose group were significantly less than model group (p<0.05). Compared with model group, the DA level of striatum in low dose group was significantly higher (p<0.01), the number of dopamine receptor 1 and dopamine receptor 2-positive cells in low and high dose group were significantly less (p<0.05), the Caspase-3 protein level of substantia nigra in low and high dose group were significantly less (p<0.05). The neuroprotective effect of extract of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms may be able to protect C57BL/6 mice against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-min Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, PR China
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Zhu S, Bai Y, Oya M, Tanaka K, Komatsu K, Maruyama T, Goda Y, Kawasaki T, Fujita M, Shibata T. Genetic and chemical diversity of Eleutherococcus senticosus and molecular identification of Siberian ginseng by PCR-RFLP analysis based on chloroplast trnK intron sequence. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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