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Chlorine Dioxide Treatment Modulates Ripening-Related Genes and Antioxidant System to Improve the Storability of Tomato. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3818269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is used to maintain quality and safety of fresh produce. However, ClO2 action mechanism in fresh produce is unknown. In this study, firstly, we evaluated the efficacy of ClO2 treatment on the quality, chilling injury, and calyx molding of tomatoes stored at two different temperatures. Then, ClO2 effect on the expression of cell wall- and ripening-related genes and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes was investigated. Tomatoes were treated with gaseous ClO2 for 15 min before transferring them to 13°C for 12 days and/or 4°C for 14 days, followed by 5 days at 20°C (shelf-life conditions). ClO2 treatment marginally reduced the rate of respiration but did not affect ethylene production at 13°C and 4°C storage or at shelf-life conditions. When stored at 13°C, treatment with ClO2 reduced the loss of firmness, with concomitant repression of pectin esterase 1, a cell wall-related gene. Additionally, at 13°C storage conditions, ClO2 treatment maintained tomato quality in terms of soluble solid content, titratable acidity, and color and was associated with the downregulation of the ripening-relatedethylene response factors B3/C1/E1 and the induction of antioxidant genes encoding catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. At 4°C storage conditions, ClO2 at a concentration of 15 ppm not only maintained the firmness and quality of tomatoes but also inhibited pitting during shelf-life with a concomitant increase of catalase activity. Moreover, treatment with 15 ppm ClO2 significantly reduced the calyx molding that is generally observed in fruits stored at 13°C and under shelf-life conditions. Hence, our results indicate that ClO2 treatment effectively maintained tomato quality and inhibited calyx molding by partially regulating ripening-related genes and antioxidant systems, thereby improving the storability of postharvest tomatoes.
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Zhong T, Zhang J, Sun X, Kou J, Zhang Z, Bai J, Ritenour MA. The Potential of Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide for the Control of Citrus Postharvest Stem-End Rot Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3426-3432. [PMID: 33934635 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-20-0407-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to develop technologies using chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas to control postharvest stem-end rot of citrus caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Mycelial growth of L. theobromae on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plugs was completely inhibited by a 24-h ClO2 exposure provided by 0.5 g of solid ClO2 generating granular mixture in a 7.7-liter sealed container. In vivo experiments were conducted on artificially inoculated Tango and naturally infected U.S. Early Pride mandarins. When ClO2 treatments were initiated 0 to 6 h after inoculation, decay development was significantly reduced as compared with the control, and higher ClO2 doses were more effective. A ClO2 treatment (using 3 g of generating mixture per 7.7-liter sealed container) administered 0 h after inoculation resulted in 17.6% Diplodia stem-end rot incidence compared with 95.6% in the control, whereas the same treatment administered 24 h after inoculation was much less effective, resulting in 63.0% incidence compared with 85.4% in the control. Diplodia stem-end rot incidence of naturally infected fruit after using 6 or 9 g of generating mixture per 24-liter sealed box was 23.8 or 25.7%, respectively, compared with 47.9% for control fruit. The ClO2 treatments had no negative effects on fruit quality characteristics including weight loss, firmness, puncture resistance, titratable acids (TAs), total soluble solids (TSSs), and rind color. Albedo pH at wounds was significantly reduced from 6.0 to 4.8 by the ClO2 treatments, whereas undamaged albedo remained at 5.8. In addition, no visible physiologic defects, such as peel browning and bleaching, were observed on ClO2-treated fruit. These results indicate that ClO2 gas has the potential to be developed as a component of an integrated citrus postharvest decay control system to minimize fruit losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Jiuxu Zhang
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Xiuxiu Sun
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Jingjing Kou
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Zhike Zhang
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Jinhe Bai
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
| | - Mark A Ritenour
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, U.S.A
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Sun X, Cameron RG, Plotto A, Zhong T, Ference CM, Bai J. The Effect of Controlled-Release Carvacrol on Safety and Quality of Blueberries Stored in Perforated Packaging. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071487. [PMID: 34206966 PMCID: PMC8303632 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of a controlled-release carvacrol powder to delay storage decay and maintain the safety of blueberries. The controlled-release carvacrol powder was a microcapsule of carvacrol (11% (w/w) active carvacrol) surrounded by a pectin/sodium alginate matrix. The microcapsules were packed in an air-permeable pouch, and then attached to the top of a clamshell filled with blueberries. The blueberries, inoculated with Escherichia coli or Colletotrichum acutatum, or non-inoculated control, were monitored for microbial growth and quality for 10 days at 10 °C and 5 days at 20 °C. Three treatments were compared: controlled-release microencapsulated carvacrol, non-encapsulated carvacrol, and control. The results showed that both the microencapsulated carvacrol and the non-encapsulated carvacrol treatments significantly reduced the populations of yeast and mold, and of E. coli and mesophilic aerobic bacteria. The microencapsulated carvacrol treated berries retained better quality due to significantly lower weight loss than control after 10 days at 10 °C. Sensory panelists found that the microencapsulated carvacrol berries had significantly higher overall blueberry flavor and lower discernible off-flavor in comparison with the non-encapsulated treatment after 3 days at 20 °C. The fruit internal quality, including total soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA), was not significantly affected by any treatment. These results indicate that pectin/sodium alginate controlled-release microencapsulated carvacrol can be used for the preservation of blueberries or other small fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Sun
- Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Randall G. Cameron
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (R.G.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Anne Plotto
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (R.G.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Christopher M. Ference
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (R.G.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.F.)
| | - Jinhe Bai
- Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 S. Rock Rd, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (R.G.C.); (A.P.); (C.M.F.)
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (J.B.)
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Applications of gaseous chlorine dioxide on postharvest handling and storage of fruits and vegetables – A review. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Effect of controlled-release chlorine dioxide on the quality and safety of cherry/grape tomatoes. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sun X, Bai J, Ference C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Narciso J, Zhou K. Antimicrobial activity of controlled-release chlorine dioxide gas on fresh blueberries. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1127-32. [PMID: 24988018 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas on the safety and quality of blueberries was studied. In vitro studies revealed that both ClO2 gas fumigation and ClO2 direct contact in water killed food pathogen bacterium Escherichia coli and fruit decay pathogen fungus Colletotrichum acutatum. In vivo studies were conducted using noninoculated berries and berries inoculated with postharvest decay and foodborne pathogens. Berries were inoculated with either E. coli (5.2 log CFU/g) or C. acutatum (3.9 log CFU/g). Inoculated fruit were dried for 2 h at room temperature in a climate-controlled laboratory and packed in perforated commercial clamshells, with or without ClO2 pads, and stored at 10°C for up to 9 days. The effects of ClO2 on microbial populations and fruit firmness were monitored during storage. In the inoculation experiment, treatment with ClO2 reduced populations of E. coli and C. acutatum by 2.2 to 3.3 and 1.3 to 2.0 log CFU/g, respectively. For the noninoculated blueberries, the initial total aerobic bacteria count and the yeast and mold count were 4.2 and 4.1 log CFU/g, respectively. ClO2 treatment reduced total aerobic bacteria count and yeast and mold count by 1.5 to 1.8 and 1.3 to 1.7 log CFU/g, respectively. The firmness of both inoculated and noninoculated blueberries was maintained by ClO2 treatment. Thus, controlled-release ClO2 gas fumigation technology shows promise as an effective and practical antimicrobial agent in commercial clamshell packaging of blueberry and other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - Jinhe Bai
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - Christopher Ference
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Jan Narciso
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA.
| | - Kequan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Effects of Triton X-100 on Proton Transfer and in the Photocycle of Archaerhodopsin 4. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:250-6. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Preparation of stable micropatterns of gold on cell-adhesion-resistant hydrogels assisted by a hetero-bifunctional macromonomer linker. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-5057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yao X, Peng R, Ding J. Cell-material interactions revealed via material techniques of surface patterning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5257-5286. [PMID: 24038153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-material interactions constitute a key fundamental topic in biomaterials study. Various cell cues and matrix cues as well as soluble factors regulate cell behaviors on materials. These factors are coupled with each other as usual, and thus it is very difficult to unambiguously elucidate the role of each regulator. The recently developed material techniques of surface patterning afford unique ways to reveal the underlying science. This paper reviews the pertinent material techniques to fabricate patterns of microscale and nanoscale resolutions, and corresponding cell studies. Some issues are emphasized, such as cell localization on patterned surfaces of chemical contrast, and effects of cell shape, cell size, cell-cell contact, and seeding density on differentiation of stem cells. Material cues to regulate cell adhesion, cell differentiation and other cell events are further summed up. Effects of some physical properties, such as surface topography and matrix stiffness, on cell behaviors are also discussed; nanoscaled features of substrate surfaces to regulate cell fate are summarized as well. The pertinent work sheds new insight into the cell-material interactions, and is stimulating for biomaterial design in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and high-throughput detection, diagnosis, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
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LIGHT-DRIVEN PROTON PUMPS OF ARCHAERHODOPSIN AND BACTERIORHODOPSIN AND POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS OF THOSE FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2012.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ming M, Wu J, Huang W, Ding J. Effect of Substitution of Proline-77 to Aspartate on the Light-Driven Proton Release of Bacteriorhodopsin. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:922-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Taran M, Monazah A, Asadi N. Production of a novel biomacromolecule for nanodevices from glycerol as carbon source in different conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:955-7. [PMID: 21871483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the investigation of producing cruxrhodopsin as a biomacromolecule with nanofunction from glycerol as carbon source using several process parameters. The optimum medium composition for cruxrhodopsin production was found to contain glycerol 1%, yeast extract 0.05% and K(2)HPO(4) 0.001%. The production of cruxrhodopsin in optimal conditions was 139.86 mg/l. In conclusion, halophilic microorganism Haloarcula sp. IRU1 could be a potential microorganism for production of cruxrhodopsin from glycerol in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Taran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, PO Box, 6714967346 Kermanshah, Iran.
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