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Sisco HKF, Brummette J. mRNA Vaccine Hesitancy: Spreading Misinformation Through Online Narratives. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39018340 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2379954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This research examined the themes that emerge from online discussions of the COVID-19 vaccines to assist health communicators and officials in combating misinformation in health-related discussions. Using framing theory and the diffusion of innovation framework, this study presents findings from a semantic network analysis of 3842 tweets collected during the first week of February 2022. The authors calculated betweenness and page rank centrality scores for Twitter users participating in the online dialogue and identified 36 semantic themes. Findings revealed that the most influential dialogue participants were retired health and medical professionals, data analysts, journalists, online advocates, and politicians. The frames identified in the study contained several misinformation narratives about the COVID-19 vaccines. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for health officials and communicators as well as the theoretical implications of the diffusion of misinformation and framing as a tool to reiterate untruths.
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Hampton J, Mugambi P, Caggiano E, Eugene R, Valente A, Taylor M, Carreiro S. Closing the Digital Divide in Interventions for Substance Use Disorder. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2024; 9:e240002. [PMID: 38726224 PMCID: PMC11081399 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20240002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Digital health interventions are exploding in today's medical practice and have tremendous potential to support the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). Developers and healthcare providers alike must be cognizant of the potential for digital interventions to exacerbate existing inequities in SUD treatment, particularly as they relate to Social Determinants of Health (SDoH). To explore this evolving area of study, this manuscript will review the existing concepts of the digital divide and digital inequities, and the role SDoH play as drivers of digital inequities. We will then explore how the data used and modeling strategies can create bias in digital health tools for SUD. Finally, we will discuss potential solutions and future directions to bridge these gaps including smartphone ownership, Wi-Fi access, digital literacy, and mitigation of historical, algorithmic, and measurement bias. Thoughtful design of digital interventions is quintessential to reduce the risk of bias, decrease the digital divide, and create equitable health outcomes for individuals with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Hampton
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- Washington University of Health and Science, San Pedro, Belize, Central America
- Division of Public Health, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA
| | - Purity Mugambi
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Emily Caggiano
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Reynalde Eugene
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Alycia Valente
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Melissa Taylor
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Stephanie Carreiro
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Shaw G, Schaefer R, Schmidt HMA, Madden A, Chang J, Mozalevskis A, Msimanga-Radebe B, Mangadan Konath N, Verster A, Baggaley R, Rodolph M, Macdonald V. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among people who inject drugs: a global mapping of service delivery. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:16. [PMID: 36782321 PMCID: PMC9924874 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for all people at substantial risk of HIV as part of combination prevention. The extent to which this recommendation has been implemented globally for people who inject drugs is unclear. This study mapped global service delivery of PrEP for people who inject drugs. METHODS Between October and December 2021, a desk review was conducted to obtain information on PrEP services for people who inject drugs from drug user-led networks and HIV, harm reduction, and human rights stakeholders. Websites of organizations involved in HIV prevention or services for people who inject drugs were searched. Models of service delivery were described in terms of service location, provider, and package. RESULTS PrEP services were identified in 27 countries (15 high-income). PrEP delivery models varied within and across countries. In most services, PrEP services were implemented in healthcare clinics without direct links to other harm reduction services. In three countries, PrEP services were also provided at methadone clinics. In 14 countries, PrEP services were provided through community-based models (outside of clinic settings) that commonly involved peer-led outreach activities and integration with harm reduction services. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates limited PrEP availability for people who inject drugs. There is potential to expand PrEP services for people who inject drugs within harm reduction programs, notably through community-based and peer-led services. PrEP should never be offered instead of evidence-based harm reduction programs for people who inject drugs; however, it could be offered as an additional HIV prevention choice as part of a comprehensive harm reduction program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Schaefer
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Heather-Marie A Schmidt
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland ,UNAIDS Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Annie Madden
- International Network of People who Use Drugs, London, UK
| | - Judy Chang
- International Network of People who Use Drugs, London, UK
| | - Antons Mozalevskis
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Annette Verster
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Baggaley
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Rodolph
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Macdonald
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Garett R, Young SD. Role of Peer Coaches in Digital Interventions for MOUD Initiation and Maintenance. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:9-13. [PMID: 35909202 PMCID: PMC10993297 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-01008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Millions of Americans suffer from opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States, resulting in thousands of deaths. The ongoing opioid crisis necessitates novel approaches to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with misusing opioids. Studies using peer support models show success in engaging persons living with OUD in initiating treatment and decreasing relapse. Although most studies have focused on patients in clinical settings, community studies integrating peer community leaders also show promise. This viewpoint paper explores the use of peer coaches in online interventions in the community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Garett
- ElevateU, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Informatics, University of California Institute for Prediction Technology, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Sean D Young
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Informatics, University of California Institute for Prediction Technology, Irvine, CA, USA
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Grau-López L, Daigre C, Palma-Alvarez RF, Sorribes-Puertas M, Serrano-Pérez P, Quesada-Franco M, Segura L, Coronado M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Colom J. COVID-19 Lockdown and Consumption Patterns among Substance Use Disorder Outpatients: A Multicentre Study. Eur Addict Res 2022; 28:243-254. [PMID: 35038702 PMCID: PMC8805052 DOI: 10.1159/000521425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has had a great impact on mental health in the general population. However, few studies have focused on patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). This research aimed to compare the clinical status and substance use patterns of SUD outpatients, before and during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This multicentre study recruited 588 patients (29.2% women; M age = 47.4 ± 11.7 years) in thirteen centres for addiction treatment in Catalonia, Spain. All subjects were evaluated with validated instruments and ad hoc questionnaires. The sample was divided into 3 groups according to how the substance consumption pattern changed during lockdown (maintained pattern, worsened pattern, and improved pattern). RESULTS More than 62% of the patients maintained or worsened their consumption pattern during confinement, and about 38% improved throughout this time. Diverse factors were associated with the changes in pattern like age, addiction severity, psychological distress during lockdown, social and familial issues, and therapeutic variables. CONCLUSION The home lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with major implications for substance consumption and psychiatric distress among SUD outpatients. Considering this, the need to plan appropriate interventions in cases of similar health crises is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Grau-López
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry Group, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Daigre
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry Group, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Felipe Palma-Alvarez
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry Group, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sorribes-Puertas
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry Group, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry Group, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Quesada-Franco
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry Group, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Segura
- Subdirecció general de Drogodependències, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Coronado
- Subdirecció general de Drogodependències, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry Group, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Colom
- Subdirecció general de Drogodependències, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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