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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6389. [PMID: 38928096 PMCID: PMC11204317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase of COVID-19. Characterized by a myriad of symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic and management challenges. Central to the disorder is the role of low-grade inflammation, a non-classical inflammatory response that contributes to the chronicity and diversity of symptoms observed. This review explores the pathophysiological underpinnings of LC, emphasizing the importance of low-grade inflammation as a core component. By delineating the pathogenetic relationships and clinical manifestations of LC, this article highlights the necessity for an integrated approach that employs both personalized medicine and standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding of LC but also inform the development of therapeutic strategies that could be applicable to other chronic conditions with similar pathophysiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
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2
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Ige S, Alaoui K, Al-Dibouni A, Dallas ML, Cagampang FR, Sellayah D, Chantler PD, Boateng SY. Leptin-dependent differential remodeling of visceral and pericardial adipose tissue following chronic exercise and psychosocial stress. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23325. [PMID: 38117486 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300269rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is driven by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, causing excessive storage of triglycerides in adipose tissue at different sites around the body. Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with diabetes, while pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with cardiac pathology. Adipose tissue can expand either through cellular hypertrophy or hyperplasia, with the former correlating with decreased metabolic health in obesity. The aim of this study was to determine how VAT and PAT remodel in response to obesity, stress, and exercise. Here we have used the male obese Zucker rats, which carries two recessive fa alleles that result in the development of hyperphagia with reduced energy expenditure, resulting in morbid obesity and leptin resistance. At 9 weeks of age, a group of lean (Fa/Fa or Fa/fa) Zucker rats (LZR) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats (OZR) were treated with unpredictable chronic mild stress or exercise for 8 weeks. To determine the phenotype for PAT and VAT, tissue cellularity and gene expression were analyzed. Finally, leptin signaling was investigated further using cultured 3T3-derived adipocytes. Tissue cellularity was determined following hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, while qPCR was used to examine gene expression. PAT adipocytes were significantly smaller than those from VAT and had a more beige-like appearance in both LZR and OZR. In the OZR group, VAT adipocyte cell size increased significantly compared with LZR, while PAT showed no difference. Exercise and stress resulted in a significant reduction in VAT cellularity in OZR, while PAT showed no change. This suggests that PAT cellularity does not remodel significantly compared with VAT. These data indicate that the extracellular matrix of PAT is able to remodel more readily than in VAT. In the LZR group, exercise increased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) in PAT but was decreased in the OZR group. In VAT, exercise decreased IRS1 in LZR, while increasing it in OZR. This suggests that in obesity, VAT is more responsive to exercise and subsequently becomes less insulin resistant compared with PAT. Stress increased PPAR-γ expression in the VAT but decreased it in the PAT in the OZR group. This suggests that in obesity, stress increases adipogenesis more significantly in the VAT compared with PAT. To understand the role of leptin signaling in adipose tissue remodeling mechanistically, JAK2 autophosphorylation was inhibited using 5 μM 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexabromocyclohexane (Hex) in cultured 3T3-derived adipocytes. Palmitate treatment was used to induce cellular hypertrophy. Hex blocked adipocyte hypertrophy in response to palmitate treatment but not the increase in lipid droplet size. These data suggest that leptin signaling is necessary for adipocyte cell remodeling, and its absence induces whitening. Taken together, our data suggest that leptin signaling is necessary for adipocyte remodeling in response to obesity, exercise, and psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ige
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Kaouthar Alaoui
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alaa Al-Dibouni
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Mark L Dallas
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Felino R Cagampang
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dyan Sellayah
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Paul D Chantler
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Samuel Y Boateng
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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3
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Stapelberg NJC, Braidy N. The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1072042. [PMID: 37153459 PMCID: PMC10160413 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor for modern chronic diseases, with distinct influences in males and females. The sex specificity of the mammalian stress response contributes to the sex-dependent development and impacts of coronary artery disease (CAD). Compared to men, women appear to have greater susceptibility to chronic forms of psychosocial stress, extending beyond an increased incidence of mood disorders to include a 2- to 4-fold higher risk of stress-dependent myocardial infarction in women, and up to 10-fold higher risk of Takotsubo syndrome-a stress-dependent coronary-myocardial disorder most prevalent in post-menopausal women. Sex differences arise at all levels of the stress response: from initial perception of stress to behavioural, cognitive, and affective responses and longer-term disease outcomes. These fundamental differences involve interactions between chromosomal and gonadal determinants, (mal)adaptive epigenetic modulation across the lifespan (particularly in early life), and the extrinsic influences of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors. Pre-clinical investigations of biological mechanisms support distinct early life programming and a heightened corticolimbic-noradrenaline-neuroinflammatory reactivity in females vs. males, among implicated determinants of the chronic stress response. Unravelling the intrinsic molecular, cellular and systems biological basis of these differences, and their interactions with external lifestyle/socio-cultural determinants, can guide preventative and therapeutic strategies to better target coronary heart disease in a tailored sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Helman
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: Tessa J. Helman
| | - John P. Headrick
- Schoolof Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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4
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Chouliara Z, Barlow PG. Trust, inflammatory biomarkers and adversity: a novel investigation and clinical implications. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2022.2039899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Chouliara
- Independent Practice, Edinburgh, UK
- SE NHS Trust Ulster Hospital Psychology Post COVID Service, Locum Consultant, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
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5
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O'Connor TG, Ciesla AA. Maternal Immune Activation Hypotheses for Human Neurodevelopment: Some Outstanding Questions. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:471-479. [PMID: 34688920 PMCID: PMC9021321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) hypothesis is a leading model for understanding prenatal influences on individual differences in, and clinical syndromes of, neurodevelopment. Experimental animal and human research has proliferated in recent years, and there is now a sizable research base. Several meta-analyses demonstrate general support for an association between prenatal immune activation and neurodevelopment in human research. However, questions remain about the nature of the immune activation, the network of underlying mechanisms involved, and the breadth of impact across behavioral phenotypes. Complementing recent reviews of results, the current review places particular emphasis on how advances in understanding mechanisms may be improved with greater attention to addressing the methodological variation and limitations of existing studies, and identifies areas for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester; Department of Psycholog, University of Rochestery; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester; Wynne Center for Family Research, University of Rochester.
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Su X, Cheng Y, Zhang G, Wang B. Novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of metabolic related dyslipidemia. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5675-5687. [PMID: 34218408 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the technological advances, it has been well-established that obesity is strongly correlated with various health problems. Among these problems, dyslipidemia is one of the most important concomitant symptoms under obese status which is the main driving force behind the pathological progression of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Importantly, the type of dyslipidemia, arising from concerted action of obesity, has been identified as "metabolic related dyslipidemia", which is characterized by increased circulating levels of Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TG) accompanied by lower circulating levels of High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). On the other hand, the metabolic related dyslipidemia is being verified as a vital link between obesity and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we summarized the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity. Meanwhile, we also summarized the emerging results which focused on several novel lipid bio-markers in metabolic related dyslipidemia, such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
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7
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Su X, Chen X, Wang B. Pathology of metabolically-related dyslipidemia. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:107-115. [PMID: 34192528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that overweight/obesity is closely associated with multiple health problems. Among these, dyslipidemia is the most important and main driving force behind pathologic development of cardio-metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Notably, a subtype of dyslipidemia, metabolic related dyslipidemia, is now recognized as a vital link between obesity and multiple different cardiovascular diseases. This condition is characterized by increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity/overweight. We focus on several novel lipid biomarkers such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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8
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Chouliara Z. “ Mirror, mirror on the wall … ”: A person-centred approach to appearance distress. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2020.1853041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Løkken BI, Merom D, Sund ER, Krokstad S, Rangul V. Association of engagement in cultural activities with cause-specific mortality determined through an eight-year follow up: The HUNT Study, Norway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248332. [PMID: 33705441 PMCID: PMC7951895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation in cultural activities may protect against cause-specific mortality; however, there is limited knowledge regarding this association. The present study examines the association between participation in a range of receptive and creative cultural activities and risk of cardiovascular disease- and cancer-related mortality. We also examined whether participation in such activities and influence by gender have on this association. We followed 35,902 participants of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3) of Cardiovascular-Disease and Cancer Mortality from 2006-08 to 2016. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to estimate the risk of specific mortality based on baseline cultural participation. During the eight-year follow-up, there were 563 cardiovascular-disease- and 752 cancer-related deaths among the sample (292,416 person years). Risk of cardiovascular-disease mortality was higher among non-participants in associations/club meetings (22%) and outdoor activities (23%), respectively, as well as non-attendees of art exhibitions (28%). People who engaged in music, singing, and theatre had a 27% reduced risk of cancer-related mortality when compared to non-participants. Among women, participating in associations/club meetings reduced the risk of cardiovascular-disease mortality by 36%. Men who participated in music, singing, and theatre had a 33% reduced risk of cancer mortality. Overall, a reduced risk of cardiovascular-disease mortality was associated with engaging in creative activities on weekly basis to less than twice per week. For both genders, participating in creative activities less than once a week reduced cardiovascular-disease mortality risk by 40% and 33%, respectively. For the overall sample, participating > 2 times per week in combined receptive and creative activities reduced cancer-related mortality by 29%. Participating frequently in both receptive and creative activities cultural activities was associated with lower risks of CVD and cancer-related mortality. Our data suggest that, to counteract the public health burden of cardiovascular disease- and cancer mortality, policies and initiatives to increase citizens' participation in cultural activities should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erik R. Sund
- Nord University, Levanger, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelags Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelags Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Norwegian Resource Centre for Arts and Health, Levanger, Norway
| | - Vegar Rangul
- Nord University, Levanger, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
- Norwegian Resource Centre for Arts and Health, Levanger, Norway
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Peters EMJ, Schedlowski M, Watzl C, Gimsa U. [Can Stress Interact with SARS-CoV-2? A Narrative Review with a Focus on Stress-Reducing Interventions that may Improve Defence against COVID-19]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2021; 71:61-71. [PMID: 33440452 DOI: 10.1055/a-1322-3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic is on the rise and causes many concerns and fears in the population as well as among medical care givers. This raises the question as to how psychosocial stress associated with the pandemic can be managed, and also if certain forms of stress can contribute to an increase in infections and critical illnesses. METHODS Against the background of the current state of research on stress and the immune response, we provide a narrative review of studies addressing the question as to how stress can influence the immune defence against viral diseases. RESULTS Excessive stress can compromise the barrier function of the airways and alter neuroendocrine control of immune function, which can create a virus-permissive immune response. DISCUSSION Because certain forms of stress can play a role in the successful immune defence against viral respiratory disease, it is important to identify people with high psychosocial stress and to help them manage their stress. Conclusion Psychosocial measures that contribute to improved stress management may have a positive effect on the immune response against viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Milena Johanne Peters
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Psychoneuroimmunologie Labor, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Deutschland.,Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, CharitéCentrum 12 (CC12) für Innere Medizin und Dermatologie, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Verhaltensimmunbiologie, Universitätsklinik Essen, Deutschland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Fachbereich Immunologie, Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, Leibniz-Institut für Nutztierbiologie, Dummerstorf, Deutschland
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Su X, Peng D. Emerging functions of adipokines in linking the development of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7991-8006. [PMID: 32888125 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that obesity is the critical factor in shaping cardio-metabolic phenotypes. However, the pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely clarified. According to the published reports, adipose tissue communicates with several diverse organs, such as heart, lungs, and kidneys through the secretion of various cytokines named adipokines. The adipocytes isolated from obese mice or humans are dysfunctional with aberrant production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, which subsequently induce both acute and chronic inflammatory reaction and facilitate the process of cardio-metabolic disorder complications. Furthermore, the microenvironment within adipose tissue under obese status also influence the secretion of adipokines. Recently, given that several important adipokines have been completely researched and causally involved in various diseases, we could make a conclusion that adipokines play an essential role in modulating the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases, whereas several novel adipokines continue to be explored and elucidated. In the present review, we summarized the current knowledge of the microenvironment of adipose tissue and the published mechanisms whereby adipocytes affects obesity and cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, we also provide the evidence to elucidate the functions of adipokines in controlling and regulating the inflammatory reactions which contribute to obesity and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Su X, Peng D. Adipokines as novel biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lehigh GR, Wells EC, Diaz D. Evidence-Informed strategies for promoting equitability in brownfields redevelopment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110150. [PMID: 32148256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brownfields redevelopment creates opportunities for enhanced environmental conditions, improved physical and mental health, community cohesion, and economic prosperity. However, brownfields cleanup and recycling projects sometimes fail due to a lack of community engagement. Recent research suggests that such failures can stem from a lack of equitability in the planning process, especially when it comes to decision making. This paper examines issues of equitability in a recent brownfields redevelopment project in Tampa, Florida funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The project focused on an underserved and under-resourced community with long-term environmental burdens and health disparities. Our ethnographic research shows that, while the project engaged in multiple and intersecting efforts to include a diversity of community voices in the decision-making process, ultimately structural and organizational power imbalances in sustainability transitions influenced participation in redevelopment initiatives. This study suggests that attending to issues of power articulated through expressions of local and authoritative knowledge about environmental cleanup and redevelopment can lead to deeper levels of community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Diaz
- University Area Community Development Corporation, Tampa, Florida, USA
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14
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Morelli V. Primary Care in Underserved Populations Definitions, Scope, Challenges and Future Considerations. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Caceres BA, Makarem N, Hickey KT, Hughes TL. Cardiovascular Disease Disparities in Sexual Minority Adults: An Examination of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2014-2016). Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:576-585. [PMID: 30392384 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118810246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate sexual orientation differences in cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING The 2014 to 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. PARTICIPANTS A total of 395 154 participants. MEASURES The exposure measure was sexual orientation. Self-report of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease was assessed. ANALYSIS Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses to examine sexual orientation differences in cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease (heterosexuals = reference group). RESULTS Sexual minority men reported higher rates of mental distress (gay adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.59; bisexual AOR: 1.88) and lifetime depression (gay AOR: 2.48; bisexual: AOR 2.67). Gay men reported higher rates of current smoking (AOR: 1.28), but lower rates of obesity (AOR: 0.82) compared to heterosexual men. Sexual minority women reported higher rates of several cardiovascular risk factors including mental distress (lesbian AOR: 1.37; bisexual AOR: 2.33), lifetime depression (lesbian AOR: 1.96; bisexual AOR: 3.26), current smoking (lesbian AOR: 1.65; bisexual AOR: 1.29), heavy drinking (lesbian AOR: 2.01; bisexual AOR: 2.04), and obesity (lesbian AOR: 1.50; bisexual AOR: 1.29), but were more likely to exercise than heterosexual women (lesbian AOR: 1.34; bisexual AOR: 1.24). Lesbian women reported lower rates of heart attack (AOR: 0.62), but bisexual women had higher rates of stroke than heterosexual women (AOR: 1.46). CONCLUSIONS Findings can inform the development of prevention efforts to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy A Caceres
- 1 Columbia University School of Nursing, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nour Makarem
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Tonda L Hughes
- 1 Columbia University School of Nursing, New York City, NY, USA
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16
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van den Bosch M, Ode Sang Å. Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for improved public health - A systematic review of reviews. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:373-384. [PMID: 28686952 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing urbanisation, changing disease scenarios, and current predictions of climate change impacts require innovative strategies for providing healthy and sustainable cities, now and in the future. The recently coined concept, Nature-based solutions (NBS), is one such strategy referring to actions that are inspired by, supported by, or copied from nature, designed to address a range of environmental challenges. The objective with this article is to evaluate the evidence on public health benefits of exposure to natural environments and explore how this knowledge could be framed within the NBS concept. We conducted a systematic review of reviews following established methodology, including keyword search in several databases, predefined inclusion criteria, and a data extraction in accordance with the PICOS structure. We reviewed literature on associations between public health and natural environments in relation to pathways - sociobehavioural/cultural ecosystem services (e.g. stress and physical activity) and regulating ecosystem services (e.g. heat reduction) - or defined health outcomes (e.g. cardiovascular mortality). The results show that there is strong evidence for improved affect as well as on heat reduction from urban natural environments. These conditions may mediate the effect seen on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality by exposure to natural environments. By also reviewing existing literature on NBS and health, we phrase the results within the NBS context, providing guidelines on how public health and well-being could be integrated into implementation of NBS for resilient and liveable urban landscapes and health in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van den Bosch
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Å Ode Sang
- Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
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Axin1 up-regulated 1 accelerates stress-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:441-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Vargovic P, Laukova M, Ukropec J, Manz G, Kvetnansky R. Prior Repeated Stress Attenuates Cold-Induced Immunomodulation Associated with “Browning” in Mesenteric Fat of Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:349-361. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Morelli V. An Introduction to Primary Care in Underserved Populations: Definitions, Scope, and Challenges. Prim Care 2017; 44:1-9. [PMID: 28164809 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses the scope of the problem primary care physicians face when caring for the underserved, both nationally and internationally. It touches on the statistics used to define medically underserved communities, the pervasiveness of poverty, and how primary care physician shortages may soon reach a crisis point. The definitions of socioeconomic status, allostatic load, and structural violence are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Morelli
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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20
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Pereira VH, Marques F, Lages V, Pereira FG, Patchev A, Almeida OFX, Almeida-Palha J, Sousa N, Cerqueira JJ. Glucose intolerance after chronic stress is related with downregulated PPAR-γ in adipose tissue. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:114. [PMID: 27538526 PMCID: PMC4990862 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic stress is associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance and cardiovascular diseases, albeit through undefined mechanisms. With the aim of gaining insights into the latter, this study examined the metabolic profile of young adult male rats that were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. Methods Young adult male rats were submitted to 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable stress and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. An extensive analysis including of morphologic, biochemical and molecular parameters was carried out both after chronic unpredictable stress and after recovery from stress. Results After 28 days of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) the animals submitted to this protocol displayed less weight gain than control animals. After 5 weeks of recovery the weight gain rebounded to similar values of controls. In addition, following CUS, fasting insulin levels were increased and were accompanied by signs of impaired glucose tolerance and elevated serum corticosteroid levels. This biochemical profile persisted into the post-stress recovery period, despite the restoration of baseline corticosteroid levels. The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and lipocalin-2 in white adipose tissue were, respectively, down- and up-regulated. Conclusions Reduction of PPAR-γ expression and generation of a pro-inflammatory environment by increased lipocalin-2 expression in white adipose tissue may contribute to stress-induced glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vânia Lages
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa G Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | - Joana Almeida-Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - João J Cerqueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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21
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Social-Biological Interactions in Oral Disease: A 'Cells to Society' View. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146218. [PMID: 26751953 PMCID: PMC4709106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases constitute a major worldwide public health problem, with their burden concentrating in socially disadvantaged and less affluent groups of the population, resulting in significant oral health inequalities. Biomedical and behavioural approaches have proven relatively ineffective in reducing these inequalities, and have potentially increased the health gap between social groups. Some suggest this stems from a lack of understanding of how the social and psychosocial contexts in which behavioural and biological changes occur influence oral disease. To unravel the pathways through which social factors affect oral health outcomes, a better understanding is thus needed of how the social 'gets under the skin,' or becomes embodied, to alter the biological. In this paper, we present the current knowledge on the interplay between social and biological factors in oral disease. We first provide an overview of the process of embodiment in chronic disease and then evaluate the evidence on embodiment in oral disease by reviewing published studies in this area. Results show that, in periodontal disease, income, education and perceived stress are correlated with elevated levels of stress hormones, disrupted immune biomarkers and increased allostatic load. Similarly, socioeconomic position and increased financial stress are related to increased stress hormones and cariogenic bacterial counts in dental caries. Based on these results, we propose a dynamic model depicting social-biological interactions that illustrates potential interdependencies between social and biological factors that lead to poor oral health. This work and the proposed model may aid in developing a better understanding of the causes of oral health inequalities and implicate the importance of addressing the social determinants of oral health in innovating public health interventions.
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22
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Pearson T. Stopping the tsunami of stress in primary care. Nurse Pract 2015; 40:1-6. [PMID: 26566130 DOI: 10.1097/01.npr.0000473070.88755.ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the psychoneuroimmunologic impact of stress on illness along with a review of mind/body therapies to counteract the effects of stress. Primary care providers are encouraged to promote stress reduction and translate evidence into practice by recommending mind/body therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamera Pearson
- Tamera Pearson is an associate professor and director of the Family Nurse Practitioner Program at Western Carolina University School of Nursing, Cullowhee, N.C
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23
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Caslin HL, Franco RL, Crabb EB, Huang CJ, Bowen MK, Acevedo EO. The effect of obesity on inflammatory cytokine and leptin production following acute mental stress. Psychophysiology 2015; 53:151-8. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Caslin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences; College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - R. L. Franco
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences; College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - E. B. Crabb
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences; College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - C. J. Huang
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion; School of Education, Florida Atlantic University; Boca Raton Florida USA
| | - M. K. Bowen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences; College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia USA
| | - E. O. Acevedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences; College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia USA
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24
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Abstract
This article provides an update of the current status of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States, including a brief review of the underlying pathophysiology and epidemiology. This article presents a discussion of the latest American Heart Association guidelines that introduce the concept of promoting ideal cardiovascular health, defined by seven identified metrics. Specific CVD risk factors and utilization of the 10-year CVD event prediction calculator are discussed. In addition, current management recommendations of health-related conditions that increase risk for CVD, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, are provided. Finally, a discussion of detailed evidence-based lifestyle recommendations to promote cardiovascular health and reduce CVD risks concludes the update.
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25
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LIU W, WANG X, MEI Z, GONG J, GAO X, ZHAO Y, MA J, XIE F, QIAN L. Chronic Stress Promotes the Progression of Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Through Inducing More Apoptosis and Fibrosis. Physiol Res 2015; 64:325-34. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress serves as a risk factor in the etiology of hypertension. The present study was designed to decipher the effect and mechanism of chronic stress on the progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. We used abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) to induce pressure overload with or without chronic restraint stress to establish the animal models. Echocardiographic analysis showed pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction was worsened by chronic stress. Compared with the AAC rats, there is a significant increase in cardiac hypertrophy, injury, apoptosis and fibrosis of the AAC + stress rats. Furthermore, we found the secretion of norepinephrine (NE) increased after the AAC operation, while the level of NE was higher in the AAC + stress group. Cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts isolated from neonatal rats were cultured and separately treated with 1, 10, 100 μM NE. The higher concentration NE induced more cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis, cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen expression. These results revealed that high level of NE-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis, cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen expression further contributes to the effect of chronic stress on acceleration of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L. QIAN
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Jin P, Wu X, Xu S, Zhang H, Li Y, Cao Z, Li H, Wang S. Differential expression of six genes and correlation with fatness traits in a unique broiler population. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 24:945-949. [PMID: 28490969 PMCID: PMC5415145 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous results from genome wide association studies (GWASs) in chickens divergently selected for abdominal fat content of Northeast Agricultural University (NEAUHLF) showed that many single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants were associated with abdominal fat content. Of them, six top significant SNPs at the genome level were located within SRD5A3, SGCZ, DLC1, GBE1, GALNT9 and DNAJB6 genes. Here, expression levels of these six candidate genes were investigated in abdominal fat and liver tissue between fat and lean broilers from the 14th generation population of NEAUHLF. The results showed that expression levels of SRD5A3, SGCZ and DNAJB6 in the abdominal fat and SRD5A3, DLC1, GALNT9, DNAJB6 and GBE1 in the liver tissue differed significantly between the fat and lean birds, and were correlated with abdominal fat traits. The findings will provide important references for further function investigation of the six candidate genes involved in abdominal fat deposition in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xianwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Songsong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shouzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China
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27
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Ignacio DL, da S. Silvestre DH, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JPA, Louzada RA, Carvalho DP, Werneck-de-Castro JP. Thyroid hormone and estrogen regulate exercise-induced growth hormone release. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122556. [PMID: 25874614 PMCID: PMC4395113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) regulates whole body metabolism, and physical exercise is the most potent stimulus to induce its secretion in humans. The mechanisms underlying GH secretion after exercise remain to be defined. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of estrogen and pituitary type 1 deiodinase (D1) activation on exercise-induced GH secretion. Ten days after bilateral ovariectomy, animals were submitted to 20 min of treadmill exercise at 75% of maximum aerobic capacity and tissues were harvested immediately or 30 min after exercise. Non-exercised animals were used as controls. A significant increase in D1 activity occurred immediately after exercise (~60%) in sham-operated animals and GH was higher (~6-fold) 30 min after exercise. Estrogen deficient rats exhibited basal levels of GH and D1 activity comparable to those found in control rats. However, after exercise both D1 activity and serum GH levels were blunted compared to sedentary rats. To understand the potential cause-effect of D1 activation in exercise-induced GH release, we pharmacologically blocked D1 activity by propylthiouracil (PTU) injection into intact rats and submitted them to the acute exercise session. D1 inhibition blocked exercise-induced GH secretion, although basal levels were unaltered. In conclusion, estrogen deficiency impairs the induction of thyroid hormone activating enzyme D1 in the pituitary, and GH release by acute exercise. Also, acute D1 activation is essential for exercise-induced GH response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Leão Ignacio
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego H. da S. Silvestre
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ruy Andrade Louzada
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Werneck-de-Castro
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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28
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Stensland SØ, Thoresen S, Wentzel-Larsen T, Dyb G. Interpersonal violence and overweight in adolescents: the HUNT Study. Scand J Public Health 2014; 43:18-26. [PMID: 25391788 DOI: 10.1177/1403494814556176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are major public health challenges associated with psychosocial adversity and unfavourable lifestyle. Exposure to interpersonal violence, such as sexual abuse, violence and bullying, could represent precursors, accelerating or sustaining factors. METHODS The Young-HUNT 3 study, 2006-2008, is a population-based, cross-sectional, cohort study of Norwegian youth that includes self-report data on exposure to interpersonal violence; pubertal status and timing; socioeconomic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors; and clinical anthropometric measures. A cohort of 10,464 adolescents aged 12-20 years from Nord-Trøndelag County were invited to participate. Body mass index served as the outcome in the simple and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS The response rate was 72.3% (7564), and 49.9% (3777) of the respondents were girls. A robust and significant relationship between interpersonal violence and increased BMI for both genders was found. Importantly, interpersonal violence remained significantly correlated with higher BMI following adjustment for pubertal development, socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity and unfavourable lifestyle factors in both genders, although most evident in girls. Adjusted regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for the relationship between interpersonal violence and BMI were 0.33 (0.01, 0.65) for 1 type and 0.89 (0.37, 1.41) for 2 types, compared to no exposure in girls, and 0.40 (0.09, 0.71) for 1 type and 0.35 (-0.09, 0.79) for 2 types of interpersonal violence in boys. CONCLUSIONS The empirical evidence of consistent associations between interpersonal violence, related psychosocial and lifestyle factors, and body fatness, indicates that these features play important roles for adolescents struggling with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siri Thoresen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway
| | - Grete Dyb
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Santisteban MM, Zubcevic J, Baekey DM, Raizada MK. Dysfunctional brain-bone marrow communication: a paradigm shift in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 15:377-89. [PMID: 23715920 PMCID: PMC3714364 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the pathophysiology of hypertension involves autonomic nervous system dysfunction, as well as a multitude of immune responses. However, the close interplay of these systems in the development and establishment of high blood pressure and its associated pathophysiology remains elusive and is the subject of extensive investigation. It has been proposed that an imbalance of the neuro-immune systems is a result of an enhancement of the "proinflammatory sympathetic" arm in conjunction with dampening of the "anti-inflammatory parasympathetic" arm of the autonomic nervous system. In addition to the neuronal modulation of the immune system, it is proposed that key inflammatory responses are relayed back to the central nervous system and alter the neuronal communication to the periphery. The overall objective of this review is to critically discuss recent advances in the understanding of autonomic immune modulation, and propose a unifying hypothesis underlying the mechanisms leading to the development and maintenance of hypertension, with particular emphasis on the bone marrow, as it is a crucial meeting point for neural, immune, and vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Santisteban
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine. 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100274, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine. 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100274, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - David M. Baekey
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine. 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine. 1600 SW Archer Road, PO Box 100274, Gainesville, FL 32610
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The first Insubria autumn school on neuroimmunopharmacology: challenging paradigms beyond boundaries. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013; 8:1-3. [PMID: 23400421 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This issue of the Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology is dedicated, in part, to the proceedings of the First Insubria Autumn School on Neuroimmunopharmacology, organized by Marco Cosentino, Georges J.M. Maestroni, Franca Marino (University of Insubria, Varese, Italy), Manfred Schedlowsky (University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany) and Rainer H. Straub (University of Regensburg, Germany), which took place in November 2011 in Varese, Italy. The School was attended by 50 graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in medical and biological disciplines from 16 european universities and 25 faculties/departments.
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