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Subiza-Pérez M, García-Baquero G, Fernández-Somoano A, Guxens M, González L, Tardón A, Dadvand P, Estarlich M, de Castro M, McEachan RRC, Ibarluzea J, Lertxundi N. Residential green and blue spaces and working memory in children aged 6-12 years old. Results from the INMA cohort. Health Place 2023; 84:103136. [PMID: 37871446 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Availability of green and blue spaces in the area of residence has been related to various health outcomes during childhood, including neurodevelopment. Some studies have shown that children living in greener and/or bluer areas score better on cognitive tasks although the evidence is inconsistent. These protective effects are hypothesized to occur in part through reductions in air pollution exposure and odds of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study analysed the effects of residential green and blue spaces on working memory of children in the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) birth cohort and the potential joint mediating role of air pollution and ADHD. The study samples were composed of 1738 six-to eight-year-olds (M = 7.53, SD = 0.68, 49% female) and 1449 ten-to twelve-year-olds (M = 11.18, SD = 0.69, 50% female) living in Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell or Valencia, Spain. Individual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in 100-, 300- and 500-m buffers and availability of green and blue spaces >5000 m2 in 300-m buffers were calculated using Geographic Information Systems software. Individual NO2 values for the home environment were estimated using ESCAPE's land use regression models. ADHD diagnosis was reported by participants' parents via a questionnaire. Working memory was measured with numbers and colours (in the younger group only) N-back tests (2- and 3-back d'). Mixed-effects models informed of the beneficial effects of NDVI in a 300-m buffer on numerical working memory in the younger sample although the results were not consistent for all d' scores considered and failed to detect significant effects through the candidate mediators. Availability of major blue spaces did not predict working memory performance. Provision of green spaces may play a role in children's working memory but further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Subiza-Pérez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, BD9 6RJ, Bradford, UK; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo García-Baquero
- Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain; Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, Avda Licenciado Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33001, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular Del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33001, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Mónica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Llucia González
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pelayo, 19, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit in Epidemiology, Environment and Health, FISABIO-University of Valencia-Universitat Jaume I, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular Del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33001, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pelayo, 19, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit in Epidemiology, Environment and Health, FISABIO-University of Valencia-Universitat Jaume I, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Montserrat de Castro
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, BD9 6RJ, Bradford, UK.
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, 20013, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Nerea Lertxundi
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, c/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, 280, Spain; Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain.
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Nessler JA, Lundquist AL, Jimenez NC, Newcomer SC. Heart Rate Response and Locomotor Activity of Female Skateboarders, BIPOC Skateboarders, and Non-skateboard Users During a Typical Session at a Community Skatepark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:599-612. [PMID: 37621876 PMCID: PMC10446960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated that male adults and youth engaged in skateboarding at community skateparks achieve heart rates that meet or exceed recommendations for exercise by the CDC. However, these studies do not adequately evaluate other non-traditional or ethnically diverse users who may differ in how they utilize the skatepark and in their cardiovascular response. The purpose of this experiment was to measure heart rate response and locomotor movement in three lesser studied groups that frequently utilize community skateparks, and to compare these results with those reported previously in male adult and youth skateboarders. Fifty-six skatepark users were analyzed, including thirty female and BIPOC skateboarders, and twenty-six non-skateboard users. All participants were instrumented with a HR monitor with GPS capability and asked to engage in their preferred activity with no duration specified. Average heart rate and time spent at high and moderate levels of heart rate intensity were not statistically different among the groups studied here, nor were they different from those reported previously for male adult and youth skateboarders. Distances traveled, average, and peak velocities were also not statistically different among the groups studied here, but all were significantly lower than values previously reported for adult male skateboarders. While some differences in distances traveled and velocity were noted, all groups met or exceeded CDC guidelines for cardiovascular fitness. These data suggest that skateparks can help a community achieve health outcomes, particularly among diverse users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff A Nessler
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Alivia L Lundquist
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Casas Jimenez
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Sean C Newcomer
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
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Fernández Núñez MB, Campos Suzman L, Maneja R, Bach A, Marquet O, Anguelovski I, Knobel P. The Differences by Sex and Gender in the Relationship Between Urban Greenness and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review. J Urban Health 2022; 99:1054-1067. [PMID: 36180810 PMCID: PMC9727044 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In an increasingly urbanized world, where cardiometabolic issues in cities have raised public health concerns, urban greenness is known to be beneficial for some of the most common health issues. However, the examination of the contribution of sex and gender regarding the benefits of urban greenness for people's cardiometabolic health is lacking. For that reason, we conducted a systematic review of previous literature on the topic following the PRISMA methodology. Additionally, we assessed the quality of the included articles, which we found satisfactory as most papers were of very good or good quality. We explored the relationship between urban greenness exposure and cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Results suggest that urban greenness is protective against cardiovascular risk factors, diseases, and mortality. When stratifying results by sex and gender, findings point to urban greenness being more beneficial for women and females in stroke and cardiovascular risk factors, except for hypertension and lipid accumulation product. On the other hand, males were more protected by urban greenness in terms of cardiovascular diseases and CVD-related mortality, thus proving that sex and gender health inequalities exist. Furthermore, looking towards the future, research needs to use the proper terminology for sex and gender and policy makers should design urban greenness with a gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lia Campos Suzman
- Environmental Science and Technology Institute (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Maneja
- Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
- Environment and Human Health Laboratory (EH2 Lab), Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
- Geography Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Bach
- Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
- Environment and Human Health Laboratory (EH2 Lab), Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
| | - Oriol Marquet
- Geography Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Anguelovski
- Environmental Science and Technology Institute (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Knobel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Erratum to the Effects of Park-Based Interventions on Health-Related Outcomes Among Youth: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1245. [PMID: 35796047 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Marquet O, Hirsch JA, Kerr J, Jankowska MM, Mitchell J, Hart JE, Laden F, Hipp JA, James P. GPS-based activity space exposure to greenness and walkability is associated with increased accelerometer-based physical activity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107317. [PMID: 35660954 PMCID: PMC10187790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Built and natural environments may provide opportunities for physical activity. However, studies are limited by primarily using residential addresses to define exposure and self-report to measure physical activity. We quantified associations between global positioning systems (GPS)-based activity space measures of environmental exposure and accelerometer-based physical activity. METHODS Using a nationwide sample of working female adults (N = 354), we obtained seven days of GPS and accelerometry data. We created Daily Path Area activity spaces using GPS data and linked these activity spaces to spatial datasets on walkability (EPA Smart Location Database at the Census block group level) and greenness (satellite vegetation at 250 m resolution). We utilized generalized additive models to examine nonlinear associations between activity space exposures and accelerometer-derived physical activity outcomes adjusted for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and self-rated health. RESULTS Higher activity space walkability was associated with higher levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity, and higher activity space greenness was associated with greater numbers of steps per week. No strong relationships were observed for sedentary behavior or light physical activity. Highest levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity were observed for participants with both high walkability and high greenness in their activity spaces. CONCLUSION This study contributes evidence that higher levels of physical activity occur in environments with more dense, diverse, and well-connected built environments, and with higher amounts of vegetation. These data suggest that urban planners, landscape architects, and policy makers should implement and evaluate environmental interventions to encourage higher levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Marquet
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jana A Hirsch
- Urban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marta M Jankowska
- Beckman Research Institute, Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, USA; Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Wallace DD, Han B, Cohen DA, Derose KP. The Effects of Park-Based Interventions on Health-Related Outcomes Among Youth: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1029-1044. [PMID: 35343240 PMCID: PMC9197949 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221077812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to present a comprehensive systematic review of the effects of park-based interventions on health outcomes among youth, defined as children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases searched through November 2020. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Interventions conducted in publicly accessible parks that evaluated health outcomes (i.e., physical, mental, and emotional); focused on children and adolescents (up to 18 years old, or up to 22 years old for individuals with developmental needs); and was published in English, Spanish, and Chinese. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the 15 included studies using the Guide to Community Preventive Services tool. DATA SYNTHESIS Descriptive summary of study characteristics and summarized methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS Twelve studies were person-based interventions involving the evaluation of health outcome changes in cohorts, and the remaining studies were park-based, focused on changing the park environment and observing changes in youth participation in parks. All identified interventions were positively associated with individual-level and park-level outcomes ranging from body weight, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, park utilization, and health behavior knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrated that parks as sites of interventions can provide an environment that promotes health and wellbeing for youth. Nevertheless, the number of relevant studies were limited, thus it is important to leverage and expand on existing knowledge of the utility of parks as sites of intervention to address health concerns at this critical juncture of the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshira D Wallace
- Department of Health Behavior, 41474UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bing Han
- 166700RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Research and Evaluation, 6152Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Deborah A Cohen
- 166700RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Research and Evaluation, 6152Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn P Derose
- 166700RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Health Promotion & Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, 14707University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Veitch J, Ball K, Rivera E, Loh V, Deforche B, Timperio A. Understanding children's preference for park features that encourage physical activity: an adaptive choice based conjoint analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:133. [PMID: 34627280 PMCID: PMC8501594 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parks are a key setting for physical activity for children. However, little is known about which park features children prefer and which features are most likely to encourage them to be active in parks. This study examined the relative importance of park features among children for influencing their choice of park for engaging in park-based physical activity. Methods Children (n = 252; 8-12 years, 42% male) attending three primary schools in Melbourne, Australia completed a survey at school. They were required to complete a series of Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint analysis tasks, with responses used to identify the part-worth utilities and relative importance scores of selected park features using Hierarchical Bayes analyses within Sawtooth Software. Results For the overall sample and both boys and girls, the most important driver of choice for a park that would encourage them to be active was presence of a flying fox (overall conjoint analysis relative importance score: 15.8%; 95%CI = 14.5, 17.1), followed by a playground (13.5%; 95%CI = 11.9, 15.2). For the overall sample, trees for climbing had the third highest importance score (10.2%; 95%CI = 8.9, 11.6); however, swings had 3rd highest importance for girls (11.1, 95%CI = 9.3, 12.9) and an obstacle course/parkour area had the 3rd highest importance score for boys (10.7, 95%CI = 9.0, 12.4). For features with two levels, part-worth utility scores showed that the presence of a feature was always preferred over the absence of a feature. For features with multiple levels, long flying foxes, large adventure playgrounds, lots of trees for climbing, large round swings, large climbing equipment, and large grassy open space were the preferred levels. Conclusion To ensure parks appeal as a setting that encourages children to engage in physical activity, park planners and local authorities and organisations involved in park design should prioritise the inclusion of a long flying fox, large adventure playgrounds, lots of trees for climbing, large round swings and obstacle courses/parkour areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01203-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. .,, Burwood, Australia.
| | - Kylie Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Elise Rivera
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Venurs Loh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Rivera E, Timperio A, Loh VH, Deforche B, Veitch J. Important park features for encouraging park visitation, physical activity and social interaction among adolescents: A conjoint analysis. Health Place 2021; 70:102617. [PMID: 34246081 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about what park features adolescents perceive as most important for encouraging them to visit and be active and social in parks. This study examined the relative importance of park features for encouraging these behaviours among adolescents and explored differences according to gender and frequency of visitation. Adolescents were recruited from secondary schools in diverse areas of Melbourne, Australia. In Phase 1 (2018-2019), participants [n = 222; 14.0 years (SD 1.1); 46% female] rated photographs of 40 park features in an online survey, indicating the degree to which each feature encouraged them to visit, and be active and social in the park. In Phase 2 (2019-2020), the top ten-rated features from Phase 1 for each outcome (overall and by gender and frequency of visitation) were presented in Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint tasks to another sample of participants [n = 244; 14.7 years (SD 1.3); 46% female]. The most important feature for encouraging visitation was large swings; for physical activity was sports courts; and for social interaction was a café. Grassy open space was important for all behaviours, and preferred park features varied among sub-groups. The results highlight which park features park planners and designers should prioritise to support active and social park use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Rivera
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Anna Timperio
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Venurs Hy Loh
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia.
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Ogletree SS, Huang JH, Alberico C, Marquet O, Floyd MF, Hipp JA. Parental Preference for Park Attributes Related to Children's Use of Parks in Low-Income, Racial/Ethnic Diverse Neighborhoods. JOURNAL OF HEALTHY EATING AND ACTIVE LIVING 2020; 1:6-15. [PMID: 37790135 PMCID: PMC10544928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Public parks offer free and easy access to spaces for outdoor recreation, which is essential for children's outdoor play and physical activity in low-income communities. Because parks and playgrounds contribute to children's physical, social, and emotional development, it is critical to understand what makes them attractive and welcoming for families with young children. Parents can be a key determinant to children visiting parks, with their preferences influencing whether or not families visit parks in their neighborhoods. Our study examined attributes associated with parental preferences for parks in low-income diverse communities in New York City, New York, and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, USA. Parents' responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified: physical attributes, experiences, social environment, and amenities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness), which differed from other groups. Examining only Latino parents across both cities, we found no significant difference in preferences between the two cities. Although there is no one-size-fits-all approach to encourage park use, our finding suggests facilities and park safety are modifiable ways local government agencies could design and maintain parks that would be preferred by parents for their children. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scott Ogletree
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University
| | - Jing Huei Huang
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University
| | - Claudia Alberico
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University
| | - Oriol Marquet
- Departament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Myron F Floyd
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University
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Marquet O, Hipp JA, Alberico C, Huang JH, Fry D, Mazak E, Lovasi GS, Floyd MF. Use of SOPARC to assess physical activity in parks: do race/ethnicity, contextual conditions, and settings of the target area, affect reliability? BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1730. [PMID: 31870351 PMCID: PMC6929368 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since its introduction in 2006, SOPARC (Systematic Observation of Play and Recreation in Communities) has become a fundamental tool to quantify park visitor behaviors and characteristics. We tested SOPARC reliability when assessing race/ethnicity, physical activity, contextual conditions at the time of observation, and settings of target areas to understand its utility when trying to account for individual characteristics of users. Methods We used 4725 SOPARC observations completed simultaneously by two independent observers to evaluate intraclass correlation and agreement rate between the two observers when trying to assess sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and level of physical activity of urban park users in different park settings. Observations were in 20 New York City parks during Spring and Summer 2017 within the PARC3 project. Results Observers counted 25,765 park users with high interobserver reliability (ICC = .94; %Agreement.75). Reliability scores were negatively affected by the population being observed, the intensity of physical activity, and the contextual conditions and settings of the target area at the time of observation. Specific challenges emerged when assessing the combination of physical activity and race/ethnicity. Conclusions SOPARC training should aim to improve reliability when assessing concurrent measures such as physical activity, race/ethnicity, age, and sex. Similarly, observing crowded park areas with many active users areas may require more observation practice hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Marquet
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Claudia Alberico
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jing-Huei Huang
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dustin Fry
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mazak
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gina S Lovasi
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Myron F Floyd
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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