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Jing S, Xue L, Wang H, Peng Z. Global analysis of an age-structured tuberculosis model with an application to Jiangsu, China. J Math Biol 2024; 88:52. [PMID: 38563991 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Diagnostic delay for TB infected individuals and the lack of TB vaccines for adults are the main challenges to achieve the goals of WHO by 2050. In order to evaluate the impacts of diagnostic delay and vaccination for adults on prevalence of TB, we propose an age-structured model with latent age and infection age, and we incorporate Mycobacterium TB in the environment and vaccination into the model. Diagnostic delay is indicated by the age of infection before receiving treatment. The threshold dynamics are established in terms of the basic reproduction number R 0 . WhenR 0 < 1 , the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, which means that TB epidemic will die out; WhenR 0 = 1 , the disease-free equilibrium is globally attractive; there exists a unique endemic equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium is globally attractive whenR 0 > 1 . We estimate that the basic reproduction numberR 0 = 0.5320 (95% CI (0.3060, 0.7556)) in Jiangsu Province, which means that TB epidemic will die out. However, we find that the annual number of new TB cases by 2050 is 1,151 (95%CI: (138, 8,014)), which means that it is challenging to achieve the goal of WHO by 2050. To this end, we evaluate the possibility of achieving the goals of WHO if we start vaccinating adults and reduce diagnostic delay in 2025. Our results demonstrate that when the diagnostic delay is reduced from longer than four months to four months, or 20% adults are vaccinated, the goal of WHO in 2050 can be achieved, and 73,137 (95%CI: (23,906, 234,086)) and 54,828 (95%CI: (15,811, 206,468)) individuals will be prevented from being infected from 2025 to 2050, respectively. The modeling approaches and simulation results used in this work can help policymakers design control measures to reduce the prevalence of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Jing
- College of Mathematical Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ling Xue
- College of Mathematical Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G1, Canada.
| | - Zhihang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Xu C, Cheng K, Wang Y, Liu M, Wang X, Yang Z, Guo S. Analysis of the current status of TB transmission in China based on an age heterogeneity model. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:19232-19253. [PMID: 38052598 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease transmitted through the respiratory system. China is one of the countries with a high burden of TB. Since 2004, an average of more than 800,000 cases of active TB has been reported each year in China. Analyzing the case data from 2004 to 2018, we found significant differences in TB incidence by age group. A model of TB is put forward to explore the effect of age heterogeneity on TB transmission. The nonlinear least squares method is used to obtain the key parameters in the model, and the basic reproduction number Rv = 0.8017 is calculated and the sensitivity analysis of Rv to the parameters is given. The simulation results show that reducing the number of new infections in the elderly population and increasing the recovery rate of elderly patients with the disease could significantly reduce the transmission of TB. Furthermore, the feasibility of achieving the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy in China is assessed, and we obtained that with existing TB control measures it will take another 30 years for China to reach the WHO goal to reduce 90% of the number of new cases by the year 2049. However, in theory it is feasible to reach the WHO strategic goal of ending TB by 2035 if the group contact rate in the elderly population can be reduced, though it is difficult to reduce the contact rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Xu
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, China
| | - Kedeng Cheng
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, China
| | - Maoxing Liu
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing Changping District TB Control Center, 102202, China
| | - Songbai Guo
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 100044, China
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3
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Ojo OO, Nadarajah S, Kebe M. Integer time series models for tuberculosis in Africa. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11443. [PMID: 37454188 PMCID: PMC10349835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38707-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, an airborne disease, is the deadliest human infectious disease caused by one single agent. The African region is among the most affected and most burdensome area in terms of tuberculosis cases. In this paper, we modeled the number of new cases of tuberculosis for 2000-2021 by integer time series. For each African country, we fitted twenty different models and selected the model that best fitted the data. The twenty models were mostly based on the number of new cases following either the Poisson or negative binomial distribution with the rate parameter allowed to vary linearly or quadratically with respect to year. The best fitted models were used to give predictions for 2022-2031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadare O Ojo
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Saralees Nadarajah
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Malick Kebe
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
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4
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Wang X, Cai Y. The influence of ambient air pollution on the transmission of tuberculosis in Jiangsu, China. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:390-402. [PMID: 37124150 PMCID: PMC10133752 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, based on the statistical data, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution on the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) in Jiangsu, China by studying the threshold dynamics of the TB epidemic model via the statistical data analytically and numerically. The basic reproduction number R 0 > 1 reveals that TB in Jiangsu, China is an endemic disease and will persist for a long time. And the numerical results show that, in order to control the TB in Jiangsu effectively, we must decrease the depuration coefficient of PM10 in the body, the proportion of TB symptomatic infectious by direct transmission, the reactivation rate of the pre-symptomatic infectious and the effect coefficient of PM10 and MTB inhaled of TB transmission, and increase the uptake coefficient, the recovery rate of the symptomatic/pre-symptomatic infectious and the influence coefficient of PM10 on the body of mortality. Our study shows that PM10 is closely related to the incidence of TB, and the effective control efforts are suggested to focus on increasing close-contact distance and wearing protective mask to decrease the influence of PM10 on the TB transmission, which may shed a new light on understanding the environmental drivers to TB.
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5
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Paz LC, Saavedra CAPB, Braga JU, Kimura H, Evangelista MDSN. [Analysis of the seasonality of tuberculosis in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District from 2001 to 2019]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00291321. [PMID: 35894370 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt291321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature has few studies on the seasonality of tuberculosis (TB) in the southern hemisphere, entailing the fill of this knowledge gap. This study aims to analyze whether TB incidence in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District is seasonal. This is an ecological study of a time series (2001-2019) of TB cases, conducted with 26 capitals and the Federal District. The Ministry of Health database, with 516,524 TB cases, was used. Capitals and the Federal District were divided into five groups based on social indicators, disease burden, and the Koppen climate classification. The seasonal variation of TB notifications and group amplitude were evaluated. We found TB seasonality in Brazil with a 1% significance in all capital groups (Stability assumption and Krusall-Wallis tests, p < 0.01). In the combined seasonality test, capital groups A, D, and E showed seasonality, whereas groups B and C, its probability. Our findings showed that health service supply and/or demand - rather than climate - may be the most relevant underlying factor in TB seasonality. It is challenging to raise the other seasonal factors underlying TB seasonality in tropical regions in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidijany Costa Paz
- Centro Especializado em Doenças Infecciosas, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brasil.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | | | - José Ueleres Braga
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Herbert Kimura
- Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Gestão de Políticas Públicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
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6
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Inferring the effective reproductive number from deterministic and semi-deterministic compartmental models using incidence and mobility data. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010206. [PMID: 35759506 PMCID: PMC9269962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective reproduction number (ℜt) is a theoretical indicator of the course of an infectious disease that allows policymakers to evaluate whether current or previous control efforts have been successful or whether additional interventions are necessary. This metric, however, cannot be directly observed and must be inferred from available data. One approach to obtaining such estimates is fitting compartmental models to incidence data. We can envision these dynamic models as the ensemble of structures that describe the disease’s natural history and individuals’ behavioural patterns. In the context of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the assumption of a constant transmission rate is rendered unrealistic, and it is critical to identify a mathematical formulation that accounts for changes in contact patterns. In this work, we leverage existing approaches to propose three complementary formulations that yield similar estimates for ℜt based on data from Ireland’s first COVID-19 wave. We describe these Data Generating Processes (DGP) in terms of State-Space models. Two (DGP1 and DGP2) correspond to stochastic process models whose transmission rate is modelled as Brownian motion processes (Geometric and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross). These DGPs share a measurement model that accounts for incidence and transmission rates, where mobility data is assumed as a proxy of the transmission rate. We perform inference on these structures using Iterated Filtering and the Particle Filter. The final DGP (DGP3) is built from a pool of deterministic models that describe the transmission rate as information delays. We calibrate this pool of models to incidence reports using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. By following this complementary approach, we assess the tradeoffs associated with each formulation and reflect on the benefits/risks of incorporating proxy data into the inference process. We anticipate this work will help evaluate the implications of choosing a particular formulation for the dynamics and observation of the time-varying transmission rate.
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7
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Evaluating Strategies For Tuberculosis to Achieve the Goals of WHO in China: A Seasonal Age-Structured Model Study. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:61. [PMID: 35486232 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in the prevention and mitigation of TB in the past 20 years, China is still the third largest contributor to the global burden of new TB cases, accounting for 833,000 new cases in 2019. Improved mitigation strategies, such as vaccines, diagnostics, and treatment, are needed to meet goals of WHO. Given the huge variability in the prevalence of TB across age-groups in China, the vaccination, diagnostic techniques, and treatment for different age-groups may have different effects. Moreover, the statistics data of TB cases show significant seasonal fluctuations in China. In view of the above facts, we propose a non-autonomous differential equation model with age structure and seasonal transmission rate. We derive the basic reproduction number, [Formula: see text], and prove that the unique disease-free periodic solution, [Formula: see text] is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text], while the disease is uniformly persistent and at least one positive periodic solution exists when [Formula: see text]. We estimate that the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), which means that TB is uniformly persistent. Our results demonstrate that vaccinating susceptible individuals whose ages are over 65 and between 20 and 24 is much more effective in reducing the prevalence of TB, and each of the improved vaccination strategy, diagnostic strategy, and treatment strategy leads to substantial reductions in the prevalence of TB per 100,000 individuals compared with current approaches, and the combination of the three strategies is more effective. Scenario A (i.e., coverage rate [Formula: see text], diagnosis rate [Formula: see text], relapse rate [Formula: see text]) is the best and can reduce the prevalence of TB per 100,000 individuals by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in 2035 and 2050, respectively. Although the improved strategies will significantly reduce the incidence rate of TB, it is challenging to achieve the goal of WHO in 2050. Our findings can provide guidance for public health authorities in projecting effective mitigation strategies of TB.
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8
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Kuddus MA, McBryde ES, Adekunle AI, White LJ, Meehan MT. Mathematical analysis of a two-strain tuberculosis model in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3634. [PMID: 35256670 PMCID: PMC8901732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease that causes millions of deaths worldwide each year (1.2 million people died in 2019). Alarmingly, several strains of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)—including drug-susceptible (DS) and drug-resistant (DR) variants—already circulate throughout most developing and developed countries, particularly in Bangladesh, with totally drug-resistant strains starting to emerge. In this study we develop a two-strain DS and DR TB transmission model and perform an analysis of the system properties and solutions. Both analytical and numerical results show that the prevalence of drug-resistant infection increases with an increasing drug use through amplification. Both analytic results and numerical simulations suggest that if the basic reproduction numbers of both DS (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{R}}_{{0{\text{r}}}}$$\end{document}R0r) TB are less than one, i.e. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\max \left[ {{\text{R}}_{{0{\text{s}}}} ,{\text{ R}}_{{0{\text{r}}}} } \right] < 1,$$\end{document}maxR0s,R0r<1, the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable, meaning that the disease naturally dies out. Furthermore, if \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{R}}_{{0{\text{r}}}} > {\text{max}}\left[ {{\text{R}}_{{0{\text{s}}}} ,1} \right]$$\end{document}R0r>maxR0s,1, then DS TB dies out but DR TB persists in the population, and if \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{R}}_{{0{\text{s}}}} > {\text{max}}\left[ {{\text{R}}_{{0{\text{r}}}} ,1} \right]$$\end{document}R0s>maxR0r,1 both DS TB and DR TB persist in the population. Further, sensitivity analysis of the model parameters found that the transmission rate of both strains had the greatest influence on DS and DR TB prevalence. We also investigated the effect of treatment rates and amplification on both DS and DR TB prevalence; results indicate that inadequate or inappropriate treatment makes co-existence more likely and increases the relative abundance of DR TB infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Kuddus
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. .,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. .,Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Emma S McBryde
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Adeshina I Adekunle
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Decision Sciences Program, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa J White
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael T Meehan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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9
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Kuddus MA, Rahman A. Analysis of COVID-19 using a modified SLIR model with nonlinear incidence. RESULTS IN PHYSICS 2021; 27:104478. [PMID: 34183903 PMCID: PMC8222049 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases kill millions of people each year, and they are the major public health problem in the world. This paper presents a modified Susceptible-Latent-Infected-Removed (SLIR) compartmental model of disease transmission with nonlinear incidence. We have obtained a threshold value of basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) and shown that only a disease-free equilibrium exists whenR 0 < 1 and endemic equilibrium whenR 0 > 1 . With the help of the Lyapunov-LaSalle Invariance Principle, we have shown that disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are both globally asymptotically stable. The study has also provided the model calibration to estimate parameters with month wise coronavirus (COVID-19) data, i.e. reported cases by worldometer from March 2020 to May 2021 and provides prediction until December 2021 in China. The Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient (PRCC) method was used to investigate how the model parameters' variation impact the model outcomes. We observed that the most important parameter is transmission rate which had the most significant impact on COVID-19 cases. We also discuss the epidemiology of COVID-19 cases and several control policies and make recommendations for controlling this disease in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Kuddus
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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10
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Charles T, Eckardt M, Karo B, Haas W, Kröger S. Seasonality in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis notifications in Germany 2004-2014- a time series analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:661. [PMID: 33823839 PMCID: PMC8025493 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonality in tuberculosis (TB) has been found in different parts of the world, showing a peak in spring/summer and a trough in autumn/winter. The evidence is less clear which factors drive seasonality. It was our aim to identify and evaluate seasonality in the notifications of TB in Germany, additionally investigating the possible variance of seasonality by disease site, sex and age group. METHODS We conducted an integer-valued time series analysis using national surveillance data. We analysed the reported monthly numbers of started treatments between 2004 and 2014 for all notified TB cases and stratified by disease site, sex and age group. RESULTS We detected seasonality in the extra-pulmonary TB cases (N = 11,219), with peaks in late spring/summer and troughs in fall/winter. For all TB notifications together (N = 51,090) and for pulmonary TB only (N = 39,714) we did not find a distinct seasonality. Additional stratified analyses did not reveal any clear differences between age groups, the sexes, or between active and passive case finding. CONCLUSION We found seasonality in extra-pulmonary TB only, indicating that seasonality of disease onset might be specific to the disease site. This could point towards differences in disease progression between the different clinical disease manifestations. Sex appears not to be an important driver of seasonality, whereas the role of age remains unclear as this could not be sufficiently investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Charles
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, ECDC, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Eckardt
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Basel Karo
- Centre for International Health Protection (ZIG), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter Haas
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kröger
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hanover - Brunswick, Germany
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11
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Ibrahim MA, Dénes A. Threshold Dynamics in a Model for Zika Virus Disease with Seasonality. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:27. [PMID: 33594490 PMCID: PMC7886769 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a compartmental population model for the spread of Zika virus disease including sexual and vectorial transmission as well as asymptomatic carriers. We apply a non-autonomous model with time-dependent mosquito birth, death and biting rates to integrate the impact of the periodicity of weather on the spread of Zika. We define the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] as the spectral radius of a linear integral operator and show that the global dynamics is determined by this threshold parameter: If [Formula: see text] then the disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable, while if [Formula: see text] then the disease persists. We show numerical examples to study what kind of parameter changes might lead to a periodic recurrence of Zika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Ibrahim
- Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Szeged, 6720, Hungary. .,Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Attila Dénes
- Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
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12
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Cai Y, Zhao S, Niu Y, Peng Z, Wang K, He D, Wang W. Modelling the effects of the contaminated environments on tuberculosis in Jiangsu, China. J Theor Biol 2020; 508:110453. [PMID: 32949588 PMCID: PMC7493753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A tuberculosis model incorporating contaminated environments is developed. A threshold theorem of the model is established. The annual average of the basic reproduction number is obtained. TB in Jiangsu is an endemic disease and will persist for a long time.
Tuberculosis (TB) is still an important public health issue in Jiangsu province, China. In this study, based on the TB transmission routes and the statistical data of TB cases, we formulate a novel TB epidemic model accounting for the effects of the contaminated environments on TB transmission dynamics. The value of this study lies in two aspects. Mathematically, we define the basic reproduction number, R0, and prove that R0 can be used to govern the threshold dynamics of the model. Epidemiologically, we find that the annual average R0 is 1.13,>1 and TB in Jiangsu is an endemic disease. Therefore, in order to control the TB in Jiangsu efficiently, we must decrease the virus shedding rate or increase the recovery rates, and increase the environmental clearance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Cai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300 PR China.
| | - Shi Zhao
- Division of Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077 PR China; Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Lab, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057 PR China
| | - Yun Niu
- School of Urban and Environmental Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300 PR China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166 PR China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011 PR China.
| | - Daihai He
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077 PR China.
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300 PR China.
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13
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Mutua JM, Wang FB, Vaidya NK. Effects of periodic intake of drugs of abuse (morphine) on HIV dynamics: Mathematical model and analysis. Math Biosci 2020; 326:108395. [PMID: 32485213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse, such as opiates, have been widely associated with diminishing host-immune responses, including suppression of HIV-specific antibody responses. In particular, periodic intake of the drugs of abuse can result in time-varying periodic antibody level within HIV-infected individuals, consequently altering the HIV dynamics. In this study, we develop a mathematical model to analyze the effects of periodic intake of morphine, a widely used opiate. We consider two routes of morphine intake, namely, intravenous morphine (IVM) and slow-release oral morphine (SROM), and integrate several morphine pharmacodynamic parameters into HIV dynamics model. Using our non-autonomous model system we formulate the infection threshold, Ri, for global stability of infection-free equilibrium, which provides a condition for avoiding viral infection in a host. We demonstrate that the infection threshold highly depends on the morphine pharmacodynamic parameters. Such information can be useful in the design of antibody-based vaccines. In addition, we also thoroughly evaluate how alteration of the antibody level due to periodic intake of morphine can affect the viral load and the CD4 count in HIV infected drug abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones M Mutua
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, & Physics, Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, MO, USA
| | - Feng-Bin Wang
- Department of Natural Science in the Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Naveen K Vaidya
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
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14
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Liu S, Bi Y, Liu Y. Modeling and dynamic analysis of tuberculosis in mainland China from 1998 to 2017: the effect of DOTS strategy and further control. Theor Biol Med Model 2020; 17:6. [PMID: 32362279 PMCID: PMC7197145 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-020-00124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important health topics in the world. Directly observed treatment and short course chemotherapy (DOTS) strategy combines medicine care and modern health system firmly, and it has been carried out by World Health Organization (WHO) since 1997. In the struggle with TB, China has promoted the process of controlling the disease actively, and the full coverage of DOTS strategy has been reached around 2004. Mathematical modeling is a very useful tool to study the transmission of diseases. Understanding the impact of DOTS strategy on the control of TB is important for designing further prevention strategy. Methods We investigate the impact of control strategy on the transmission of TB in China by dynamic model. Then we discuss further control for TB aiming at developing new vaccine and improving treatment. The optimal control problem, minimizing the total number of infectious individuals with the lowest cost, is proposed and analyzed by Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the theoretical results. Results Theoretical analysis for the epidemic model is given. Based on the data reported by National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC), the basic reproduction number of each stage is estimated and compared, and they are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\mathcal {R}_{0}^{1}=1.7885$\end{document}R01=1.7885 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\mathcal {R}_{0}^{2}=1.0741$\end{document}R02=1.0741, respectively. Optimal control strategy for further control is designed and proved well. An intuitionistic comparison between the optimal control strategy and the current control strategy is given. Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment of TB in China have been promoted a lot and the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\mathcal {R}_{0}$\end{document}R0 is reduced by the full coverage of DOTS strategy. However, the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\mathcal {R}_{0}$\end{document}R0 in China is still greater than 1 now. The relationship between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\mathcal {R}_{0}$\end{document}R0 and vaccination strategy is shown. Optimal strategy aiming at exposed and infected population is suggested for further control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1163, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yingjie Bi
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1163, Changchun, 130021, China.
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15
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Abdul IW, Ankamah S, Iddrisu AK, Danso E. Space-time analysis and mapping of prevalence rate of tuberculosis in Ghana. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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Gashaw KW, Kassa SM, Ouifki R. Climate-dependent malaria disease transmission model and its analysis. INT J BIOMATH 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524519500876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Malaria infection continues to be a major problem in many parts of the world including Africa. Environmental variables are known to significantly affect the population dynamics and abundance of insects, major catalysts of vector-borne diseases, but the exact extent and consequences of this sensitivity are not yet well established. To assess the impact of the variability in temperature and rainfall on the transmission dynamics of malaria in a population, we propose a model consisting of a system of non-autonomous deterministic equations that incorporate the effect of both temperature and rainfall to the dispersion and mortality rate of adult mosquitoes. The model has been validated using epidemiological data collected from the western region of Ethiopia by considering the trends for the cases of malaria and the climate variation in the region. Further, a mathematical analysis is performed to assess the impact of temperature and rainfall change on the transmission dynamics of the model. The periodic variation of seasonal variables as well as the non-periodic variation due to the long-term climate variation have been incorporated and analyzed. In both periodic and non-periodic cases, it has been shown that the disease-free solution of the model is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity in the periodic system and when the threshold function is less than unity in the non-periodic system. The disease is uniformly persistent when the basic reproduction ratio is greater than unity in the periodic system and when the threshold function is greater than unity in the non-periodic system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Semu Mitiku Kassa
- Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), P/Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Rachid Ouifki
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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17
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Delay effect and burden of weather-related tuberculosis cases in Rajshahi province, Bangladesh, 2007-2012. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12720. [PMID: 31481739 PMCID: PMC6722246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal infectious disease that continues to be a public health problem in Bangladesh. Each year in Bangladesh an estimated 70,000 people die of TB and 300,000 new cases are projected. It is important to understand the association between TB incidence and weather factors in Bangladesh in order to develop proper intervention programs. In this study, we examine the delayed effect of weather variables on TB occurrence and estimate the burden of the disease that can be attributed to weather factors. We used generalized linear Poisson regression models to investigate the association between weather factors and TB cases reported to the Bangladesh National TB control program between 2007 and 2012 in three known endemic districts of North-East Bangladesh. The associated risk of TB in the three districts increases with prolonged exposure to temperature and rainfall, and persisted at lag periods beyond 6 quarters. The association between humidity and TB is strong and immediate at low humidity, but the risk decreases with increasing lag. Using the optimum weather values corresponding to the lowest risk of infection, the risk of TB is highest at low temperature, low humidity and low rainfall. Measures of the risk attributable to weather variables revealed that weather-TB cases attributed to humidity is higher than that of temperature and rainfall in each of the three districts. Our results highlight the high linearity of temporal lagged effects and magnitudes of the burden attributable to temperature, humidity, and rainfall on TB endemics. The results can hopefully advise the Bangladesh National TB control program and act as a practical reference for the early warning of TB cases.
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18
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Nguyen A, Mahaffy J, Vaidya NK. Modeling transmission dynamics of lyme disease: Multiple vectors, seasonality, and vector mobility. Infect Dis Model 2019; 4:28-43. [PMID: 30997436 PMCID: PMC6453107 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in the United States, which humans acquire from an infected tick of the genus Ixodes (primarily Ixodes scapularis). While previous studies have provided useful insights into various aspects of Lyme disease, the tick's host preference in the presence of multiple hosts has not been considered in the existing models. In this study, we develop a transmission dynamics model that includes the interactions between the primary vectors involved: blacklegged ticks (I. scapularis), white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Our model shows that the presence of multiple vectors may have a significant impact on the dynamics and spread of Lyme disease. Based on our model, we also calculate the basic reproduction number, R 0 , a threshold value that predicts whether a disease exists or dies out. Subsequent extensions of the model consider seasonality of the tick's feeding period and mobility of deer between counties. Our results suggest that a longer tick peak feeding period results in a higher infection prevalence. Moreover, while the deer mobility may not be a primary factor for short-term emergence of Lyme disease epidemics, in the long-run it can significantly contribute to local infectiousness in neighboring counties, which eventually reach the endemic steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Nguyen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, California, 92182, USA
| | - Joseph Mahaffy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, California, 92182, USA
| | - Naveen K Vaidya
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, California, 92182, USA.,Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, California, 92182, USA.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, California, 92182, USA
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19
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Guo Z, Xiao D, Wang X, Wang Y, Yan T. Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in mainland China from 2004 to 2015: a model-based analysis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:219. [PMID: 30791954 PMCID: PMC6383277 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used data released by the government to analyze the epidemiological distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis in mainland China from 2004 to 2015, in order to provide a deeper understanding of trends in the epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis in China and a theoretical basis to assess the effectiveness of government interventions and develop more targeted prevention and control strategies. METHODS A discrete dynamic model was designed based on the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis and fitted to data published by the government to estimate changes in indicators such as adequate contact rate, prevalence of non-treated pulmonary tuberculosis (abbreviated as prevalence), and infection rate. Finally, we performed sensitivity analyses of the effects of parameters on the population infection rate. RESULTS The epidemiological features of pulmonary tuberculosis in China include a pattern of seasonal fluctuations, with the highest rates of infection in autumn and winter. The adequate contact rate has increased slightly from an average of 0.12/month in 2010 to an average of 0.21/month in 2015. The prevalence in the population has continued to decrease from 3.4% in early 2004 to 1.7% in late 2015. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection rate in the population decreased gradually from 42.3% at the beginning of 2004 to 36.7% at the end of 2015. The actual number of new infections gradually decreased from 1,300,000/year in 2010 to 1,100,000/year in 2015. The actual number of new patients each year has been relatively stable since 2010 and remains at approximately 2,600,000/year. CONCLUSIONS The population prevalence and the M. tuberculosis infection rate have decreased year by year since 2004, indicating that the tuberculosis epidemic in China has been effectively controlled. However, pulmonary tuberculosis has become increasingly contagious since 2010. China should focus on the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis during autumn and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuiyuan Guo
- Department of Disease Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Northern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, No. 119, South 4th Ring Road West, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Department of Disease Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Northern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- Department of Disease Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Northern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiecheng Yan
- Department of Disease Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Northern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang, China
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20
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Tuberculosis evolution and climate change: How much work is ahead? Acta Trop 2019; 190:157-158. [PMID: 30452890 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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21
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Li F, Zhao XQ. A periodic SEIRS epidemic model with a time-dependent latent period. J Math Biol 2019; 78:1553-1579. [PMID: 30607509 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-018-1319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many infectious diseases have seasonal trends and exhibit variable periods of peak seasonality. Understanding the population dynamics due to seasonal changes becomes very important for predicting and controlling disease transmission risks. In order to investigate the impact of time-dependent delays on disease control, we propose an SEIRS epidemic model with a periodic latent period. We introduce the basic reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] for this model and establish a threshold type result on its global dynamics in terms of [Formula: see text]. More precisely, we show that the disease-free periodic solution is globally attractive if [Formula: see text]; while the system admits a positive periodic solution and the disease is uniformly persistent if [Formula: see text]. Numerical simulations are also carried out to illustrate the analytic results. In addition, we find that the use of the temporal average of the periodic delay may underestimate or overestimate the real value of [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiang Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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22
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Zhang J, Jin Z, Yuan Y. Assessing the spread of foot and mouth disease in mainland China by dynamical switching model. J Theor Biol 2019; 460:209-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Aryee G, Kwarteng E, Essuman R, Nkansa Agyei A, Kudzawu S, Djagbletey R, Owusu Darkwa E, Forson A. Estimating the incidence of tuberculosis cases reported at a tertiary hospital in Ghana: a time series model approach. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1292. [PMID: 30477460 PMCID: PMC6258486 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) differs among countries and contributes to morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries. Trends and seasonal changes in the number of patients presenting with TB have been studied worldwide including sub-Saharan Africa. However, these changes are unknown at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). The aim of this study was to obtain a time series model to estimate the incidence of TB cases at the chest clinic of the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital. Methods A time series analysis using a Box-Jenkins approach propounded as an autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) was conducted on the monthly TB cases reported at the KBTH from 2008 to 2017. Various models were stated and compared and the best was found to be based on the Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion. Results There was no evidence of obvious increasing or decreasing trend in the TB data. The log-transformed of the data achieved stationarity with fairly stable variations around the mean of the series. ARIMA (1, 0, 1) or ARMA (1,1) was obtained as the best model. The monthly forecasted values of the best model ranged from 53 to 55 for the year 2018; however, the best model does not always produce the best results with respect to the mean absolute and mean square errors. Conclusions Irregular fluctuations were observed in the 10 -year data studied. The model equation to estimate the expected monthly TB cases at KBTH produced an AR coefficient of 0.971 plus an MA coefficient of − 0.826 with a constant value of 4.127. The result is important for developing a hypothesis to explain the dynamics of TB occurrence so as to outline prevention programmes, optimal use of resources and effective service delivery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6221-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Aryee
- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Ernest Kwarteng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Raymond Essuman
- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Adwoa Nkansa Agyei
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kudzawu
- Department of Chest and Infectious Diseases, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert Djagbletey
- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Owusu Darkwa
- Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Audrey Forson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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24
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Lolika PO, Modnak C, Mushayabasa S. On the dynamics of brucellosis infection in bison population with vertical transmission and culling. Math Biosci 2018; 305:42-54. [PMID: 30138637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new mathematical modeling framework that seek to improve our quantitative understanding of the influence of chronic brucellosis and culling control on brucellosis dynamics in periodic and non-periodic environments. We conduct both epidemic and endemic analysis, with a focus on the threshold dynamics characterized by the basic reproduction numbers. In addition, we also perform an optimal control study to explore optimal culling strategy in periodic and non-periodic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paride O Lolika
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Mathematics, University of Juba, P.O. Box 82 Juba, Central Equatoria, South Sudan
| | - Chairat Modnak
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Steady Mushayabasa
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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25
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Quantifying TB transmission: a systematic review of reproduction number and serial interval estimates for tuberculosis. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1478-1494. [PMID: 29970199 PMCID: PMC6092233 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading global infectious cause of death. Understanding TB transmission is critical to creating policies and monitoring the disease with the end goal of TB elimination. To our knowledge, there has been no systematic review of key transmission parameters for TB. We carried out a systematic review of the published literature to identify studies estimating either of the two key TB transmission parameters: the serial interval (SI) and the reproductive number. We identified five publications that estimated the SI and 56 publications that estimated the reproductive number. The SI estimates from four studies were: 0.57, 1.42, 1.44 and 1.65 years; the fifth paper presented age-specific estimates ranging from 20 to 30 years (for infants <1 year old) to <5 years (for adults). The reproductive number estimates ranged from 0.24 in the Netherlands (during 1933-2007) to 4.3 in China in 2012. We found a limited number of publications and many high TB burden settings were not represented. Certain features of TB dynamics, such as slow transmission, complicated parameter estimation, require novel methods. Additional efforts to estimate these parameters for TB are needed so that we can monitor and evaluate interventions designed to achieve TB elimination.
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26
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Xu C, Wei X, Cui J, Wang X, Xu D. Mixing in regional-structure model about the influence of floating population and optimal control about TB in Guangdong province of China. INT J BIOMATH 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524517501066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last 60 years, great progress has been made in controlling and preventing tuberculosis in China. However, the number of tuberculosis cases has increased dramatically in the last 25 years, mainly due to the lack of effective control measures of immigrating populations with tuberculosis. In order to explore the effective control and prevention measures we propose a deterministic model to study the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in Guangdong province of China in this paper. The model consists of susceptible, exposed and infectious recovered subpopulations of immigrating populations from other provinces and the local population of Guangdong. We obtain the effective reproduction number. Based on the analysis, we also establish an optimal immune programming model, and get the optimal proportion of vaccine coverage with control of the effective reproduction number. Simulation is used to determine the validation and reliability. Our study demonstrates that the immigrating population from different provinces needs to be vaccinated according to the incidence rate of TB in their original provinces, and it is an effective way to prevent the outbreak of tuberculosis in Guangdong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Xu
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wei
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jingan Cui
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Dashun Xu
- Mathematics Department, Southern Illinois University of Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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27
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Zhao Y, Li M, Yuan S. Analysis of Transmission and Control of Tuberculosis in Mainland China, 2005-2016, Based on the Age-Structure Mathematical Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101192. [PMID: 28991169 PMCID: PMC5664693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an air-borne infectious disease, is a major public-health problem in China. The reported number of the active tuberculosis cases is about one million each year. The morbidity data for 2005–2012 reflect that the difference in morbidity based on age group is significant, thus the role of age-structure on the transmission of TB needs to be further developed. In this work, based on the reported data and the observed morbidity characteristics, we propose a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) epidemic model with age groupings, involving three categories: children, the middle-aged, and senior to investigate the role of age on the transmission of tuberculosis in Mainland China from 2005 to 2016. Then, we evaluated the parameters by the Least Square method and simulated the model and it had good alignment with the reported infected TB data in Mainland China. Furthermore, we estimated the basic reproduction number R0 of 1.7858, with an obtained 95% confidence interval for R0 of (1.7752,1.7963) by Latin hypercube sampling, and we completed a sensitivity analysis of R0 in terms of some parameters. Our study demonstrates that diverse age groups have different effects on TB. Two effective measures were found that would help reach the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy: an increase in the recovery rate and the reduction in the infectious rate of the senior age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, Ningxia, China.
| | - Mingtao Li
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Sanling Yuan
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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28
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Suen SC, Brandeau ML, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD. Optimal timing of drug sensitivity testing for patients on first-line tuberculosis treatment. Health Care Manag Sci 2017; 21:632-646. [PMID: 28861650 DOI: 10.1007/s10729-017-9416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment for tuberculosis (TB) patients on first-line treatment involves triaging those with drug-resistant (DR) TB to appropriate treatment alternatives. Patients likely to have DR TB are identified using results from repeated inexpensive sputum-smear (SS) tests and expensive but definitive drug sensitivity tests (DST). Early DST may lead to high costs and unnecessary testing; late DST may lead to poor health outcomes and disease transmission. We use a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) framework to determine optimal DST timing. We develop policy-relevant structural properties of the POMDP model. We apply our model to TB in India to identify the patterns of SS test results that should prompt DST if transmission costs remain at status-quo levels. Unlike previous analyses of personalized treatment policies, we take a societal perspective and consider the effects of disease transmission. The inclusion of such effects can significantly alter the optimal policy. We find that an optimal DST policy could save India approximately $1.9 billion annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Chuan Suen
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA.
| | - Margaret L Brandeau
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Goldhaber-Fiebert
- Stanford Health Policy, Centers for Health Policy and Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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29
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Liu S, Li Y, Bi Y, Huang Q. Mixed vaccination strategy for the control of tuberculosis: A case study in China. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2017; 14:695-708. [PMID: 28092959 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2017039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study first presents a mathematical model of TB transmission considering BCG vaccination compartment to investigate the transmission dynamics nowadays. Based on data reported by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the basic reproduction number is estimated approximately as R0=1.1892. To reach the new End TB goal raised by WHO in 2015, considering the health system in China, we design a mixed vaccination strategy. Theoretical analysis indicates that the infectious population asymptotically tends to zero with the new vaccination strategy which is the combination of constant vaccination and pulse vaccination. We obtain that the control of TB is quicker to achieve with the mixed vaccination. The new strategy can make the best of current constant vaccination, and the periodic routine health examination provides an operable environment for implementing pulse vaccination in China. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the theoretical results and help to design the final mixed vaccination strategy once the new vaccine comes out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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30
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Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) spreading from rodent to human beings is a major public health problem in China, which causes high mortality rate. Data obtained from the China Ministry of Health shows that cases of HFRS in China exhibited monthly periodic outbreak. To well reveal the mechanisms about the outbreak of HFRS, we established a dynamical model to explain the periodic behaviors of HFRS in China. We obtained the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text], analyzed the dynamical behavior of the model, and used the model to fit the monthly data of HFRS cases. Our results demonstrated that periodic transmission rates and rodent periodic birth rate of HFRS in China can give rise to the periodic outbreak of HFRS, hence providing insights into taking measures to control HFRS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- LI LI
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
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31
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Narula P, Piratla V, Bansal A, Azad S, Lio P. Parameter estimation of tuberculosis transmission model using Ensemble Kalman filter across Indian states and union territories. Infect Dis Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Bowong S, Mountaga L, Bah A, Tewa JJ, Kurths J. Parameter and state estimation in a Neisseria meningitidis model: A study case of Niger. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:123115. [PMID: 28039983 DOI: 10.1063/1.4971783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a major cause of bacterial meningitidis outbreaks in Africa and the Middle East. The availability of yearly reported meningitis cases in the African meningitis belt offers the opportunity to analyze the transmission dynamics and the impact of control strategies. In this paper, we propose a method for the estimation of state variables that are not accessible to measurements and an unknown parameter in a Nm model. We suppose that the yearly number of Nm induced mortality and the total population are known inputs, which can be obtained from data, and the yearly number of new Nm cases is the model output. We also suppose that the Nm transmission rate is an unknown parameter. We first show how the recruitment rate into the population can be estimated using real data of the total population and Nm induced mortality. Then, we use an auxiliary system called observer whose solutions converge exponentially to those of the original model. This observer does not use the unknown infection transmission rate but only uses the known inputs and the model output. This allows us to estimate unmeasured state variables such as the number of carriers that play an important role in the transmission of the infection and the total number of infected individuals within a human community. Finally, we also provide a simple method to estimate the unknown Nm transmission rate. In order to validate the estimation results, numerical simulations are conducted using real data of Niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bowong
- Laboratory of Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157 Douala, Cameroon
| | - L Mountaga
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technic, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A Bah
- UMI 209 IRD and UPMC UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - J J Tewa
- UMI 209 IRD and UPMC UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - J Kurths
- Postdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg A 31, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
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33
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Modelling Seasonal Brucellosis Epidemics in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, China, 2010-2014. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5103718. [PMID: 27872852 PMCID: PMC5107254 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the severe public health problems; the cumulative number of new human brucellosis cases reached 211515 from 2010 to 2014 in China. Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture is situated in the southeast of Xinjiang, where brucellosis infection occurs every year. Based on the reported data of newly acute human brucellosis cases for each season in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, we proposed a susceptible, exposed, infected, and vaccinated (SEIV) model with periodic transmission rates to investigate the seasonal brucellosis transmission dynamics among sheep/cattle and from sheep/cattle to humans. Compared with the criteria of MAPE and RMSPE, the model simulations agree to the data on newly acute human brucellosis. We predict that the number of newly acute human brucellosis is increasing and will peak 15325 [95% CI: 11920-18242] around the summer of 2023. We also estimate the basic reproduction number R0 = 2.5524 [95% CI: 2.5129-2.6225] and perform some sensitivity analysis of the newly acute human brucellosis cases and the basic reproduction number R0 in terms of model parameters. Our study demonstrates that reducing the birth number of sheep/cattle, raising the slaughter rate of infected sheep/cattle, increasing the vaccination rate of susceptible sheep/cattle, and decreasing the loss rate of vaccination are effective strategies to control brucellosis epidemic.
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A Dynamic Model of Human and Livestock Tuberculosis Spread and Control in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3410320. [PMID: 27525034 PMCID: PMC4976259 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3410320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We establish a dynamical model for tuberculosis of humans and cows. For the model, we firstly give the basic reproduction number R0. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamical behaviors of the model. By epidemiological investigation of tuberculosis among humans and livestock from 2007 to 2014 in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, we estimate the parameters of the model and study the transmission trend of the disease in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. The reproduction number in Urumqi for the model is estimated to be 0.1811 (95% confidence interval: 0.123–0.281). Finally, we perform some sensitivity analysis of several model parameters and give some useful comments on controlling the transmission of tuberculosis.
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Seasonality Impact on the Transmission Dynamics of Tuberculosis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8713924. [PMID: 27042199 PMCID: PMC4793104 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8713924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The statistical data of monthly pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) incidence cases from January 2004 to December 2012 show the seasonality fluctuations in Shaanxi of China. A seasonality TB epidemic model with periodic varying contact rate, reactivation rate, and disease-induced death rate is proposed to explore the impact of seasonality on the transmission dynamics of TB. Simulations show that the basic reproduction number of time-averaged autonomous systems may underestimate or overestimate infection risks in some cases, which may be up to the value of period. The basic reproduction number of the seasonality model is appropriately given, which determines the extinction and uniform persistence of TB disease. If it is less than one, then the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; if it is greater than one, the system at least has a positive periodic solution and the disease will persist. Moreover, numerical simulations demonstrate these theorem results.
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36
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Modeling and analysis of a temperature-driven outbreak of waterfowl disease in the Upper Mississippi River. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Narula P, Azad S, Lio P. Bayesian Melding Approach to Estimate the Reproduction Number for Tuberculosis Transmission in Indian States and Union Territories. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 27:723-32. [PMID: 26182939 DOI: 10.1177/1010539515595068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases and a leading cause of death in the world. Despite the full implementation of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, the disease continues to be a leading cause of morality and economic burden in India. The basic reproduction is a fundamental key parameter that quantifies the spread of a disease. In this article, we present a Bayesian melding approach to estimate the basic reproduction number using a deterministic model of TB. We present a point estimate of the basic reproduction number of 35 states and union territories of India during 2006 to 2011. The basic reproduction number of TB for India is computed to be 0.92, which indicates the slow elimination of TB in India during 2006 to 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarita Azad
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
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38
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Narula P, Sihota P, Azad S, Lio P. Analyzing seasonality of tuberculosis across Indian states and union territories. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2015; 5:337-46. [PMID: 25795541 PMCID: PMC7320495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant seasonal variation in tuberculosis (TB) is observed in north India during 2006-2011, particularly in states like Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. To quantify the seasonal variation, we measure average amplitude (peak to trough distance) across seasons in smear positive cases of TB and observe that it is maximum for Himachal Pradesh (40.01%) and minimum for Maharashtra (3.87%). In north India, smear positive cases peak in second quarter (April-June) and reach a trough in fourth quarter (October-December), however low seasonal variation is observed in southern region of the country. The significant correlations as 0.64 (p-value<0.001), 0.54 (p-value<0.01) and 0.42 (p-value<0.05) are observed between minimum temperature and seasonality of TB at lag-1 in north, central and northeast India respectively. However, in south India, this correlation is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Narula
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Praveer Sihota
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sarita Azad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Pietro Lio
- Computer Laboratory, William Gates Building 15, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FD, University of Cambridge, UK
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39
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Gao D, Lou Y, Ruan S. A PERIODIC ROSS-MACDONALD MODEL IN A PATCHY ENVIRONMENT. DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS. SERIES B 2014; 19:3133-3145. [PMID: 25473381 PMCID: PMC4244283 DOI: 10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on the classical Ross-Macdonald model, in this paper we propose a periodic malaria model to incorporate the effects of temporal and spatial heterogeneity on disease transmission. The temporal heterogeneity is described by assuming that some model coefficients are time-periodic, while the spatial heterogeneity is modeled by using a multi-patch structure and assuming that individuals travel among patches. We calculate the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] and show that either the disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text] or the positive periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text]. Numerical simulations are conducted to confirm the analytical results and explore the effect of travel control on the disease prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozhou Gao
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yijun Lou
- Department of Applied Mathematics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shigui Ruan
- Department of Mathematics University of Miami Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA
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40
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Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang X. Mathematical modeling of tuberculosis data of China. J Theor Biol 2014; 365:159-63. [PMID: 25451959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper concentrates on the tuberculosis data of China from January 2005 to December 2012. We set up a mathematical model to fit those data with the goodness of fit and obtain the optimal parameter values of the model. By the Chi-square test of the statistical inference, the optimal parameter values of the model are reasonable. We get the effective reproductive number of the disease for each year, and also investigate the preventive measures to control the tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yong Li
- School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xinan Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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41
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Positive periodic solutions of an epidemic model with seasonality. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:470646. [PMID: 24319369 PMCID: PMC3844175 DOI: 10.1155/2013/470646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An SEI autonomous model with logistic growth rate and its corresponding nonautonomous model are investigated. For the autonomous case, we give the attractive regions of equilibria and perform some numerical simulations. Basic demographic reproduction number Rd is obtained. Moreover, only the basic reproduction number R0 cannot ensure the existence of the positive equilibrium, which needs additional condition Rd > R1. For the nonautonomous case, by introducing the basic reproduction number defined by the spectral radius, we study the uniform persistence and extinction of the disease. The results show that for the periodic system the basic reproduction number is more accurate than the average reproduction number.
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42
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A Bovine Babesiosis Model with Dispersion. Bull Math Biol 2013; 76:98-135. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-013-9912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Oraby T, Vasilyeva O, Krewski D, Lutscher F. Modeling seasonal behavior changes and disease transmission with application to chronic wasting disease. J Theor Biol 2013; 340:50-9. [PMID: 24035840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Behavior and habitat of wildlife animals change seasonally according to environmental conditions. Mathematical models need to represent this seasonality to be able to make realistic predictions about the future of a population and the effectiveness of human interventions. Managing and modeling disease in wild animal populations requires particular care in that disease transmission dynamics is a critical consideration in the etiology of both human and animal diseases, with different transmission paradigms requiring different disease risk management strategies. Since transmission of infectious diseases among wildlife depends strongly on social behavior, mechanisms of disease transmission could also change seasonally. A specific consideration in this regard confronted by modellers is whether the contact rate between individuals is density-dependent or frequency-dependent. We argue that seasonal behavior changes could lead to a seasonal shift between density and frequency dependence. This hypothesis is explored in the case of chronic wasting disease (CWD), a fatal disease that affects deer, elk and moose in many areas of North America. Specifically, we introduce a strategic CWD risk model based on direct disease transmission that accounts for the seasonal change in the transmission dynamics and habitats occupied, guided by information derived from cervid ecology. The model is composed of summer and winter susceptible-infected (SI) equations, with frequency-dependent and density-dependent transmission dynamics, respectively. The model includes impulsive birth events with density-dependent birth rate. We determine the basic reproduction number as a weighted average of two seasonal reproduction numbers. We parameterize the model from data derived from the scientific literature on CWD and deer ecology, and conduct global and local sensitivity analyses of the basic reproduction number. We explore the effectiveness of different culling strategies for the management of CWD: although summer culling seems to be an effective disease eradication strategy, the total culling rate is limited by the requirement to preserve the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Oraby
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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44
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Li XX, Wang LX, Zhang H, Du X, Jiang SW, Shen T, Zhang YP, Zeng G. Seasonal variations in notification of active tuberculosis cases in China, 2005-2012. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68102. [PMID: 23874512 PMCID: PMC3707966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although seasonal variation in tuberculosis (TB) incidence has been described in many countries, it remains unknown in China. Methods A time series decomposition analysis (X-12-ARIMA) was performed to examine the seasonal variation in active TB cases nationwide from 2005 through 2012 in China. Seasonal amplitude was calculated for the evaluation of TB seasonal variation. Results A total of 7.78 million active TB cases were reported over a period of 8 years. A spring peak (April) was observed with seasonal amplitude of 46.3%, compared with the winter trough (February). Most cases in provinces with subtropical and tropical monsoon climate showed lower amplitudes than those in temperate continental, plateau and mountain climate regions. The magnitude of seasonality varied inversely with annual average temperature, r (95% CI) = -0.71 (-0.79, -0.61). The seasonal amplitudes were 56.7, 60.5, 40.6, 46.4 and 50.9% for patients aged ≤14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–64, and ≥65 years, respectively. Students demonstrated greater seasonal amplitude than peasants, migrant workers and workers (115.3% vs. 43.5, 41.6 and 48.1%). Patients with pulmonary TB had lower amplitude compared to patients with pleural and other extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) (45.9% vs. 52.0 and 56.3%). Relapse cases with sputum smear positive TB (SS+ TB) had significantly higher seasonal amplitude compared to new cases with sputum smear positive TB (52.2% vs. 41.6%). Conclusions TB is a seasonal disease in China. The peak and trough of TB transmission actually are in winter and in autumn respectively after factors of delay are removed. Higher amplitudes of TB seasonality are more likely to happen in temperate continental, plateau and mountain climate regions and regions with lower annual average temperature, and young person, students, patients with EPTB and relapse cases with SS+ TB are more likely to be affected by TB seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xu Li
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Du
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Shen
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
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45
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Seasonal dynamics of tuberculosis epidemics and implications for multidrug-resistant infection risk assessment. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 142:358-70. [PMID: 23676258 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how seasonality shapes the dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) is essential in determining risks of transmission and drug resistance in (sub)tropical regions. We developed a relative fitness-based multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB model incorporated with seasonality and a probabilistic assessment model to assess infection risk in Taiwan regions. The model accurately captures the seasonal transmission and population dynamics of TB incidence during 2006-2008 and MDR TB in high TB burden areas during 2006-2010 in Taiwan. There is ~3% probability of having exceeded 50% of the population infected attributed to MDR TB. Our model not only provides insight into the understanding of the interactions between seasonal dynamics of TB and environmental factors but is also capable of predicting the seasonal patterns of TB incidence associated with MDR TB infection risk. A better understanding of the mechanisms of TB seasonality will be critical in predicting the impact of public control programmes.
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46
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Wang Z, Zhao XQ. A Within-Host Virus Model with Periodic Multidrug Therapy. Bull Math Biol 2013; 75:543-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-013-9820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Xiao Y, Xu X, Tang S. Sliding mode control of outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. Bull Math Biol 2012; 74:2403-22. [PMID: 22836868 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-012-9758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes and analyzes a mathematical model of an infectious disease system with a piecewise control function concerning threshold policy for disease management strategy. The proposed models extend the classic models by including a piecewise incidence rate to represent control or precautionary measures being triggered once the number of infected individuals exceeds a threshold level. The long-term behaviour of the proposed non-smooth system under this strategy consists of the so-called sliding motion-a very rapid switching between application and interruption of the control action. Model solutions ultimately approach either one of two endemic states for two structures or the sliding equilibrium on the switching surface, depending on the threshold level. Our findings suggest that proper combinations of threshold densities and control intensities based on threshold policy can either preclude outbreaks or lead the number of infected to a previously chosen level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xiao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, PR China
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48
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Santos LG, Pires GN, Azeredo Bittencourt LR, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Chronobiology: Relevance for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2012; 92:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Zhang J, Jin Z, Sun GQ, Sun XD, Ruan S. Modeling seasonal rabies epidemics in China. Bull Math Biol 2012; 74:1226-51. [PMID: 22383117 PMCID: PMC7089220 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-012-9720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human rabies, an infection of the nervous system, is a major public-health problem in China. In the last 60 years (1950–2010) there had been 124,255 reported human rabies cases, an average of 2,037 cases per year. However, the factors and mechanisms behind the persistence and prevalence of human rabies have not become well understood. The monthly data of human rabies cases reported by the Chinese Ministry of Health exhibits a periodic pattern on an annual base. The cases in the summer and autumn are significantly higher than in the spring and winter. Based on this observation, we propose a susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered (SEIRS) model with periodic transmission rates to investigate the seasonal rabies epidemics. We evaluate the basic reproduction number R0, analyze the dynamical behavior of the model, and use the model to simulate the monthly data of human rabies cases reported by the Chinese Ministry of Health. We also carry out some sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number R0 in terms of various model parameters. Moreover, we demonstrate that it is more reasonable to regard R0 rather than the average basic reproduction number \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\hat{R}_{0}$\end{document} of the corresponding autonomous system as a threshold for the disease. Finally, our studies show that human rabies in China can be controlled by reducing the birth rate of dogs, increasing the immunization rate of dogs, enhancing public education and awareness about rabies, and strengthening supervision of pupils and children in the summer and autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shan'xi, People's Republic of China
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50
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Liao CM, Hsieh NH, Huang TL, Cheng YH, Lin YJ, Chio CP, Chen SC, Ling MP. Assessing trends and predictors of tuberculosis in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:29. [PMID: 22236209 PMCID: PMC3285518 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variety of environmental and individual factors can cause tuberculosis (TB) incidence change. The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics of TB trends in the period 2004 - 2008 in Taiwan by month, year, gender, age, temperature, seasonality, and aborigines. METHODS The generalized regression models were used to examine the potential predictors for the monthly TB incidence in regional and national scales. RESULTS We found that (i) in Taiwan the average TB incidence was 68 per 100,000 population with mortality rate of 0.036 person-1 yr-1, (ii) the highest TB incidence rate was found in eastern Taiwan (116 per 100,000 population) with the largest proportion of TB relapse cases (8.17%), (iii) seasonality, aborigines, gender, and age had a consistent and dominant role in constructing TB incidence patterns in Taiwan, and (iv) gender, time trend, and 2-month lag maximum temperature showed strong association with TB trends in aboriginal subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS The proposed Poisson regression model is capable of forecasting patterns of TB incidence at regional and national scales. This study suggested that assessment of TB trends in eastern Taiwan presents an important opportunity for understanding the time-series dynamics and control of TB infections, given that this is the typical host demography in regions where these infections remain major public health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China.
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