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Bixby SD, d'Hemecourt P. Athletic pubalgia in pediatric athletes: implications of the unfused pubic physis on diagnosis and outcome. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:1281-1283. [PMID: 38777882 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Bixby
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Main 2, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Pierre d'Hemecourt
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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2
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Bedoya MA, Jaramillo D, Iwasaka-Neder J, Laor T. Stressed or fractured: MRI differentiating indicators of physeal injury. Skeletal Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00256-024-04670-y. [PMID: 38557698 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify MRI findings that can indicate chronic physeal stress injury and differentiate it from acute Salter-Harris (SH) fracture of the pediatric knee or wrist. METHODS IRB-approved retrospective study of consecutively selected knee and wrist MRIs from 32 athletes with chronic physeal stress injury and 30 children with acute SH fracture. MRI characteristics (physeal patency, physeal thickening, physeal signal intensity (SI), continuity of the zone of provisional calcification (ZPC), integrity of the periosteum and/or perichondrium, pattern of periphyseal and soft tissue edema signal, and joint effusion) were compared. RESULTS Forty-eight chronic physeal stress injuries (mean age 13.1 years [8.2-17.5 years]) and 35 SH fractures (mean age 13.3 years [5.1-16.0 years]) were included. Any physeal thickening was more common with chronic stress injury (98% vs 77%, p = 0.003). Abnormal physeal SI was more common with SH fractures (91% vs 67%, p = 0.008). ZPC discontinuity strongly suggested chronic stress injury (79% vs 49%, p < 0.004). Periosteal and/or perichondrial elevation or rupture and soft tissue edema characterized most of the acute SH fractures (p < 0.001) and were seen only in 1 chronic stress injury (< 2%). While periphyseal edema was not significantly different in the two groups (p = 0.890), a joint effusion was associated with acute SH fracture (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Chronic physeal stress injury of the pediatric knee and wrist shows higher incidence of ZPC discontinuity and focal physeal thickening compared to SH fracture, reflecting disruption in normal endochondral ossification. However, these findings can overlap in the 2 groups. Periosteal and/or perichondrial injury, soft tissue edema signal, and joint effusion strongly suggest SH fracture and are rarely present with chronic stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandra Bedoya
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Diego Jaramillo
- Department of Radiology, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W. 168Th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jade Iwasaka-Neder
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tal Laor
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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3
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Žlak N, Krajnc Z, Merčun A, Drobnič M, Kacin A. The Coronal Alignment of Lower Limbs in the Adolescent Football and Ice Hockey Players. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:176-181. [PMID: 38312895 PMCID: PMC10831025 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Background To investigate the influence of sport-specific activities on coronal axial alignment of the lower limbs in adolescent football and ice hockey players. Methods This cross-sectional study targeted healthy adolescent male football and ice hockey players with at least 3 years of sports participation. 90 football and 38 ice hockey players aged 12-16 years were divided into five age-matched subgroups. Coronal alignment of the lower limbs was determined by measuring the players' intercondylar or intermalleolar (ICD-IMD) distance with a custom-made calliper. In addition, their sports history was recorded. An age-matched comparison between the two sports groups was performed using the two-way model ANOVA and a multiple regression model for ICD-IMD was constructed. Results were additionally compared with age-matched data from the general population published in recent literature. Results A statistically significant increase in ICD-IMD values (p < 0.05) was found between 12 (football 0 mm; ice hockey - 64 mm) and 16 years (football 340 mm; ice hockey 310 mm) in both sports groups. Results of regression analysis of pooled group data showed that ICD-IMD has low positive correlation (r = 0.407; r2 = 0.168; p < 0.05) with time of participation in sport, but no association with age of athletes at the start of their sport participation (r = - 0.018; r2 = 0.000; p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at any time point. Both sports groups showed a significant increase in ICD-IMD values (mean 198 mm) after the age of 14 compared to the general population. Conclusions Participation in football and ice hockey is associated with a similar increase in ICD-IMD in the adolescent years in male athletes. The observed increase was higher in both groups of athletes than in their peers who do not regularly participate in sports. Level of Evidence Level 4 (case series).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Žlak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška ulica 9, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zmago Krajnc
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aljaž Merčun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška ulica 9, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Drobnič
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška ulica 9, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alan Kacin
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Rosenqvist L, Hebelka H, Baranto A, Brisby H, Lagerstrand K. Detailed MRI evaluation of the spine: a 2-year follow-up study of young individuals reporting different training doses. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 32:4145-4152. [PMID: 37815636 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the discs and vertebrae in detail over time in a group of adolescent individuals with varying training doses using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHOD Thirty-five students were recruited from regular high schools (n=13) as well as schools with athlete competitive skiing programmes (n = 22). The thoraco-lumbar spine of all individuals was examined at baseline and at 2-year follow-up using the same 1.5T scanner and imaging protocol. The individuals were grouped based on their reported training dose: low-to-normal training dose (≤5 h/week, n = 11, mean age 16.5 ± 0.5 years) and high training dose (>5 h/week, n = 24, mean age 17.2 ± 0.6 years.) RESULTS: At baseline, the signal intensity in the discs and vertebrae were significantly lower in individuals reporting high compared to low-to-normal training dose. The vertebral signal changed significantly over the 2-year period in both groups. However, only individuals reporting low-to-normal training dose displayed an overall disc signal change. Interestingly, the regional analysis displayed at baseline high annular signals in the more training-active individuals followed by a reduction over the two-year period. CONCLUSION This study suggests that disc degeneration is manifested earlier in individuals reporting a higher training dose. Over a 2-year period, however, the degeneration process did not accelerate further. Also, a significant difference in the vertebral signal, at baseline and follow-up as well as over time, could be seen between groups of individuals reporting high versus low-to-normal training dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Rosenqvist
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Hebelka
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adad Baranto
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Brisby
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lagerstrand
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Leipman J, Shahriar R. Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Injuries Related to Individual and Team Sports: An Analysis of the NEISS Database Between 2017 and 2021. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231205317. [PMID: 37900862 PMCID: PMC10605701 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231205317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The first 2 years of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a profound effect on youth sports participation. Purpose The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth sports injury patterns, with a secondary aim of comparing organized team and individual sport-related injuries in diverse age groups. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was searched to identify injuries sustained by patients aged 11 to 23 years while playing organized team or individual sports from 2017 to 2021. We investigated reports of concussions, dislocations, fractures, and sprains/strains. Results Between 2017 and 2021, there were 58,721 and 3778 team and individual sport-related injuries, respectively. When compared with the prepandemic years, there was a 57.07% decrease in 2020 and 22.31% decrease in 2021 for the number of organized team sport-related injuries. Organized individual sport-related injuries had a 56.24% and 35.18% decrease in number in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Male patients were most likely to be injured in team sports (81.0%), and female patients were most likely to be injured in individual sports (67.1%). High school athletes sustained the majority of injuries in team (57.0%) and individual (51.2%) sports. The years 2020 and 2021 saw a decrease in proportion of sprains/strains and an increase in proportion of fractures. Conclusion The number of organized sport-related injuries reported to emergency departments decreased in 2020, and despite vaccinations and easing of social distancing, the 2021 value did not return to what it was prepandemic. As coronavirus-related restrictions have eased, there should be careful monitoring of sports injuries among youth athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Leipman
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rajin Shahriar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Futani H, Kawaguchi T, Sawai T, Tachibana T. Treatment Strategy of Fractured Osteochondroma in the Young Athlete's Knee. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113615. [PMID: 37297809 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of surgery versus observation in young athletes with fractured osteochondromas in the knee. The secondary aim was to evaluate displacement versus non-displacement fractures with regards to functional recovery. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in young athletes with fractures of osteochondromas in the knee. In the surgery group, resection of the osteochondromas was performed due to pain persisting at 4 weeks after injury. In contrast, patients with pain diminishing within 4 weeks after injury were observed without surgery. Displacement was defined as a gap widening of ≥1 mm between fragments, or translation of >50% of the distal fragment in relation to the proximal fragment. The time to return to the original sport was compared between groups. Results: The study sample was composed of 21 patients with a mean age of 12 years (range 9-16 years). There were 14 patients in the surgery group and 7 patients in the observation group. There were 10 patients (71%) with displacement and 4 patients (29%) with non-displacement fractures in the surgery group. Surgery was required more frequently in displacement than in non-displacement fracture patients (p = 0.01). The mean time to return to the original sport was 2.1 ± 1.1 and 7.2 ± 4.1 weeks in the surgery and observation groups, respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Surgical excision is preferable in a young athlete's knee presenting with displacement of fractured osteochondromas due to disabling symptoms and in order to allow them to return faster to original sports activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Futani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tachibana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Age and Sex Comparisons in Pediatric Track and Field Hurdle Injuries Seen in Emergency Departments of the US. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11030065. [PMID: 36976951 PMCID: PMC10052995 DOI: 10.3390/sports11030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited literature analyzing pediatric hurdle injuries based on sex and age. This study compares hurdle-related injury types, injured body parts, and injury mechanisms by age and sex in pediatrics. Hurdle-related injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were used to retrospectively review the injuries of hurdlers 18 years and under. Differences in injured body parts, injury types, and mechanisms were analyzed by age (pre-high school vs. high school) and sex (male vs. female). A total of 749 cases were extracted. Fractures were more common in pre-high schoolers (34.1% vs. 21.5%, p = 0.001), while more sprains were identified in high schoolers (29.6%) than pre-high schoolers (22.8%, p = 0.036). Males suffered more fractures than females (35.1% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.001). Females sustained more joint sprains (29.1% vs. 21.0%, p = 0.012) and contusions/hematomas (12.7% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.020). Ankle injuries were more common in females (24.0%) than males (12.0%, p = 0.001), while wrist injuries were more prevalent in males (11.7% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.034). The most common injury mechanism was apparatus-related, with no differences based on age or sex. Injury types and injured body parts differed depending on age and sex in pediatric hurdle injuries seen in emergency departments. These findings may be helpful for injury prevention and medical care for pediatric hurdlers.
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Schwarz-Bundy BD, Thater G, Appelhaus S, Schönberg SO, Weis M. [Sports injuries in children and adolescents]. RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 63:275-283. [PMID: 36811691 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE Due to active participation of children and adolescents in school sports as well as in club sports, sporting injuries in childhood are common. Because skeletal maturity is not yet complete, injury patterns in children differ from sporting injuries in adults. Knowledge of the pathophysiologic characteristics, as well as knowledge of typical injury sequelae, is of great relevance to radiologists. This review article therefore deals with common acute and chronic sporting injuries in children. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS Basic diagnostic imaging comprises conventional X‑ray imaging in two planes. In addition, sonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are used. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS Close consultation with clinical colleagues and knowledge of childhood-specific injuries help identify sports-associated trauma sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Schwarz-Bundy
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - G Thater
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - S Appelhaus
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - S O Schönberg
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - M Weis
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.
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Witwit WA, Hebelka H, Swärd Aminoff A, Abrahamson J, Todd C, Baranto A. No Significant Change in MRI Abnormalities or Back Pain Prevalence in the Thoraco-Lumbar Spine of Young Elite Skiers Over a 2-Year Follow-Up. Open Access J Sports Med 2022; 13:69-76. [PMID: 36003328 PMCID: PMC9394653 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s366548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young athletes are at increasing risk for spinal column injuries due to overloading the spine with excessive sports activities, with potential development of complications later in life. Purpose The purpose of this 2-year follow-up study of young elite skiers and non-athletes was to investigate any potential change in the thoraco-lumbar findings on MRI and to outline any change in back pain prevalence with continuing sporting activity and age. Study Design Longitudinal cross-sectional study. Methods MRI of the thoraco-lumbar spine was performed on 30 skiers (mean age 20 years, female 43%) and 16 non-athletes (mean age 19, female 75%), available for the 2-year follow-up. The intervertebral discs were evaluated for signal, height, bulge/herniation, and additionally according to Pfirrmann classification, and the endplates were graded according to endplate defect score. Any of the following disc findings was defined as disc degenerative change: reduced signal, reduced height, bulge, or herniation. All participants answered a specific back pain questionnaire. Results No significant difference in spinal column abnormalities, nor back pain, was found between baseline and 2-year follow-up in neither skiers nor controls. There was significantly higher prevalence of disc degenerative changes in skiers (73%) than in non-athletes (44%, p=0.05). Skiers (63%) had significantly more Pfirrmann grade ≥3 discs compared to non-athletes (25%) (p=0.03). There was no significant difference in number of endplates with score ≥4 between skiers and non-athletes (50% vs 38%, p=0.40) nor in lifetime prevalence of back pain between skiers (46%) and non-athletes (40%). Conclusion There was no significant change over time of the spinal column MRI abnormalities, nor back pain prevalence, during a 2-year follow-up of skiers and non-athletes. Young skiers had significantly higher prevalence of spine abnormalities compared with non-athletes. There was no significant difference of the back pain lifetime prevalence in skiers compared with non-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam A Witwit
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hanna Hebelka
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Swärd Aminoff
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefin Abrahamson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Todd
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adad Baranto
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Paek S, Mo M, Hogue G. Treatment of paediatric Lisfranc injuries: A systematic review and introduction of a novel treatment algorithm. J Child Orthop 2022; 16:198-207. [PMID: 35800659 PMCID: PMC9254024 DOI: 10.1177/18632521221092957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric Lisfranc injuries (PLI) are rare injuries that have few studies published about their occurrence and treatment in pediatric population. Due to this lack of information, the diagnostic criteria and surgical or non-surgical methods for treatment have not been clearly established within the pediatric orthopedic literature. The objective of this study was to review the published literature related to treatment options and develop a concise stepwise treatment algorithm for pediatric patients presenting with Lisfranc injuries. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed to find studies discussing the treatment of PLI with reported long-term outcomes. Data collection accounted for the mechanism of injury, diagnostic imaging modality used, injury type, fracture classification using the Myerson system, treatment method used, and postoperative complications. RESULTS An initial PubMed search revealed 290 articles, but only 10 studies fulfilled the criteria for in-depth review. A total of 114 patients were included in this review from the selected case reports and case series studies. Primary treatment methods were as follows: 44% (50/114) with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using Kirschner wires (K-wires) and/or screws, 3% (3/114) with closed reduction percutaneous fixation (CRPF), 4% (4/114) with suture-button constructs, 20% (23/114) with cast immobilization, and 29% (33/114) were described as not requiring reduction. CONCLUSION There were two main limitations to this study. First, there are few published studies with longitudinal outcomes of PLI treatment. Second, some case series did not disclose which procedure a patient with post-treatment complications underwent. Therefore, an overall statistical analysis of success and failure rates with associated complications of each procedure could not be conducted. In conclusion, we found that a stepwise approach to evaluating conservative and surgical treatment options based on the presentation of the PLI should be utilized to optimize long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Paek
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of
Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA,Samuel Paek, Geisinger Commonwealth School
of Medicine, 615 Clay Ave Apt 1, Scranton, PA 18510, USA.
| | - Michelle Mo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grant Hogue
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Yu HJ, Wadi L, Say I, Paganini-Hill A, Chow D, Jafari AH, Farhan SD, Del Sol SR, Mobayed O, Alvarez A, Hasso A, Li SS, Do H, Berkeley D, Lee YP, Su LMY, Rosen C, Fisher M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in High School Football Players: Brain and Cervical Spine. Neurotrauma Rep 2022; 3:129-138. [PMID: 35403100 PMCID: PMC8985528 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Football exposes its players to traumatic brain, neck, and spinal injury. It is unknown whether the adolescent football player develops imaging abnormalities of the brain and spine that are detectable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The objective of this observational study was to identify potential MRI signatures of early brain and cervical spine (c-spine) injury in high school football players. Eighteen football players (mean age, 17.0 ± 1.5 years; mean career length, 6.3 ± 4.0 years) had a baseline brain MRI, and 7 had a follow-up scan 9–42 months later. C-spine MRIs were performed on 11 of the 18 subjects, and 5 had a follow-up scan. C-spine MRIs from 12 age-matched hospital controls were also retrospectively retrieved. Brain MRIs were reviewed by a neuroradiologist, and no cerebral microbleeds were detected. Three readers (a neuroradiologist, a neurosurgeon, and an orthopedic spine surgeon) studied the cervical intervertebral discs at six different cervical levels and graded degeneration using an established five-grade scoring system. We observed no statistically significant difference in disc degeneration or any trend toward increased disc degeneration in the c-spine of football players as compared with age-matched controls. Further research is needed to validate our findings and better understand the true impact of contact sports on young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon J. Yu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lara Wadi
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Irene Say
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Annlia Paganini-Hill
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniel Chow
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Saifal-Deen Farhan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shane Rayos Del Sol
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Osama Mobayed
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrew Alvarez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anton Hasso
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Scott Shunshan Li
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hung Do
- Canon Medical Systems USA, Tustin, California, USA
| | | | - Yu-Po Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lydia Min-Ying Su
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Charles Rosen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mark Fisher
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Mingyu L, LiuYu, Gang J. APPLICATION OF CHEN YUANGAO IN THE TREATMENT OF SOFT TISSUE INJURY OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127022020_0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The treatment of soft tissue injury in football players generally includes physical therapy, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug treatment, surgical treatment and early rest immobilization. Western medicine treatment of soft tissue injury can quickly heal the wound and relieve pain in a short time. The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is based on the whole and must seek the root of the disease. It is believed that the occurrence of certain diseases is related to Qi, blood, liver and kidney deficiency, so we should pay attention to the overall adjustment during treatment of symptoms. In view of this, this study analyzed the effect of Chen Yuan ointment, from traditional Chinese medicine, in the treatment of soft tissue injury. Sixty-eight football players who completed ankle ligament reconstruction were divided into four groups according to the type of operation and whether Chen Yuangao-assisted rehabilitation was used or not. The results showed that the Ankle Hindfoot Function Score and the visual analog scale (VAS) score of patients in the fibula brevis tendon reconstruction Chen Yuan ointment group were 98.3 and 0.3, respectively, at the last follow-up, which were better than those in other groups, and had lower pain scores. This result shows that Chen Yuangao has a certain effect in the treatment of soft tissue injury, which can provide a research idea for the rapid rehabilitation of football players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - LiuYu
- East China Normal University, China
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13
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Weil N, Hemke R, Reurink G, Maas M. Imaging of Pediatric Lower Limb Sports Injuries. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2021; 25:123-136. [PMID: 34020473 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of physical activity during childhood and adolescence has come to light, with an increase in sports-related acute traumatic and overuse injuries as a major disadvantage. A solid understanding of the physiology of the growing skeleton, together with knowledge about age- and sex-related differences in the occurrence of acute traumatic and overuse injuries is necessary. Every musculoskeletal radiologist should also be familiar with the appearances of these injuries on different imaging modalities. This review focuses on all these aspects concerning acute traumatic and overuse injuries among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Weil
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Hemke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guus Reurink
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Lagerstrand K, Baranto A, Hebelka H. Different disc characteristics between young elite skiers with diverse training histories revealed with a novel quantitative magnetic resonance imaging method. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021; 30:2082-2089. [PMID: 34013394 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-06869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if there are differences in thoraco-lumbar disc characteristics between elite skiers and non-athletic controls as well as between different types of elite skiers, with diverse training histories, using a novel quantitative MRI method. METHODS The thoraco-lumbar spine of 58 elite skiers (age = 18.2 ± 1.1 years, 30 males) and 26 normally active controls (age = 16.4 ± 0.6 years, 9 males) was examined using T2w-MRI. Disc characteristics were compared quantitatively between groups using histogram and regional image analyses to determine delta peak and T2-values in five sub-regions. RESULTS A statistical difference in the delta peak value was found between skiers and controls (p <0.001), reflecting higher degree of disc degeneration. The histogram analysis also revealed that the type of training determines where and to what extent the changes occur. Alpine skiers displayed lumbar changes, while mogul skiers displayed changes also in the thoracic spine. Alpine skiers with diverse training dose differed in delta peak value (p = 0.005), where skiers with highest training dose displayed less changes. Regional T2-value differences were found in skiers with divergent training histories (p <0.05), reflecting differences in disc degeneration patterns, foremost within the dorsal annulus. CONCLUSION Differences in quantitative disc characteristics were found not only between elite skiers and non-athletic controls but also between subgroups of elite skiers with diverse training histories. The differences in the disc measures, reflecting tissue degradation, are likely related to type and intensity of the physical training. Future studies are encouraged to explore the relation between disc functionality, training history and pain to establish adequate prevention and rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lagerstrand
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Physics and Techniques, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - A Baranto
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Hebelka
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine CrossFit-related injuries based on sex and age. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING A tertiary-level pediatric sports medicine clinic. PARTICIPANTS CrossFit athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CrossFit-related injuries by sex (males vs females) and age groups (≤19 years vs >19 years) using a χ analysis with P = 0.05, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Among injured CrossFit athletes, female athletes sustained lower extremity injuries more frequently than male athletes (P = 0.011; OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.25-5.65). In observed CrossFit injuries, shoulder injuries were more frequently observed in male athletes compared with female athletes (P = 0.049; OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 0.98-7.95). Additionally, a greater proportion of CrossFit athletes aged 19 years and younger suffered trunk/spine injuries than those older than 19 years (P = 0.027; OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.10-6.21) in injured CrossFit athletes. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated sex- and age-specific susceptibility to CrossFit-related injuries based on body parts and diagnoses. The presented information may be useful to develop a safer exercise program, especially for pediatric and adolescent CrossFit participants.
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Witwit W, Thoreson O, Swärd Aminoff A, Todd C, Jonasson P, Laxdal G, Hebelka H, Baranto A. Young football players have significantly more spinal changes on MRI compared to non‐athletes. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Witwit
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Radiology St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital Pontiac Michigan
| | - Olof Thoreson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anna Swärd Aminoff
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Carl Todd
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Pàll Jonasson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Orkuhúsið Orthopedic Clinic Reykjavik Iceland
| | | | - Hanna Hebelka
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Radiology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Adad Baranto
- Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
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17
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Cassel M, Müller J, Moser O, Strempler ME, Reso J, Mayer F. Orthopedic Injury Profiles in Adolescent Elite Athletes: A Retrospective Analysis From a Sports Medicine Department. Front Physiol 2019; 10:544. [PMID: 31143127 PMCID: PMC6520583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to identify common orthopedic sports injury profiles in adolescent elite athletes with respect to age, sex, and anthropometrics. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 718 orthopedic presentations among 381 adolescent elite athletes from 16 different sports to a sports medical department was performed. Recorded data of history and clinical examination included area, cause and structure of acute and overuse injuries. Injury-events were analyzed in the whole cohort and stratified by age (11-14/15-17 years) and sex. Group differences were tested by chi-squared-tests. Logistic regression analysis was applied examining the influence of factors age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on the outcome variables area and structure (α = 0.05). Results: Higher proportions of injury-events were reported for females (60%) and athletes of the older age group (66%) than males and younger athletes. The most frequently injured area was the lower extremity (47%) followed by the spine (30.5%) and the upper extremity (12.5%). Acute injuries were mainly located at the lower extremity (74.5%), while overuse injuries were predominantly observed at the lower extremity (41%) as well as the spine (36.5%). Joints (34%), muscles (22%), and tendons (21.5%) were found to be the most often affected structures. The injured structures were different between the age groups (p = 0.022), with the older age group presenting three times more frequent with ligament pathology events (5.5%/2%) and less frequent with bony problems (11%/20.5%) than athletes of the younger age group. The injured area differed between the sexes (p = 0.005), with males having fewer spine injury-events (25.5%/34%) but more upper extremity injuries (18%/9%) than females. Regression analysis showed statistically significant influence for BMI (p = 0.002) and age (p = 0.015) on structure, whereas the area was significantly influenced by sex (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Events of soft-tissue overuse injuries are the most common reasons resulting in orthopedic presentations of adolescent elite athletes. Mostly, the lower extremity and the spine are affected, while sex and age characteristics on affected area and structure must be considered. Therefore, prevention strategies addressing the injury-event profiles should already be implemented in early adolescence taking age, sex as well as injury entity into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cassel
- Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juliane Müller
- Professorship for Physiotherapy, Exercise Science and Applied Biomechanics, Department of Computer Science - Therapy Sciences, Trier University of Applied Sciences, Trier, Germany
| | - Othmar Moser
- Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mares Elaine Strempler
- Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Judith Reso
- Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Yamaguchi S, Taketomi S, Funakoshi Y, Tsuchiya K, Akagi R, Kimura S, Sadamasu A, Ohtori S. Stress fracture of the second proximal phalanx of the foot in teenage athletes: Unrecognized location of stress fracture. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE ARTHROSCOPY REHABILITATION AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:12-16. [PMID: 29392111 PMCID: PMC5780280 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Adolescent athletes are a high-risk population for stress fractures. We report four cases of stress fractures of the second proximal phalanx, which had not been previously diagnosed as the location of the stress fracture of the foot, in teenage athletes. Case report All fractures were on the plantar side of the proximal phalangeal base, and the oblique images of the plain radiograph clearly depicted the fractures. Notably, three out of the four patients had histories of stress fracture of other locations. While three athletes with acute cases were able to make an early return to play with simple conservative management, the chronic case required surgical treatment for this rare injury. Conclusion Although a rare injury, it is important that clinicians be aware of this type of stress fracture, as a timely diagnosis can avoid the need for surgical treatment and allow an early return to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Collage of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.,"Socrates" Football Medicine Study Group in Kanto Region, Japan
| | - Shuji Taketomi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,"Socrates" Football Medicine Study Group in Kanto Region, Japan
| | - Yusei Funakoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Japan.,"Socrates" Football Medicine Study Group in Kanto Region, Japan
| | - Kan Tsuchiya
- Kitachiba Spine & Sports Clinic, Japan.,"Socrates" Football Medicine Study Group in Kanto Region, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Akagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.,"Socrates" Football Medicine Study Group in Kanto Region, Japan
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Aya Sadamasu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.,"Socrates" Football Medicine Study Group in Kanto Region, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Provide the reader with an evidence-based update on the importance of accurate diagnosis of commonly missed avulsion fractures of pelvis apophyses, the necessary imaging studies, the feared complications and the recent treatment recommendations. RECENT FINDINGS Accurate diagnosis of avulsion fractures of pelvis apophyses is high yield as misdiagnosis leads to improper treatment. They should be differentiated from muscle strain and apophysitis. These fractures are usually associated with good outcomes; however, missed diagnosis can lead to further displacement, nonunion, functional limitation, femoroacetabular impingement and infection. A/P and frog lateral pelvis radiograph show the fracture and its displacement in the majority of cases. Conservative treatment, consisting of a short period of rest and immobilization followed by passive stretching then progressive resisted activity before return to sports, is recommended in minimally displaced avulsions. Surgical treatment is favored in displaced fractures (>15 mm), as it is associated with quicker return to sports. SUMMARY Treating physicians should keep a high index of suspicion in pediatric and adolescent patients presenting with typical clinical exam findings. Pelvic Anteroposterior and frog leg radiographs are often diagnostic. Missed diagnosis can aggravate the prognosis of a usually benign condition. Adequate medical or surgical treatment should then be administered.
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20
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Witwit WA, Kovac P, Sward A, Agnvall C, Todd C, Thoreson O, Hebelka H, Baranto A. Disc degeneration on MRI is more prevalent in young elite skiers compared to controls. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:325-332. [PMID: 28409199 PMCID: PMC5754419 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence-based facts regarding spine abnormalities and back pain are needed in order to develop rehabilitation programs and prevent spine injuries in young skiers. The aim therefore is to identify MRI changes in the thoraco-lumbar spine and the lifetime prevalence of back pain, as well as the association between them, in young skiers compared to non-athletes. METHODS Seventy-five young elite alpine and mogul skiers, age range 16-20 years, were compared with 27 non-athletic controls. All subjects underwent spinal MRI and answered back pain questionnaires. RESULTS Fifty-six percent of skiers had at least one disc Pfirrmann grade ≥3 compared to 30% of controls (p = 0.027). Schmorl's nodes (46%) and disc height reduction (37%) were significantly more prevalent in skiers compared to controls (0%) (p < 0.001). When all parameters were combined together, skiers had significantly higher rate of radiological changes than controls, 82% compared to 54% (p = 0.007). The mean number of discs with Pfirrmann grade ≥3 was 1.1 per individual in skiers (median 1, range 0-6) versus 0.6 in controls (median 0, range 0-3). There was no significant difference in lifetime prevalence of back pain between skiers (50%) and controls (44%) (n.s.). MRI abnormalities in skiers did not correlate with lifetime prevalence of back pain. Skiers had a better health perception than controls (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Alpine skiers have more degenerative disc changes compared to non-athletes, but these changes do not correlate with the lifetime prevalence of back pain. Lifetime prevalence of back pain is not significantly different between the groups; however, skiers report more severe pain on VAS score. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam A. Witwit
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Kovac
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Sward
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Agnvall
- Sportsmedicine Åre and Åre Ski High School, Ostersund, Sweden
| | - Carl Todd
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Thoreson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Hebelka
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adad Baranto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Ho-Fung VM, Zapala MA, Lee EY. Musculoskeletal Traumatic Injuries in Children. Radiol Clin North Am 2017; 55:785-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Patel DR, Yamasaki A, Brown K. Epidemiology of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries in young athletes in United States. Transl Pediatr 2017; 6:160-166. [PMID: 28795006 PMCID: PMC5532190 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2017.04.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades there has been increased participation in sports by children and adolescents at earlier ages in the United States, as well as more intense participation and specialization in sports at very early ages. This trend has also partly contributed to the patterns of injuries seen in young athletes, and especially in recent years, injuries previously seen in mature athletes are being seen in young athletes. Overall, the vast majority of sport-related musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents are due to repetitive overuse and acute macrotrauma is less frequently seen in young athletes. Epidemiological data on sports injuries are provided by several national surveys. Investigators have used different methods to define sports injuries and the most widely used definition is based on athlete-exposure time. Certain aspects related to adolescent growth and development modulate the pattern of injuries. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries seen in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip R Patel
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Ai Yamasaki
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Kelly Brown
- Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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23
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Nguyen JC, Sheehan SE, Davis KW, Gill KG. Sports and the Growing Musculoskeletal System: Sports Imaging Series. Radiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie C. Nguyen
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E1/313, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Scott E. Sheehan
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E1/313, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Kirkland W. Davis
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E1/313, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Kara G. Gill
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, E1/313, Madison, WI 53792-3252
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