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George Warren W, Osborn M, Yates A, O'Sullivan SE. The emerging role of fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) in cancers. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103980. [PMID: 38614160 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is an intracellular protein involved in the uptake, transportation, metabolism, and storage of fatty acids (FAs). FABP7 is upregulated up to 20-fold in multiple cancers, usually correlated with poor prognosis. FABP7 silencing or pharmacological inhibition suggest FABP7 promotes cell growth, migration, invasion, colony and spheroid formation/increased size, lipid uptake, and lipid droplet formation. Xenograft studies show that suppression of FABP7 inhibits tumour formation and tumour growth, and improves host survival. The molecular mechanisms involve promotion of FA uptake, lipid droplets, signalling [focal adhesion kinase (FAK), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK), and Wnt/β-catenin], hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A/prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 (VEGFA/P4HA1), snail family zinc finger 1 (Snail1), and twist-related protein 1 (Twist1). The oncogenic capacity of FABP7 makes it a promising pharmacological target for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myles Osborn
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andrew Yates
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK
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2
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Hudson AL, Cho A, Colvin EK, Hayes SA, Wheeler HR, Howell VM. CA9, CYFIP2 and LGALS3BP-A Novel Biomarker Panel to Aid Prognostication in Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1069. [PMID: 38473425 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is a devastating and life-changing disease. Biomarkers are becoming increasingly important in addressing clinical issues, including in monitoring tumour progression and assessing survival and treatment response. The goal of this study was to identify prognostic biomarkers associated with glioma progression. Discovery proteomic analysis was performed on a small cohort of astrocytomas that were diagnosed as low-grade and recurred at a higher grade. Six proteins were chosen to be validated further in a larger cohort. Three proteins, CA9, CYFIP2, and LGALS3BP, were found to be associated with glioma progression and, in univariate analysis, could be used as prognostic markers. However, according to the results of multivariate analysis, these did not remain significant. These three proteins were then combined into a three-protein panel. This panel had a specificity and sensitivity of 0.7459 for distinguishing between long and short survival. In silico data confirmed the prognostic significance of this panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Angela Cho
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah A Hayes
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Helen R Wheeler
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Viive M Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are small lipid-binding proteins abundantly expressed in tissues that are highly active in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Ten mammalian FABPs have been identified, with tissue-specific expression patterns and highly conserved tertiary structures. FABPs were initially studied as intracellular FA transport proteins. Further investigation has demonstrated their participation in lipid metabolism, both directly and via regulation of gene expression, and in signaling within their cells of expression. There is also evidence that they may be secreted and have functional impact via the circulation. It has also been shown that the FABP ligand binding repertoire extends beyond long-chain FAs and that their functional properties also involve participation in systemic metabolism. This article reviews the present understanding of FABP functions and their apparent roles in disease, particularly metabolic and inflammation-related disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States;
| | - Betina Corsico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina;
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Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 regulates ectopic neurogenesis in the mouse hilus after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neuroscience 2022; 494:69-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Alshebib YA, Hori T, Kashiwagi T. HOP protein expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus is acutely downregulated in a status epilepticus mouse model. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 11:183-193. [PMID: 34766103 PMCID: PMC8569711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency, and delayed management can lead to higher morbidity and mortality. It is thought that prolonged seizures stimulate stem cells in the hippocampus and that epileptogenesis may arise from aberrant connections formed by newly born cells, while others have suggested that the acute neuroinflammation and gliosis often seen in epileptic hippocampi contribute to hyperexcitability and epilepsy development. Previous studies have identified the expression of homeodomain-only protein (HOP) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (HDG) and the heart. HOP was found to be a regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation during heart development, while it maintains the 'heart conduction system' in adulthood. However, little is known about HOP function in the adult HDG, particularly in the SE setting. Here, a HOP immunohistochemical profile in an SE mouse model was established. A total of 24 adult mice were analyzed 3-10 days following the SE episode, the 'acute phase'. Our findings demonstrate a significant downregulation of HOP and BLBP protein expression in the SE group following SE episodes, while HOP/Ki67 coexpression did not remarkably differ. Furthermore, coexpression of HOP/S100β and HOP/Prox1 was not observed, although we noticed insignificant HOP/DCX coexpression level. The findings of this study show no compelling evidence of proliferation, and newly added neurons were not identified during the acute phase following SE, although HOP protein expression was significantly decreased in the HDG. Similar to its counterpart in the adult heart, this suggests that HOP seems to play a key role in regulating signal conduction in adult hippocampus. Moreover, acute changes in HOP expression following SE could be part of an inflammatory response that could subsequently influence epileptogenicity.
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Key Words
- BLBP, Brain lipid-binding protein
- BrdU, 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
- Ctrl, control tissue
- DCX, Doublecortin
- EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- Epileptogenicity
- GCL, granule cell layer
- GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HDG, Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus
- HF, Hippocampus Formation
- HOP
- HOP, Homeodomain Only Protein
- Hippocampal Formation
- Homeodomain-Only Protein
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- NSC, Neural stem cells
- Neurocardiology
- Prox1, Prospero Homeobox 1
- RGL cell, Radial glia-like cell
- S100β, S100 calcium-binding protein B
- SE, Status Epilepticus
- SGZ, subgranular zone
- SVZ, subventricular zone
- Seizure-induced neuroinflammation
- Status Epileptics
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Affiliation(s)
- YA Alshebib
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Neurological Center Hospital, Tokyo 134-0088, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Hori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Neurological Center Hospital, Tokyo 134-0088, Japan
| | - Taichi Kashiwagi
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Kagawa Y, Umaru BA, Kanamori M, Zama R, Shil SK, Miyazaki H, Kobayashi S, Wannakul T, Yang S, Tominaga T, Owada Y. Nuclear FABP7 regulates cell proliferation of wild-type IDH1 glioma through caveolae formation. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:289-306. [PMID: 34716958 PMCID: PMC8732344 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism. IDH1 mutation (IDH1mut) is the most important genetic alteration in lower grade glioma, whereas glioblastoma (GB), the most common malignant brain tumor, often has wild‐type IDH1 (IDH1wt). Although there is no effective treatment yet for neither IDH1wt nor IDHmut GB, it is important to note that the survival span of IDH1wt GB patients is significantly shorter than those with IDH1mut GB. Thus, understanding IDH1wt GB biology and developing effective molecular‐targeted therapies is of paramount importance. Fatty acid‐binding protein 7 (FABP7) is highly expressed in GB, and its expression level is negatively correlated with survival in malignant glioma patients; however, the underlying mechanisms of FABP7 involvement in tumor proliferation are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that FABP7 is highly expressed and localized in nuclei in IDH1wt glioma. Wild‐type FABP7 (FABP7wt) overexpression in IDH1wt U87 cells increased cell proliferation rate, caveolin‐1 expression, and caveolae/caveosome formation. In addition, FABP7wt overexpression increased the levels of H3K27ac on the caveolin‐1 promoter through controlling the nuclear acetyl‐CoA level via the interaction with ACLY. Consistent results were obtained using a xenograft model transplanted with U87 cells overexpressing FABP7. Interestingly, in U87 cells with mutant FABP7 overexpression, both in vitro and in vivo phenotypes shown by FABP7wt overexpression were disrupted. Furthermore, IDH1wt patient GB showed upregulated caveolin‐1 expression, increased levels of histone acetylation, and increased levels of acetyl‐CoA compared with IDH1mut patient GB. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclear FABP7 is involved in cell proliferation of GB through caveolae function/formation regulated via epigenetic regulation of caveolin‐1, and this mechanism is critically important for IDH1wt tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Zama
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tunyanat Wannakul
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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BLBP Is Both a Marker for Poor Prognosis and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Paediatric Ependymoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092100. [PMID: 33925302 PMCID: PMC8123630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric ependymomas are aggressive, treatment-resistant tumours with a tendency towards relapse, consistent with a sub-population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells. These cells are believed to derive from brain lipid binding protein (BLBP)-expressing radial glia, hence we proposed that BLBP may be a marker for ependymoma therapy resistance. BLBP protein expression correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) in patients from two trials (CNS9204, a chemotherapy-led infant trial-5 y OS 45% vs. 80%, p = 0.011-and CNS9904, a radiotherapy-led trial-OS 38% vs. 85%, p = 0.002). All ependymoma cell lines examined by qRT-PCR expressed BLBP, with expression elevated in stem cell-enriched neurospheres. Modulation of BLBP function in 2D and 3D assays, using either peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) antagonists or BLBP's fatty acid substrate docosahexaneoic acid (DHA), potentiated chemotherapy response and reduced cell migration and invasion in ependymoma cell lines. BLBP is therefore an independent predictor of poor survival in paediatric ependymoma, and treatment with PPAR antagonists or DHA may represent effective novel therapies, preventing chemotherapy resistance and invasion in paediatric ependymoma patients.
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Dunn J, Lenis VP, Hilton DA, Warta R, Herold-Mende C, Hanemann CO, Futschik ME. Integration and Comparison of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Data for Meningioma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3270. [PMID: 33167358 PMCID: PMC7694371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma are the most frequent primary intracranial tumour. Management of aggressive meningioma is complex, and development of effective biomarkers or pharmacological interventions is hampered by an incomplete knowledge of molecular landscape. Here, we present an integrated analysis of two complementary omics studies to investigate alterations in the "transcriptome-proteome" profile of high-grade (III) compared to low-grade (I) meningiomas. We identified 3598 common transcripts/proteins and revealed concordant up- and downregulation in grade III vs. grade I meningiomas. Concordantly upregulated genes included FABP7, a fatty acid binding protein and the monoamine oxidase MAOB, the latter of which we validated at the protein level and established an association with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Notably, we derived a plasma signature of 21 discordantly expressed genes showing positive changes in protein but negative in transcript levels of high-grade meningiomas, including the validated genes CST3, LAMP2, PACS1 and HTRA1, suggesting the acquisition of these proteins by tumour from plasma. Aggressive meningiomas were enriched in processes such as oxidative phosphorylation and RNA metabolism, whilst concordantly downregulated genes were related to reduced cellular adhesion. Overall, our study provides the first transcriptome-proteome characterisation of meningioma, identifying several novel and previously described transcripts/proteins with potential grade III biomarker and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Dunn
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, The Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, The John Bull Building, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK;
| | - Vasileios P. Lenis
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Centuria Building, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, UK;
| | - David A. Hilton
- Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK;
| | - Rolf Warta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.W.); (C.H.-M.)
| | - C. Oliver Hanemann
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, The Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, The John Bull Building, Plymouth Science Park, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK;
| | - Matthias E. Futschik
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Medical School, St Mary’s Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
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9
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Kagawa Y, Umaru BA, Shima H, Ito R, Zama R, Islam A, Kanno SI, Yasui A, Sato S, Jozaki K, Shil SK, Miyazaki H, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto Y, Kogo H, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Sugawara A, Sugino N, Kanamori M, Tominaga T, Yoshikawa T, Fukunaga K, Igarashi K, Owada Y. FABP7 Regulates Acetyl-CoA Metabolism Through the Interaction with ACLY in the Nucleus of Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4891-4910. [PMID: 32812201 PMCID: PMC7541391 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is an intracellular fatty acid chaperon that is highly expressed in astrocytes, oligodendrocyte-precursor cells, and malignant glioma. Previously, we reported that FABP7 regulates the response to extracellular stimuli by controlling the expression of caveolin-1, an important component of lipid raft. Here, we explored the detailed mechanisms underlying FABP7 regulation of caveolin-1 expression using primary cultured FABP7-KO astrocytes as a model of loss of function and NIH-3T3 cells as a model of gain of function. We discovered that FABP7 interacts with ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) and is important for acetyl-CoA metabolism in the nucleus. This interaction leads to epigenetic regulation of several genes, including caveolin-1. Our novel findings suggest that FABP7-ACLY modulation of nuclear acetyl-CoA has more influence on histone acetylation than cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA. The changes to histone structure may modify caveolae-related cell activity in astrocytes and tumors, including malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Banlanjo Abdulaziz Umaru
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Ito
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Zama
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Aging and Cancer, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Aging and Cancer, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-0046, Japan
| | - Kosuke Jozaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-0046, Japan
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | | | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-0046, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Xu H, Diolintzi A, Storch J. Fatty acid-binding proteins: functional understanding and diagnostic implications. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:407-412. [PMID: 31503024 PMCID: PMC9940447 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of small, abundant proteins with highly tissue-specific expression patterns whose different functions remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings regarding FABP functions and mechanisms of action, including their potential utilization as serum markers of tissue-specific metabolic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS FABPs are important not only in their tissues of origin but also appear to influence the metabolism and function of tissues distal to their sites of expression. This may be secondary to metabolic changes in their primary tissues, and/or a result of FABP secretion from these tissues leading to effects on distal sites. Their levels in the circulation are increasingly explored as potential biomarkers for tissue-specific disease prognosis and progression. SUMMARY The nine fatty acid-binding members of the FABP family have unique tissue-specific functions and important secondary effects on tissues in which they are not expressed. For many of the FABPs, circulating levels may be indicative of disease processes related to their primary tissues, and may influence physiological function in distal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Xu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anastasia Diolintzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick,
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey, USA
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Kamizato K, Sato S, Shil SK, Umaru BA, Kagawa Y, Yamamoto Y, Ogata M, Yasumoto Y, Okuyama Y, Ishii N, Owada Y, Miyazaki H. The role of fatty acid binding protein 7 in spinal cord astrocytes in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuroscience 2019; 409:120-129. [PMID: 31051217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is expressed in astrocytes of the developing and mature central nervous system, and modulates astrocyte function by controlling intracellular fatty acid homeostasis. Astrocytes in the spinal cord have an important role in the process of myelin degeneration and regeneration. In the present study, the authors examined the role of FABP7 in astrocytes in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an established model of multiple sclerosis (MS). FABP7 was expressed in the white matter astrocytes and increased after EAE onset; particularly strong expression was observed in demyelinating regions. In FABP7-knockout (KO) mice, the onset of EAE symptoms occurred earlier than in wild type (WT) mice, and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-17 and TNF-α) were higher in FABP7-KO lumbar spinal cord than in WT lumbar spinal cord at early stage of EAE. Interestingly, however, the clinical score was significantly reduced in FABP7-KO mice compared with WT mice in the late phase of EAE. Moreover, the area exhibiting expression of fibronectin, which is an extracellular matrix protein mainly produced by astrocytes and inhibits remyelination of oligodendrocytes, was significantly decreased in FABP7-KO compared with WT mice. Collectively, FABP7 in astrocyte may have a role to protect from the induction of inflammation leading to demyelination in CNS at early phase of EAE. Moreover, FABP7 may be involved in the regulation of fibronectin production through the modification of astrocyte activation at late phase of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenyu Kamizato
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Banlanjo A Umaru
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tohoku medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogata
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tohoku medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Liu B, Saber A, Haisma HJ. CRISPR/Cas9: a powerful tool for identification of new targets for cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:955-970. [PMID: 30849442 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated nuclease 9 (Cas9), as a powerful genome-editing tool, has revolutionized genetic engineering. It is widely used to investigate the molecular basis of different cancer types. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies in which CRISPR/Cas9 has been used for the identification of potential molecular targets. Based on the collected data, we suggest here that CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective system to distinguish between mutant and wild-type alleles in cancer. We show that several new potential therapeutic targets, such as CD38, CXCR2, MASTL, and RBX2, as well as several noncoding (nc)RNAs have been identified using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We also discuss the obstacles and challenges that we face for using CRISPR/Cas9 as a therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Saber
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde J Haisma
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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