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Hu J, Chen G, Zeng Z, Ran H, Zhang R, Yu Q, Xie Y, He Y, Wang F, Li X, Huang K, Liu H, Zhang T. Systematically altered connectome gradient in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: Potential effect on cognitive function. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103628. [PMID: 38850833 PMCID: PMC11201345 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) affects brain network hierarchy and cognitive function; however, itremainsunclearhowhierarchical changeaffectscognition in patients with BECTS. A major aim of this study was to examine changes in the macro-network function hierarchy in BECTS and its potential contribution to cognitive function. METHODS Overall, the study included 50 children with BECTS and 69 healthy controls. Connectome gradient analysis was used to determine the brain network hierarchy of each group. By comparing gradient scores at each voxel level and network between groups, we assessed changes in whole-brain voxel-level and network hierarchy. Functional connectivity was used to detect the functional reorganization of epilepsy caused by these abnormal brain regions based on these aberrant gradients. Lastly, we explored the relationships between the change gradient and functional connectivity values and clinical variables and further predicted the cognitive function associated with BECTS gradient changes. RESULTS In children with BECTS, the gradient was extended at different network and voxel levels. The gradient scores frontoparietal network was increased in the principal gradient of patients with BECTS. The left precentral gyrus (PCG) and right angular gyrus gradient scores were significantly increased in the principal gradient of children with BECTS. Moreover, in regions of the brain with abnormal principal gradients, functional connectivity was disrupted. The left PCG gradient score of children with BECTS was correlated with the verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), and the disruption of functional connectivity in brain regions with abnormal principal gradients was closely related to cognitive function. VIQ was significantly predicted by the principal gradient map of patients. SIGNIFICANCE The results indicate connectome gradient disruption in children with BECTS and its relationship to cognitive function, thereby increasing our understanding of the functional connectome hierarchy and providing potential biomarkers for cognitive function of children with BECTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Haifeng Ran
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of TCM, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qiane Yu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yulun He
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Fuqin Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xuhong Li
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Kexing Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Tijiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Feng X, Piper RJ, Prentice F, Clayden JD, Baldeweg T. Functional brain connectivity in children with focal epilepsy: A systematic review of functional MRI studies. Seizure 2024; 117:164-173. [PMID: 38432080 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is increasingly recognised as a brain network disorder and many studies have investigated functional connectivity (FC) in children with epilepsy using functional MRI (fMRI). This systematic review of fMRI studies, published up to November 2023, investigated profiles of FC changes and their clinical relevance in children with focal epilepsy compared to healthy controls. A literature search in PubMed and Web of Science yielded 62 articles. We categorised the results into three groups: 1) differences in correlation-based FC between patients and controls; 2) differences in other FC measures between patients and controls; and 3) associations between FC and disease variables (for example, age of onset), cognitive and seizure outcomes. Studies revealed either increased or decreased FC across multiple brain regions in children with focal epilepsy. However, findings lacked consistency: conflicting FC alterations (decreased and increased FC) co-existed within or between brain regions across all focal epilepsy groups. The studies demonstrated overall that 1) interhemispheric connections often displayed abnormal connectivity and 2) connectivity within and between canonical functional networks was decreased, particularly for the default mode network. Focal epilepsy disrupted FC in children both locally (e.g., seizure-onset zones, or within-brain subnetworks) and globally (e.g., whole-brain network architecture). The wide variety of FC study methodologies limits clinical application of the results. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to understand the evolution of brain networks during the disease course and explore the potential of FC biomarkers for predicting cognitive and postsurgical seizure outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Feng
- Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rory J Piper
- Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Prentice
- Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Clayden
- Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Baldeweg
- Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
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Chiang CT, Yang RC, Kao YC, Wu RC, Ouyang CS, Lin LC. Connectivity Disturbances in Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes: A Partial Directed Coherence Analysis of Electroencephalogram. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024; 55:257-264. [PMID: 37229662 DOI: 10.1177/15500594231177979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the remission of self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) usually occurs by adolescence, deficits in cognition and behavior are not uncommon. Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed connectivity disturbances in patients with SeLECTS associated with cognitive impairment. However, the disadvantages of fMRI are expensive, time-consuming, and motion sensitive. In the current study, we used a partial directed coherence (PDC) method to analyze electroencephalogram (EEG) for exploring brain connectivity in patients with SeLECTS. This study enrolled 38 participants (19 patients with SeLECTS and 19 healthy controls) for PDC analysis. Our results demonstrated that the controls had significantly higher PDC inflow connectivity in the F7, T3, FP1, and F8 channels than patients with SeLECTS. By contrast, the patients with SeLECTS demonstrated significantly higher PDC inflow connectivity than did the controls in the T5, Pz, and P4 channels. We also compared the PDC connectivity in different Brodmann areas between the patients with SeLECTS and the controls. The results revealed that the inflow connectivity in the BA9_46_L area was significantly higher in the controls than in the patients with SeLECTS, whereas the inflow connectivity in the MIF_L area 4 was significantly higher in the patients with SeLECTS than in the controls. Our proposed approach of combining EEG with PDC provides a convenient and useful tool for investigating functional connectivity in patients with SeLECTS. This approach is time-saving and inexpensive compared with fMRI, but it achieves similar results to fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Tai Chiang
- Department of Computer and Communication, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Rei-Cheng Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Chia Kao
- Departments of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.), Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Rong-Ching Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chen-Sen Ouyang
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Lung-Chang Lin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C)
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Kang Y, Zhang Y, Huang K, Wang Z. Association of dopamine-based genetic risk score with dynamic low-frequency fluctuations in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:584-594. [PMID: 37382826 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in dynamic intrinsic brain activity and signaling of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, have been independently detected in schizophrenia patients. Yet, it remains unclear whether the dopamine genetic risk variants have association with brain intrinsic activity. We aimed to investigate the schizophrenia-specific dynamic amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (dALFF) altered pattern, and its association with dopamine genetic risk score in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FES). Fifty-two FES and 51 healthy controls were included. A sliding-window method based on the dALFF was adopted to estimate the dynamic alterations in intrinsic brain activity. Subjects were genotyped, and a genetic risk score (GRS), which combined the additive effects of ten risk genotypes from five dopamine-related genes, was calculated. We used the voxel-wise correlation analysis to explore the association of dopamine-GRS with dALFF. FES showed significantly increased dALFF left medial prefrontal cortex and significantly decreased dALFF in the right posterior cingulate cortex compared with healthy controls. Greater dopamine GRS in FES was associated with higher dALFF in the left middle frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal gyrus. Our findings indicate that cumulative dopamine genetic risk is associated with a known imaging phenotype for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Kang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kexin Huang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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Xu G, Chen X, Zhang Y. Quantitative susceptibility mapping shows lower brain iron content in children with childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Jpn J Radiol 2023; 41:1344-1350. [PMID: 37418180 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dysregulation of brain iron homeostasis is closely relevant to a multitude of chronic neurological disorders. This study employed quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to detect and compare whole-brain iron content between childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS) children and typically developing children. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 children with CECTS and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled. All participants were imaged with 3.0-T MRI to acquire the structural and susceptibility-weighted data. The susceptibility-weighted data were processed using STISuite toolbox to obtain QSM. The magnetic susceptibility difference between the two groups was compared using voxel-wise and region of interest methods. Multivariable linear regression, controlling for age, were employed to investigate the associations between the brain magnetic susceptibility and age at onset. RESULTS Lower magnetic susceptibility was mainly observed in sensory- and motor-related brain regions in children with CECTS, including bilateral middle frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, midcingulate cortex, paracentral lobule and precentral gyrus, the magnetic susceptibility of right paracentral lobule, right precuneus and left supplementary motor area were found to have positive correlation with the age at onset. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the potential iron deficiency in certain brain regions is associated with CECTS, which might be helpful for further illumination of potential pathogenesis mechanism of CECTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqiang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- The Public Experimental Center of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Zhang Q, Li J, He Y, Yang F, Xu Q, Larivière S, Bernhardt BC, Liao W, Lu G, Zhang Z. Atypical functional connectivity hierarchy in Rolandic epilepsy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:704. [PMID: 37429897 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity hierarchy is an important principle in the process of brain functional organization and an important feature reflecting brain development. However, atypical brain network hierarchy organization in Rolandic epilepsy have not been systematically investigated. We examined connectivity alteration with age and its relation to epileptic incidence, cognition, or underlying genetic factors in 162 cases of Rolandic epilepsy and 117 typically developing children, by measuring fMRI multi-axis functional connectivity gradients. Rolandic epilepsy is characterized by contracting and slowing expansion of the functional connectivity gradients, highlighting the atypical age-related change of the connectivity hierarchy in segregation properties. The gradient alterations are relevant to seizure incidence, cognition, and connectivity deficit, and development-associated genetic basis. Collectively, our approach provides converging evidence for atypical connectivity hierarchy as a system-level substrate of Rolandic epilepsy, suggesting this is a disorder of information processing across multiple functional domains, and established a framework for large-scale brain hierarchical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jiao Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Sara Larivière
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Xu F, Xu Y, Wang Y, Niu K, Li Y, Wang P, Li Y, Sun J, Chen Q, Wang X. Language-related brain areas in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes studied with MEG. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 152:11-21. [PMID: 37257319 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) typically indicate cognitive impairment with widespread speech impairment. We explored how epilepsy affects language-related brain areas and areas in their vicinity. METHODS Twenty-two children with SeLECTS and declined verbal comprehension (DVC), 21 with SeLECTS and normal verbal comprehension (NVC), and 23 healthy controls (HCs) underwent high-sampling magnetoencephalography recordings. According to a previous study, 24 language-related regions of interest were selected bilaterally, and the relative spectral power was estimated using a minimum norm estimate. RESULTS The highest mean power spectral density was observed in the delta band for the DVC group, in the theta band for the NVC group, and in the alpha band for HCs within language-specific brain regions. The distinctions between the DVC and NVC groups in the delta and theta frequency bands were primarily concentrated in the right linguistic brain area. CONCLUSIONS Children with SeLECTS may have developmental problems in language-related brain areas, with different developmental levels observed in the DVC, NVC, and HC groups. The DVC group could have inferior speech comprehension due to a more significant number of seizures and more left-sided spike locations. SIGNIFICANCE Children having SeLECTS showed impaired brain maturation, leading to associated language impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Xu
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingfan Wang
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Niu
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanzhang Li
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jintao Sun
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Country MEG Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Country Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Li R, Shen F, Sun X, Zou T, Li L, Wang X, Deng C, Duan X, He Z, Yang M, Li Z, Chen H. Dissociable salience and default mode network modulation in generalized anxiety disorder: a connectome-wide association study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6354-6365. [PMID: 36627243 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common anxiety disorder experiencing psychological and somatic symptoms. Here, we explored the link between the individual variation in functional connectome and anxiety symptoms, especially psychological and somatic dimensions, which remains unknown. In a sample of 118 GAD patients and matched 85 healthy controls (HCs), we used multivariate distance-based matrix regression to examine the relationship between resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and the severity of anxiety. We identified multiple hub regions belonging to salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) where dysconnectivity associated with anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05, false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected). Follow-up analyses revealed that patient's psychological anxiety was dominated by the hyper-connectivity within DMN, whereas the somatic anxiety could be modulated by hyper-connectivity within SN and DMN. Moreover, hypo-connectivity between SN and DMN were related to both anxiety dimensions. Furthermore, GAD patients showed significant network-level FC changes compared with HCs (P < 0.01, FDR-corrected). Finally, we found the connectivity of DMN could predict the individual psychological symptom in an independent GAD sample. Together, our work emphasizes the potential dissociable roles of SN and DMN in the pathophysiology of GAD's anxiety symptoms, which may be crucial in providing a promising neuroimaging biomarker for novel personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Fei Shen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Xiyue Sun
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Chijun Deng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Xujun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Zongling He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, P.R. China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
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Xu K, Wang F, Geng B, Peng Y, Zhang S, Li P, Chen D, Zeng X, Liu H, Liu P. Abnormal percent amplitude of fluctuation and functional connectivity within and between networks in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy Res 2022; 185:106989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Jiang Y, Chen Y, Zheng R, Zhou B, Wei Y, Gao A, Wei Y, Li S, Guo J, Han S, Zhang Y, Cheng J. More Than Just Statics: Temporal Dynamic Changes in Inter- and Intrahemispheric Functional Connectivity in First-Episode, Drug-Naive Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:868135. [PMID: 35463932 PMCID: PMC9024080 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.868135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated abnormalities in static intra- and interhemispheric functional connectivity among diverse brain regions in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the dynamic changes in intra- and interhemispheric functional connectivity patterns in patients with MDD remain unclear. Fifty-eight first-episode, drug-naive patients with MDD and 48 age-, sex-, and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state fMRI. Whole-brain functional connectivity, analyzed using the functional connectivity density (FCD) approach, was decomposed into ipsilateral and contralateral functional connectivity. We computed the intra- and interhemispheric dynamic FCD (dFCD) using a sliding window analysis to capture the dynamic patterns of functional connectivity. The temporal variability in functional connectivity was quantified as the variance of the dFCD over time. In addition, intra- and interhemispheric static FCD (sFCD) patterns were calculated. Associations between the dFCD variance and sFCD in abnormal brain regions and the severity of depressive symptoms were analyzed. Compared to HCs, patients with MDD showed lower interhemispheric dFCD variability in the inferior/middle frontal gyrus and decreased sFCD in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus in both intra- and interhemispheric comparisons. No significant correlations were found between any abnormal dFCD variance or sFCD at the intra- and interhemispheric levels and the severity of depressive symptoms. Our results suggest intra- and interhemispheric functional connectivity alterations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and default mode network regions involved in cognition, execution and emotion. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the essential role of altered interhemispheric communication dynamics in the DLPFC in patients with MDD. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ankang Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoqiang Han,
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Yong Zhang,
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Jingliang Cheng,
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11
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Shi JY, Cai LM, Lin JH, Zou ZY, Zhang XH, Chen HJ. Dynamic Alterations in Functional Connectivity Density in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:827500. [PMID: 35370623 PMCID: PMC8967369 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.827500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Current knowledge on the temporal dynamics of the brain functional organization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is limited. This is the first study on alterations in the patterns of dynamic functional connection density (dFCD) involving ALS. Methods We obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 50 individuals diagnosed with ALS and 55 healthy controls (HCs). We calculated the functional connectivity (FC) between a given voxel and all other voxels within the entire brain and yield the functional connection density (FCD) value per voxel. dFCD was assessed by sliding window correlation method. In addition, the standard deviation (SD) of dFCD across the windows was computed voxel-wisely to measure dFCD variability. The difference in dFCD variability between the two groups was compared using a two-sample t-test following a voxel-wise manner. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the between-group recognition performance of the dFCD variability index. Results The dFCD variability was significantly reduced in the bilateral precentral and postcentral gyrus compared with the HC group, whereas a marked increase was observed in the left middle frontal gyrus of ALS patients. dFCD variability exhibited moderate potential (areas under ROC curve = 0.753–0.837, all P < 0.001) in distinguishing two groups. Conclusion ALS patients exhibit aberrant dynamic property in brain functional architecture. The dFCD evaluation improves our understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying ALS and may assist in its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yan Shi
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Cai
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Lin
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Yu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-Jun Chen,
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12
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Yang Z, Wen M, Wei Y, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Gao X, Zhang M, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Alternations in Dynamic and Static Functional Connectivity Density in Chronic Smokers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:843254. [PMID: 35530028 PMCID: PMC9068985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.843254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have implicated abnormal functional coordination in brain regions of smokers. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated alternations in brain connectivity by using the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) method which arbitrarily chooses specific networks or seed regions as priori selections and cannot provide a full picture of the FC changes in chronic smokers. The aim of this study was to investigate the whole-brain functional coordination measured by functional connectivity density (FCD). As the variance of brain activity, dynamic FCD (dFCD) was performed to investigate dynamic changes of whole-brain integration in chronic smokers. In total, 120 chronic smokers and 56 nonsmokers were recruited, and static FCD and dFCD were performed to investigate aberrance of whole-brain functional coordination. Shared aberrance in visual areas has been found in both static and dFCD study in chronic smokers. Furthermore, the results exhibited that both heavy and light smokers demonstrated decreased dFCD in the visual cortex and left precuneus, and also increased dFCD in the right orbitofrontal cortex, left caudate, right putamen, and left thalamus compared with nonsmokers. In addition, alternations of dFCD have been found between heavy and light smokers. Furthermore, the dFCD variations showed significant positive correlation with smoking-related behaviors. The results demonstrated that chronic smokers not only have some initial areas, but also have some regions associated with severity of cigarette smoking. Lastly, dFCD could provide more subtle variations in chronic smokers, and the combination of static and dFCD may deepen our understanding of the brain alternations in chronic smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Jiang L, Ma X, Liu H, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang G, Li S, Zhang T. Aberrant Dynamics of Regional Coherence Measured by Resting-State fMRI in Children With Benign Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS). Front Neurol 2021; 12:712071. [PMID: 34975706 PMCID: PMC8715032 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.712071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the dynamic features of intrinsic brain activity measured by fMRI in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) and examine whether these indexes were associated with behaviors. Methods: We recruited 26 children with BECTS (10.35 ± 2.91 years) and 26 sex-, and age-matched (11.35 ± 2.51 years) healthy controls (HC) and acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and behavioral data. Dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo), including mean and coefficient of variation (CV) metrics derived from the rs-fMRI data, and were compared between the BECTS and the HC groups. Results: Significantly decreased mean dReHo in bilateral supramarginal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus (MTG.L), left postcentral gyrus and superior occipital gyrus were found in children with BECTS. Meanwhile, increased CV of dReHo in MTG.L and right fusiform in children with BECTS was revealed compared with HC. Further analyses of functional connectivity revealed decreased global signal FC existed in similar regions, linked with linguistic, social cognition, and sensorimotor processes, in children with BECTS compared with HCs. Moreover, the association analyses showed that the CV of dReHo in MTG.L was positively associated with age and a negative correlation was found between mean dReHo of MTG.L and disease duration. Besides, the CV of dReHo in MTG.L was found positively associated with the intelligence quotient (IQ) language scores and full IQ scores in children with BECTS, and the CV of dReHo in the left inferior temporal gyrus and Rolandic operculum were positively correlated with IQ operation scores and full IQ scores. Conclusion: Aberrant dynamic regional coherence in sensorimotor, linguistic, and lateral temporal regions suggests dynamical interplay that underlying cognitive performance in children with BECTS, suggesting an intrinsic dynamic mechanism for BECTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Zunyi, China
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuejin Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Zunyi, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Zunyi, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shiguang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Zunyi, China
| | - Tijiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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14
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Song K, Wang Y, Ren MX, Li J, Su T, Chen SY, Shao Y, Lv YL. Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Functional Connectivity Density Mapping in Patients With Optic Neuritis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718973. [PMID: 34720858 PMCID: PMC8551919 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), we investigated alternations in spontaneous brain activities reflected by functional connectivity density (FCD) in patients with optic neuritis (ON). Methods: We enrolled 28 patients with ON (18 males, 10 females) and 24 healthy controls (HCs; 16 males, 8 females). All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a quiet state to determine the values of rsFC, long-range FCD (longFCD), and short-range FCD (IFCD). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to distinguish patients from HCs. Results: The ON group exhibited obviously lower longFCD values in the left inferior frontal gyrus triangle, the right precuneus and the right anterior cingulate, and paracingulate gyri/median cingulate and paracingulate gyri. The left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri and supplementary motor area (SMA) were also significantly lower. Obviously reduced IFCD values were observed in the left middle temporal gyrus/angular gyrus/SMA and right cuneus/SMA compared with HCs. Conclusion: Abnormal neural activities were found in specific brain regions in patients with ON. Specifically, they showed significant changes in rsFC, longFCD, and IFCD values. These may be useful to identify the specific mechanism of change in brain function in ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- Department of Equipment, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei-Xia Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ya-Li Lv
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, China
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15
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Zhang J, Xu T, Wang L, Chen D, Gong L, Chen H, Yu J, Zhao L, Gao Q. Dynamic alterations of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in patients with chronic neck pain. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:110-117. [PMID: 38665806 PMCID: PMC10939338 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of neck pain in the brain, which is the fourth most common cause of disability, remains unclear. Furthermore, little is known about the characteristics of dynamic local functional brain activity in cervical pain. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the changes of local brain activity caused by chronic neck pain and the factors leading to neck pain. Methods Using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) method combined with sliding window approach, we compared local brain activity that was measured by the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 107 patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) with that of 57 healthy control participants. Five pathogenic factors were selected for correlation analysis. Results The group comparison results of dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) variability showed that patients with CNP exhibited decreased dALFF variability in the left inferior temporal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus, the angular gyrus, the inferior parietal marginal angular gyrus, and the middle occipital gyrus. The abnormal dALFF variability of the left inferior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the average daily working hours of patients with neck pain. Conclusions The findings indicated that the brain regions of patients with CNP responsible for audition, vision, memory, and emotion were subjected to temporal variability of abnormal regional brain activity. Moreover, the dALFF variability in the left inferior temporal gyrus might be a risk factor for neck pain.This study revealed the brain dysfunction of patients with CNP from the perspective of dynamic local brain activity, and highlighted the important role of dALFF variability in understanding the neural mechanism of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Linjia Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Lisha Gong
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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16
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Gao Q, Huang Y, Xiang Y, Yang C, Zhang M, Guo J, Wang H, Yu J, Cui Q, Chen H. Altered dynamics of functional connectivity density associated with early and advanced stages of motor training in tennis and table tennis athletes. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1323-1334. [PMID: 32748323 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Until now, knowledge about the effects of motor training on the temporal dynamics of the brain functional organization is still limited. Here we combined dynamic functional connectivity density (dFCD) mapping and k-means clustering analyses to explore how early and advanced stages of motor training affected the brain dynamic FC architecture and dynamic states in little-ball athletes using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of student-athletes (SA), elite athletes (EA) and non-athlete healthy controls (NC). The ANOVA analysis demonstrated the levels of dFCD variability in the EA group had the trend to regress to the NC group levels in all statistically significant regions. Specifically, the brain regions responsible for the basic motor and sensory innervations showed more stabilized dFCD variability in EA and NC compared with SA. The results supported the idea of a stronger efficiency of functional networks and an automation process of new motor skills in EA. Furthermore, EA and NC had the increased dFCD variability in brain regions responsible for top-down visual-motor control compared with SA; while EA exhibited more flexible alterations in FCD status levels and the equilibrium probability in the long run compared with SA and NC. This suggested that regions involved in higher functions of visual-motor control exhibited more flexibility in functional regulation with other brain networks in EA. Our findings suggested the diversity and specialization of fluctuating dynamic brain adaption induced by motor training in different training stages, and highlighted the effect of motor training stages on brain functional adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Chengbo Yang
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Information Technology Center, Chengdu Sport University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingpu Guo
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Wang
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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17
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Zheng X, Sun J, Lv Y, Wang M, Du X, Jia X, Ma J. Frequency-specific alterations of the resting-state BOLD signals in nocturnal enuresis: an fMRI Study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12042. [PMID: 34103549 PMCID: PMC8187680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of nocturnal enuresis have focused primarily on regional metrics in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal ranging from 0.01 to 0.08 Hz. However, it remains unclear how local metrics show in sub-frequency band. 129 children with nocturnal enuresis (NE) and 37 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were diagnosed by the pediatricians in Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, according to the criteria from International Children's Continence Society (ICCS). Questionnaires were used to evaluate the symptoms of enuresis and completed by the participants. In this study, fALFF, ReHo and PerAF were calculated within five different frequency bands: typical band (0.01-0.08 Hz), slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz), slow-3 (0.073-0.198 Hz), and slow-2 (0.198-0.25 Hz). In the typical band, ReHo increased in the left insula and the right thalamus, while fALFF decreased in the right insula in children with NE. Besides, PerAF was increased in the right middle temporal gyrus in these children. The results regarding ReHo, fALFF and PerAF in the typical band was similar to those in slow-5 band, respectively. A correlation was found between the PerAF value of the right middle temporal gyrus and scores of the urinary intention-related wakefulness. Results in other bands were either negative or in white matter. NE children might have abnormal intrinsic neural oscillations mainly on slow-5 bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong-Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xize Jia
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong-Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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18
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Wang F, Yin Y, Yang Y, Liang T, Huang T, He C, Hu J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Xing Q, Zhang T, Liu H. Connectome-based prediction of brain age in Rolandic epilepsy: a protocol for a multicenter cross-sectional study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:511. [PMID: 33850908 PMCID: PMC8039653 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is a common pediatric idiopathic partial epilepsy syndrome. Children with RE display varying degrees of cognitive impairment. In epilepsy, age-related neuroanatomic and cognitive changes differ greatly from those observed in the healthy brain, and may be defined as accelerated brain aging. Connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) is a recently developed machine learning approach that uses whole-brain connectivity measured with neuroimaging data ("neural fingerprints") to predict brain-behavior relationships. The aim of the study will be to develop and validate a CPM for predicting brain age in patients with RE. METHODS A multicenter, cross-sectional study will be conducted in 5 Chinese hospitals. A total of 100 RE patients (including 50 patients receiving anti-epileptic drugs and 50 drug-naïve patients) and 100 healthy children will be recruited to undergo a neuropsychological test using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Magnetic resonance images will also be collected. CPM will be applied to predict the brain age of children with RE based on brain functional connectivity. DISCUSSION The findings of the study will facilitate our understanding of developmental changes in the brain in children with RE and could also be an important milestone in the journey toward developing effective early interventions for this disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000032984).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqin Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanli Yang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Qianlu Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tijiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
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19
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Cohen AD, Yang B, Fernandez B, Banerjee S, Wang Y. Improved resting state functional connectivity sensitivity and reproducibility using a multiband multi-echo acquisition. Neuroimage 2021; 225:117461. [PMID: 33069864 PMCID: PMC10015256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in functional MRI techniques include multiband (MB) imaging and multi-echo (ME) imaging. In MB imaging multiple slices are acquired simultaneously leading to significant increases in temporal and spatial resolution. Multi-echo imaging enables multiple echoes to be acquired in one shot, where the ME images can be used to denoise the BOLD time series and increase BOLD sensitivity. In this study, resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data were collected using a combined MBME sequence and compared to an MB single echo sequence. In total, 29 subjects were imaged, and 18 of them returned within two weeks for repeat imaging. Participants underwent one MBME scan with three echoes and one MB scan with one echo. Both datasets were processed using standard denoising and advanced denoising. Advanced denoising included multi-echo independent component analysis (ME-ICA) for the MBME data and ICA-AROMA for the MB data. Resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) was evaluated using both selective seed-based and whole grey matter (GM) region-of-interest (ROI) based approaches. The reproducibility of connectivity metrics was also analyzed in the repeat subjects. In addition, functional connectivity density (FCD), a data-driven approach that counts the number of significant connections, both within a local cluster and globally, with each voxel was analyzed. Regardless of the standard or advanced denoising technique, all seed-based RSFC was significantly higher for MBME compared to MB. Much more GM ROI combinations showed significantly higher RSFC for MBME vs. MB. Reproducibility, evaluated using the dice coefficient was significantly higher for MBME relative to MB data. Finally, FCD was also higher for MBME vs. MB data. This study showed higher RSFC for MBME vs. MB data using selected seed-based, whole GM ROI-based, and data-driven approaches. Reproducibility found also higher for MBME data. Taken together, these results indicate that MBME is a promising technique for rs-fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Cohen
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | | | | | | | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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20
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Yang L, Su Q, Xu N, Xu L, Zhao J, Fan C, Li Y, Li B. Continuous epileptic negative myoclonus as the first seizure type in atypical benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22965. [PMID: 33126368 PMCID: PMC7598858 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To figure out which diagnosis is more suitable and which antiepileptic drugs are more sensitive to epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) as the first seizure type in atypical benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes.We reviewed the electroencephalogram (EEG) database of Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and medical records of patients with ENM onset. The characteristics of epileptic seizures, onset age, treatment process, growth and development history, past disease history, family history, degree of mental deterioration, cranial imaging, and video-EEG were studied retrospectively and followed up.There were 4 cases with ENM onset and 1 with continuous ENM, 3 males and 1 female. The onset age was from 2 years 3 months to 8 years 7 months. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and developmental quotient, as well as the family, personal, and past disease history, were normal. Frequent falls and drops were the main clinical manifestations. Five months after the onset of ENM, case 1 had focal seizures in sleep. ENM was the first and only manifestation in all the other 3 children. Discharges of interictal EEG were in bilateral rolandic areas, especially in midline areas (Cz, Pz), electrical status epilepticus in sleep was found in 3 cases. One child was sensitive to levetiracetam, the other 3 were sensitive to clonazepam.ENM can affect the upper or lower extremities. ENM as the first or only symptom was a special phenomenon in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) variants. Ignorance of midline spikes mainly in Cz or Pz in BECTS might lead to missed diagnosis of ENM. Whether benzodiazepines are viable as a choice of BECTS variants with electrical status epilepticus in sleep when ENM is the first symptom still needs a large sample evidence-based observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Quanping Su
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi
| | - Liyun Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi
| | - Chao Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi
| | - Yufen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi
| | - Baomin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
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21
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Li Q, Cao X, Liu S, Li Z, Wang Y, Cheng L, Yang C, Xu Y. Dynamic Alterations of Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Patients With Drug-Naïve First-Episode Early Onset Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:901. [PMID: 33122982 PMCID: PMC7573348 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in static neural activity have been widely reported in early onset schizophrenia (EOS). However, dynamic brain activity alterations over time in EOS are unclear. Here, we investigated whether temporal dynamic changes in spontaneous neural activity are influenced by EOS. A total of 78 drug-naïve first-episode patients with EOS and 90 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) was performed to examine the abnormal time-varying local neural activity in EOS. Furthermore, we investigated the relationships between abnormalities in dALFF variability and clinical characteristics in EOS patients. Compared to HCs, EOS patients showed significantly decreased dALFF variability in the bilateral precuneus, right superior marginal gyrus, right post-central gyrus and increased dALFF in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Moreover, increased dALFF variability in MTG was negatively associated with negative symptoms in EOS. Our findings reveal increased dynamic local neural activity in higher order networks of the cortex, suggesting that enhanced spontaneous brain activity may be a predominant neural marker for brain maturation. In addition, decreased dALFF variability in the default mode network (DMN) and limbic system may reflect unusually dynamic neural activity. This dysfunctional brain activity could distinguish between patients and HCs and deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of EOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zexuan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chengxiang Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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22
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Yang C, Luo N, Liang M, Zhou S, Yu Q, Zhang J, Zhang M, Guo J, Wang H, Yu J, Cui Q, Chen H, Gao Q. Altered Brain Functional Connectivity Density in Fast-Ball Sports Athletes With Early Stage of Motor Training. Front Psychol 2020; 11:530122. [PMID: 33101115 PMCID: PMC7546905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.530122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain shows neuroplastic adaptations caused by motor skill training. Of note, there is little known about the plastic architecture of the whole-brain network in resting state. The purpose of the present study was to detect how motor training affected the density distribution of whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was assessed based on a comparison of fast-ball student athletes (SA) and non-athlete healthy controls (NC). The voxel-wise data-driven graph theory approach, global functional connectivity density (gFCD) mapping, was applied. Results showed that the SA group exhibited significantly decreased gFCD in brain regions centered at the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), extending to the opercular part of the left IFG and middle frontal gyrus compared to the NC group. In addition, findings suggested the idea of an increased neural efficiency of athletes’ brain regions associated with attentional–motor modulation and executive control. Furthermore, behavioral results showed that in the SA group, faster executive control reaction time relates to smaller gFCD values in the left IFG. These findings suggested that the motor training would decrease the numbers of FC in IFG to accelerate the executive control with high attentional demands and enable SA to rapidly focus the attention to detect the intriguing target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Yang
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Luo
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Minfeng Liang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sihong Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Information Technology Center, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingpu Guo
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Wang
- The Third Department of Physical Education and Training, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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23
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Zhang Z, Liu G, Zheng W, Shi J, Liu H, Sun Y. Altered dynamic effective connectivity of the default mode network in newly diagnosed drug-naïve juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102431. [PMID: 32950903 PMCID: PMC7509229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) has been repeatedly revealed to be associated with brain dysconnectivity in the default mode network (DMN). However, the implicit assumption of stationary and nondirectional functional connectivity (FC) in most previous resting-state fMRI studies raises an open question of JME-related aberrations in dynamic causal properties of FC. Here, we introduces an empirical method incorporating sliding-window approach and a multivariate Granger causality analysis to investigate, for the first time, the reorganization of dynamic effective connectivity (DEC) in DMN for patients with JME. DEC was obtained from resting-state fMRI of 34 patients with newly diagnosed and drug-naïve JME and 34 matched controls. Through clustering analysis, we found two distinct states that characterize the DEC patterns (i.e., a less frequent, strongly connected state (State 1) and a more frequent, weakly connected state (State 2)). Patients showed altered ECs within DMN subnetworks in the State 2, whereas abnormal ECs between DMN subnetworks were found in the State 1. Furthermore, we observed that the causal influence flows of the medial prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus were altered in a manner of state specificity, and associated with disease severity of patients. Overall, our findings extend the dysconnectivity hypothesis in JME from static to dynamic causal FC and demonstrate that aberrant DEC may underlie abnormal brain function in JME at early phase of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Shi
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Zhang T, Shi Q, Li Y, Gao Y, Sun J, Miao A, Wu C, Chen Q, Hu Z, Guo H, Wang X. Frequency-Dependent Interictal Neuromagnetic Activities in Children With Benign Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes: A Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:264. [PMID: 32742261 PMCID: PMC7365040 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate interictal neuromagnetic activities in the low- to high-frequency ranges in patients with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS), especially those without interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). Methods: We studied 21 clinically-diagnosed BECTS patients and 11 age-matched healthy controls (HC) using high-sampling magnetoencephalography (MEG). Neuromagnetic sources were assessed with accumulated source imaging (ASI). The MEG data were analyzed in seven frequency bands. The MEG recordings distinguished BECTS without IEDs (n = 10) from those with IEDs (n = 11) and HC (n = 11). Results: At 1–4 Hz, the neuromagnetic activities in healthy subjects tended to locate at the precuneus/posterior cingulate, while those of the BECTS patients without IEDs tended to locate at the medial frontal cortex (MFC) compared to BECTS patients with IEDs. The MEG source imaging at 30–80 Hz revealed that BECTS patients without IEDs had higher occurrences of interictal brain activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) compared to controls and the brain activity strength seemed to be weaker. There was a significant correlation between the source strength of the interictal gamma oscillations of BECTS patients without IEDs and the duration of epilepsy. Conclusions: IEDs might disrupt the default mode network (DMN). Aberrant brain activities in BECTS patients without IEDs were associated with cognitive areas of the brain. The strength of gamma oscillations in the chronic epilepsy state reflected the duration of BECTS. Significance: MEG could reveal the aberrant neural activities in BECTS patients during the interictal period, and such abnormality is frequency-dependent. Gamma oscillations could be used to identify BECTS patients without IEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jintao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ailiang Miao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- MEG Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Liu X, Tu L, Chen X, Zhong M, Niu M, Zhao L, Lu Z, Huang R. Dynamic Language Network in Early and Late Cantonese-Mandarin Bilinguals. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1189. [PMID: 32625136 PMCID: PMC7314931 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain representation of language in bilinguals is sculptured by several factors, such as age of acquisition (AoA) and proficiency level (PL) in second language. Although the effect of AoA-L2 on brain function and structure has been studied, little attention is devoted to dynamic properties of the language network and their differences between early and late bilinguals. In this study, we acquired resting-state fMRI data from early and late Cantonese (L1)–Mandarin (L2) bilinguals with high PLs of verbal fluency in both languages. We then analyzed dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) by using the sliding-windows approach, estimated the dFC states by using the k-means clustering algorithm, and calculated the dynamic topological properties of the language network for the early and late bilinguals. We detected four dFC states, State 1, State 2, State 3, and State 4, which may be related to phonetic processing, semantic processing, language control, and syntactic processing, respectively. Compared to the late bilinguals, the early bilinguals showed higher dFC between the inferior frontal area and the temporal area in State 1 and State 2, while higher dFC between the cerebellum and other regions in State 3. The early bilinguals showed a higher clustering coefficient and local and global efficiency in State 1 and State 3, but lower characteristic path length in State 1, than the late bilinguals. Together, these results suggested that AoA-L2 affects temporal neural activation and dynamic topological properties of the language network. These findings provide new information to understand the effect of experience of L2 acquisition on language network in bilinguals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Tu
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Niu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Lu
- Guangdong Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Research and Services, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Leng X, Xiang J, Yang Y, Yu T, Qi X, Zhang X, Wu S, Wang Y. Frequency-specific changes in the default mode network in patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2447-2459. [PMID: 32096905 PMCID: PMC7268086 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify abnormal functional connectivity of the default mode network in cingulate gyrus epilepsy, which may yield new information about the default mode network and suggest a new cingulate gyrus epilepsy biomarker. Fifteen patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy (mean age = 21 years) and 15 healthy controls (mean age = 24 years) were studied in the resting state using magnetoencephalography. Twelve brain areas of interest in the default mode network were extracted and investigated with multifrequency signals that included alpha (α, 8–13 Hz), beta (β, 14–30 Hz), and gamma (γ, 31–80 Hz) band oscillations. Patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy had significantly greater connectivity in all three frequency bands (α, β, γ). A frequency‐specific elevation of functional connectivity was found in patients compared to controls. The greater functional connectivity in the γ band was significantly more prominent than that of the α and β bands. Patients with cingulate gyrus epilepsy and controls differed significantly in functional connectivity between the left angular gyrus and left posterior cingulate cortex in the α, β, and γ bands. The results of the node degree analysis were similar to those of the functional connectivity analysis. Our findings reveal for the first time that brain activity in the γ band may play a key role in the default mode network in cingulate gyrus epilepsy. Altered functional connectivity of the left angular gyrus and left posterior cingulate cortex may be a new biomarker for cingulate gyrus epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Leng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- MEG Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yingxue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiating Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Cui Q, Sheng W, Chen Y, Pang Y, Lu F, Tang Q, Han S, Shen Q, Wang Y, Xie A, Huang J, Li D, Lei T, He Z, Chen H. Dynamic changes of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:1667-1676. [PMID: 31849148 PMCID: PMC7267950 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies have mainly focused on alterations of static and dynamic functional connectivity in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, the characteristics of local brain activity over time in GAD are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the abnormal time‐varying local brain activity of GAD by using the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method combined with sliding‐window approach. Group comparison results showed that compared with healthy controls (HCs), patients with GAD exhibited increased dynamic ALFF (dALFF) variability in widespread regions, including the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum; and left orbital frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, temporal pole, inferior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. The abnormal dALFF could be used to distinguish between patients with GAD and HCs. Increased dALFF variability values in the striatum were positively correlated with GAD symptom severity. These findings suggest that GAD patients are associated with abnormal temporal variability of local brain activity in regions implicated in executive, emotional, and social function. This study provides insight into the brain dysfunction of GAD from the perspective of dynamic local brain activity, highlighting the important role of dALFF variability in understanding neurophysiological mechanisms and potentially informing the diagnosis of GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyan Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Pang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Education Center for Students Cultural Qualities, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ailing Xie
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Huang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongling He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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28
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Dai XJ, Xu Q, Hu J, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Lu G. BECTS Substate Classification by Granger Causality Density Based Support Vector Machine Model. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1201. [PMID: 31798523 PMCID: PMC6868120 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the performance of substate classification of children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) by granger causality density (GCD) based support vector machine (SVM) model. Methods: Forty-two children with BECTS (21 females, 21 males; mean age, 8.6 ± 1.96 years) were classified into interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs; 11 females, 10 males) and non-IEDs (10 females, 11 males) substates depending on presence of central-temporal spikes or not. GCD was calculated on four metrics, including inflow, outflow, total-flow (inflow + outflow) and int-flow (inflow – outflow) connectivity. SVM classifier was applied to discriminate the two substates. Results: The Rolandic area, caudate, dorsal attention network, visual cortex, language networks, and cerebellum had discriminative effect on distinguishing the two substates. Relative to each of the four GCD metrics, using combined metrics could reach up the classification performance (best value; AUC, 0.928; accuracy rate, 90.83%; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 95%), especially for the combinations with more than three GCD metrics. Specially, combined the inflow, outflow and int-flow metric received the best classification performance with the highest AUC value, classification accuracy and specificity. Furthermore, the GCD-SVM model received good and stable classification performance across 14 dimension reduced data sets. Conclusions: The GCD-SVM model could be used for BECTS substate classification, which might have the potential to provide a promising model for IEDs detection. This may help assist clinicians for administer drugs and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jian Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - QiRui Zhang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Guo X, Duan X, Chen H, He C, Xiao J, Han S, Fan YS, Guo J, Chen H. Altered inter- and intrahemispheric functional connectivity dynamics in autistic children. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:419-428. [PMID: 31600014 PMCID: PMC7268059 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has associated autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with static functional connectivity abnormalities between multiple brain regions. However, the temporal dynamics of intra‐ and interhemispheric functional connectivity patterns remain unknown in ASD. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed for 105 ASD and 102 demographically matched typically developing control (TC) children (age range: 7–12 years) available from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Whole‐brain functional connectivity was decomposed into ipsilateral and contralateral functional connectivity, and sliding‐window analysis was utilized to capture the intra‐ and interhemispheric dynamic functional connectivity density (dFCD) patterns. The temporal variability of the functional connectivity dynamics was further quantified using the standard deviation (SD) of intra‐ and interhemispheric dFCD across time. Finally, a support vector regression model was constructed to assess the relationship between abnormal dFCD variance and autism symptom severity. Both intra‐ and interhemispheric comparisons showed increased dFCD variability in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex and decreased variability in the fusiform gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus in autistic children compared with TC children. Autistic children additionally showed lower intrahemispheric dFCD variability in sensorimotor regions including the precentral/postcentral gyrus. Moreover, aberrant temporal variability of the contralateral dFCD predicted the severity of social communication impairments in autistic children. These findings demonstrate altered temporal dynamics of the intra‐ and interhemispheric functional connectivity in brain regions incorporating social brain network of ASD, and highlight the potential role of abnormal interhemispheric communication dynamics in neural substrates underlying impaired social processing in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xujun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Changchun He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Xiao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Shuang Fan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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30
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Shamshiri EA, Sheybani L, Vulliemoz S. The Role of EEG-fMRI in Studying Cognitive Network Alterations in Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1033. [PMID: 31608007 PMCID: PMC6771300 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain functions do not arise from isolated brain regions, but from interactions in widespread networks necessary for both normal and pathological conditions. These Intrinsic Connectivity Networks (ICNs) support cognitive processes such as language, memory, or executive functions, but can be disrupted by epileptic activity. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI can help explore the hemodynamic changes associated with focal or generalized epileptic discharges, thus providing information about both transient and non-transient impairment of cognitive networks related to spatio-temporal overlap with epileptic activity. In the following review, we discuss the importance of interictal discharges and their impact on cognition in different epilepsy syndromes. We explore the cognitive impact of interictal activity in both animal models and human connectivity networks in order to confirm that this effect could have a possible clinical impact for prescribing medication and characterizing post-surgical outcome. Future work is needed to further investigate electrophysiological changes, such as amplitude/latency of single evoked responses or spontaneous epileptic activity in either scalp or intracranial EEG and determine its relative change in hemodynamic response with subsequent network modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhum A Shamshiri
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Sheybani
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Vulliemoz
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Neurology Clinic, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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31
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Bear JJ, Chapman KE, Tregellas JR. The epileptic network and cognition: What functional connectivity is teaching us about the childhood epilepsies. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1491-1507. [PMID: 31247129 PMCID: PMC7175745 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to summarize and evaluate the rapidly expanding body of literature studying functional connectivity in childhood epilepsy. In the self-limited childhood epilepsies, awareness of cognitive comorbidities has been steadily increasing, and recent advances in our understanding of the network effects of these disorders promise insights into the underlying neurobiology. We reviewed publications addressing functional connectivity in children with epilepsy with an emphasis on studies of children with self-limited childhood epilepsies. The majority of studies have been published in the past 10 years and predominantly examine childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and childhood absence epilepsy. Cognitive network alterations are commonly observed across the childhood epilepsies. Some of these effects appear to be nonspecific to epilepsy syndrome or even to category of neurological disorder. Other patterns, such as changes in the connectivity of cortical language areas in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, provide clues to the underlying cognitive deficits seen in affected children. The literature to date is dominated by general observations of connectivity patterns without a priori hypotheses. These data-driven studies build an important foundation for hypothesis generation and are already providing useful insights into the neuropathology of the childhood epilepsies. Future work should emphasize hypothesis-driven approaches and rigorous clinical correlations to better understand how the knowledge of network alterations can be applied to guidance and treatment for the children in our clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Bear
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children’s Hospital Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Kevin E Chapman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children’s Hospital Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center
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32
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Valsasina P, Hidalgo de la Cruz M, Filippi M, Rocca MA. Characterizing Rapid Fluctuations of Resting State Functional Connectivity in Demyelinating, Neurodegenerative, and Psychiatric Conditions: From Static to Time-Varying Analysis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:618. [PMID: 31354402 PMCID: PMC6636554 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at resting state (RS) has been widely used to characterize the main brain networks. Functional connectivity (FC) has been mostly assessed assuming that FC is static across the whole fMRI examination. However, FC is highly variable at a very fast time-scale, as demonstrated by neurophysiological techniques. Time-varying functional connectivity (TVC) is a novel approach that allows capturing reoccurring patterns of interaction among functional brain networks. Aim of this review is to provide a description of the methods currently used to assess TVC on RS fMRI data, and to summarize the main results of studies applying TVC in healthy controls and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). An overview of the main results obtained in neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions is also provided. The most popular TVC approach is based on the so-called “sliding windows,” in which the RS fMRI acquisition is divided in small temporal segments (windows). A window of fixed length is shifted over RS fMRI time courses, and data within each window are used to calculate FC and its variability over time. Sliding windows can be combined with clustering techniques to identify recurring FC states or used to assess global TVC properties of large-scale functional networks or specific brain regions. TVC studies have used heterogeneous methodologies so far. Despite this, similar results have been obtained across investigations. In healthy subjects, the default-mode network (DMN) exhibited the highest degree of connectivity dynamism. In MS patients, abnormal global TVC properties and TVC strengths were found mainly in sensorimotor, DMN and salience networks, and were associated with more severe structural MRI damage and with more severe physical and cognitive disability. Conversely, abnormal TVC measures of the temporal network were correlated with better cognitive performances and less severe fatigue. In patients with neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions, TVC abnormalities of the DMN, attention and executive networks were associated to more severe clinical manifestations. TVC helps to provide novel insights into fundamental properties of functional networks, and improves the understanding of brain reorganization mechanisms. Future technical advances might help to clarify TVC association with disease prognosis and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Valsasina
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Milagros Hidalgo de la Cruz
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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