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Feldman L. Hypoxia within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: a master saboteur of novel treatments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1384249. [PMID: 38994360 PMCID: PMC11238147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in adults that, despite maximum treatment, carry a dismal prognosis. GBM tumors exhibit tissue hypoxia, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and maintenance of glioma stem cells and creates an overall immunosuppressive landscape. This article reviews how hypoxic conditions overlap with inflammatory responses, favoring the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells and inhibiting cytotoxic T cell development. Immunotherapies, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy, represent promising avenues for GBM treatment. However, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive TME, and BBB restrictiveness hinder their effectiveness. Strategies to address these challenges, including combination therapies and targeting hypoxia, are actively being explored to improve outcomes for GBM patients. Targeting hypoxia in combination with immunotherapy represents a potential strategy to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Feldman
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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2
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Yuan M, Ding H, Guo B, Yang M, Yang Y, Xu XS. Image-Based Subtype Classification for Glioblastoma Using Deep Learning: Prognostic Significance and Biologic Relevance. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2024; 8:e2300154. [PMID: 38231003 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To apply deep learning algorithms to histopathology images, construct image-based subtypes independent of known clinical and molecular classifications for glioblastoma, and produce novel insights into molecular and immune characteristics of the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using whole-slide hematoxylin and eosin images from 214 patients with glioblastoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a fine-tuned convolutional neural network model extracted deep learning features. Biclustering was used to identify subtypes and image feature modules. Prognostic value of image subtypes was assessed via Cox regression on survival outcomes and validated with 189 samples from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) data set. Morphological, molecular, and immune characteristics of glioblastoma image subtypes were analyzed. RESULTS Four distinct subtypes and modules (imClust1-4) were identified for the TCGA patients with glioblastoma on the basis of the image feature data. The glioblastoma image subtypes were significantly associated with overall survival (OS; P = .028) and progression-free survival (P = .003). Apparent association was also observed for disease-specific survival (P = .096). imClust2 had the best prognosis for all three survival end points (eg, after 25 months, imClust2 had >7% surviving patients than the other subtypes). Examination of OS in the external validation using the unseen CPTAC data set showed consistent patterns. Multivariable Cox analyses confirmed that the image subtypes carry unique prognostic information independent of known clinical and molecular predictors. Molecular and immune profiling revealed distinct immune compositions of the tumor microenvironment in different image subtypes and may provide biologic explanations for the patterns in patients' outcomes. CONCLUSION Our image-based subtype classification on the basis of deep learning models is a novel tool to refine risk stratification in cancers. The image subtypes detected for glioblastoma represent a promising prognostic biomarker with distinct molecular and immune characteristics and may facilitate developing novel, individualized immunotherapies for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yuan
- Department of Health Data Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haolun Ding
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bangwei Guo
- School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Clinical Pathology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaning Yang
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Steven Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Science, Genmab Inc, Princeton, NJ
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Tutunchi S, Bereimipour A, Ghaderian SMH. Hsa_circITGA4/ miR-1468/EGFR/ PTEN a Master Regulators Axis in Glioblastoma Development and Progression. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:90-101. [PMID: 37031335 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
In the fight against glioblastoma, circular RNA is emerging as a functional molecule. However, how circular RNA (circRNA) is regulated and what role it plays is still a mystery. In this research, different bioinformatics approaches were used to evaluate glioblastoma circRNA sequencing and array data, with the goal of developing a putative molecular sponge mechanism control network. The circRNAs were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. MicroRNA-circRNA interactions were predicted using CircInteractome. The microRNAs' expression and survival trends were screened using the TCGA database. MicroRNA gene targets were predicted using the MiRnet database. Sponge network gene candidates were screened using data from the GEPIA. The roles of the targeted genes were to be explained by analyzing data from Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. To build the network and display the outcomes, we utilized python program, and enrichment online Bioinformatics databases. The circRNAs hsa_circITGA4_002, hsa_circITGA4_001, hsa_circITGA4_003, hsa_circ_0030855, hsa_circ_0030857 were chosen from among GBM patients and control group. Upregulation of hsa-miR-1468, hsa-miR-3683, hsa-miR-1273c, and hsa-miR-4665-3p were associated with a poor prognosis in GBM. MicroRNA targets such as ITGA4, LAMA2, EGFR, PTEN, COL1A4, and NCAM2 were analyzed using expression and survival data. The Apoptosis, cell adhesion molecules, PI3K/AKT and P53 signaling pathways were the most abundant functional categories among gene targets. The circRNA molecular sponge regulatory network includes hsa-miR-1468 and hsa-miR-4665-3p. In this network, hs hsa_circITGA4_002, hsa_circITGA4_001, hsa_circ_0030857, EGFR, PTEN, and ITGA4 may represent GBM therapeutic targets. Their role in GBM needs additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tutunchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bereimipour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Tech Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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de Ruiter Swain J, Michalopoulou E, Noch EK, Lukey MJ, Van Aelst L. Metabolic partitioning in the brain and its hijacking by glioblastoma. Genes Dev 2023; 37:681-702. [PMID: 37648371 PMCID: PMC10546978 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350693.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The different cell types in the brain have highly specialized roles with unique metabolic requirements. Normal brain function requires the coordinated partitioning of metabolic pathways between these cells, such as in the neuron-astrocyte glutamate-glutamine cycle. An emerging theme in glioblastoma (GBM) biology is that malignant cells integrate into or "hijack" brain metabolism, co-opting neurons and glia for the supply of nutrients and recycling of waste products. Moreover, GBM cells communicate via signaling metabolites in the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth and induce immune suppression. Recent findings in this field point toward new therapeutic strategies to target the metabolic exchange processes that fuel tumorigenesis and suppress the anticancer immune response in GBM. Here, we provide an overview of the intercellular division of metabolic labor that occurs in both the normal brain and the GBM tumor microenvironment and then discuss the implications of these interactions for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed de Ruiter Swain
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | | | - Evan K Noch
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
| | - Linda Van Aelst
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA;
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Liu H, Zhang L, Tan Y, Jiang Y, Lu H. Observation of the delineation of the target volume of radiotherapy in adult-type diffuse gliomas after temozolomide-based chemoradiotherapy: analysis of recurrence patterns and predictive factors. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:16. [PMID: 36691100 PMCID: PMC9872393 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for adult-type diffuse gliomas, but recurrences are inevitable. Our study assessed the prognosis and recurrence pattern of different radiotherapy volumes after temozolomide-based chemoradiation in our institution. METHODS The treatment plans were classified into two groups, the plan 1 intentionally involved the entire edema area while plan 2 did not. Retrospectively investigate the differences in outcomes of 118 adult-type diffuse gliomas patients between these two treatment plans. Then, patients who underwent relapse were selected to analyze their recurrence patterns. Continuous dynamic magnetic resonance images (MRI) were collected to categorized the recurrence patterns into central, in-field, marginal, distant, and cerebrospinal fluid dissemination (CSF-d) recurrence. Finally, the clinical and molecular characteristics which influenced progression were analyzed. RESULTS Plan 1 (n = 63) showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 9.5 and 26.4 months while plan 2 (n = 55) showed a median PFS and OS of 9.4 and 36.5 months (p = 0.418; p = 0.388). Treatment target volume had no effect on the outcome in patients with adult-type diffuse gliomas. And there was no difference in radiation toxicity (p = 0.388). Among the 90 relapsed patients, a total of 58 (64.4%) patients had central recurrence, 10 (11.1%) patients had in-field recurrence, 3 (3.3%) patients had marginal recurrence, 11 (12.2.%) patients had distant recurrence, and 8 (8.9%) patients had CSF-d recurrence. By treatment plans, the recurrence patterns were similar and there was no significant difference in survival. Reclassifying the progression pattern into local and non-local groups, we observed that oligodendroglioma (n = 10) all relapsed in local and no difference in PFS and OS between the two groups (p > 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that subventricular zone (SVZ) involvement was the independent risk factor for non-local recurrence in patients with GBM (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In our study, deliberately including or not the entire edema had no impact on prognosis and recurrence. Patients with varied recurrence patterns had diverse clinical and genetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ye Tan
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijun Lu
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Costas‐Insua C, Guzmán M. Endocannabinoid signaling in glioma. Glia 2023; 71:127-138. [PMID: 35322459 PMCID: PMC9790654 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas constitute the most frequent and aggressive form of primary brain cancer in adults. These tumors express cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as other elements of the endocannabinoid system. Accruing preclinical evidence supports that pharmacological activation of cannabinoid receptors located on glioma cells exerts overt anti-tumoral effects by modulating key intracellular signaling pathways. The mechanism of this cannabinoid receptor-evoked anti-tumoral activity in experimental models of glioma is intricate and may involve an inhibition not only of cancer cell survival/proliferation, but also of invasiveness, angiogenesis, and the stem cell-like properties of cancer cells, thereby affecting the complex tumor microenvironment. However, the precise biological role of the endocannabinoid system in the generation and progression of glioma seems very context-dependent and remains largely unknown. Increasing our basic knowledge on how (endo)cannabinoids act on glioma cells could help to optimize experimental cannabinoid-based anti-tumoral therapies, as well as the preliminary clinical testing that is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Costas‐Insua
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense UniversityMadridSpain,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)MadridSpain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyInstituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense UniversityMadridSpain,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)MadridSpain
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Boot J, Rosser G, Kancheva D, Vinel C, Lim YM, Pomella N, Zhang X, Guglielmi L, Sheer D, Barnes M, Brandner S, Nelander S, Movahedi K, Marino S. Global hypo-methylation in a proportion of glioblastoma enriched for an astrocytic signature is associated with increased invasion and altered immune landscape. eLife 2022; 11:e77335. [PMID: 36412091 PMCID: PMC9681209 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a subset of glioblastoma, the most prevalent malignant adult brain tumour, harbouring a bias towards hypomethylation at defined differentially methylated regions. This epigenetic signature correlates with an enrichment for an astrocytic gene signature, which together with the identification of enriched predicted binding sites of transcription factors known to cause demethylation and to be involved in astrocytic/glial lineage specification, point to a shared ontogeny between these glioblastomas and astroglial progenitors. At functional level, increased invasiveness, at least in part mediated by SRPX2, and macrophage infiltration characterise this subset of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Boot
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dailya Kancheva
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Claire Vinel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yau Mun Lim
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Loredana Guglielmi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Denise Sheer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom
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Moiso E, Farahani A, Marble HD, Hendricks A, Mildrum S, Levine S, Lennerz JK, Garg S. Developmental Deconvolution for Classification of Cancer Origin. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2566-2585. [PMID: 36041084 PMCID: PMC9627133 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is partly a developmental disease, with malignancies named based on cell or tissue of origin. However, a systematic atlas of tumor origins is lacking. Here we map the single-cell organogenesis of 56 developmental trajectories to the transcriptomes of over 10,000 tumors across 33 cancer types. We deconvolute tumor transcriptomes into signals for individual developmental trajectories. Using these signals as inputs, we construct a developmental multilayer perceptron (D-MLP) classifier that outputs cancer origin. D-MLP (ROC-AUC: 0.974 for top prediction) outperforms benchmark classifiers. We analyze tumors from patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP), selecting the most difficult cases in which extensive multimodal workup yielded no definitive tumor type. Interestingly, CUPs form groups distinguished by developmental trajectories, and classification reveals diagnosis for patient tumors. Our results provide an atlas of tumor developmental origins, provide a tool for diagnostic pathology, and suggest developmental classification may be a useful approach for patient tumors. SIGNIFICANCE Here we map the developmental trajectories of tumors. We deconvolute tumor transcriptomes into signals for mammalian developmental programs and use this information to construct a deep learning classifier that outputs tumor type. We apply the classifier to CUP and reveal the developmental origins of patient tumors. See related commentary by Wang, p. 2498. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Moiso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard-MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Farahani
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hetal D. Marble
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Austin Hendricks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel Mildrum
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stuart Levine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K. Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Salil Garg
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ion Channel Drugs Suppress Cancer Phenotype in NG108-15 and U87 Cells: Toward Novel Electroceuticals for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061499. [PMID: 35326650 PMCID: PMC8946312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a lethal brain cancer that commonly recurs after tumor resection and chemotherapy treatment. Depolarized resting membrane potentials and an acidic intertumoral extracellular pH have been associated with a proliferative state and drug resistance, suggesting that forced hyperpolarization and disruption of proton pumps in the plasma membrane could be a successful strategy for targeting glioblastoma overgrowth. We screened 47 compounds and compound combinations, most of which were ion-modulating, at different concentrations in the NG108-15 rodent neuroblastoma/glioma cell line. A subset of these were tested in the U87 human glioblastoma cell line. A FUCCI cell cycle reporter was stably integrated into both cell lines to monitor proliferation and cell cycle response. Immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology, and a panel of physiological dyes reporting voltage, calcium, and pH were used to characterize responses. The most effective treatments on proliferation in U87 cells were combinations of NS1643 and pantoprazole; retigabine and pantoprazole; and pantoprazole or NS1643 with temozolomide. Marker analysis and physiological dye signatures suggest that exposure to bioelectric drugs significantly reduces proliferation, makes the cells senescent, and promotes differentiation. These results, along with the observed low toxicity in human neurons, show the high efficacy of electroceuticals utilizing combinations of repurposed FDA approved drugs.
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Bausart M, Préat V, Malfanti A. Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: the promise of combination strategies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:35. [PMID: 35078492 PMCID: PMC8787896 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment has remained almost unchanged for more than 20 years. The current standard of care involves surgical resection (if possible) followed by concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy strategies have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers, increasing the hope for GBM therapy. However, mostly due to the high, multifactorial immunosuppression occurring in the microenvironment, the poor knowledge of the neuroimmune system and the presence of the blood-brain barrier, the efficacy of immunotherapy in GBM is still low. Recently, new strategies for GBM treatments have employed immunotherapy combinations and have provided encouraging results in both preclinical and clinical studies. The lessons learned from clinical trials highlight the importance of tackling different arms of immunity. In this review, we aim to summarize the preclinical evidence regarding combination immunotherapy in terms of immune and survival benefits for GBM management. The outcomes of recent studies assessing the combination of different classes of immunotherapeutic agents (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade and vaccines) will be discussed. Finally, future strategies to ameliorate the efficacy of immunotherapy and facilitate clinical translation will be provided to address the unmet medical needs of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bausart
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Wang Z, Du F, Ren Y, Jiang W. Treatment of MGMT promoter unmethylated glioblastoma with PD-1 inhibitor combined with anti-angiogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: a case report. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1508. [PMID: 34805370 PMCID: PMC8573431 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancy in adults and is associated with poor prognosis, especially even worse in those with unmethylated MGMT promoter. Currently, maximal safe resection combined with temozolomide (TMZ) concurrent chemoradiotherapy and TMZ adjuvant chemotherapy has been considered the standard treatment for newly diagnosed GBM. The efficacy of drugs other than TMZ is currently undefined. With increasing understanding of the biological characteristics of GBM, more and more studies are being conducted on drug targets, such as specific signaling pathways and microenvironment. Herein, we report the case of a GBM patient with unmethylated MGMT promoter who was intolerant to TMZ, and underwent treatment with the combination of carelizumab, anlotinib, and oxitinib during radiotherapy according to results of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and the patient’s condition. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for this case were respectively nearly 11 and 18 months, significantly exceeding the historical data and the tolerance of the treatment for this case without sever adverse effects was favorable. Our case provides clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of the above three drugs and radiotherapy, which may translate into novel individualized treatment strategies for GBM patients who are intolerant to TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangfang Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Stevanovic M, Kovacevic-Grujicic N, Mojsin M, Milivojevic M, Drakulic D. SOX transcription factors and glioma stem cells: Choosing between stemness and differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1417-1445. [PMID: 34786152 PMCID: PMC8567447 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, most aggressive and deadliest brain tumor. Recently, remarkable progress has been made towards understanding the cellular and molecular biology of gliomas. GBM tumor initiation, progression and relapse as well as resistance to treatments are associated with glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs exhibit a high proliferation rate and self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into diverse cell types, generating a range of distinct cell types within the tumor, leading to cellular heterogeneity. GBM tumors may contain different subsets of GSCs, and some of them may adopt a quiescent state that protects them against chemotherapy and radiotherapy. GSCs enriched in recurrent gliomas acquire more aggressive and therapy-resistant properties, making them more malignant, able to rapidly spread. The impact of SOX transcription factors (TFs) on brain tumors has been extensively studied in the last decade. Almost all SOX genes are expressed in GBM, and their expression levels are associated with patient prognosis and survival. Numerous SOX TFs are involved in the maintenance of the stemness of GSCs or play a role in the initiation of GSC differentiation. The fine-tuning of SOX gene expression levels controls the balance between cell stemness and differentiation. Therefore, innovative therapies targeting SOX TFs are emerging as promising tools for combatting GBM. Combatting GBM has been a demanding and challenging goal for decades. The current therapeutic strategies have not yet provided a cure for GBM and have only resulted in a slight improvement in patient survival. Novel approaches will require the fine adjustment of multimodal therapeutic strategies that simultaneously target numerous hallmarks of cancer cells to win the battle against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
- Chair Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11158, Serbia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Natasa Kovacevic-Grujicic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
| | - Marija Mojsin
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
| | - Milena Milivojevic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
| | - Danijela Drakulic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11042, Serbia
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Yamamoto H, Yamamura K, Nagasaki H, Suzuki T, Ninomiya F, Matsubara K, Harada N, Ohkubo S. Genome editing of Nf1, Pten, and Trp53 in neonatal mice induces glioblastomas positive for oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2. J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:359-365. [PMID: 34629735 PMCID: PMC8484922 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate a mouse glioblastoma model by genome editing, we introduced Cas9 protein and
guide RNAs specific for Nf1, Pten, and
Trp53 into the neonatal mouse forebrain by electroporation. We found a
high incidence (approximately 90%) of glial tumor development, including glioblastomas, 15
weeks later. The histological features of the tumors were similar to those of diffuse
gliomas and, in some cases, similar to human glioblastomas, with microvascular
proliferation (glomeruloid structure). In addition, unlike glial fibrillary acidic protein
(GFAP)-positive glioblastomas generated using a similar method in a previous model, the
majority of tumor cells were positive for oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2,
but negative for GFAP and neurofilaments. One base pair insertions identical to those seen
in a previous model were found around the target sequences in Nf1,
Pten, and Trp53, and additional deletions were found
only in Pten. Considering that the histological characteristics were
different from those seen in the previous model, our new model provides an additional
research tool to investigate the early stages of glioblastoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yamamoto
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamamura
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Haruka Nagasaki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ninomiya
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsubara
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Naomoto Harada
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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14
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Larrouquère L, Berthier S, Chovelon B, Garrel C, Vacchina V, Paucot H, Boutonnat J, Faure P, Hazane-Puch F. Preclinical Evaluation of Sodium Selenite in Mice: Toxicological and Tumor Regression Studies after Striatum Implantation of Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910646. [PMID: 34638987 PMCID: PMC8508933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant glioma, with a very poor prognosis; as such, efforts to explore new treatments and GBM’s etiology are a priority. We previously described human GBM cells (R2J-GS) as exhibiting the properties of cancer stem cells (growing in serum-free medium and proliferating into nude mice when orthotopically grafted). Sodium selenite (SS)—an in vitro attractive agent for cancer therapy against GBM—was evaluated in R2J-GS cells. To go further, we launched a preclinical study: SS was given orally, in an escalation-dose study (2.25 to 10.125 mg/kg/day, 5 days on, 2 days off, and 5 days on), to evaluate (1) the absorption of selenium in plasma and organs (brain, kidney, liver, and lung) and (2) the SS toxicity. A 6.75 mg/kg SS dose was chosen to perform a tumor regression assay, followed by MRI, in R2J-GS cells orthotopically implanted in nude mice, as this dose was nontoxic and increased brain selenium concentration. A group receiving TMZ (5 mg/kg) was led in parallel. Although not reaching statistical significance, the group of mice treated with SS showed a slower tumor growth vs. the control group (p = 0.08). No difference was observed between the TMZ and control groups. We provide new insights of the mechanisms of SS and its possible use in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Larrouquère
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, 69000 Lyon, France;
| | - Sylvie Berthier
- Cytometry Platform, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (J.B.)
- Unit of Anatomopathology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 380000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Chovelon
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Garrel
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
| | | | - Hugues Paucot
- University of Pau & des Pays de l’Adour, FORCO, Bâtiment d’Alembert-Rue Jules Ferry, BP 27540-64075 Pau CEDEX, France;
| | - Jean Boutonnat
- Cytometry Platform, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (S.B.); (J.B.)
- Unit of Anatomopathology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 380000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Faure
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Hazane-Puch
- Unit Nutritional and Hormonal Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Grenoble Alpes Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France; (B.C.); (C.G.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-476769316
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15
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Chemoprevention and therapeutic role of essential oils and phenolic compounds: Modeling tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105638. [PMID: 33933637 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Current treatments available for GBM entails surgical resection followed by temozolomide chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, which are associated with multidrug resistance and severe side effects. While this treatment could yield good results, in almost all cases, patients suffer from relapse, which leads to reduced survival rates. Thus, therapeutic approaches with improved efficiency and reduced off-target risks are needed to overcome these problems. Regarding this, natural products appear as a safe and attractive strategy as chemotherapeutic agents or adjuvants in the treatment of GBM. Besides the increasing role of natural compounds for chemoprevention of GBM, it has been proposed to prevent carcinogenesis and metastasis of GBM. Numerous investigations showed that natural products are able to inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis, to induce apoptosis, and to target GBM stem cells, which are associated with tumor development and recurrence. This review gives a timely and comprehensive overview of the current literature regarding chemoprevention and therapy of GBM by natural products with a focus on essential oils and phenolic compounds and their molecular mechanisms.
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16
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Bakhshinyan D, Savage N, Salim SK, Venugopal C, Singh SK. The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde: Parallels Between Neural Stem Cells and Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:603738. [PMID: 33489908 PMCID: PMC7820896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.603738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, radial glial precursor cells give rise to neural lineages, and a small proportion persist in the adult mammalian brain to contribute to long-term neuroplasticity. Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two neurogenic niches of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). NSCs in the SVZ are endowed with the defining stem cell properties of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, which are maintained by intrinsic cellular programs, and extrinsic cellular and niche-specific interactions. In glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer, a subpopulation of cells termed glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit similar stem-like properties. While there is an extensive overlap between NSCs and GSCs in function, distinct genetic profiles, transcriptional programs, and external environmental cues influence their divergent behavior. This review highlights the similarities and differences between GSCs and SVZ NSCs in terms of their gene expression, regulatory molecular pathways, niche organization, metabolic programs, and current therapies designed to exploit these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bakhshinyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sabra Khalid Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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17
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Glioblastoma with a primitive neuroectodermal component: two cases with implications for glioblastoma cell-of-origin. Clin Imaging 2020; 73:139-145. [PMID: 33406475 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy, but much remains unknown about the histogenesis of these tumors. In the great majority of cases, GBM is a purely glial tumor but in rare cases the classic-appearing high-grade glioma component is admixed with regions of small round blue cells with neuronal immunophenotype, and these tumors have been defined in the WHO 2016 Classification as "glioblastoma with a primitive neuronal component." METHODS In this paper, we present two cases of GBM-PNC with highly divergent clinical courses, and review current theories for the GBM cell-of-origin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS GBM-PNC likely arises from a cell type competent to give rise to glial or neuronal lineages. The thesis that GBM recapitulates to some extent normal neurodevelopmental cellular pathways is supported by molecular and clinical features of our two cases of GBM-PNC, but more work is needed to determine which cellular precursor gives rise to specific cases of GBM. GBM-PNC may have a dramatically altered clinical course compared to standard GBM and may benefit from specific lines of treatment.
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18
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Fontán-Lozano Á, Morcuende S, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA, Benítez-Temiño B, Mejías R, Matarredona ER. To Become or Not to Become Tumorigenic: Subventricular Zone Versus Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:602217. [PMID: 33330101 PMCID: PMC7729188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the adult mammalian brain in two neurogenic regions: the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Compelling evidence suggests that NSCs of the subventricular zone could be the cell type of origin of glioblastoma, the most devastating brain tumor. Studies in glioblastoma patients revealed that NSCs of the tumor-free subventricular zone, harbor cancer-driver mutations that were found in the tumor cells but were not present in normal cortical tissue. Endogenous mutagenesis can also take place in hippocampal NSCs. However, to date, no conclusive studies have linked hippocampal mutations with glioblastoma development. In addition, glioblastoma cells often invade or are closely located to the subventricular zone, whereas they do not tend to infiltrate into the hippocampus. In this review we will analyze possible causes by which subventricular zone NSCs might be more susceptible to malignant transformation than their hippocampal counterparts. Cellular and molecular differences between the two neurogenic niches, as well as genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of their respective NSCs will be discussed regarding why the cell type originating glioblastoma brain tumors has been linked mainly to subventricular zone, but not to hippocampal NSCs.
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19
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Asad AS, Nicola Candia AJ, Gonzalez N, Zuccato CF, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. The role of the prolactin receptor pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma: what do we know so far? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1121-1133. [PMID: 32896197 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1821187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been associated with the development of hormone-dependent tumors and have been detected in glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and the prognosis for patients is dismal; hence researchers are exploring the PRLR pathway as a therapeutic target in this disease. Areas covered: This paper explores the effects of PRLR activation on the biology of GBM, the correlation between PRL and PRLR expression and GBM progression and survival in male and female patients. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of the PRLR pathway may allow the development of novel treatments for GBM. Expert opinion: We propose PRL and PRLR as potential prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GBM. Local administration of PRLR inhibitors using gene therapy may offer a beneficial strategy for targeting GBM cells disseminated in the non-neoplastic brain; however, efficacy and safety require careful and extensive evaluation. The data depicted herein underline the need to (i) improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in GBM, and (ii) develop accurate preclinical models that take into consideration different hormonal contexts, specific genetic alterations, and tumor grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela S Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila F Zuccato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Rosiak-Stec K, Grot D, Rieske P. Generation of induced neural stem cells with inducible IDH1R132H for analysis of glioma development and drug testing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239325. [PMID: 32946483 PMCID: PMC7500637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1R132H) occurs in various types of cancer, including low and high grade gliomas. Despite high incidence indicating its central role in tumor initiation and progression there are no targeted therapies directed against this oncogene available in the clinic. This is due to the limited understanding of the role of IDH1R132H in carcinogenesis, which is further propagated by the lack of appropriate experimental models. Moreover, proper in vitro models for analysis of gliomagenesis are required. In this study, we employed a Tet On system to generate human induced neural stem cells with doxycycline-inducible IDH1R132H. Equivalent expression of both forms of IDH1 in the presented model remains similar to that described in tumor cells. Additional biochemical analyses further confirmed tightly controlled gene regulation at protein level. Formation of a functional mutant IDH1 enzyme was supported by the production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). All samples tested for MGMT promoter methylation status, including parental cells, proved to be partially methylated. Analysis of biological effect of IDH1R132H revealed that cells positive for oncogene showed reduced differentation efficiency and viability. Inhibition of mutant IDH1 with selective inhibitor efficiently suppressed D2HG production as well as reversed the effect of mutant IDH1 protein on cell viability. In summary, our model constitutes a valuable platform for studies on the molecular basis and the cell of origin of IDH-mutant glioma (e.g. by editing P53 in these cells and their derivatives), as well as a reliable experimental model for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmara Grot
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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21
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Labusch M, Mancini L, Morizet D, Bally-Cuif L. Conserved and Divergent Features of Adult Neurogenesis in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:525. [PMID: 32695781 PMCID: PMC7338623 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, i.e., the generation of neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain, contributes to brain plasticity in all vertebrates. It varies, however, greatly in extent, location and physiological characteristics between species. During the last decade, the teleost zebrafish (D. rerio) was increasingly used to study the molecular and cellular properties of adult NSCs, in particular as a prominent NSC population was discovered at the ventricular surface of the dorsal telencephalon (pallium), in territories homologous to the adult neurogenic niches of rodents. This model, for its specific features (large NSC population, amenability to intravital imaging, high regenerative capacity) allowed rapid progress in the characterization of basic adult NSC features. We review here these findings, with specific comparisons with the situation in rodents. We specifically discuss the cellular nature of NSCs (astroglial or neuroepithelial cells), their heterogeneities and their neurogenic lineages, and the mechanisms controlling NSC quiescence and fate choices, which all impact the neurogenic output. We further discuss the regulation of NSC activity in response to physiological triggers and non-physiological conditions such as regenerative contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Labusch
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, CNRS, Team Supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Laure Mancini
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, CNRS, Team Supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - David Morizet
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, CNRS, Team Supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, CNRS, Team Supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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22
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Spencer SA, Suárez-Pozos E, Escalante M, Myo YP, Fuss B. Sodium-Calcium Exchangers of the SLC8 Family in Oligodendrocytes: Functional Properties in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1287-1297. [PMID: 31927687 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier 8 (SLC8) family of sodium-calcium exchangers (NCXs) functions as an essential regulatory system that couples opposite fluxes of sodium and calcium ions across plasmalemmal membranes. NCXs, thereby, play key roles in maintaining an ion homeostasis that preserves cellular integrity. Hence, alterations in NCX expression and regulation have been found to lead to ionic imbalances that are often associated with intracellular calcium overload and cell death. On the other hand, intracellular calcium has been identified as a key driver for a multitude of downstream signaling events that are crucial for proper functioning of biological systems, thus highlighting the need for a tightly controlled balance. In the CNS, NCXs have been primarily characterized in the context of synaptic transmission and ischemic brain damage. However, a much broader picture is emerging. NCXs are expressed by virtually all cells of the CNS including oligodendrocytes (OLGs), the cells that generate the myelin sheath. With a growing appreciation of dynamic calcium signals in OLGs, NCXs are becoming increasingly recognized for their crucial roles in shaping OLG function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In order to provide a current update, this review focuses on the importance of NCXs in cells of the OLG lineage. More specifically, it provides a brief introduction into plasmalemmal NCXs and their modes of activity, and it discusses the roles of OLG expressed NCXs in regulating CNS myelination and in contributing to CNS pathologies associated with detrimental effects on OLG lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Spencer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Miguel Escalante
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yu Par Myo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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