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Osztie R, Czeglédi T, Ross S, Stipsicz B, Kalydi E, Béni S, Boldizsár I, Riethmüller E, Bősze SE, Alberti Á. Comprehensive Characterization of Phytochemical Composition, Membrane Permeability, and Antiproliferative Activity of Juglans nigra Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6930. [PMID: 39000038 PMCID: PMC11241769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was the detailed polyphenol profiling of Juglans nigra and the characterization of the membrane permeability and antiproliferative properties of its main phenolics. A total of 161 compounds were tentatively identified in J. nigra bark, leaf, and pericarp extracts by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS/MS). Eight compounds including myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (86), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (106), quercetin-3-O-xyloside (74), juglone (141), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-4-oxonaphthalen-1-yl-6-O-galloyl-glucoside (92), ellagic acid (143), gallic acid (14), and ethyl gallate (58) were isolated from J. nigra pericarp. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the isolated compounds was investigated against three human cancer cell lines, confirming that juglone (141) inhibits cell proliferation in all of them, and has similar activity as the clinical standards. The permeability of the isolated compounds across biological membranes was evaluated by the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Both juglone (141) and ethyl-gallate (58) showed positive results in the blood-brain-barrier-specific PAMPA-BBB study. Juglone (141) also possesses logPe values which indicates that it may be able to cross both the GI and BBB membranes via passive diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Osztie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Tamás Czeglédi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Sarah Ross
- Department Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, Eilenburger Str. 14, 04317 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Bence Stipsicz
- Institute of Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Research Network, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Kalydi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 7., 1092 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Riethmüller
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Szilvia E. Bősze
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Research Network, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (R.O.); (T.C.); (I.B.); (E.R.)
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Zhan Y, Ma M, Chen Z, Ma A, Li S, Xia J, Jia Y. A Review on Extracts, Chemical Composition and Product Development of Walnut Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus. Foods 2023; 12:3379. [PMID: 37761088 PMCID: PMC10529104 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnuts are one of the world's most important nut species and are popular for their high nutritional value, but the processing of walnuts produces numerous by-products. Among them, Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus has attracted the attention of researchers due to its complex chemical composition and diverse bioactivities. However, comprehensive reviews of extract activity and mechanistic studies, chemical composition functionality, and product types are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the extracts, chemical composition, and product development of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus. Conclusions: For extracts, the biological activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts have been studied more extensively than those of methanol extracts, but almost all of the studies have been based on crude extracts, with fewer explorations of their mechanisms. For chemical composition, the bioactivities of polyphenols and polysaccharides were more intensively studied, while other chemical constituents were at the stage of content determination. For product development, walnuts are mainly used in food and medicine, but the product range is limited. In the future, research on the bioactivity and related mechanisms of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus can be further expanded to improve its value as a potential natural plant resource applied in multiple industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrong Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Mengge Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhou Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Aijin Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Siting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Junxia Xia
- Hebei Yangyuan ZhiHui Beverage Co., Ltd., Hengshui 053000, China;
- Institution of Chinese Walnut Industry, Hengshui 053000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Walnut Nutritional Function and Processing Technology, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.C.); (A.M.); (S.L.)
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Antora SA, Ho KV, Lin CH, Thomas AL, Lovell ST, Krishnaswamy K. Quantification of Vitamins, Minerals, and Amino Acids in Black Walnut ( Juglans nigra). Front Nutr 2022; 9:936189. [PMID: 35967790 PMCID: PMC9363771 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.936189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to quantify the micronutrients in black walnut and address its human health benefits. The metabolic profiling of 11 black walnut cultivars was accomplished using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometer. Results revealed that the highest concentration of vitamin B9 was present in cultivar “Daniel” (avg. relative signal intensity 229.53 × 104 mAU). “Surprise” and “Daniel” cultivars had the highest amount of vitamin B5. However, vitamin A, D3, E, and K showed no significant difference among the cultivars. The vitamin content levels among the cultivars were compared by applying one way ANOVA method with (P < 0.05) significance level. Mineral analysis for the black walnut kernel, Persian walnut, and black walnut protein powder was done using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy. The experimental data for black walnut kernel is 0.04 mg/g for Fe and 0.03 mg/g for Zn, and for black walnut, protein powder is 0.07 mg/g for Fe and 0.07 mg/g for Zn. The amino acid analysis and comparison with black walnut kernel show that black walnut flour and protein powder have a higher amount of essential and non-essential amino acids. Therefore, researchers, food process engineers, and food product developers should consider the health benefits of black walnuts and explore the commercial potential of this native agroforestry crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter Antora
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Khanh-Van Ho
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Food Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Andrew L Thomas
- Division of Plant Sciences, Southwest Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sarah T Lovell
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kiruba Krishnaswamy
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Bayati M, Hsieh HY, Hsu SY, Li C, Rogers E, Belenchia A, Zemmer SA, Blanc T, LePage C, Klutts J, Reynolds M, Semkiw E, Johnson HY, Foley T, Wieberg CG, Wenzel J, Lyddon T, LePique M, Rushford C, Salcedo B, Young K, Graham M, Suarez R, Ford A, Lei Z, Sumner L, Mooney BP, Wei X, Greenlief CM, Johnson MC, Lin CH. Identification and quantification of bioactive compounds suppressing SARS-CoV-2 signals in wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118824. [PMID: 35830746 PMCID: PMC9253601 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) surveillance have documented a positive correlation between the number of COVID-19 patients in a sewershed and the level of viral genetic material in the wastewater. Efforts have been made to use the wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral load to predict the infected population within each sewershed using a multivariable regression approach. However, reported clear and sustained variability in SARS-CoV-2 viral load among treatment facilities receiving industrial wastewater have made clinical prediction challenging. Several classes of molecules released by regional industries and manufacturing facilities, particularly the food processing industry, can significantly suppress the SARS-CoV-2 signals in wastewater by breaking down the lipid-bilayer of the membranes. Therefore, a systematic ranking process in conjugation with metabolomic analysis was developed to identify the wastewater treatment facilities exhibiting SARS-CoV-2 suppression and identify and quantify the chemicals suppressing the SARS-COV-2 signals. By ranking the viral load per diagnosed case among the sewersheds, we successfully identified the wastewater treatment facilities in Missouri, USA that exhibit SARS-CoV-2 suppression (significantly lower than 5 × 1011 gene copies/reported case) and determined their suppression rates. Through both untargeted global chemical profiling and targeted analysis of wastewater samples, 40 compounds were identified as candidates of SARS-CoV-2 signal suppressors. Among these compounds, 14 had higher concentrations in wastewater treatment facilities that exhibited SARS-CoV-2 signal suppression compared to the unsuppressed control facilities. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that 4-nonylphenol, palmitelaidic acid, sodium oleate, and polyethylene glycol dioleate are positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 signal suppression rates. Suppression activities were further confirmed by incubation studies, and the suppression kinetics for each bioactive compound were determined. According to the results of these experiments, bioactive molecules in wastewater can significantly reduce the stability of SARS-CoV-2 genetic marker signals. Based on the concentrations of these chemical suppressors, a correction factor could be developed to achieve more reliable and unbiased surveillance results for wastewater treatment facilities that receive wastewater from similar industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bayati
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hsin-Yeh Hsieh
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shu-Yu Hsu
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rogers
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Anthony Belenchia
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO 65109, USA
| | - Sally A Zemmer
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA
| | - Todd Blanc
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA
| | - Cindy LePage
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA
| | - Jessica Klutts
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA
| | - Melissa Reynolds
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO 65109, USA
| | - Elizabeth Semkiw
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO 65109, USA
| | - Hwei-Yiing Johnson
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO 65109, USA
| | - Trevor Foley
- Missouri Department of Corrections, Jefferson City, MO 65109, USA
| | - Chris G Wieberg
- Water Protection Program, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA
| | - Jeff Wenzel
- Bureau of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Community and Public Health, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Jefferson City, MO 65109, USA
| | - Terri Lyddon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mary LePique
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Clayton Rushford
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Braxton Salcedo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kara Young
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Madalyn Graham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Reinier Suarez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Anarose Ford
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Metabolomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lloyd Sumner
- Metabolomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Brian P Mooney
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Xing Wei
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - C Michael Greenlief
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Marc C Johnson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Nguyen TH, Vu DC. A Review on Phytochemical Composition and Potential Health-promoting Properties of Walnuts. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1912084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trang H.D. Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danh C. Vu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
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Ho KV, Roy A, Foote S, Vo PH, Lall N, Lin CH. Profiling Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic Compounds Present in Black Walnuts ( Juglans nigra) Using a High-Throughput Screening Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194516. [PMID: 33023106 PMCID: PMC7583942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent studies have demonstrated multiple health-promoting benefits from black walnut kernels. These biological functions of black walnuts are likely associated with their bioactive constituents. Characterization of phenolic compounds found in black walnut could point out underexplored bioactive activities of black walnut extracts and promote the development of novel applications of black walnut and its by-products. In the present study, we assessed bioactivity profiles of phenolic compounds identified in the kernels of black walnuts using a high-throughput screening (HTS) approach. Black walnut phenolic compounds were evaluated in terms of their total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant response element (ARE) induction, and anticancer activities. The anticancer activities were identified by evaluating the effects of the phenolic compounds on the growth of the tumorigenic alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and non-tumorigenic lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Out of 16 phenolic compounds tested, several compounds (penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, epicatechin gallate, quercetin, (–)-epicatechin, rutin, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, ferulic acid, syringic acid) exerted antioxidant activities that were significantly higher compared to Trolox, which was used as a control. Two phenolic compounds, penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose and quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside, exhibited antiproliferative activities against both the tumorigenic alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and non-tumorigenic lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The antioxidant activity of black walnut is likely driven not only by penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose but also by a combination of multiple phenolic compounds. Our findings suggested that black walnut extracts possibly possess anticancer activities and supported that penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose could be a potential bioactive agent for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh-Van Ho
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (K.-V.H.); (P.H.V.); (N.L.)
- Department of Food Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 90000, Vietnam
| | - Anuradha Roy
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA;
| | | | - Phuc H. Vo
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (K.-V.H.); (P.H.V.); (N.L.)
| | - Namrita Lall
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (K.-V.H.); (P.H.V.); (N.L.)
- Department of Plants and Soil Sciences, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (K.-V.H.); (P.H.V.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 573-884-6302
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Vu DC, Nguyen THD, Ho TL. An overview of phytochemicals and potential health-promoting properties of black walnut. RSC Adv 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Black walnut contains a diverse mixture of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, phytosterols, unsaturated fatty acids, and tocopherols potentially important to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh C. Vu
- Faculty of Technology
- Van Lang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Trang H. D. Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology
- Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Thi L. Ho
- Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute
- Can Tho
- Vietnam
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