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Ozmen F, Şahin TT, Dolgun A, Ozmen MM. Changes in serum ghrelin and resistin levels after sleeve gastrectomy versus one anastomosis gastric bypass: prospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:5434-5443. [PMID: 38833355 PMCID: PMC11392113 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Humoral factors and neural mechanisms play a central role in the pathogenesis of obesity and in weight loss following bariatric surgery. Although various hormones and adipokines, including ghrelin and resistin, are linked to obesity, studies analyzing the changes in fasting ghrelin and resistin levels in patients following one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) are lacking. AIM The authors aimed to investigate resistin and ghrelin levels before and after two commonly used bariatric procedures with different mechanisms of action: sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and OAGB. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fasting serum ghrelin and resistin levels were evaluated by using ELISA in a nonrandomized, prospective cohort study for the pattern of changes in the preoperative period and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and, 12 months after surgery in age and sex-matched patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m 2 undergoing either SG ( n =40) or OAGB ( n =40). Their relationships with demographic parameters such as body weight, BMI, presence of T2DM, HbA 1 C, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index were also evaluated. RESULTS OAGB was superior in weight control compared to the SG group. There were significant differences in resistin and ghrelin levels between the OAGB and SG groups. Ghrelin decreased more in the SG group than the preoperative values. This change in ghrelin levels was more significant at 1 year after SG [preoperative mean (range) level of 334.2 (36.6-972.1) pg/ml decreased to 84 (9.1-227) pg/ml at 1 year] whereas in the OAGB group no significant change was observed [preoperative mean (range) level of 310 (146-548) pg/ml decreased to 264 (112-418) pg/ml at 1 year]. Resistin levels decreased in both groups, especially after 3 months and onward following both operations [the mean (range) resistin levels were 2.6 (0.87-5.4) ng/ml and decreased to 1.1 (0.5-2.4) ng/ml in the SG group vs 2.48 (0.89-6.43) ng/ml decreased to 0.72 (0.35-1.8) ng/ml in OAGB group at 1 year], which was in parallel with changes in HOMA-IR index, body weight, and BMI changes at 1st year. HOMA-IR index changes were similar, but more prominent after OAGB. OAGB was als3 three months and onward), and HOMA-IR changes. CONCLUSION This is the first study to compare fasting ghrelin and resistin levels after OAGB and SG. Although similar changes were observed, ghrelin changes were more prominent after SG, whereas resistin were observed after OAGB. OAGB was superior in T2DM control, which was in parallel with weight loss, fasting resistin levels, and HOMA-IR changes suggesting a possible effect of resistin after OAGB in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusun Ozmen
- Department of Basic Oncology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University
| | - Tevfik T Şahin
- Depatment of Surgery, Medical School, Hacettepe University
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Anil Dolgun
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical School, Hacettepe University, Ankara
| | - M Mahir Ozmen
- Depatment of Surgery, Medical School, Hacettepe University
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Khalil O, Dargham S, Jayyousi A, Al Suwaidi J, Abi Khalil C. Diabetes Is Associated with Worse Postoperative Mortality and Morbidity in Bariatric Surgery, Regardless of the Procedure. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3174. [PMID: 38892885 PMCID: PMC11173340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bariatric surgery is a central cornerstone in obesity treatment. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes on the postoperative outcomes of bariatric surgery and compare three techniques: sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y, and gastric banding. Methods: We extracted data from the National Inpatient Sample (2015-2019) using ICD codes. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality. Secondary outcomes were major bleeding, atrial fibrillation, and acute renal failure. Results: Among patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy, diabetes was associated with a higher adjusted risk of mortality (aOR 2.07 [1.36-3.16]), atrial fibrillation, and acute renal failure, but a similar risk of bleeding. Among patients who underwent Roux-en-Y, diabetes did not increase mortality and bleeding risk. Still, it was associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation and acute renal failure. Among patients who underwent gastric banding, diabetes was only associated with a higher risk of bleeding. When comparing the three techniques in diabetes patients, Roux-en-Y was significantly associated with higher mortality and acute renal failure risk when compared to the other procedures. Bleeding was more common in Roux-en-Y than in Sleeve. Conclusions: In total, diabetes is associated with worse postoperative outcomes in bariatric surgery, regardless of the technique. Among diabetes patients, Roux-en-Y was associated with the highest mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Khalil
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Soha Dargham
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Amin Jayyousi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Jassim Al Suwaidi
- Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
| | - Charbel Abi Khalil
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
- Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
- Sanford and I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Schmid A, Roderfeld M, Karrasch T, Roeb E, Schäffler A. Serum Chemerin Is Decreased by Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Low Calorie-Formula Diet in Obese Individuals. Biomedicines 2023; 12:33. [PMID: 38255140 PMCID: PMC10813162 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic chemokine chemerin is involved in multiple processes in metabolism and inflammation. The present study aimed to elucidate its regulation in morbid obesity and during therapy-induced rapid weight loss. A total of 128 severely obese patients were enrolled, and their basal anthropometric and clinical parameters were assessed. In total, 64 individuals attended a conservative 12-month weight loss program that included a low calorie-formula diet (LCD), and 64 patients underwent bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, RYGB). Blood serum was obtained at study baseline and at follow-up visits after 3, 6, and 12 months. Systemic chemerin concentrations, as well as metabolic and immunological parameters, were quantified. During the 12-month period studied, serum chemerin levels decreased significantly with weight loss after bariatric surgery, as well as with conservative low calorie therapy; however, the effects of RYGB were generally stronger. No substantial associations of systemic chemerin concentrations with therapy-induced improvement of type 2 diabetes and with indicators of liver function and fibrosis were observed. We conclude that systemic chemerin levels decrease in obese individuals during weight loss, regardless of the therapeutic strategy. A potential involvement in weight loss-associated improvement of metabolic disorders and liver fibrosis remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Cibičková Ľ, Grega M, Dohnal R, Schovánek J. Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Serum Adipokine Levels. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S165-S172. [PMID: 37565420 PMCID: PMC10660580 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric procedures are considered to be the most effective treatment options for obesity. One of them is laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), which is nowadays very popular and widely used. LSG leads to weight loss and metabolic improvement and also changes adipokine levels, although it is just a restrictive operation. We describe changes in pro-inflammatory (leptin, resistin, visfatin and chemerin) and anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin, omentin), with adiponectin and leptin being most studied. Their levels are markedly changed after LSG and this may partially explain the weight loss seen after LSG. Adipokines are closely connected to insulin resistance and chronic inflammation both being positively influenced after LSG. Leptin regulates amount of body fat, appetite, thermogenesis and metabolic rate and its levels are positively correlated with both weight and BMI changes after operation. Resistin influences insulin sensitivity, modulates body cholesterol trafficking and its changes after operation correlate with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, LDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein. Chemerin, an important component of immune system, decreases after bariatric surgery and its levels correlate with BMI, triglyceride levels, and blood glucose. On the other hand, pro-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin, which influences fatty acid oxidation, browning of fat tissue and energy metabolism, is declining after LSG. This decline explains improvement of glucose status after bariatric surgery in patients with diabetes and is correlated with BMI loss, waist circumference and LDL cholesterol level. Effect of LSG goes beyond calory restriction and the changes of adipokines have a great impact on health status of the bariatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľ Cibičková
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Liu FS, Wang S, Guo XS, Ye ZX, Zhang HY, Li Z. State of art on the mechanisms of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:632-655. [PMID: 37383590 PMCID: PMC10294061 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are metabolic disorders. Obesity increases the risk of T2DM, and as obesity is becoming increasingly common, more individuals suffer from T2DM, which poses a considerable burden on health systems. Traditionally, pharmaceutical therapy together with lifestyle changes is used to treat obesity and T2DM to decrease the incidence of comorbidities and all-cause mortality and to increase life expectancy. Bariatric surgery is increasingly replacing other forms of treatment of morbid obesity, especially in patients with refractory obesity, owing to its many benefits including good long-term outcomes and almost no weight regain. The bariatric surgery options have markedly changed recently, and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gradually gaining popularity. LSG has become an effective and safe treatment for type-2 diabetes and morbid obesity, with a high cost-benefit ratio. Here, we review the me-chanism associated with LSG treatment of T2DM, and we discuss clinical studies and animal experiments with regard to gastrointestinal hormones, gut microbiota, bile acids, and adipokines to clarify current treatment modalities for patients with obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Shun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xian-Shan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Xiong Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Hong-Ya Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Yangpu District Control and Prevention Center, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
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Bellach L, Gard LI, Lindner SD, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Klimek P, Kautzky-Willer A, Leutner M. The Interplay of Adipokines, Body Composition and Glucose Homeostasis in Pregnant Women with a History of RYGB Operation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112498. [PMID: 37299461 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operations (RYGB-OP) and pregnancy alter glucose homeostasis and the adipokine profile. This study investigates the relationship between adipokines and glucose metabolism during pregnancy post-RYGB-OP. (1) Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study during pregnancy in 25 women with an RYGB-OP (RY), 19 women with obesity (OB), and 19 normal-weight (NW) controls. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used for metabolic characterization. Plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, fibroblast-growth-factor 21 (FGF21), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (AFABP), afamin, and secretagogin were obtained. (2) Results: The phase angle (φ) was lower in RY compared to OB and NW. Compared to OB, RY, and NW had lower leptin and AFABP levels, and higher adiponectin levels. φ correlated positively with leptin in RY (R = 0.63, p < 0.05) and negatively with adiponectin in OB and NW (R = -0.69, R = -0.69, p < 0.05). In RY, the Matsuda index correlated positively with FGF21 (R = 0.55, p < 0.05) and negatively with leptin (R = -0.5, p < 0.05). In OB, FGF21 correlated negatively with the disposition index (R = -0.66, p < 0.05). (3) Conclusions: The leptin, adiponectin, and AFABP levels differ between RY, OB, and NW and correlate with glucose metabolism and body composition. Thus, adipokines might influence energy homeostasis and maintenance of cellular health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Bellach
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Liliana-Imi Gard
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon David Lindner
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, CeMSIIS, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, A-1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Klimek
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, CeMSIIS, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, A-1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leutner
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Xu TQ, Kindel TL. The role of weight control in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Bariatric surgery. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 199:110667. [PMID: 37037264 PMCID: PMC10192054 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major epidemics in the United States. It is heavily associated with obesity and multiple metabolic derangements that lead to long term morbidity, mortality as well as financial burden. Although medical therapy has been the mainstay in the management of diabetes mellitus, there remains a large portion of this patient population which struggles to obtain adequate glycemic control and long-term weight control with medical management alone. Bariatric surgery is a powerful tool in combating diabetes mellitus and affects glucose homeostasis through a variety of pathways. While it does provide a durable pathway for weight loss, improvement in glucose homeostasis is not only affected by the weight loss seen after bariatric surgery. Changes in gut hormone secretion, insulin regulation, and gut microbial composition also affect how these operations improve glucose homeostasis. Through improvement in the management of diabetes mellitus, comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, in turn demonstrate improvement. In this article, we will discuss the role of bariatric (metabolic) surgery as it relates to long term weight loss and the impact that weight loss has on improvement in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Q Xu
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Tammy Lyn Kindel
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Medical College of Wisconsin, United States.
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Change in Adipokines and Gastrointestinal Hormones After Bariatric Surgery: a Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2023; 33:789-806. [PMID: 36607567 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to perform a meta-analysis about the change in adipokines and gastrointestinal hormones after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and PubMed for related articles and used Review Manager 5.4 for data aggregation. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were also conducted when feasible. RESULTS As a result, 95 articles involving 6232 patients were included in the meta-analysis. After bariatric surgery, the levels of leptin, ghrelin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), tumor necrosis, factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) reduced, while adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY) levels increased significantly. Subgroup analysis indicated that there was a more significant reduction in leptin level with a longer follow-up time. OAGB had a greater effect on increasing adiponectin level compared with other procedures. SG procedure would bring about reduced ghrelin, while BPD resulted in increased ghrelin. Meta-regression analysis found that publication year, study design, number of patients, preoperative age, preoperative BMI, and quality assessment score were not significantly related to change in leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery was associated with a significant decrease in leptin, ghrelin, CRP, IL-6, Hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as increase in adiponectin, GLP-1, and PYY levels.
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Comba C, Ozdemir IA, Demirayak G, Erdogan SV, Demir O, Özlem Yıldız G, Bulut H, Karakas S, Gulseren V, Afsar S, Gungorduk K. The effect of omentectomy on the blood levels of adipokines in obese patients with endometrial cancer. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:242-248. [PMID: 35701296 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the blood levels of adipokines in obese patients with endometrial cancer who have and have not undergone omentectomy. METHODS Between September 2017 and September 2019, the study recruited 54 patients with endometrial cancer. Measurements were taken of blood levels of human leptin, perilipin-1, adiponectin, adipolin, resistin, visfatin, and estrone preoperatively and postoperatively before adjuvant therapy or at the end of one month. The serum samples were separated by centrifugation for 10 mins at 3,000 revolutions/min, then stored at -80 °C until assay. RESULTS In this prospective study, a total of 54 endometrial cancer patients were analyzed in two separate groups according to the omentectomy status. Comprehensive staging surgery with omentectomy and without omentectomy was performed in 26 patients and 28 patients, respectively. The age, body mass index, body fat index, waist circumference, and skin thickness values of the patients with and without omentectomy were found to be similar. No statistically significant difference was determined between the patients with and without omentectomy in respect of the blood level of the adipokines measured preoperatively. A strong statistically significant correlation was determined between the pre and postoperative levels of Human Leptin (p = 0.002), perilipin-1(p = 0.001), adipolin (p < 0.001), adiponectin (p < 0.001), resistin (p = 0.001), visfatin (p < 0.001), and estrone (p = 0.004) (r = -0.43, -0.47, 0.75, 0.84, -0.47, - 0.58, -0.41, respectively) CONCLUSIONS: Omentectomy affected the postoperative blood levels of adipokines in obese patients with endometrial cancer. As omentectomy may have some positive effects on metabolism in these patients, it may be considered during endometrial cancer surgery due to the possible positive metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Comba
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Istanbul Aydin University VM Medical Park Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Isa Aykut Ozdemir
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Demirayak
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Memorial Sisli Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sakir Volkan Erdogan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Sisli Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Omer Demir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karadeniz Technical University Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Güneş Özlem Yıldız
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Huri Bulut
- Department of Medical Biology, Istinye University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sema Karakas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Varol Gulseren
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Selim Afsar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Balikesir University Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Gungorduk
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Education and Research Hospital, Muğla, Turkey.
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Appetite Changes in Weight Regain and Weight Maintenance After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1-12. [PMID: 35441332 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery produces significant weight loss. However, a number of patients experience weight regain years after surgery. Factors driving weight regain after surgical interventions are currently being explored. Our objective was to investigate appetite-related measures associated with weight regain after RYGB surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 29 participants (49.6 ± 9.1 years of age; current BMI 32.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2, 43.6 ± 8.9 months post-RYGB) were stratified into tertiles according to weight regain per month after nadir (weight maintenance (WM), n = 9; low weight regain (LWR), n = 10; and high weight regain (HWR), n = 10). The average weight regain was, by design, significantly different between the groups (WM = 2.2 ± 2.5 kg; LWR = 10.0 ± 3.4 kg; HWR = 14.9 ± 6.3 kg regained, p < 0.05). Appetite (visual analog scales), olfactory performance ("sniffin sticks"), eating behaviors (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire), food reward (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire), and appetite-related hormones (ghrelin, PYY, GLP-1 and leptin) were measured fasting and in response to a standardized test meal. RESULTS Dietary restraint was significantly higher than clinical cutoffs in WM and LWR (p < 0.05). As expected, significant time effects were noted for ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1, but there were no group differences. CONCLUSION The results suggest that appetite-related outcomes are similar across individuals who have maintained weight loss and experienced regain following RYGB.
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Kiriakopoulos A, Kounatidis N, Menenakos I, Kostrova M, Zografos K, Menenakos E. Non-stenting treatment versus endoscopic stent placement in staple line leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:1863-1872. [PMID: 35333965 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Presentation of results of non-stenting treatment versus endoscopic stenting placement in gastric staple leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS Between January 2007 and August 2020, 1371 eligible patients underwent LSG. After gastric leak detection, patients were classified into treatment groups A (endoscopic stent placement) and B (non-stenting management). Overall hospital stay, the time to complete gastric leak resolution and the incidence of further operative management constituted the main outcome measures. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and linear regression tests as needed. RESULTS A total of 27 patients (19 F/8 M, median age: 44.8 years (range: 36-58) with median preoperative BMI: 43.5 kg/m2 (range: 37.0-48.7)) presented with gastric staple line leak (1.9%) - mean detection day 5.8 postop (range: 1-12). Eight patients enrolled in group A and 19 patients in group B. The mean hospital stay for group A was 41.2 days (range: 24-60) versus 15 days (range: 12-18) for group B (p < 0.001). Complete leakage resolution was observed at mean 42.4 days (range 25-60) for group A and 34.5 days (range: 28-40) for group B patients, (p = 0.025). Only 2 group A patients accomplished complete leak resolution without additional intervention. Five group A patients (62.5%) versus 4 group B patients (21.1%) needed operative intervention during the treatment course (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Conservative, non-stenting treatment of staple line leaks after LSG is feasible and is associated with superior results in terms of hospital say and leak resolution in comparison to endoscopic stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiriakopoulos
- 5th Surgical Clinic, "Evgenideion Hospital", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Papadiamantopoulou 20 Str., PO: 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nefeli Kounatidis
- 5th Surgical Clinic, "Evgenideion Hospital", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Papadiamantopoulou 20 Str., PO: 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Menenakos
- Actuarial Science, Department of Statistics, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | - Maria Kostrova
- Actuarial Science, Department of Statistics, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Zografos
- 5th Surgical Clinic, "Evgenideion Hospital", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Papadiamantopoulou 20 Str., PO: 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Menenakos
- 5th Surgical Clinic, "Evgenideion Hospital", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Papadiamantopoulou 20 Str., PO: 11528, Athens, Greece.,1st Clinic, Division of Morbid Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, "Ippokrateion Hospital", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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12
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Tomasicchio G, Picciariello A, Dibra R, Lantone G, Trigiante G, De Fazio M, Martines G. Histopathologic findings on removed stomach after sleeve gastrectomy. Do they influence the outcome? Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:485-491. [PMID: 35350837 PMCID: PMC8919837 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of chronic gastritis on weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). This study aims to investigate the relationship between histopathologic findings of gastric specimens, excess weight loss (% EWL), and excess BMI loss (% EBL) at 6 and 12 months follow up after LSG. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 95 patients who had undergone LSG between January 2017 and December 2019. Based on the histopathological findings of gastric resection specimens, patients were divided into those with chronic gastritis (CG) and those without chronic gastritis (NoCG) and compared for their % EWL and % EBL at 6 and 12 months. The mean BMI was 44.74 kg/m2 in the CG group and 44.14 kg/m2 in the NoCG group. At 6 months follow up, the CG group had a mean % EWL of 45.7 and % EBL of 40.5, while NoCG had a mean % EWL of 51.1 and % EBL of 46.7. After 1-year follow-up, the CG group had a mean % EWL of 53.1 and a % EBL of 44.8, while the NoCG group had a % EWL of 54.1 and % EBL of 44. This observational study does not support the hypothesis that the occurrence of chronic gastritis can affect postoperative % EWL and % EBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tomasicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Picciariello
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Rigers Dibra
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Lantone
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trigiante
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Michele De Fazio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Gennaro Martines
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, Bari, Puglia, Italy
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13
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Li Z, Chen Y, Xiong J, Lyu Q, Jiang B. Renal Function Following Bariatric Surgery: a Literature Review of Potential Mechanisms. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1734-1740. [PMID: 35243602 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-05985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major and independent risk factor for onset and progression of many renal diseases. Bariatric surgery (BS) improves renal function by improving obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the procedure is also accompanied by renal risks, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and oxalate nephropathy. Here, we briefly review the history and principle of frequently applied technique for BS and summarize the comprehensive BS effect on kidney function. Importantly, we highlight the possible molecular mechanisms associated with the recovery of renal function to provide novel ideas for future studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinming Xiong
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinglan Lyu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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14
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Camastra S, Palumbo M, Santini F. Nutrients handling after bariatric surgery, the role of gastrointestinal adaptation. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:449-461. [PMID: 33895917 PMCID: PMC8933374 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery determines a rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract that influences nutrient handling and plays a role in the metabolic changes observed after surgery. Most of the changes depend on the accelerated gastric emptying observed in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and, to a lesser extent, in sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The rapid delivery of meal into the jejunum, particularly after RYGB, contributes to the prompt appearance of glucose in peripheral circulation. Glucose increase is the principal determinant of GLP-1 increase with the consequent stimulation of insulin secretion, the latter balanced by a paradoxical glucagon increase that stimulates EGP to prevent hypoglycaemia. Protein digestion and amino acid absorption appear accelerated after RYGB but not after SG. After RYGB, the adaptation of the gut to the new condition participates to the metabolic change. The intestinal transit is delayed, the gut microbioma is changed, the epithelium becomes hypertrophic and increases the expression of glucose transporter and of the number of cell secreting hormones. These changes are not observed after SG. After RYGB-less after SG-bile acids (BA) increase, influencing glucose metabolism probably modulating FXR and TGR5 with an effect on insulin sensitivity. Muscle, hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity improve, and the gut reinforces the recovery of IS by enhancing glucose uptake and through the effect of the BA. The intestinal changes observed after RYGB result in a light malabsorption of lipid but not of carbohydrate and protein. In conclusion, functional and morphological adaptations of the gut after RYGB and SG activate inter-organs cross-talk that modulates the metabolic changes observed after surgery.Level of evidence Level V, narrative literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Camastra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Palumbo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Mendonça F, Soares R, Carvalho D, Freitas P. The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Bone Health: State of the Art and New Recognized Links. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:131-144. [PMID: 35276738 DOI: 10.1055/a-1767-5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective therapy for severe obesity, which improves several comorbidities (such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, among others) and results in marked weight loss. Despite these consensual beneficial effects, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (the two main bariatric techniques) have also been associated with changes in bone metabolism and progressive bone loss. The objective of this literature review is to examine the impact of bariatric surgery on bone and its main metabolic links, and to analyze the latest findings regarding the risk of fracture among patients submitted to bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mendonça
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Freitas
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Itani MI, Oberbach A, Salimian KJ, Enderle M, Hahn H, Abbarh S, Kendrick K, Schlichting N, Anders RA, Besharati S, Farha J, Fayad L, Kalloo AN, Badurdeen D, Kumbhari V. Gastric Mucosal Devitalization (GMD): Using the Porcine Model to Develop a Novel Endoscopic Bariatric Approach. Obes Surg 2021; 32:381-390. [PMID: 34797503 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS As the pig model has similar gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology to humans, we used pigs to create a gastric mucosal devitalization (GMD) model in preparation for clinical translation of this technique as an endoscopic bariatric therapy (EBT). The aims of this study were to determine the ablation parameters and technique for a successful, safe, and feasible large surface area GMD that produces weight loss. METHODS We performed GMD using argon plasma coagulation (APC) in 3 phases. Phase 1 assessed the ablation energy required to accomplish selective mucosal ablation using ex vivo pig stomachs (n = 2). Phase 2 assessed the optimal percentage of mucosal surface area to be treated and was performed on 10 pigs. Phase 3 assessed feasibility, efficacy, and safety with 8 pigs randomized into GMD (n = 4) or sham (SH, n = 4) and survived for 1 month. Body weights (GMD, n = 4, SH, n = 4) were measured daily in phase 3 for 1 month, and relative body weights were calculated and analyzed using one-tailed Student's t-test. Percent body fat was compared between GMD and SH at baseline and 1 month post-GMD. RESULTS Phase 1 identified the optimal ablation parameters (120 W) that were then used in phase 2. Phase 2 revealed a trend that was suggestive that the optimal percent surface area to ablate was similar to that which is removed at laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. In phase 3, GMD was performed over 70% surface area of the greater curvature of the stomach in four pigs. GMD pigs had significantly lower relative body weight increase compared to SH at 1 month (1.375 ± 0.085 vs 1.575 ± 0.047, p = 0.0435). MRI showed a significantly lower body fat mass at 1 month in GMD pigs (5.9 ± 0.4% vs 12.7 ± 2.3%, p = 0.026) compared to SH. CONCLUSIONS GMD resulted in decreased weight gain in the GMD group as evidenced by a lower relative body weight at 1 month. GMD in an animal model appears to show promise as a potential weight loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad I Itani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Andreas Oberbach
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevan J Salimian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | | | | | - Shahem Abbarh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Katherine Kendrick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nadine Schlichting
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sepideh Besharati
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jad Farha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lea Fayad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Anthony N Kalloo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Dilhana Badurdeen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Vivek Kumbhari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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17
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Chen K, Lin Y, Luo P, Yang N, Yang G, Zhu L, Pei Q. Effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on drug pharmacokinetics. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1481-1495. [PMID: 34694169 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1997585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given its feasibility and efficacy, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a widely accepted bariatric surgery for patients with clinically diagnosed severe obesity. LSG induces anatomical changes and subsequent weight loss which may affect drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and consequently impact dosing regimens. This review aims to examine the effect of LSG on drug PK and identify relevant gastrointestinal physiological alterations. AREAS COVERED PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles related to drug PK and LSG from inception to July 2021. Moreover, literature concerning postoperative physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, such as gastric pH, gastric emptying, and small bowel transit time, etc., which may affect the PK profile of drug products was also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Although LSG is classified as having restrictive property without malabsorptive bypass, postoperative changes in gastrointestinal physiology and subsequent weight loss may also lead to increased, decreased or unaltered drug exposure levels. General monitoring on drug efficacy or safety using biomarkers is proposed. In addition, therapeutic drug monitoring for those drugs when it is applicable and available is recommended to ensure efficient drug dosing and avoid adverse effects. Further research into many individual drugs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Pei
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Yanan Y, Yi J, Xiaojing L, Jing Q, Xiaohui W. Adipo-specific chemerin knockout alters the metabolomic profile of adipose tissue under normal and high-fat diet conditions: Application of an untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics method. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5220. [PMID: 34323295 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To explore the metabolic effect of chemerin, adipose-specific chemerin knockout (adipo-chemerin-/- ) male mice were established and fed with 5-week normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD), and then the glycolipid metabolism index was measured and epididymal adipose tissue metabolomics detected using untargeted LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Under HFD, adipo-chemerin-/- mice showed improved glycolipid metabolism (decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) compared with flox (control) mice. Furthermore, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plots identified separation of metabolites between adipo-chemerin-/- mice and flox mice fed ND and HFD. Under HFD, 28 metabolites were significantly enhanced in adipo-chemerin-/- mice, and pathway enrichment analysis suggested strong relationship of the differential metabolites with arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, which were directly or indirectly related to lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Under ND, taurine was increased in adipo-chemerin-/- mice, resulting in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, the improved effect of chemerin knockdown on the glycolipid metabolism of HFD-feeding male mice might be associated with the increases in differential metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress, which provided insights into the mechanism of chemerin from a metabolomics aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yanan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xiaojing
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Jing
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Xiaohui
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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19
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Leptin Receptors Are Not Required for Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery to Normalize Energy and Glucose Homeostasis in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051544. [PMID: 34064308 PMCID: PMC8147759 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to the adipokine leptin is a promising therapeutic strategy against obesity and its comorbidities and has been proposed to contribute to the lasting metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We formally tested this idea using Zucker fatty fa/fa rats as an established genetic model of obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver due to leptin receptor deficiency. We show that the changes in body weight in these rats following RYGB largely overlaps with that of diet-induced obese Wistar rats with intact leptin receptors. Further, food intake and oral glucose tolerance were normalized in RYGB-treated Zucker fatty fa/fa rats to the levels of lean Zucker fatty fa/+ controls, in association with increased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin release. In contrast, while fatty liver was also normalized in RYGB-treated Zucker fatty fa/fa rats, their circulating levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) remained elevated at the level of obese Zucker fatty fa/fa controls. These findings suggest that the leptin system is not required for the normalization of energy and glucose homeostasis associated with RYGB, but that its potential contribution to the improvements in liver health postoperatively merits further investigation.
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20
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Pantelis A, Machairiotis N, Lapatsanis DP. The Formidable yet Unresolved Interplay between Endometriosis and Obesity. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6653677. [PMID: 33986637 PMCID: PMC8079185 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and endometriosis are two very common entities, yet there is uncertainty on their exact relationship. Observational studies have repeatedly shown an inverse correlation between endometriosis and a low body mass index (BMI). However, obesity does not protect against endometriosis and on the contrary an increased BMI may lead to more severe forms of the disease. Besides, BMI is not accurate in all cases of obesity. Consequently, other anthropometric and phenomic traits have been studied, including body adiposity content, as well as the effect of BMI early in life on the manifestation of endometriosis in adulthood. Some studies have shown that the phenotypic inverse correlation between the two entities has a genetic background; however, others have indicated that certain polymorphisms are linked with endometriosis in females with increased BMI. The advent of metabolic bariatric surgery and pertinent research have led to the emergence of biomolecules that may be pivotal in understanding the pathophysiological interaction of the two entities, especially in the context of angiogenesis and inflammation. Future research should focus on three objectives: detection and interpretation of obesity-related biomarkers in experimental models with endometriosis; integration of endometriosis-related queries into bariatric registries; and multidisciplinary approach and collaboration among specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Pantelis
- Surgeon, 4th Department of Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, Ipsilantou 45, Athens 106 76, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Machairiotis
- Fellow in Endometriosis and Minimal Access Surgery, Northwick Park, Central Middlesex and Ealing Hospitals, London North West University Heathcare, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Dimitris P. Lapatsanis
- Surgeon, 4th Department of Surgery, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, Ipsilantou 45, Athens 106 76, Greece
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21
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Differences in the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on gut hormones: systematic and meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:444-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Ohira M, Watanabe Y, Yamaguchi T, Onda H, Yamaoka S, Abe K, Nakamura S, Tanaka S, Kawagoe N, Nabekura T, Oshiro T, Nagayama D, Tatsuno I, Saiki A. Decreased Triglyceride and Increased Serum Lipoprotein Lipase Levels Are Correlated to Increased High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Facts 2021; 14:633-640. [PMID: 34634786 PMCID: PMC8739375 DOI: 10.1159/000519410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) significantly increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in pre-heparin serum (pre-heparin LPL levels). LPL is a regulator of serum triglyceride (TG) and HDL-C production; this may be the mechanism for HDL-C increase after LSG. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of increase in HDL-C levels by examining the relationship between changes in serum HDL-C levels and LPL after LSG. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 104 obese patients, who underwent LSG and were followed up for 12 months. We analyzed the relationship between changes in serum HDL-C levels and various clinical parameters after LSG. RESULTS A significant decrease was observed in the patients' BMI and serum TG levels after LSG. Conversely, HDL-C levels and pre-heparin LPL levels were significantly increased after LSG. Simple linear regression showed that changes in HDL-C levels were significantly correlated with total weight loss percentage, change in TG levels, abdominal fat areas, and pre-heparin LPL levels. Additionally, the multiple regression model revealed that a decrease in TG levels and an increase in pre-heparin LPL levels were correlated with increased HDL-C levels after LSG. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION These results show that a decrease in TG levels and an increase in LPL are mechanisms for increased HDL-C levels after LSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohira
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- *Masahiro Ohira,
| | - Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Onda
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamaoka
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Abe
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakamura
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Tanaka
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawagoe
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Nabekura
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshiro
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiji Nagayama
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
- Nagayama Clinic, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tatsuno
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
- Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Saiki
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
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23
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Eckhouse SR. Comments on: Differences in the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on gut hormones: systemic and meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 17:e15-e16. [PMID: 33402319 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaina R Eckhouse
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Hu Y, Ji G, Li G, Manza P, Zhang W, Wang J, Lv G, He Y, Zhang Z, Yuan K, von Deneen KM, Chen A, Cui G, Wang H, Wiers CE, Volkow ND, Nie Y, Zhang Y, Wang GJ. Brain Connectivity, and Hormonal and Behavioral Correlates of Sustained Weight Loss in Obese Patients after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1284-1295. [PMID: 33037819 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological mediators that support cognitive-control and long-term weight-loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remain unclear. We measured peripheral appetitive hormones and brain functional-connectivity (FC) using magnetic-resonance-imaging with food cue-reactivity task in 25 obese participants at pre, 1 month, and 6 month after LSG, and compared with 30 normal weight controls. We also used diffusion-tensor-imaging to explore whether LSG increases brain structural-connectivity (SC) of regions involved in food cue-reactivity. LSG significantly decreased BMI, craving for high-calorie food cues, ghrelin, insulin, and leptin levels, and increased self-reported cognitive-control of eating behavior. LSG increased FC between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and increased SC between DLPFC and ACC at 1 month and 6 month after LSG. Reduction in BMI correlated negatively with increased FC of right DLPFC-pgACC at 1 month and with increased SC of DLPFC-ACC at 1 month and 6 month after LSG. Reduction in craving for high-calorie food cues correlated negatively with increased FC of DLPFC-pgACC at 6 month after LSG. Additionally, SC of DLPFC-ACC mediated the relationship between lower ghrelin levels and greater cognitive control. These findings provide evidence that LSG improved functional and structural connectivity in prefrontal regions, which contribute to enhanced cognitive-control and sustained weight-loss following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Ganggang Lv
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Yang He
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Karen M von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Cabrera LO, Trindade EN, Leite C, Abegg EH, Trindade MRM. Preoperative Level of Leptin Can Be a Predictor of Glycemic Control for Patients with Diabetes Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 30:4829-4833. [PMID: 32996102 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery is a first-line treatment for patients with obesity and diabetes. It is uncertain whether leptin has an influence on glycemia in the postoperative period. METHODS A cohort study of thirty-eight individuals with obesity and diabetes who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was undertaken. The levels of leptin, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin were verified in the preoperative period and in the first and third postoperative months. RESULTS The majority of patients were women (81.6%), and the mean age was 47.3 years (SD 8.8). The mean BMI was reduced by 17.75% (from 47.3 to 38.9 kg/m2) and the mean glycemia by 26.76%. Preoperative leptin had a moderate positive correlation with glucose level at the third month (Pearson r = 0.46, P = 0.02), but not with HbA1c. Patients with leptin above 27.34 ng/mL had a higher glucose level at the end of observation (101.9 versus 88.9, t test, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION The search for factors that influence diabetes control after bariatric surgery is of major importance in clinical practice. Our study reported a level of leptin that can predict the prognosis of glycemic control after the intervention. This finding still needs to be validated and confirmed in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ortiz Cabrera
- Post-Graduate Program on Surgery, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Neubarth Trindade
- Post-Graduate Program on Surgery, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Leite
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- , Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | | | - Manoel Roberto Maciel Trindade
- Post-Graduate Program on Surgery, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Shekh ZA, Roqaia AH. Sleeve gastrectomy without bougie is safe and effective operation: case report. J Surg Case Rep 2020; 2020:rjaa183. [PMID: 32595928 PMCID: PMC7303017 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an effective method for weight loss; it is done by laparoscopy or open approach; it is a restrictive procedure and involves removing part of the stomach by cutting over bougie, which ensures that stenosis doesn’t occur. Bougie may cause esophageal perforation. There are studies that show the size of bougie used and weight loss are related. We show a case of open SG without using bougie at all. It is an effective and safe method and results in ~30% of weight loss 3 months after the operation without complications; thus, we conclude that SG can be done without bougie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zkria Atia Shekh
- Department of General Surgery, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
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