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Zhang H, Yang J, Luo S, Liu L, Yang G, Gao B, Fan H, Deng L, Yang M. A novel complementary pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis in Cordyceps militaris. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:1009-1021. [PMID: 37987892 PMCID: PMC11300563 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We determined whether there exists a complementary pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis in wild-type Cordyceps militaris, high-cordycepin-producing strain C. militaris GYS60, and low-cordycepin-producing strain C. militaris GYS80. Differentially expressed genes were identified from the transcriptomes of the three strains. Compared with C. militaris, in GYS60 and GYS80, we identified 145 and 470 upregulated and 96 and 594 downregulated genes. Compared with GYS80, in GYS60, we identified 306 upregulated and 207 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that upregulated genes were mostly involved in detoxification, antioxidant, and molecular transducer in GYS60. By Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, eight genes were significantly upregulated: five genes related to purine metabolism, one to ATP production, one to secondary metabolite transport, and one to RNA degradation. In GYS60, cordycepin was significantly increased by upregulation of ATP production, which promoted 3',5'-cyclic AMP production. Cyclic AMP accelerated 3'-AMP accumulation, and cordycepin continued to be synthesized and exported. We verified the novel complementary pathway by adding the precursor adenosine and analyzing the expression of four key genes involved in the main pathway of cordycepin biosynthesis. Adenosine addition increased cordycepin production by 51.2% and 10.1%, respectively, in C. militaris and GYS60. Four genes in the main pathway in GYS60 were not upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Zhang
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Linying Liu
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Guowei Yang
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Haitao Fan
- Bioengineering College Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Lina Deng
- Department of English, Beijing Health Vocational College, Beijing, 102402, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Institute of Cardiac Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100141, China.
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Zhang H, Deng L, Luo S, Liu L, Yang G, Zhang Y, Gao B, Yang D, Wang X, Li S, Li X, Jiang Y, Lao W, Vriesekoop F. Evidence for Regulation of Cordycepin Biosynthesis by Transcription Factors Krüppel-Like Factor 4 and Retinoid X Receptor Alpha in Caterpillar Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:19-40. [PMID: 39171629 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris, Chinese traditional medicinal fungus, has many bioactive properties. Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) is a major bioactive component of C. militaris. Various methods can significantly elevate cordycepin production, which suggests a diverse set of metabolic regulatory mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to identify transcription factors that regulate cordycepin biosynthesis pathways. Transcriptome analysis of wild-type C. militaris, C. militaris GYS60, a cordycepin high-producing strain, and C. militaris GYS80, a low-producing strain, were used to measure expression and function of genes related to cordycepin biosynthesis. The transcriptome expression data were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We identified 155 relevant transcription factors in 19 families that included Fork head/winged helix factors, other C4 zinc finger-type factors, C2H2 zinc finger factors, tryptophan cluster factors, nuclear receptors with C4 zinc fingers, homeodomain factors, and Rel homology region factors. Energy generation and amino acid conversion pathways were activated in GYS60 so that abundance of cordycepin precursors was increased. Genes and transcription factors for rate-limiting enzymes in these pathways were identified. Overexpression of two key transcription factors, Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and Retinoid X receptor alpha (Rxra), promoted high cordycepin production in GYS60. In GYS60, Klf4 and Rxra were responsible for upregulation of genes in cordycepin biosynthesis, namely an oxidoreductase, 3',5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, a transferase, and adenylate cyclase. Upregulation of these genes increased 3'-AMP content, thereby elevating cordycepin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Deng
- Beijing Health Vocational College, Fangshan District, 102402 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linying Liu
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100171 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Gao
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshi Li
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjuan Li
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Jiang
- Bioengineering College, Beijing Polytechnic, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, 100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Lao
- School of Biochemical Engineering of Beijing Union University
| | - Frank Vriesekoop
- Department of Food Science, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Vongsangnak W, Laoteng K. Efficient de novo production of bioactive cordycepin by Aspergillus oryzae using a food-grade expression platform. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:253. [PMID: 38071331 PMCID: PMC10710699 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) is an important bioactive compound in medical and healthcare markets. The drawbacks of commercial cordycepin production using Cordyceps spp. include long cultivation periods and low cordycepin yields. To overcome these limitations and meet the increasing market demand, the efficient production of cordycepin by the GRAS-status Aspergillus oryzae strain using a synthetic biology approach was developed in this study. RESULTS An engineered strain of A. oryzae capable of cordycepin production was successfully constructed by overexpressing two metabolic genes (cns1 and cns2) involved in cordycepin biosynthesis under the control of constitutive promoters. Investigation of the flexibility of carbon utilization for cordycepin production by the engineered A. oryzae strain revealed that it was able to utilize C6-, C5-, and C12-sugars as carbon sources, with glucose being the best carbon source for cordycepin production. High cordycepin productivity (564.64 ± 9.59 mg/L/d) was acquired by optimizing the submerged fermentation conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a powerful production platform for bioactive cordycepin production by A. oryzae using a synthetic biology approach. An efficient and cost-effective fermentation process for cordycepin production using an engineered strain was established, offering a powerful alternative source for further upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jeennor
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Jutamas Anantayanon
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Panchanawaporn
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanikul Chutrakul
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Lin SP, Sung TH, Angkawijaya AE, Go AW, Hsieh CW, Hsu HY, Santoso SP, Cheng KC. Enhanced exopolysaccharide production of Cordyceps militaris via mycelial cell immobilization on plastic composite support in repeated-batch fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126267. [PMID: 37567526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Repeated-batch fermentation with fungal mycelia immobilized in plastic composite support (PCS) eliminates the lag phase during fermentation and improves metabolite productivity. The strategy is implemented herein, and a novel modified PCS is developed to enhance exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris. A modified PCS (SYE + PCS) was made by compositing polypropylene (PP) with a nutrient mixture containing soybean hull, peptone, yeast extract, and minerals (SYE+). The use of SYE + PCS has consistent cell productivity throughout the multiple fermentation cycles, which resulted in a more higher cell productivity after second batch compared to unmodified PCS. The cell grown on SYE + PCS also generates a higher yield of EPS (3.36, 6.93, and 5.72 g/L in the first, second, and third fermentation cycles, respectively) up to three-fold higher than the cell immobilized on unmodified PCS. It is also worth noting that the EPS from mycelium grown on SYE + PCS contains up to 2.3-fold higher cordycepin than those on unmodified PCS. The presence of nutrients in SYE + PCS also affects the hydrophobicity and surface roughness of the PC, improving mycelial cell adhesion. This study also provides a preliminary antioxidant activity assessment of EPS from immobilized C. militaris grown with SYE + PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ping Lin
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, #250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi Dist., Taipei 11042, Taiwan; Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Taiwan Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Sung
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Alchris Woo Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South Dist., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, North Dist., Taichung City 404333, Taiwan; Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Optometry, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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5
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Wang L, Yan H, Zeng B, Hu Z. Research Progress on Cordycepin Synthesis and Methods for Enhancement of Cordycepin Production in Cordyceps militaris. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020069. [PMID: 35200422 PMCID: PMC8869658 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
C. militaris is an insect-born fungus that belongs to Ascomycota and Cordyceps. It has a variety of biological activities that can be applied in medicine, health-care products, cosmeceuticals and other fields. Cordycepin (COR) is one of the major bioactive components identified from C. militaris. Thus, C. militaris and COR have attracted extensive attention. In this study, chemical synthetic methods and the biosynthesis pathway of COR were reviewed. As commercially COR was mainly isolated from C. militaris fermentation, the optimizations for liquid and solid fermentation and genetic modifications of C. militaris to increase COR content were also summarized. Moreover, the research progress of genetic modifications of C. militaris and methods for separation and purification COR were introduced. Finally, the existing problems and future research direction of C. militaris were discussed. This study provides a reference for the production of COR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huanhuan Yan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Bin Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.W.); (H.Y.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Z.H.); Tel.: +86-13755679856 (B.Z.); +86-15797865372 (Z.H.)
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (L.W.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Z.H.); Tel.: +86-13755679856 (B.Z.); +86-15797865372 (Z.H.)
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6
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Rabie AM. Potent Inhibitory Activities of the Adenosine Analogue Cordycepin on SARS-CoV-2 Replication. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2960-2969. [PMID: 35071937 PMCID: PMC8767658 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Nucleoside analogues
are among the most successful bioactive classes
of druglike compounds in pharmaceutical chemistry as they are well-known
for their numerous effective bioactivities in humans, especially as
antiviral and anticancer agents. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
is still untreatable, with its causing virus, the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continuing to wreak havoc on
the ground everywhere. This complicated international situation urged
all concerned scientists, including medicinal chemists and drug discoverers,
to search for a potent anti-COVID-19 drug. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine)
is a known natural adenosine analogue of fungal origin, which could
also be synthetically produced. This bioactive phytochemical compound
is characterized by several proven strong pharmacological actions
that may effectively contribute to the comprehensive treatment of
COVID-19, with the antiviral activities being the leading ones. Some
new studies predicted the possible inhibitory affinities of cordycepin
against the principal SARS-CoV-2 protein targets (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, main protease (Mpro) enzyme,
and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme) based on the computational
approach. Interestingly, the current research showed, for the first
time, that cordycepin is able to potently inhibit the multiplication
of the new resistant strains of SARS-CoV-2 with a very minute in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 EC50 of about 2 μM,
edging over both remdesivir and its active metabolite GS-441524. The
ideal pharmacophoric features of the cordycepin molecule render it
a typical inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication, with its flexible structure
open for most types of derivatization in the future. Briefly, the
current findings further support and suggest the repurposing possibility
of cordycepin against COVID-19 and greatly encourage us to confidently
and rapidly begin its preclinical/clinical evaluations for the comprehensive
treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad M. Rabie
- Dr. Amgad Rabie’s Research Lab. for Drug Discovery (DARLD), Mansoura 35511, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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7
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Wu X, Wu T, Huang A, Shen Y, Zhang X, Song W, Wang S, Ruan H. New Insights Into the Biosynthesis of Typical Bioactive Components in the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps militaris. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:801721. [PMID: 34976991 PMCID: PMC8719641 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.801721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal ingredient with a long history of application in China, is regarded as a high-value fungus due to its production of various bioactive ingredients with a wide range of pharmacological effects in clinical treatment. Several typical bioactive ingredients, such as cordycepin, D-mannitol, cordyceps polysaccharides, and N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA), have received increasing attention due to their antitumor, antioxidant, antidiabetic, radioprotective, antiviral and immunomodulatory activities. Here, we systematically sorted out the latest research progress on the chemical characteristics, biosynthetic gene clusters and pathways of these four typical bioactive ingredients. This summary will lay a foundation for obtaining low-cost and high-quality bioactive ingredients in large amounts using microbial cell factories in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Ailin Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- New College, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjun Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Haihua Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
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8
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SHARMA SHIVANI, MADAAN KASHISH, KAUR RAVNEET. Cordycepin: A hidden metabolite with pharmacological potential. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:1-20. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Kaushik V, Singh A, Arya A, Sindhu SC, Sindhu A, Singh A. Enhanced production of cordycepin in Ophiocordyceps sinensis using growth supplements under submerged conditions. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 28:e00557. [PMID: 33294405 PMCID: PMC7691154 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin is a crucial bioactive compound produced by the fungus Cordyceps spp. Its therapeutic potential has been recognized for a wide range of biological properties such as anticancer, anti-diabetic, antidepressant, antioxidant, immunomodulation, etc. Moreover, its human random clinical trials depicted a promising anti-inflammatory activity that reduced the airway inflammation remarkably in asthmatic patients. But its overexploitation and low production of cordycepin in naturally growing biomass are insufficient to meet its existing market demand for its therapeutic use. Therefore, strategies for enhancement of cordycepin production in Cordyceps spp. are warranted. However, specifically, wild type Ophiocordyceps sinensis possesses a very low content of cordycepin and has restricted growth in natural mycelial biomass. To overcome these limitations, this study attempted to enhance cordycepin production in its mycelial biomass in vitro under submerged conditions by adding various growth supplements. The effect of these growth supplements was evaluated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) which demonstrated that among nucleosides- hypoxanthine and adenosine; amino acids-glycine and glutamine; plant hormones- 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA); vitamin-thiamine (B1) from each group of growth supplements yielded a higher amount of cordycepin with 466.48 ± 3.88, 380.23 ± 1.78, 434.97 ± 2.32, 269.78 ± 2.92, 227.61 ± 2.34, 226.02 ± 1.69 and 185.26 ± 2.35 mg/L respectively as compared to control with 13.66 ± 0.64 mg/L. Further, at the transcriptional level, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of genes associated with metabolism and cordycepin biosynthesis depicted significant upregulation of major downstream genes- NT5E, RNR, purA, and ADEK which corroborated well with RP-HPLC analysis. Taken together, the present study identified growth supplements as potential precursors to activate the cordycepin biosynthesis pathway leading to improved cordycepin production in O. sinensis.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, Analysis of Variance
- Cordycepin biosynthesis pathway
- Cordycepin production
- Growth supplements
- KH2PO4, Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
- Medicinal mushroom
- MgSO4, Magnesium sulfate
- Mycelial biomass
- RP-HPLC, Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
- SDA, Sabouraud dextrose agar
- SEM, Standard error mean
- cDNA, Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
- dNTP, Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate
- mRNA, Messenger ribonucleic acid
- mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin
- qRT-PCR, Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Amanvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Aditi Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Sangeeta Chahal Sindhu
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Sindhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Singh
- Haryana Agro Industries Corporation, Research and Development Centre, Murthal, 131039, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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10
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Yang L, Li G, Chai Z, Gong Q, Guo J. Synthesis of cordycepin: Current scenario and future perspectives. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 143:103431. [PMID: 32610064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps genus, such as C. militaris and C. kyushuensis, is a source of a rare traditional Chinese medicine that has been used for the treatment of numerous chronic and malignant diseases. Cordycepin, 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a major active compound found in most Cordyceps. Cordycepin exhibits a variety of biological activities, including anti-tumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, and anti-aging, among others, which could be applied in health products, medicine, cosmeceutical etc. fields. This review focuses on the synthesis methods for cordycepin. The current methods for cordycepin synthesis involve chemical synthesis, microbial fermentation, in vitro synthesis and biosynthesis; however, some defects are unavoidable and the production is still far from the demand of cordycepin. For the future study of cordycepin synthesis, based on the illumination of cordycepin biosynthesis pathway, genetical engineering of the Cordyceps strain or introducing microbes by virtue of synthetic biology will be the great potential strategies for cordycepin synthesis. This review will aid the future synthesis of the valuable cordycepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Guilan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhi Chai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Qiang Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jianquan Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
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Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus and Its Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122735. [PMID: 32545666 PMCID: PMC7356751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps is a rare naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus usually found at high altitudes on the Himalayan plateau and a well-known medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps contains various bioactive components, out of which, cordycepin is considered most vital, due to its utmost therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential. Moreover, the structure similarity of cordycepin with adenosine makes it an important bioactive component, with difference of only hydroxyl group, lacking in the 3′ position of its ribose moiety. Cordycepin is known for various nutraceutical and therapeutic potential, such as anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, antiviral, hepato-protective, hypo-sexuality, cardiovascular diseases, antimalarial, anti-osteoporotic, anti-arthritic, cosmeceutical etc. which makes it a most valuable medicinal mushroom for helping in maintaining good health. In this review, effort has been made to bring altogether the possible wide range of cordycepin’s nutraceutical potential along with its pharmacological actions and possible mechanism. Additionally, it also summarizes the details of cordycepin based nutraceuticals predominantly available in the market with expected global value. Moreover, this review will attract the attention of food scientists, nutritionists, pharmaceutical and food industries to improve the use of bioactive molecule cordycepin for nutraceutical purposes with commercialization to aid and promote healthy lifestyle, wellness and wellbeing.
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Quy TN, Xuan TD, Andriana Y, Tran HD, Khanh TD, Teschke R. Cordycepin Isolated from Cordyceps militaris: Its Newly Discovered Herbicidal Property and Potential Plant-Based Novel Alternative to Glyphosate. Molecules 2019; 24:E2901. [PMID: 31405038 PMCID: PMC6720702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently much interest in finding new phytochemicals among plants and fungi as nature-based alternatives to replace problematic herbicides such as glyphosate, which are preferentially used in agricultural production n. We discovered striking herbicidal potency in Cordyceps militaris (L.) and identified cordycepin as its principal plant growth inhibitor. Cordycepin obtained as an ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography and evaluated for its bioassay-guided phytotoxic capacity against Raphanus sativus (radish), showing a maximum inhibition on germination and growth of radish (IC50 = 0.052-0.078 mg/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (m/z: 251.2) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) ([M + Na]+ m/z: 274.1; [M + H]+ m/z: 252.1) analyses confirmed cordycepin as the major component of the tested column fraction (55.38%). At 0.04 mg/mL, cordycepin showed 3.8-5.9- and 3.3-3.7-fold greater inhibition of the germination and growth of radish than benzoic acid (BA) and glyphosate, respectively. Compared with BA, isolated cordycepin reduced plant chlorophyll and carotenoid contents (2.0-9.5 -fold), while proline, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were increased 1.2-1.8-fold. Finally, cordycepin promoted electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation in radish aerial parts. Thus, cordycepin successfully isolated from Cordyceps militaris is a highly potent plant growth inhibitor with pending worldwide patent and may become a potential plant-based novel alternative to the disputed glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Ngoc Quy
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
- Can Tho University, Can Tho City 902070, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Yusuf Andriana
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany
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