1
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Shaw T, Mandal B, Samanta G, Voigt T, Mitra D, Augustine R. Rotation insensitive implantable wireless power transfer system for medical devices using metamaterial-polarization converter. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19688. [PMID: 39181946 PMCID: PMC11344826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This article introduces an innovative approach for creating a circular polarization (CP) antenna-based rotation-insensitive implantable wireless power transfer (WPT) system for medical devices. The system is constructed to work in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band of 902-928 MHz. Initially, a flexible, wide-band, and bio-compatible open-ended CP slot antenna is designed within a single-layer human skin tissue model to serve as the receiving (Rx) element. To form the implantable WPT link, a circular patch antenna is also constructed in the free-space to use as a transmitting (Tx) source. Further, a new metamaterial-polarization converter (MTM-PC) structure is developed and incorporated into the proposed system to enhance the power transfer efficiency (PTE). Furthermore, the rotational phenomenon of the Rx implant has been studied to show how the rotation affects the system's performance. Moreover, a numerical analysis of the specific absorption rate (SAR) is conducted to confirm compliance with safety regulations and prioritize human safety from electromagnetic exposure. Finally, to validate the introduced concept, prototypes of the different elements of the proposed WPT system were fabricated and tested using skin-mimicking gel and porcine tissue. The measured results confirm the feasibility of the introduced approach, exhibiting improved efficiency due to use of the MTM-PC. The amplitude of the transmission coefficient (| S 21 | ) has improved by 6.94 dB in the simulation, whereas the enhancement of 7.04 dB and 6.76 dB is obtained from the experimental study due to the integration of MTM-PC. As a result, the PTE of the proposed MTM-PC integrated implantable WPT system is increased significantly compared to the system without MTM-PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarakeswar Shaw
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Division of Solid-State Electronics, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bappaditya Mandal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Division of Solid-State Electronics, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gopinath Samanta
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The Lakshmi Niwas Mittal Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur, 302031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Thiemo Voigt
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Networked Embedded Systems, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, 711103, India
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Microwaves in Medical Engineering Group, Division of Solid-State Electronics, Uppsala University, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Bhatia A, Hanna J, Stuart T, Kasper KA, Clausen DM, Gutruf P. Wireless Battery-free and Fully Implantable Organ Interfaces. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2205-2280. [PMID: 38382030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Advances in soft materials, miniaturized electronics, sensors, stimulators, radios, and battery-free power supplies are resulting in a new generation of fully implantable organ interfaces that leverage volumetric reduction and soft mechanics by eliminating electrochemical power storage. This device class offers the ability to provide high-fidelity readouts of physiological processes, enables stimulation, and allows control over organs to realize new therapeutic and diagnostic paradigms. Driven by seamless integration with connected infrastructure, these devices enable personalized digital medicine. Key to advances are carefully designed material, electrophysical, electrochemical, and electromagnetic systems that form implantables with mechanical properties closely matched to the target organ to deliver functionality that supports high-fidelity sensors and stimulators. The elimination of electrochemical power supplies enables control over device operation, anywhere from acute, to lifetimes matching the target subject with physical dimensions that supports imperceptible operation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic building blocks of battery-free organ interfaces and related topics such as implantation, delivery, sterilization, and user acceptance. State of the art examples categorized by organ system and an outlook of interconnection and advanced strategies for computation leveraging the consistent power influx to elevate functionality of this device class over current battery-powered strategies is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Bhatia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kevin Albert Kasper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David Marshall Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program (GIDP), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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3
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Yadav A, Patil R, Dutta S. Advanced Self-Powered Biofuel Cells with Capacitor and Nanogenerator for Biomarker Sensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4060-4080. [PMID: 37787456 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered biofuel cells (BFCs) have evolved for highly sensitive detection of biomarkers such as noncodon micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in the presence of interfering substrates. Self-charging supercapacitive BFCs for in vivo and in vitro cellular microenvironments represent the most prevalent sensing mechanism for diagnosis. Therefore, self-powered biosensing (SPB) with a capacitor and contact separation with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) offers electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection via improved electrical signal intensity. In this review, we discuss three major components: stretchable self-powered BFC design, miRNA sensing, and impedance spectroscopy. A specific focus is given to 1) assembling of sensors for biomarkers, 2) electrical output signal intensification, and 3) role of supercapacitors and nanogenerators in SPBs. We outline the key features of stretchable SPBs and the sequence of miRNA sensing by SPBs. We have emphasized the need of a supercapacitor and nanogenerator for SPBs in the context of advanced assembly of the sensing unit. Finally, we outline the role of impedance spectroscopy in the detection and estimation of biomarkers. We highlight key challenges in SPBs for biomarker sensing, which needs improved sensing accuracy, integration strategies of electrochemical biosensing for in vitro and in vivo microenvironments, and the impact of miRNA sensing on cancer diagnostics. This article attempts a specific focus on the accuracy and limitations of sensing unit for miRNA biomarkers and associated tool for boosting electrical signal intensity for a potential big step further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Yadav
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Patil
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saikat Dutta
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Zhou M, Mao S, Wu Z, Li Y, Yang Z, Liu X, Ling W, Li J, Cui B, Guo Y, Guo R, Huo W, Huang X. A flexible omnidirectional rotating magnetic array for MRI-safe transdermal wireless energy harvesting through flexible electronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5451. [PMID: 37585524 PMCID: PMC10431719 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-safe implantable wireless energy harvester offers substantial benefits to patients suffering from brain disorders, hearing impairment, and arrhythmias. However, rigid magnets in cutting-edge systems with limited numbers of rotation axis impose high risk of device dislodgement and magnet failure. Here, a flexible omnidirectional rotating magnetic array (FORMA) and a flexible MRI-safe implantable wireless energy-harvesting system have been developed. Miniaturized flexible magnetic balls 1 millimeter in diameter achieved by molding three-dimensional printed templates can rotate freely in elastomer cavities and supply a magnetic force of 2.14 Newtons at a distance of 1 millimeter between an implantable receiver and a wearable transceiver. The system can work stably under an acceleration of 9g and obtain a power output of 15.62 decibel milliwatts at a transmission frequency of 8 megahertz. The development of the FORMA may lead to life-long flexible and batteryless implantable systems and offers the potential to promote techniques for monitoring and treating acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sui Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyue Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiameng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bixiao Cui
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of MRI and Brain Informatics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenxing Huo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Wearable Technology and Bioelectronics, Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, 1002 23rd Street, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Flexible Wearable Technology Research Center, Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua, 906 Yatai Road, Jiaxing 314033, China
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5
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Du Y, Du W, Lin D, Ai M, Li S, Zhang L. Recent Progress on Hydrogel-Based Piezoelectric Devices for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:167. [PMID: 36677228 PMCID: PMC9862259 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have great potential in the application of wearable and implantable devices. Through suitable chemical alteration, hydrogels, which are three-dimensional polymeric networks, demonstrate amazing stretchability and flexibility. Hydrogel-based electronics have been widely used in wearable sensing devices because of their biomimetic structure, biocompatibility, and stimuli-responsive electrical properties. Recently, hydrogel-based piezoelectric devices have attracted intensive attention because of the combination of their unique piezoelectric performance and conductive hydrogel configuration. This mini review is to give a summary of this exciting topic with a new insight into the design and strategy of hydrogel-based piezoelectric devices. We first briefly review the representative synthesis methods and strategies of hydrogels. Subsequently, this review provides several promising biomedical applications, such as bio-signal sensing, energy harvesting, wound healing, and ultrasonic stimulation. In the end, we also provide a personal perspective on the future strategies and address the remaining challenges on hydrogel-based piezoelectric electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Du
- Department of Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90018, USA
| | - Wenya Du
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dabin Lin
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Minghao Ai
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Songhang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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Arandia N, Garate JI, Mabe J. Embedded Sensor Systems in Medical Devices: Requisites and Challenges Ahead. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9917. [PMID: 36560284 PMCID: PMC9781231 DOI: 10.3390/s22249917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of technology enables the design of smarter medical devices. Embedded Sensor Systems play an important role, both in monitoring and diagnostic devices for healthcare. The design and development of Embedded Sensor Systems for medical devices are subjected to standards and regulations that will depend on the intended use of the device as well as the used technology. This article summarizes the challenges to be faced when designing Embedded Sensor Systems for the medical sector. With this aim, it presents the innovation context of the sector, the stages of new medical device development, the technological components that make up an Embedded Sensor System and the regulatory framework that applies to it. Finally, this article highlights the need to define new medical product design and development methodologies that help companies to successfully introduce new technologies in medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Arandia
- TEKNIKER, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20600 Eibar, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Garate
- Department of Electronics Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jon Mabe
- TEKNIKER, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20600 Eibar, Spain
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7
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Shen L, Teng C, Wang Z, Bai H, Kumar S, Min R. Semiconductor Multimaterial Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:882. [PMID: 36291019 PMCID: PMC9599191 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integrated sensors and transmitters of a wide variety of human physiological indicators have recently emerged in the form of multimaterial optical fibers. The methods utilized in the manufacture of optical fibers facilitate the use of a wide range of functional elements in microscale optical fibers with an extensive variety of structures. This article presents an overview and review of semiconductor multimaterial optical fibers, their fabrication and postprocessing techniques, different geometries, and integration in devices that can be further utilized in biomedical applications. Semiconductor optical fiber sensors and fiber lasers for body temperature regulation, in vivo detection, volatile organic compound detection, and medical surgery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Shen
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Chuanxin Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Hongyi Bai
- College of Electronics and Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Rui Min
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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8
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Yu C, Liu X, Zhang J, Chao Y, Jia X, Wang C, Wallace GG. A Battery Method to Enhance the Degradation of Iron Stent and Regulating the Effect on Living Cells. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200344. [PMID: 35689331 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a promising material for cardiovascular stent applications, however, the low biodegradation rate presents a challenge. Here, a dynamic method to improve the degradation rate of iron and simultaneously deliver electrical energy that could potentially inhibit cell proliferation on the device is reported. It is realized by pairing iron with a biocompatible hydrogel cathode in a cell culture media-based electrolyte forming an iron-air battery. This system does not show cytotoxicity to human adipose-stem cells over a period of 21 days but inhibits cell proliferation. The combination of enhanced iron degradation and inhibited cell proliferation by this dynamic method suggests it might be an approach for restenosis inhibition of biodegradable stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Chao
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia
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9
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Fernandez SV, Cai F, Chen S, Suh E, Tiepelt J, McIntosh R, Marcus C, Acosta D, Mejorado D, Dagdeviren C. On-Body Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters through Innovative Designs and Conformable Structures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 9:2070-2086. [PMID: 34735770 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable technology have improved lifestyle and medical practices, enabling personalized care ranging from fitness tracking, to real-time health monitoring, to predictive sensing. Wearable devices serve as an interface between humans and technology; however, this integration is far from seamless. These devices face various limitations such as size, biocompatibility, and battery constraints wherein batteries are bulky, are expensive, and require regular replacement. On-body energy harvesting presents a promising alternative to battery power by utilizing the human body's continuous generation of energy. This review paper begins with an investigation of contemporary energy harvesting methods, with a deep focus on piezoelectricity. We then highlight the materials, configurations, and structures of such methods for self-powered devices. Here, we propose a novel combination of thin-film composites, kirigami patterns, and auxetic structures to lay the groundwork for an integrated piezoelectric system to monitor and sense. This approach has the potential to maximize energy output by amplifying the piezoelectric effect and manipulating the strain distribution. As a departure from bulky, rigid device design, we explore compositions and microfabrication processes for conformable energy harvesters. We conclude by discussing the limitations of these harvesters and future directions that expand upon current applications for wearable technology. Further exploration of materials, configurations, and structures introduce interdisciplinary applications for such integrated systems. Considering these factors can revolutionize the production and consumption of energy as wearable technology becomes increasingly prevalent in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Fernandez
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Fiona Cai
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sophia Chen
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emma Suh
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jan Tiepelt
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rachel McIntosh
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Colin Marcus
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Daniel Acosta
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - David Mejorado
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Shao Z, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Guo H, Cui X, Sun Z, Liu Y, Wu Y, Cui P, Fu J, Su Q, Xie E. Wearable and Fully Biocompatible All-in-One Structured ″Paper-Like″ Zinc Ion Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34349-34356. [PMID: 34279899 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A power supply with the characteristics of portability and safety will be one of the dominating mainstreams for future wearable electronics and implantable biomedical devices. The conventional energy storage devices with typical sandwich structures have complicated components and low mechanical properties, suffering from the apparent performance degradation during deformation and hindering the possibility of implanting biomedical units. Herein, a novel all-in-one structure ″paper-like″ zinc ion battery (ZIB) was designed and assembled from an electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanomembrane (as the separator) with in situ deposited anode (zinc nanosheets) and cathode (MnO2 nanosheets), which ensures the monolith under different bending states by avoiding the relative sliding and detaching between the integrated layers. Benefiting from the well-designed all-in-one construction and electrodes, the resultant all-in-one ZIB (AZIB) features an ultrathin thickness (about 97 μm), superior specific capacity of 353.8 mAh g-1 (at 0.1 mA cm-2), and outstanding cycling stability (98.7% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 A cm-2). And the achieved volumetric energy density is as high as 17.5 mWh cm-3 at a power density of 116.4 mW cm-3. Impressively, the concept of wearable electronic applications of the obtained AZIB was fully demonstrated with excellent flexibility and remarkable temperature resistance under various severe conditions. Our AZIB may provide a versatile strategy for applying and developing flexible wearable electronics and implantable biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Shao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Situo Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yaxiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhou Guo
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosha Cui
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenheng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jiecai Fu
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Su
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Erqing Xie
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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11
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Mittal N, Ojanguren A, Niederberger M, Lizundia E. Degradation Behavior, Biocompatibility, Electrochemical Performance, and Circularity Potential of Transient Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004814. [PMID: 34194934 PMCID: PMC8224425 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient technology seeks the development of materials, devices, or systems that undergo controlled degradation processes after a stable operation period, leaving behind harmless residues. To enable externally powered fully transient devices operating for longer periods compared to passive devices, transient batteries are needed. Albeit transient batteries are initially intended for biomedical applications, they represent an effective solution to circumvent the current contaminant leakage into the environment. Transient technology enables a more efficient recycling as it enhances material retrieval rates, limiting both human and environmental exposures to the hazardous pollutants present in conventional batteries. Little efforts are focused to catalog and understand the degradation characteristics of transient batteries. As the energy field is a property-driven science, not only electrochemical performance but also their degradation behavior plays a pivotal role in defining the specific end-use applications. The state-of-the-art transient batteries are critically reviewed with special emphasis on the degradation mechanisms, transiency time, and biocompatibility of the released degradation products. The potential of transient batteries to change the current paradigm that considers batteries as harmful waste is highlighted. Overall, transient batteries are ready for takeoff and hold a promising future to be a frontrunner in the uptake of circular economy concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Mittal
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Alazne Ojanguren
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Laboratory for Multifunctional MaterialsDepartment of MaterialsETH ZürichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 5Zürich8093Switzerland
- Life Cycle Thinking GroupDepartment of Graphic Design and Engineering ProjectsFaculty of Engineering in BilbaoUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Bilbao48013Spain
- BCMaterialsBasque Center for MaterialsApplications and NanostructuresUPV/EHU Science ParkLeioa48940Spain
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12
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Soliman MM, Chowdhury MEH, Khandakar A, Islam MT, Qiblawey Y, Musharavati F, Zal Nezhad E. Review on Medical Implantable Antenna Technology and Imminent Research Challenges. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093163. [PMID: 34063296 PMCID: PMC8125567 DOI: 10.3390/s21093163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Implantable antennas are mandatory to transfer data from implants to the external world wirelessly. Smart implants can be used to monitor and diagnose the medical conditions of the patient. The dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and variability of organ structures of the human body absorb most of the antenna radiation. Consequently, implanting an antenna inside the human body is a very challenging task. The design of the antenna is required to fulfill several conditions, such as miniaturization of the antenna dimension, biocompatibility, the satisfaction of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficient radiation characteristics. The asymmetric hostile human body environment makes implant antenna technology even more challenging. This paper aims to summarize the recent implantable antenna technologies for medical applications and highlight the major research challenges. Also, it highlights the required technology and the frequency band, and the factors that can affect the radio frequency propagation through human body tissue. It includes a demonstration of a parametric literature investigation of the implantable antennas developed. Furthermore, fabrication and implantation methods of the antenna inside the human body are summarized elaborately. This extensive summary of the medical implantable antenna technology will help in understanding the prospects and challenges of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohiuddin Soliman
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia; (M.M.S.); (M.T.I.)
| | - Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.K.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.C.); (F.M.); Tel.: +974-4403-7382 (M.E.H.C.)
| | - Amith Khandakar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.K.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Mohammad Tariqul Islam
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia; (M.M.S.); (M.T.I.)
| | - Yazan Qiblawey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.K.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Farayi Musharavati
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering Department, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (M.E.H.C.); (F.M.); Tel.: +974-4403-7382 (M.E.H.C.)
| | - Erfan Zal Nezhad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
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13
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Jiang L, Yang Y, Chen Y, Zhou Q. Ultrasound-Induced Wireless Energy Harvesting: From Materials Strategies to Functional Applications. NANO ENERGY 2020; 77:105131. [PMID: 32905454 PMCID: PMC7469949 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wireless energy harvesting represents an emerging technology that can be integrated into a variety of systems for biomedical, physical, and chemical functions. The miniaturization and ease of implementation are the main challenges for the development of wireless energy harvesting systems. Unlike most reported wireless energy harvesting technologies represented by electromagnetic coupling, the new generation of ultrasound-induced wireless energy harvesting (UWEH) that use propagating ultrasound waves to carry the available energy provides a strategy with higher resolution, deeper penetration, and more security, especially in nanodevices and implantable medical systems where a long-term stable power is required. Recently, advances in nanotechnologies, microelectronics, and biomedical systems are revolutionizing UWEH. In this article, an overview of recent developments in UWEH technologies that use a variety of material strategies and system designs based on the piezoelectric and capacitive energy harvesting mechanisms is provided. Practical applications are also presented, including wireless power for bio-implantable devices, direct cell/tissue electrical stimulations, wireless recording and communication in nervous systems, ultrasonic modulated drug delivery, self-powered acoustic sensors, and ultrasound-induced piezoelectric catalysis. Finally, perspectives and opportunities are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiming Jiang
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
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14
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Yin S, Liu X, Kobayashi Y, Nishina Y, Nakagawa R, Yanai R, Kimura K, Miyake T. A needle-type biofuel cell using enzyme/mediator/carbon nanotube composite fibers for wearable electronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Powering future body sensor network systems: A review of power sources. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Zhao J, Ghannam R, Htet KO, Liu Y, Law M, Roy VAL, Michel B, Imran MA, Heidari H. Self-Powered Implantable Medical Devices: Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000779. [PMID: 32729228 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Implantable technologies are becoming more widespread for biomedical applications that include physical identification, health diagnosis, monitoring, recording, and treatment of human physiological traits. However, energy harvesting and power generation beneath the human tissue are still a major challenge. In this regard, self-powered implantable devices that scavenge energy from the human body are attractive for long-term monitoring of human physiological traits. Thanks to advancements in material science and nanotechnology, energy harvesting techniques that rely on piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity, biofuel, and radio frequency power transfer are emerging. However, all these techniques suffer from limitations that include low power output, bulky size, or low efficiency. Photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion is one of the most promising candidates for implantable applications due to their higher-power conversion efficiencies and small footprint. Herein, the latest implantable energy harvesting technologies are surveyed. A comparison between the different state-of-the-art power harvesting methods is also provided. Finally, recommendations are provided regarding the feasibility of PV cells as an in vivo energy harvester, with an emphasis on skin penetration, fabrication, encapsulation, durability, biocompatibility, and power management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhao
- James Watts school of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Rami Ghannam
- James Watts school of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Kaung Oo Htet
- James Watts school of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Yuchi Liu
- James Watts school of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Man‐kay Law
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed‐Signal VLSI AMSV University of Macao Macao China
| | | | - Bruno Michel
- Smart System Integration IBM Research GmbH Rueschlikon CH‐8803 Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Ali Imran
- James Watts school of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Hadi Heidari
- James Watts school of Engineering University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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17
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Roy R, Mukherjee S, Lakkaraju R, Chakraborty S. Streaming potential in bio-mimetic microvessels mediated by capillary glycocalyx. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104039. [PMID: 32645366 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Implantable medical devices and biosensors are pivotal in revolutionizing the field of medical technology by opening new dimensions in the field of disease detection and cure. These devices need to harness a biocompatible and physiologically sustainable safe power source instead of relying on external stimuli, overcoming the constraints on their applicability in-vivo. Here, by appealing to the interplay of electromechanics and hydrodynamics in physiologically relevant microvessels, we bring out the role of charged endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) towards establishing a streaming potential across physiological fluidic conduits. We account for the complex rheology of blood-mimicking fluid by appealing to Newtonian fluid model representing the blood plasma and a viscoelastic fluid model representing the whole blood. We model the EGL as a poroelastic layer with volumetric charge distribution. Our results reveal that for physiologically relevant micro-flows, the streaming potential induced is typically of the order of 0.1 V/mm, which may turn out to be substantial towards energizing biosensors and implantable medical devices whose power requirements are typically in the range of micro to milliwatts. We also bring out the specific implications of the relevant physiological parameters towards establishment of the streaming potential, with a vision of augmenting the same within plausible functional limits. We further unveil that the dependence of streaming potential on EGL thickness might be one of the key aspects in unlocking the mystery behind the angiogenesis pattern. Our results may open up novel bio-sensing and actuating possibilities in medical diagnostics as well as may provide a possible alternative regarding the development of physiologically safe and biocompatible power sources within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Siddhartha Mukherjee
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Rajaram Lakkaraju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Advanced Technology Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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18
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Abstract
With ever-increasing concerns on health and environmental safety, there is a fast-growing interest in new technologies for medical devices and applications. Particularly, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology provides reliable and convenient power charging for implant medical devices without additional surgery. For those WPT medical systems, the width of the human body restricts the charging distance, while the specific absorption rate (SAR) standard limits the intensity of the electromagnetic field. In order to develop a high-efficient charging strategy for medical implants, the key factors of transmission distance, coil structure, resonant frequency, etc. are paid special attention. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of near-field WPT technologies in medical devices is presented and discussed. Also, future development is discussed for the prediction of different devices when embedded in various locations of the human body. Moreover, the key issues including power transfer efficiency and output power are addressed and analyzed. All concerning characteristics of WPT links for medical usage are elaborated and discussed. Thus, this review provides an in-depth investigation and the whole map for WPT technologies applied in medical applications.
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19
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Stolarczyk K, Rogalski J, Bilewicz R. NAD(P)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase: Applications for biosensors, bioelectrodes, and biofuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107574. [PMID: 32498025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the physical and chemical properties of nicotinamide redox cofactor dependent glucose dehydrogenase (NAD(P) dependent GDH) and its extensive application in biosensors and bio-fuel cells. GDHs from different organisms show diverse biochemical properties (e.g., activity and stability) and preferences towards cofactors, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). The (NAD(P)+) play important roles in biological electron transfer, however, there are some difficulties related to their application in devices that originate from their chemical properties and labile binding to the GDH enzyme. This review discusses the electrode modifications aimed at immobilising NAD+ or NADP+ cofactors and GDH at electrodes. Binding of the enzyme was achieved by appropriate protein engineering techniques, including polymerisation, hydrophobisation or hydrophilisation processes. Various enzyme-modified electrodes applied in biosensors, enzymatic fuel cells, and biobatteries are compared. Importantly, GDH can operate alone or as part of an enzymatic cascade, which often improves the functional parameters of the biofuel cell or simply allows use of cheaper fuels. Overall, this review explores how NAD(P)-dependent GDH has recently demonstrated high potential for use in various systems to generate electricity from biological sources for applications in implantable biomedical devices, wireless sensors, and portable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Stolarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura St. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka Str. 19, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura St. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Zadan M, Malakooti MH, Majidi C. Soft and Stretchable Thermoelectric Generators Enabled by Liquid Metal Elastomer Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17921-17928. [PMID: 32208638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) capable of harvesting electrical energy from body heat under cold weather conditions have the potential to make wearable electronic and robotic systems more lightweight and portable by reducing their dependency on on-board batteries. However, progress depends on the integration of soft conductive materials for robust electrical wiring and thermal management. The use of thermally conductive soft elastomers is especially important for conforming to the body, absorbing body heat, and maintaining a temperature gradient between the two sides of the TEGs in order to generate power. Here, we introduce a soft-matter TEG architecture composed of electrically and thermally conductive liquid metal embedded elastomer (LMEE) composites with integrated arrays of n-type and p-type Bi2Te3 semiconductors. The incorporation of a LMEE as a multifunctional encapsulating material allows for the seamless integration of 100 thermoelectric semiconductor elements into a simplified material layup that has a dimension of 41.0 × 47.3 × 3.0 mm. These stretchable thermoelectric devices generate voltages of 59.96 mV at Δ10 °C, 130 mV at Δ30 °C, and 278.6 mV and a power of 86.6 μW/cm2 at Δ60 °C. Moreover, they do not electrically or mechanically fail when stretched to strains above 50%, making them well-suited for energy harvesting in soft electronics and wearable computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Zadan
- Physics Department, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Mohammad H Malakooti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Carmel Majidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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21
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Khan MM, Rahman ZU, Deen KM, Shabib I, Haider W. Sputtered Mg100-xZnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 100) systems as anode materials for a biodegradable battery aimed for transient bioelectronics. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Overview of Human Walking Induced Energy Harvesting Technologies and Its Possibility for Walking Robotics. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is mainly to provide an overview of human walking induced energy harvest. Focusing on the proportion of all energy sources provided by daily activity, the available human walking induced energy is divided with respect to the generation principle. The extensive research on harvesting energy results from body vibration, inertial element, and foot press to convert into electricity is overviewed. Over the past decades, various smart materials have been employed to achieve energy conversion. Generators based on electromagnetic induction or the triboelectric effect were developed and integrated. Small captured power and low overall efficiency are criticized. The concept of human walking energy harvest is extended into the wearable walking robotics using other mediums, such as fluid, to transmit power instead of electricity. By comparison, it is indicated that less energy conversion links are involved in energy regeneration of such applications and expected to guarantee less loss and higher efficiency. Meanwhile, in order to overcome the shortage of relatively low power output, comments are made that the harvester should be capable of adaptation under the condition that the mechanical energy of lower limb and feet is subject to change in different gait phases so as to maximize the collected energy.
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23
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Alam M, Li S, Ahmed RU, Yam YM, Thakur S, Wang XY, Tang D, Ng S, Zheng YP. Development of a battery-free ultrasonically powered functional electrical stimulator for movement restoration after paralyzing spinal cord injury. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:36. [PMID: 30850027 PMCID: PMC6408863 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to restore movements in paretic limbs after severe paralyses resulting from neurological injuries such as spinal cord injury (SCI). Most chronic FES systems utilize an implantable electrical stimulator to deliver a small electric current to the targeted muscle or nerve to stimulate muscle contractions. These implanted stimulators are generally bulky, mainly due to the size of the batteries. Furthermore, these battery-powered stimulators are required to be explanted every few years for battery replacement which may result in surgical failures or infections. Hence, a wireless power transfer technique is desirable to power these implantable stimulators. METHODS Conventional wireless power transduction faces significant challenges for safe and efficient energy transfer through the skin and deep into the body. Inductive and electromagnetic power transduction is generally used for very short distances and may also interfere with other medical measurements such as X-ray and MRI. To address these issues, we have developed a wireless, ultrasonically powered, implantable piezoelectric stimulator. The stimulator is encapsulated with biocompatible materials. RESULTS The stimulator is capable of harvesting a maximum of 5.95 mW electric power at an 8-mm depth under the skin from an ultrasound beam with about 380 mW/cm2 of acoustic intensity. The stimulator was implanted in several paraplegic rats with SCI. Our implanted stimulator successfully induced several hindlimb muscle contractions and restored leg movement. CONCLUSIONS A battery-free miniature (10 mm diameter × 4 mm thickness) implantable stimulator, developed in the current study is capable of directly stimulating paretic muscles through external ultrasound signals. The required cost to develop the stimulator is relatively low as all the components are off the shelf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monzurul Alam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rakib Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yat Man Yam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suman Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028 India
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Serena Ng
- Community Rehabilitation Service Support Centre, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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24
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Grazioli D, Zadin V, Brandell D, Simone A. Electrochemical-mechanical modeling of solid polymer electrolytes: Stress development and non-uniform electric current density in trench geometry microbatteries. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Challenges for successful implantation of biofuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2018; 124:57-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Trigui A, Hached S, Ammari AC, Savaria Y, Sawan M. Maximizing Data Transmission Rate for Implantable Devices Over a Single Inductive Link: Methodological Review. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2018; 12:72-87. [PMID: 30295628 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2018.2873817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Due to the constantly growing geriatric population and the projected increase of the prevalence of chronic diseases that are refractory to drugs, implantable medical devices (IMDs) such as neurostimulators, endoscopic capsules, artificial retinal prostheses, and brain-machine interfaces are being developed. According to many business forecast firms, the IMD market is expected to grow and they are subject to much research aiming to overcome the numerous challenges of their development. One of these challenges consists of designing a wireless power and data transmission system that has high power efficiency, high data rates, low power consumption, and high robustness against noise. This is in addition to minimal design and implementation complexity. This manuscript concerns a comprehensive survey of the latest techniques used to power up and communicate between an external base station and an IMD. Patient safety considerations related to biological, physical, electromagnetic, and electromagnetic interference concerns for wireless IMDs are also explored. The simultaneous powering and data communication techniques using a single inductive link for both power transfer and bidirectional data communication, including the various data modulation/demodulation techniques, are also reviewed. This review will hopefully contribute to the persistent efforts to implement compact reliable IMDs while lowering their cost and upsurging their benefits.
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27
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Shah SAA, Firlak M, Berrow SR, Halcovitch NR, Baldock SJ, Yousafzai BM, Hathout RM, Hardy JG. Electrochemically Enhanced Drug Delivery Using Polypyrrole Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1123. [PMID: 29966387 PMCID: PMC6073109 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of drugs in a controllable fashion is a topic of intense research activity in both academia and industry because of its impact in healthcare. Implantable electronic interfaces for the body have great potential for positive economic, health, and societal impacts; however, the implantation of such interfaces results in inflammatory responses due to a mechanical mismatch between the inorganic substrate and soft tissue, and also results in the potential for microbial infection during complex surgical procedures. Here, we report the use of conducting polypyrrole (PPY)-based coatings loaded with clinically relevant drugs (either an anti-inflammatory, dexamethasone phosphate (DMP), or an antibiotic, meropenem (MER)). The films were characterized and were shown to enhance the delivery of the drugs upon the application of an electrochemical stimulus in vitro, by circa (ca.) 10⁻30% relative to the passive release from non-stimulated samples. Interestingly, the loading and release of the drugs was correlated with the physical descriptors of the drugs. In the long term, such materials have the potential for application to the surfaces of medical devices to diminish adverse reactions to their implantation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Ashfaq Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College No. 1, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan.
| | - Melike Firlak
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | | | | | - Sara Jane Baldock
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | | | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
- Bioinformatics Program, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| | - John George Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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28
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Bussooa A, Neale S, Mercer JR. Future of Smart Cardiovascular Implants. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072008. [PMID: 29932154 PMCID: PMC6068883 DOI: 10.3390/s18072008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Western society. Recent technological advances have opened the opportunity of developing new and innovative smart stent devices that have advanced electrical properties that can improve diagnosis and even treatment of previously intractable conditions, such as central line access failure, atherosclerosis and reporting on vascular grafts for renal dialysis. Here we review the latest advances in the field of cardiovascular medical implants, providing a broad overview of the application of their use in the context of cardiovascular disease rather than an in-depth analysis of the current state of the art. We cover their powering, communication and the challenges faced in their fabrication. We focus specifically on those devices required to maintain vascular access such as ones used to treat arterial disease, a major source of heart attacks and strokes. We look forward to advances in these technologies in the future and their implementation to improve the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Bussooa
- School of Engineering James Watt South Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Steven Neale
- School of Engineering James Watt South Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - John R Mercer
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Current State and Future Perspectives of Energy Sources for Totally Implantable Cardiac Devices. ASAIO J 2017; 62:639-645. [PMID: 27442857 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large population of patients with end-stage congestive heart failure who cannot be treated by means of conventional cardiac surgery, cardiac transplantation, or chronic catecholamine infusions. Implantable cardiac devices, many designated as destination therapy, have revolutionized patient care and outcomes, although infection and complications related to external power sources or routine battery exchange remain a substantial risk. Complications from repeat battery replacement, power failure, and infections ultimately endanger the original objectives of implantable biomedical device therapy - eliminating the intended patient autonomy, affecting patient quality of life and survival. We sought to review the limitations of current cardiac biomedical device energy sources and discuss the current state and trends of future potential energy sources in pursuit of a lifelong fully implantable biomedical device.
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Roxby DN, Nguyen HT. Effect of growth solution, membrane size and array connection on microbial fuel cell power supply for medical devices. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:1946-1949. [PMID: 28268709 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Implanted biomedical devices typically last a number of years before their batteries are depleted and a surgery is required to replace them. A Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a device which by using bacteria, directly breaks down sugars to generate electricity. Conceptually there is potential to continually power implanted medical devices for the lifetime of a patient. To investigate the practical potential of this technology, H-Cell Dual Chamber MFCs were evaluated with two different growth solutions and measurements recorded for maximum power output both of individual MFCs and connected MFCs. Using Luria-Bertani media and connecting MFCs in a hybrid series and parallel arrangement with larger membrane sizes showed the highest power output and the greatest potential for replacing implanted batteries.
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31
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Biodegradable Nanocomposites for Energy Harvesting, Self-healing, and Shape Memory. SMART POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50424-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Yu C, Wang C, Liu X, Jia X, Naficy S, Shu K, Forsyth M, Wallace GG. A Cytocompatible Robust Hybrid Conducting Polymer Hydrogel for Use in a Magnesium Battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9349-9355. [PMID: 27578399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A cytocompatible robust hybrid conducting-polymer hydrogel, polypyrrole/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) is developed. This hydrogel is suitable for electrode-cellular applications. It demonstrates a high battery performance when coupled with a bioresorbable Mg alloy in phosphate-buffered saline. A combination of suitable mechanical and electrochemical properties makes this hydrogel a promising material for bionic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Yu
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Sina Naficy
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Kewei Shu
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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33
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Song K, Han JH, Lim T, Kim N, Shin S, Kim J, Choo H, Jeong S, Kim YC, Wang ZL, Lee J. Subdermal Flexible Solar Cell Arrays for Powering Medical Electronic Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1572-80. [PMID: 27139339 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A subdermally implantable flexible photovoltatic (IPV) device is proposed for supplying sustainable electric power to in vivo medical implants. Electric properties of the implanted IPV device are characterized in live animal models. Feasibility of this strategy is demonstrated by operating a flexible pacemaker with the subdermal IPV device which generates DC electric power of ≈647 μW under the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangsun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Han
- Department of Medical System Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Taehoon Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Namyun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Sungho Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Juho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Hyuck Choo
- Department of Electrical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Department of Medical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Sungho Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
- School of Life Science; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Jongho Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); Gwangju 500-712 South Korea
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34
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Rojas-Carbonell S, Babanova S, Serov A, Ulyanova Y, Singhal S, Atanassov P. Hybrid electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: Integrating enzymatic and non-platinum group metal catalysis. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Kölbl F, N'Kaoua G, Naudet F, Berthier F, Faggiani E, Renaud S, Benazzouz A, Lewis N. An Embedded Deep Brain Stimulator for Biphasic Chronic Experiments in Freely Moving Rodents. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2016; 10:72-84. [PMID: 25546861 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2014.2368788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a Deep Brain Stimulation device, portable, for chronic experiments on rodents in the context of Parkinson's disease. Our goal is to equip the animal with a device that mimics the human therapeutic conditions. It implies to respect a set of properties such as bilateral current-mode and charge-balanced stimulation, as well as programmability, low power consumption and re-usability to finally reach a suitable weight for long-term experiments. After the analysis of the solutions found in the literature, the full design of the device is explained. First, the stimulation front-end circuit driven by a processor unit, then the choice of supply sources which is a critical point for the weight and life-time of our system. Our low cost system has been realized using commercial discrete components and the overall power consumption was minimized. We achieved 6 days of maximal current stimulation with the chosen battery for a weight of 13.8 g . Finally, the device was carried out in vivo on rats during a 3 weeks experiment as the used implantation technique allows battery changing. This experiment also permits to emphasize the mechanical aspects including the packaging and electrodes holding.
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36
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Roxby DN, Nguyen HT. Experimenting with microbial fuel cells for powering implanted biomedical devices. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:2685-8. [PMID: 26736845 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology has the ability to directly convert sugar into electricity by using bacteria. Such a technology could be useful for powering implanted biomedical devices that require a surgery to replace their batteries every couple of years. In steps towards this, parameters such as electrode configuration, inoculation size, stirring of the MFC and single versus dual chamber reactor configuration were tested for their effect on MFC power output. Results indicate that a Top-Bottom electrode configuration, stirring and larger amounts of bacteria in single chamber MFCs, and smaller amounts of bacteria in dual chamber MFCs give increased power outputs. Finally, overall dual chamber MFCs give several fold larger MFC power outputs.
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37
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Yang X, Yuan W, Li D, Zhang X. Study on an improved bio-electrode made with glucose oxidase immobilized mesoporous carbon in biofuel cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for process optimization to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx) on ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yang
- College of Life Science
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- China
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
| | - Wenqiao Yuan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Textile Engineering
- Chemistry and Science
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Xiangwu Zhang
- Department of Textile Engineering
- Chemistry and Science
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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38
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Fujimagari Y, Nishioka Y. Stretchable glucose biofuel cell with wirings made of multiwall carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Ben Amar A, Kouki AB, Cao H. Power Approaches for Implantable Medical Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:28889-914. [PMID: 26580626 PMCID: PMC4701313 DOI: 10.3390/s151128889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Implantable medical devices have been implemented to provide treatment and to assess in vivo physiological information in humans as well as animal models for medical diagnosis and prognosis, therapeutic applications and biological science studies. The advances of micro/nanotechnology dovetailed with novel biomaterials have further enhanced biocompatibility, sensitivity, longevity and reliability in newly-emerged low-cost and compact devices. Close-loop systems with both sensing and treatment functions have also been developed to provide point-of-care and personalized medicine. Nevertheless, one of the remaining challenges is whether power can be supplied sufficiently and continuously for the operation of the entire system. This issue is becoming more and more critical to the increasing need of power for wireless communication in implanted devices towards the future healthcare infrastructure, namely mobile health (m-Health). In this review paper, methodologies to transfer and harvest energy in implantable medical devices are introduced and discussed to highlight the uses and significances of various potential power sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ben Amar
- LACIME Laboratory, University of Quebec, ÉTS, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada.
| | - Ammar B Kouki
- LACIME Laboratory, University of Quebec, ÉTS, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada.
| | - Hung Cao
- Division of Engineering, STEM, University of Washington, Bothell, WA 98011, USA.
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40
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41
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Continuous power generation from glucose with two different miniature flow-through enzymatic biofuel cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 69:199-205. [PMID: 25744600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) can generate energy from metabolites present in physiological fluids. They represent an attractive alternative to lithium batteries to power implantable devices, as they work at body temperature, are light and easy-to-miniaturise. To be implantable in blood vessels, EBFCs should not only be made of non-toxic and biocompatible compounds but should also be able to operate in continuous flow-through mode. The EBFC devices reported so far, however, implement carbon-based materials of questionable toxicity and stability, such as carbon nanotubes, and rely on the use of external redox mediators for the electrical connection between the enzyme and the electrode. With this study, we demonstrate for the first time continuous power generation by flow through miniature enzymatic biofuel cells fed with an aerated solution of glucose and no redox mediators. Non-toxic highly porous gold was used as the electrode material and the immobilisation of the enzymes onto the electrodes surface was performed via cost-effective and easy-to-reproduce methodologies. The results presented here are a significant step towards the development of revolutionary implantable medical devices that extract the power they require from metabolites in the body.
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42
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Roxby DN, Tran N, Nguyen HT. A simple microbial fuel cell model for improvement of biomedical device powering times. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:634-7. [PMID: 25570039 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a Matlab based Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) model for a suspended microbial population, in the anode chamber for the use of the MFC in powering biomedical devices. The model contains three main sections including microbial growth, microbial chemical uptake and secretion and electrochemical modeling. The microbial growth portion is based on a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) model for the microbial growth with substrate and electron acceptors. Microbial stoichiometry is used to determine chemical concentrations and their rates of change and transfer within the MFC. These parameters are then used in the electrochemical modeling for calculating current, voltage and power. The model was tested for typically exhibited MFC characteristics including increased electrode distances and surface areas, overpotentials and operating temperatures. Implantable biomedical devices require long term powering which is the main objective for MFCs. Towards this end, our model was tested with different initial substrate and electron acceptor concentrations, revealing a four-fold increase in concentrations decreased the power output time by 50%. Additionally, the model also predicts that for a 35.7% decrease in specific growth rate, a 50% increase in power longevity is possible.
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43
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Fujimagari Y, Fukushi Y, Nishioka Y. Stretchable Biofuel Cells with Silver Nanowiring on a Polydimethylsiloxane Substrate. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2015. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.28.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujimagari
- Department of Precision Machinery, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | - Yudai Fukushi
- Department of Precision Machinery, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | - Yasushiro Nishioka
- Department of Precision Machinery, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
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44
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Jia X, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhao C, Vijayaraghavan R, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M, Wallace GG. Biocompatible ionic liquid-biopolymer electrolyte-enabled thin and compact magnesium-air batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21110-7. [PMID: 25380306 DOI: 10.1021/am505985z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With the surge of interest in miniaturized implanted medical devices (IMDs), implantable power sources with small dimensions and biocompatibility are in high demand. Implanted battery/supercapacitor devices are commonly packaged within a case that occupies a large volume, making miniaturization difficult. In this study, we demonstrate a polymer electrolyte-enabled biocompatible magnesium-air battery device with a total thickness of approximately 300 μm. It consists of a biocompatible polypyrrole-para(toluene sulfonic acid) cathode and a bioresorbable magnesium alloy anode. The biocompatible electrolyte used is made of choline nitrate (ionic liquid) embedded in a biopolymer, chitosan. This polymer electrolyte is mechanically robust and offers a high ionic conductivity of 8.9 × 10(-3) S cm(-1). The assembled battery delivers a maximum volumetric power density of 3.9 W L(-1), which is sufficient to drive some types of IMDs, such as cardiac pacemakers or biomonitoring systems. This miniaturized, biocompatible magnesium-air battery may pave the way to a future generation of implantable power sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Jia
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , Wollongong 2522, Australia
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45
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Li S, Shu K, Zhao C, Wang C, Guo Z, Wallace G, Liu HK. One-step synthesis of graphene/polypyrrole nanofiber composites as cathode material for a biocompatible zinc/polymer battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16679-16686. [PMID: 25198621 DOI: 10.1021/am503572w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The significance of developing implantable, biocompatible, miniature power sources operated in a low current range has become manifest in recent years to meet the demands of the fast-growing market for biomedical microdevices. In this work, we focus on developing high-performance cathode material for biocompatible zinc/polymer batteries utilizing biofluids as electrolyte. Conductive polymers and graphene are generally considered to be biocompatible and suitable for bioengineering applications. To harness the high electrical conductivity of graphene and the redox capability of polypyrrole (PPy), a polypyrrole fiber/graphene composite has been synthesized via a simple one-step route. This composite is highly conductive (141 S cm(-1)) and has a large specific surface area (561 m(2) g(-1)). It performs more effectively as the cathode material than pure polypyrrole fibers. The battery constructed with PPy fiber/reduced graphene oxide cathode and Zn anode delivered an energy density of 264 mWh g(-1) in 0.1 M phosphate-buffer saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and ‡ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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46
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Lamberg P, Shleev S, Ludwig R, Arnebrant T, Ruzgas T. Performance of enzymatic fuel cell in cell culture. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 55:168-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Kim YJ, Wu W, Chun SE, Whitacre JF, Bettinger CJ. Biologically derived melanin electrodes in aqueous sodium-ion energy storage devices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20912-7. [PMID: 24324163 PMCID: PMC3876213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314345110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable electronics represents an attractive and emerging paradigm in medical devices by harnessing simultaneous advantages afforded by electronically active systems and obviating issues with chronic implants. Integrating practical energy sources that are compatible with the envisioned operation of transient devices is an unmet challenge for biodegradable electronics. Although high-performance energy storage systems offer a feasible solution, toxic materials and electrolytes present regulatory hurdles for use in temporary medical devices. Aqueous sodium-ion charge storage devices combined with biocompatible electrodes are ideal components to power next-generation biodegradable electronics. Here, we report the use of biologically derived organic electrodes composed of melanin pigments for use in energy storage devices. Melanins of natural (derived from Sepia officinalis) and synthetic origin are evaluated as anode materials in aqueous sodium-ion storage devices. Na(+)-loaded melanin anodes exhibit specific capacities of 30.4 ± 1.6 mAhg(-1). Full cells composed of natural melanin anodes and λ-MnO2 cathodes exhibit an initial potential of 1.03 ± 0.06 V with a maximum specific capacity of 16.1 ± 0.8 mAhg(-1). Natural melanin anodes exhibit higher specific capacities compared with synthetic melanins due to a combination of beneficial chemical, electrical, and physical properties exhibited by the former. Taken together, these results suggest that melanin pigments may serve as a naturally occurring biologically derived charge storage material to power certain types of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Sang-Eun Chun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; and
| | - Jay F. Whitacre
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Departments of Engineering and Public Policy and
| | - Christopher J. Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Biomedical Engineering,Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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48
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Yang Y, Dong Xu G, Liu J. A Prototype of an Implantable Thermoelectric Generator for Permanent Power Supply to Body Inside a Medical Device. J Med Device 2013. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4025619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedding a thermoelectric generator (TEG) in a biological body is a promising way to supply electronic power in the long term for an implantable medical device (IMD). It can resolve the service life mismatch between the IMD and its battery. This paper is dedicated to developing a real prototype, which consists of an implanted TEG and a specified boosted circuit. Two implanted TEG modules were constructed and a boosted circuit with a highly integrated DC/DC converter was fabricated to stabilizing the energy output and improving the voltage output for the implanted TEG. According to the experiments, such a device combination was already capable of supporting a clock circuit in the in vivo rabbit whose power consumption is much higher than an ordinary cardiac pacemaker. Meanwhile, a close to reality theoretical model was established for characterizing the implanted TEG. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for future designs of the implanted TEG and its boosted circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guo Dong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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49
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Soares dos Santos MP, Ferreira JAF, Ramos A, Simões JAO, Morais R, Silva NM, Santos PM, Reis MJCS, Oliveira T. Instrumented hip implants: electric supply systems. J Biomech 2013; 46:2561-71. [PMID: 24050511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Instrumented hip implants were proposed as a method to monitor and predict the biomechanical and thermal environment surrounding such implants. Nowadays, they are being developed as active implants with the ability to prevent failures by loosening. The generation of electric energy to power active mechanisms of instrumented hip implants remains a question. Instrumented implants cannot be implemented without effective electric power systems. This paper surveys the power supply systems of seventeen implant architectures already implanted in-vivo, namely from instrumented hip joint replacements and instrumented fracture stabilizers. Only inductive power links and batteries were used in-vivo to power the implants. The energy harvesting systems, which were already designed to power instrumented hip implants, were also analyzed focusing their potential to overcome the disadvantages of both inductive-based and battery-based power supply systems. From comparative and critical analyses of the methods to power instrumented implants, one can conclude that: inductive powering and batteries constrain the full operation of instrumented implants; motion-driven electromagnetic energy harvesting is a promising method to power instrumented passive and active hip implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco P Soares dos Santos
- TEMA/UA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; DEM/UA-Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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50
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Oncescu V, Erickson D. High volumetric power density, non-enzymatic, glucose fuel cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1226. [PMID: 23390576 PMCID: PMC3565166 DOI: 10.1038/srep01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new implantable medical devices has been limited in the past by slow advances in lithium battery technology. Non-enzymatic glucose fuel cells are promising replacement candidates for lithium batteries because of good long-term stability and adequate power density. The devices developed to date however use an "oxygen depletion design" whereby the electrodes are stacked on top of each other leading to low volumetric power density and complicated fabrication protocols. Here we have developed a novel single-layer fuel cell with good performance (2 μW cm⁻²) and stability that can be integrated directly as a coating layer on large implantable devices, or stacked to obtain a high volumetric power density (over 16 μW cm⁻³). This represents the first demonstration of a low volume non-enzymatic fuel cell stack with high power density, greatly increasing the range of applications for non-enzymatic glucose fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Oncescu
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
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