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Wang L, Dong B, Yang T, Zhang A, Hu X, Wang Z, Chang G, Chen G. Dietary linseed oil affects the polyunsaturated fatty acid and transcriptome profiles in the livers and breast muscles of ducks. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030712. [PMID: 36386908 PMCID: PMC9650093 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Linseed oil, an important source of dietary α-linolenic acid, is used to provide meat enriched in n-3 PUFA. We investigated the effects of dietary linseed oil (0, 0.5, 1, and 2%) on growth performance, meat quality, tissue fatty acid (FA), and transcriptome profiles in ducks. The result showed that dietary linseed oil had no effect on growth performance. Increasing dietary linseed oil enrichment raised n-3 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) levels in both the liver and breast muscle, but decreased dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels in the liver. The liver n-3 PUFA content was negatively correlated with duck body weight. Transcriptome analysis showed that dietary linseed oil caused hepatic changes in genes (SCD, FADS1, FADS2, and ACOT6) related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Besides, dietary linseed oil also affected the expression of genes related to PUFAs and downstream metabolites (such as linoleic acid, steroid hormone, progesterone, etc.) metabolic pathways in both liver and breast muscle. Key genes involved in PUFA synthesis and transport pathways were examined by RT-qPCR, and the results verified that hepatic expression levels of FADS1 and FADS2 decreased, and those of FABP4 and FABP5 increased when 2% linseed oil was added. CD36 expression level increased in breast muscle when 2% linseed oil was added. Thus, 2% dietary linseed oil supplementation produces n-3 PUFA-enriched duck products by regulating the PUFA metabolic pathways, which could be advantageous for health-conscious consumers.
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Zhao YC, Shi HH, Wang CC, Yang JY, Xue CH, Jiang XM, Chen GD, Zhang TT, Wang YM. The enrichment of eggs with docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid through supplementation of the laying hen diet. Food Chem 2020; 346:128958. [PMID: 33418418 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enrichment and transformation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) enriched phospholipids for eggs deserve attention. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the comparative effects of DHA and EPA enriched phospholipids and triacylglycerols on egg fortification by determining the fatty acid composition of egg yolk after intervention with fish oil (15 g/kg) and krill oil (15 and 30 g/kg) for three consecutive weeks. The results indicated that laying hens could incorporate over 300 mg DHA and EPA into one egg. Greater retention efficiency of DHA and EPA in eggs was observed in fish oil supplementation compared with krill oil at equivalent dietary levels. DHA and EPA were prone to locate at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine. Consequently, fish oil possessed high DHA content and conversion rate, and krill oil could raise the proportion of DHA-containing phospholipids in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Gui-Dong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Slobodianik NH, Perris PD, Mambrin MC, Fernandez I, Feliu MS. Effect of Diets with Different Lipid’s Sources On Serum and Brain Fatty Acids Profile: Experimental Model. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:625-631. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191120114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:The importance of diet in health is widely accepted and recognized. Diet lipid profile is important to prevent chronic diseases and improve the quality of an individual’s life.Objective:The objective of this report is to analyze the effect of different sources of dietary lipids with standard and high concentration on growing rats.Methods:Experimental diets contained 15 or 42% kcal of fat, provided by butter (B), olive oil (O), high oleic sunflower oil (HO), and sunflower oil (S). Control diet (C) was normocaloric with 15% kcal of fat provided by soy oil. All diets were complete in the other nutrients according to AIN 1993 and were administered for 40 days.Results:Daily intake was similar in all groups. The administration of these diets provoked changes in serum fatty acid profile in response to the different sources of dietary lipids used; no changes were observed in the brain´s fatty acids.Conclusion:These results would suggest that the organism tries first to supply the brain´s fatty acid needs at the expense of its modification in serum..
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora H. Slobodianik
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula D. Perris
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Mambrin
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Susana Feliu
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jang SI, Fang S, Kim KP, Ko Y, Kim H, Oh J, Hong GY, Lee SY, Kim JM, Noh I, Lee DK. Combination treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ursodeoxycholic acid dissolves cholesterol gallstones in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12740. [PMID: 31484954 PMCID: PMC6726655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cholesterol gallstone disease places an economic burden on the healthcare system. To identify novel therapeutics, we assessed the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in combination with UDCA in a mouse model of cholesterol gallstones. Gallstone dissolution, gallbladder wall thickness, mucin gene expression in the gallbladder, and levels of phospholipids, cholesterol, and bile acids in bile and serum were analysed. RNA was extracted from the liver for mRNA sequencing and gene expression profiling. Combination treatment resulted in greater gallstone dissolution compared with the control group, and PUFA and combination treatments reduced the thickness of the gallbladder wall. Expression levels of mucin genes were significantly lower in the UDCA, PUFA, and combination groups. Transcriptome analyses revealed that combination treatment modulated hepatic lipid metabolism. The PUFA and combination groups showed elevated bile phospholipid and bile acid levels and a lower cholesterol saturation index. Combination treatment with PUFA and UDCA dissolves cholesterol gallstones in mice by decreasing mucin production, increasing levels of phospholipids and bile acids in bile, and decreasing cholesterol saturation. Further studies of the therapeutic effects of combination PUFA and UDCA treatment in patients with cholesterol gallstones are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ill Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Ko
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoseon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilkoo Noh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Endogenous production of n-3 long-chain PUFA from first feeding and the influence of dietary linoleic acid and the α-linolenic:linoleic ratio in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar). Br J Nutr 2019; 122:1091-1102. [PMID: 31409428 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) possess enzymes required for the endogenous biosynthesis of n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), EPA and DHA, from α-linolenic acid (ALA). Linoleic acid (LA) competes with ALA for LC-PUFA biosynthesis enzymes leading to the production of n-6 LC-PUFA, including arachidonic acid (ARA). We aimed to quantify the endogenous production of EPA and DHA from ALA in salmon fed from first feeding on diets that contain no EPA and DHA and to determine the influence of dietary LA and ALA:LA ratio on LC-PUFA production. Salmon were fed from first feeding for 22 weeks with three diets formulated with linseed and sunflower oils to provide ALA:LA ratios of approximately 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3. Endogenous production of n-3 LC-PUFA was 5·9, 4·4 and 2·8 mg per g fish and that of n-6 LC-PUFA was 0·2, 0·5 and 1·4 mg per g fish in salmon fed diets with ALA:LA ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. The ratio of n-3:n-6 LC-PUFA production decreased from 27·4 to 2·0, and DHA:EPA ratio increased and EPA:ARA and DHA:ARA ratios decreased, as dietary ALA:LA ratio decreased. In conclusion, with a dietary ALA:LA ratio of 1, salmon fry/parr produced about 28 μg n-3 LC-PUFA per g fish per d, with a DHA:EPA ratio of 3·4. Production of n-3 LC-PUFA exceeded that of n-6 LC-PUFA by almost 9-fold. Reducing the dietary ALA:LA ratio reduced n-3 LC-PUFA production and EPA:ARA and DHA:ARA ratios but increased n-6 LC-PUFA production and DHA:EPA ratio.
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6
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The role of omega 3 fatty acids in suppressing muscle protein catabolism: A possible therapeutic strategy to reverse cancer cachexia? J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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7
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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Potential Therapeutic Role in Cardiovascular System Disorders-A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101561. [PMID: 30347877 PMCID: PMC6213446 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are described as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Therefore, the importance of cardiovascular diseases prevention is widely reflected in the increasing number of reports on the topic among the key scientific research efforts of the recent period. The importance of essential fatty acids (EFAs) has been recognized in the fields of cardiac science and cardiac medicine, with the significant effects of various fatty acids having been confirmed by experimental studies. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered to be important versatile mediators for improving and maintaining human health over the entire lifespan, however, only the cardiac effect has been extensively documented. Recently, it has been shown that omega-3 fatty acids may play a beneficial role in several human pathologies, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, and are also associated with a reduced incidence of stroke and atherosclerosis, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A reasonable diet and wise supplementation of omega-3 EFAs are essential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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8
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Wang M, Zhang D, Wang Z, Yi X. Improved spatial memory promotes scatter hoarding by Siberian chipmunks. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China
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9
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Shin S, Ajuwon KM. Effects of Diets Differing in Composition of 18-C Fatty Acids on Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Gene Expression in Mice Fed High-Fat Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020256. [PMID: 29473916 PMCID: PMC5852832 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids play important roles in the regulation of fat accumulation or metabolic phenotype of adipocytes, either as brown or beige fat. However, a systematic comparison of effects of diets with different composition of 18-C fatty acids on browning/beiging phenotype has not been done. In this study, we compared the effects of different dietary fats, rich in specific 18-carbon fatty acids, on thermogenesis and lipid metabolism. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet containing 5.6% kcal fat from lard and 4.4% kcal fat from soybean oil (CON) or high-fat diets (HFD) containing 25% kcal from lard and 20% kcal fat from shea butter (stearic acid-rich fat; SHB), olive oil (oleic acid-rich oil; OO), safflower oil (linoleic acid-rich oil; SFO), or soybean oil (mixed oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids; SBO) ad libitum for 12 weeks, with or without a terminal 4-h norepinephrine (NE) treatment. When compared to SHB, feeding OO, SFO, and SBO resulted in lower body weight gain. The OO fed group had the highest thermogenesis level, which resulted in lower body fat accumulation and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Feeding SFO downregulated expression of lipid oxidation-related genes and upregulated expression of lipogenic genes, perhaps due to its high n-6:n-3 ratio. In general, HFD-feeding downregulated Ucp1 expression in both subcutaneous and epididymal white adipose tissue, and suppressed NE-induced Pgc1a expression in brown adipose tissue. These results suggest that the position of double bonds in dietary fatty acids, as well as the quantity of dietary fat, may have a significant effect on the regulation of oxidative and thermogenic conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhye Shin
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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10
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Li M, Zhai S, Xie Q, Tian L, Li X, Zhang J, Ye H, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wang W. Effects of Dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA Ratios on Lipid Levels and Fatty Acid Profile of Cherry Valley Ducks at 15-42 Days of Age. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9995-10002. [PMID: 29084426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on growth performance, serum and tissue lipid levels, fatty acid profile, and hepatic expression of fatty acid synthesis genes in ducks. A total of 3168 15-day old ducks were fed different n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios: 13:1 (control), 10:1, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1, and 2:1. The feeding trial lasted 4 weeks. Our results revealed that dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios had no effects on growth performance. The 2:1 group had the highest serum triglyceride levels. Serum total cholesterol and HDL levels were higher in the 13:1 and 8:1 groups than in the 6:1 and 2:1 groups. The concentration of C18:3n-3 in serum and tissues (liver and muscle) increased with decreasing dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios. The hepatic expression of FADS2, ELOVL5, FADS1, and ELOVL2 increased on a quadratic function with decreasing dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios. These results demonstrate that lower dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios had strong effects on the fatty acid profile of edible parts and the deposition of n-3 PUFAs in adipose tissue of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaocun Li
- Henan Huaying Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Henan Huaying Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science and College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
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Sugasini D, Lokesh BR. Curcumin and linseed oil co-delivered in phospholipid nanoemulsions enhances the levels of docosahexaenoic acid in serum and tissue lipids of rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 119:45-52. [PMID: 28410669 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) primarily found in marine fishes. The diets of vegetarian population do not contain preformed DHA, but they can derive it from shorter chain α-linolenic acid (ALA) found in plant oils. However, the conversion efficiency of ALA to DHA is minimal in human adults. This may cause insufficiency of DHA in the vegetarian population. Curcumin, diferuloyl methane found in the spice turmeric, has the potential to increase the formation of DHA from ALA by activating the enzymes FADS2 and elongase 2. The present study was designed to prepare curcumin nanoemulsion using phospholipid core material (Lipoid™) and exploring the possibility of enhancing its bioavailability and its impact on DHA levels in rats. Curcumin was dissolved in coconut oil (CNO, MCFA rich), Sunflower oil (SNO, n-6 PUFA rich) or Linseed oil (LSO, n-3 PUFA rich) and nanoemulsions were prepared after mixing with Lipoid™ using high pressure homogenizer. The nanoemulsions were fed to weaning rats for 60 days along with AIN-93 diets. Rats fed nanoemulsion containing curcumin in LSO showed high levels of curcumin in serum liver, heart and brain. Significant increase in DHA levels of serum and tissue lipids were observed in rats given LSO with curcumin in nanoemulsions. Therefore, supplementation of diets with ALA rich LSO and curcumin could increase DHA concentrations in serum, liver, heart and brain lipids which have implications for meeting the DHA requirements of vegetarian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sugasini
- Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
| | - B R Lokesh
- Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
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12
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Metherel AH, Domenichiello AF, Kitson AP, Lin YH, Bazinet RP. Serum n-3 Tetracosapentaenoic Acid and Tetracosahexaenoic Acid Increase Following Higher Dietary α-Linolenic Acid but not Docosahexaenoic Acid. Lipids 2016; 52:167-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam H. Metherel
- ; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; 150 College St., Room 307, Fitzgerald Building Toronto ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Anthony F. Domenichiello
- ; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; 150 College St., Room 307, Fitzgerald Building Toronto ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Alex P. Kitson
- ; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; 150 College St., Room 307, Fitzgerald Building Toronto ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Yu-Hong Lin
- ; Section of Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Richard P. Bazinet
- ; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; 150 College St., Room 307, Fitzgerald Building Toronto ON M5S 3E2 Canada
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13
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Tripathi S, Kushwaha R, Mishra J, Gupta MK, Kumar H, Sanyal S, Singh D, Sanyal S, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Kamthan M, Mudiam MKR, Bandyopadhyay S. Docosahexaenoic acid up-regulates both PI3K/AKT-dependent FABP7-PPARγ interaction and MKP3 that enhance GFAP in developing rat brain astrocytes. J Neurochem 2016; 140:96-113. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Tripathi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR); Lucknow India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University (Lucknow campus); Lucknow India
| | - Rajesh Kushwaha
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR campus; Lucknow India
| | - Juhi Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR); Lucknow India
- Babu Banarasi Das University; Lucknow India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR campus; Lucknow India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory and Regulatory Toxicology group; CSIR-IITR; Lucknow India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI); Lucknow India
| | - Somali Sanyal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University (Lucknow campus); Lucknow India
| | | | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI); Lucknow India
| | | | - Mohan Kamthan
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory; Environmental Toxicology Group; CSIR-IITR; Lucknow India
| | | | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory; Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR); Lucknow India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR campus; Lucknow India
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14
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Fucoxanthin Enhances Chain Elongation and Desaturation of Alpha-Linolenic Acid in HepG2 Cells. Lipids 2015; 50:945-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Wu A, Noble EE, Tyagi E, Ying Z, Zhuang Y, Gomez-Pinilla F. Curcumin boosts DHA in the brain: Implications for the prevention of anxiety disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:951-61. [PMID: 25550171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3; DHA) is linked to the neuropathology of several cognitive disorders, including anxiety. DHA, which is essential for brain development and protection, is primarily obtained through the diet or synthesized from dietary precursors, however the conversion efficiency is low. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is a principal component of the spice turmeric, complements the action of DHA in the brain, and this study was performed to determine molecular mechanisms involved. We report that curcumin enhances the synthesis of DHA from its precursor, α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3; ALA) and elevates levels of enzymes involved in the synthesis of DHA such as FADS2 and elongase 2 in both liver and brain tissues. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with curcumin and ALA reduced anxiety-like behavior in rodents. Taken together, these data suggest that curcumin enhances DHA synthesis, resulting in elevated brain DHA content. These findings have important implications for human health and the prevention of cognitive disease, particularly for populations eating a plant-based diet or who do not consume fish, a primary source of DHA, since DHA is essential for brain function and its deficiency is implicated in many types of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Wu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily E Noble
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ethika Tyagi
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhe Ying
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yumei Zhuang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Sugasini D, Lokesh BR. Rats given linseed oil in microemulsion forms enriches the brain synaptic membrane with docosahexaenoic acid and enhances the neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:87-96. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Sugasini D, Devaraj VC, Ramesh M, Lokesh BR. Lymphatic Transport of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Conversion to Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acids in Rats Fed Microemulsions of Linseed Oil. Lipids 2013; 49:225-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Sugasini D, Lokesh B. Rats fed linseed oil in microemulsion forms enriches the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum lipids with docosahexaenoic acid and lower calcium transport. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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19
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Trojian TH, Jackson E. Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and concussions: treatment or not? Curr Sports Med Rep 2013; 10:180-5. [PMID: 23531891 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0b013e31822458d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Trojian
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06105, USA.
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20
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Consumption of Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids Decreases Fat Deposition and Adipocyte Size, but Increases Oxidative Susceptibility in Broiler Chickens. Lipids 2013; 48:705-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-013-3785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Rai AK, Bhaskar N, Baskaran V. Bioefficacy of EPA–DHA from lipids recovered from fish processing wastes through biotechnological approaches. Food Chem 2013; 136:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Vegetable oil blends with α-linolenic acid rich Garden cress oil modulate lipid metabolism in experimental rats. Food Chem 2012; 135:2845-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Sugasini D, Lokesh BR. Uptake of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Conversion to Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Rats Fed Microemulsions of Linseed Oil. Lipids 2012; 47:1155-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Hennebelle M, Balasse L, Latour A, Champeil-Potokar G, Denis S, Lavialle M, Gisquet-Verrier P, Denis I, Vancassel S. Influence of omega-3 fatty acid status on the way rats adapt to chronic restraint stress. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42142. [PMID: 22860066 PMCID: PMC3408452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are important for several neuronal and cognitive functions. Altered omega-3 fatty acid status has been implicated in reduced resistance to stress and mood disorders. We therefore evaluated the effects of repeated restraint stress (6 h/day for 21 days) on adult rats fed omega-3 deficient, control or omega-3 enriched diets from conception. We measured body weight, plasma corticosterone and hippocampus glucocorticoid receptors and correlated these data with emotional and depression-like behaviour assessed by their open-field (OF) activity, anxiety in the elevated-plus maze (EPM), the sucrose preference test and the startle response. We also determined their plasma and brain membrane lipid profiles by gas chromatography. Repeated restraint stress caused rats fed a control diet to lose weight. Their plasma corticosterone increased and they showed moderate behavioural changes, with increases only in grooming (OF test) and entries into the open arms (EPM). Rats fed the omega-3 enriched diet had a lower stress-induced weight loss and plasma corticosterone peak, and reduced grooming. Rats chronically lacking omega-3 fatty acid exhibited an increased startle response, a stress-induced decrease in locomotor activity and exaggerated grooming. The brain omega-3 fatty acids increased as the dietary omega-3 fatty acids increased; diets containing preformed long-chain omega-3 fatty acid were better than diets containing the precursor alpha-linolenic acid. However, the restraint stress reduced the amounts of omega-3 incorporated. These data showed that the response to chronic restraint stress was modulated by the omega-3 fatty acid supply, a dietary deficiency was deleterious while enrichment protecting against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hennebelle
- INRA, Unité de Nutrition et Régulation Lipidiques des Fonctions Cérébrales, NuRéLiCe, UR909, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy en Josas, France
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25
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SHARMA MEESHA, LOKESH BELURRAMASWAMY. MODIFICATION OF SERUM AND TISSUE LIPIDS IN RATS FED WITH BLENDED AND INTERESTERIFIED OILS CONTAINING GROUNDNUT OIL WITH LINSEED OIL. J Food Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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26
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Heinze CR, Hawkins MG, Gillies LA, Wu X, Walzem RL, German JB, Klasing KC. Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on red blood cell lipid composition and plasma metabolites in the cockatiel, Nymphicus hollandicus. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3068-79. [PMID: 22585819 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dietary n-3 fatty acids have been extensively studied in poultry, they have not yet been prospectively investigated in psittacines, despite potential benefits for preventing and treating atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, and other chronic disease processes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the incorporation of dietary n-3 fatty acids into red blood cells (RBC) and to determine the effects of supplementation of psittacine diets with fish or flax oil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the cockatiel. Adult cockatiels were fed a custom-formulated diet containing either 4% (wt/wt, as-fed) beef tallow (CON), 3% fish oil + 1% tallow (FSH), or 3.5% flax oil + 0.5% tallow (FLX; n = 20 per diet group). Baseline measurements were obtained for RBC fatty acid composition, triacylglycerides (TAG), and cholesterol. After 8 to 13 wk on the study diets, plasma chemistry profiles, lipoprotein density profiles, and RBC fatty acid composition were determined. At 8 wk, total plasma cholesterol was least in FSH birds (P < 0.05) and TAG concentrations were less in FSH birds than FLX birds (P < 0.05). Total n-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were markedly greater in the RBC of FSH birds than FLX or CON birds (P < 0.05). Alpha linolenic acid was greatest in FLX (P < 0.05). Initial and final BW, and nonlipid plasma chemistry values did not differ among diet groups. No adverse effects of dietary supplementation of cockatiels with 3.5% flax oil or 3% fish oil were observed during the 13-wk feeding period. Although fish and flax oils provided similar total n-3 PUFA to the diets, fish oil caused greater reductions in cholesterol and TAG, and greater total RBC n-3 incorporation. Thus, dietary modification of psittacine diets with long chain n-3 PUFA from fish oil appears safe and may be beneficial to these long-lived companion birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Heinze
- Department Of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis 95616, USA
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Abstract
Veterinarians need to be prepared to provide nutritional advice for healthy pets as well as for pets that are ill. Before instituting a dietary change in any patient, especially an older dog or cat, a nutritional evaluation should be completed. This should include an evaluation of the patient, the current diet, and feeding management. Diets should be appropriate to the unique needs of the individual patient. Many diseases in senior pets are “diet-sensitive” meaning that diet can play a role in managing the effects of the disease. Common examples discussed include cognitive dysfunction of aging, osteoarthritis, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Laflamme
- Nestlé Purina PetCare Research, Checkerboard Square - 2S, St Louis, MO 63164, USA.
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28
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Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids as inflammation-modulating and lipid homeostasis influencing nutraceuticals: A review. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Tou JC, Altman SN, Gigliotti JC, Benedito VA, Cordonier EL. Different sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids affects apparent digestibility, tissue deposition, and tissue oxidative stability in growing female rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:179. [PMID: 21999902 PMCID: PMC3216256 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous health benefits associated with increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) consumption has lead to an increasing variety of available n-3 PUFA sources. However, sources differ in the type, amount, and structural form of the n-3 PUFAs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of different sources of ω-3 PUFAs on digestibility, tissue deposition, eicosanoid metabolism, and oxidative stability. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats (age 28 d) were randomly assigned (n = 10/group) to be fed a high fat 12% (wt) diet consisting of either corn oil (CO) or n-3 PUFA rich flaxseed (FO), krill (KO), menhaden (MO), salmon (SO) or tuna (TO) oil for 8 weeks. Rats were individually housed in metabolic cages to determine fatty acid digestibility. Diet and tissue fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography and lipid classes using thin layer chromatography. Eicosanoid metabolism was determined by measuring urinary metabolites of 2-series prostaglandins (PGs) and thromoboxanes (TXBs) using enzyme immunoassays. Oxidative stability was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using colorimetric assays. Gene expression of antioxidant defense enzymes was determined by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Rats fed KO had significantly lower DHA digestibility and brain DHA incorporation than SO and TO-fed rats. Of the n-3 PUFA sources, rats fed SO and TO had the highest n-3 PUFAs digestibility and in turn, tissue accretion. Higher tissue n-3 LC-PUFAs had no significant effect on 2-series PG and TXB metabolites. Despite higher tissue n-3 LC-PUFA deposition, there was no increase in oxidation susceptibility indicated by no significant increase in TBARS or decrease in TAC and gene expression of antioxidant defense enzymes, in SO or TO-fed rats. Conclusions On the basis that the optimal n-3 PUFA sources should provide high digestibility and efficient tissue incorporation with the least tissue lipid peroxidation, TO and SO appeared to be the most beneficial of the n-3 PUFAs sources evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Tou
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Lukas R, Gigliotti JC, Smith BJ, Altman S, Tou JC. Consumption of different sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by growing female rats affects long bone mass and microarchitecture. Bone 2011; 49:455-62. [PMID: 21672645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) consumption has been reported to improve bone health. However, sources of ω-3 PUFAs differ in the type of fatty acids and structural form. The study objective was to determine the effect of various ω-3 PUFAs sources on bone during growth. Young (age 28d) female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n=10/group) to a high fat 12% (wt) diet consisting of either corn oil (CO) or ω-3 PUFA rich, flaxseed (FO), krill (KO), menhaden (MO), salmon (SO) or tuna (TO) for 8 weeks. Bone mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone microarchitecture by micro-computed tomography (μCT). Bone turnover markers were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Lipid peroxidation was measured by calorimetric assays. Results showed that rats fed TO, rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω-3) had higher (P<0.009) tibial bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) and lower (P=0.05) lipid peroxidation compared to the CO-fed rats. Reduced lipid peroxidation was associated with increased tibial BMD (r2=0.08, P=0.02) and BMC (r2=0.71, P=0.01). On the other hand, rats fed FO or MO, rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3ω-3), improved bone microarchitecture compared to rats fed CO or SO. Serum osteocalcin was higher (P=0.03) in rats fed FO compared to rats fed SO. Serum osteocalcin was associated with improved trabecular bone microarchitecture. The animal study results suggest consuming a variety of ω-3 PUFA sources to promote bone health during the growth stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lukas
- Human Nutrition and Foods, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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