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Claver A, Luján MÁ, Escuín JM, Schilling M, Jouhet J, Savirón M, López MV, Picorel R, Jarne C, Cebolla VL, Alfonso M. Transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of the differential pathway contribution to the incorporation of erucic acid to triacylglycerol during Pennycress seed maturation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1386023. [PMID: 38736440 PMCID: PMC11082276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Thlaspi arvense (Pennycress) is an emerging feedstock for biofuel production because of its high seed oil content enriched in erucic acid. A transcriptomic and a lipidomic study were performed to analyze the dynamics of gene expression, glycerolipid content and acyl-group distribution during seed maturation. Genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were expressed at the early stages of seed maturation. Genes encoding enzymes of the Kennedy pathway like diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (TaDGAT1), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (TaLPAT) or glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (TaGPAT) increased their expression with maturation, coinciding with the increase in triacylglycerol species containing 22:1. Positional analysis showed that the most abundant triacylglycerol species contained 18:2 at sn-2 position in all maturation stages, suggesting no specificity of the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase for very long chain fatty acids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (TaDGAT2) mRNA was more abundant at the initial maturation stages, coincident with the rapid incorporation of 22:1 to triacylglycerol, suggesting a coordination between Diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Genes encoding the phospholipid-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (TaPDAT1), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (TaLPCAT) or phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerolcholine phosphotransferase (TaPDCT), involved in acyl-editing or phosphatidyl-choline (PC)-derived diacylglycerol (DAG) biosynthesis showed also higher expression at the early maturation stages, coinciding with a higher proportion of triacylglycerol containing C18 fatty acids. These results suggested a higher contribution of these two pathways at the early stages of seed maturation. Lipidomic analysis of the content and acyl-group distribution of diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl-choline pools was compatible with the acyl content in triacylglycerol at the different maturation stages. Our data point to a model in which a strong temporal coordination between pathways and isoforms in each pathway, both at the expression and acyl-group incorporation, contribute to high erucic triacylglycerol accumulation in Pennycress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claver
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Luján
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Manuel Escuín
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marion Schilling
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commisariat de l'Energie Atomique-Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (CNRS-CEA-INRAE), Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commisariat de l'Energie Atomique-Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (CNRS-CEA-INRAE), Grenoble, France
| | - María Savirón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Química y Materiales de Aragón-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEQMA-CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Victoria López
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Picorel
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Jarne
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente L. Cebolla
- Instituto de Carboquímica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Plant Biology, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
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Rau EM, Aasen IM, Bartosova Z, Bruheim P, Ertesvåg H. Utilizing lipidomics and fatty acid synthase inhibitors to explore lipid accumulation in two thraustochytrid species. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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Transcriptome Analysis and GC-MS Profiling of Key Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Genes in Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz Seeds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060855. [PMID: 35741376 PMCID: PMC9220242 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant oil is an important renewable energy substance, and A. trifoliata seeds are of value in this regard. A. trifoliata fruits have many seeds with high oil content, but research progress on A. trifoliata seed oil is slow. Fatty acid biosynthesis is the most important factor affecting plant oil content. Therefore, analysis of the key genes for fatty acid biosynthesis is beneficial for breeding A. trifoliata varieties with high oil content. Here, we report changes in seed oil and key oil biosynthesis genes in the growth period of A. trifoliata based on transcriptome analysis. We found that the development of A. trifoliata seeds and fruits was not synchronized, and when the fruit was ripe, the seed oil content was not the highest. With the development of A. trifoliata seeds, linoleic and oleic acid content was found to decrease and increase, respectively. Subsequently, several key genes for oil biosynthesis in A. trifoliata were identified. These results further our understanding of the mechanism underlying oil biosynthesis in A. trifoliata seeds. Abstract Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz is an important Chinese medicinal and economic crop. Its seeds, which are rich in fatty acids, are usually discarded. As of now, A. trifoliata lipid biosynthesis pathways and genes have not been clearly described. In this work, we found that seed and fruit development of A. trifoliata were not synchronized, and that when the fruit was ripe, seed oil content was not at its highest. As seeds developed, linoleic and oleic acid content was found to decrease and increase, respectively. RNA sequencing yielded 108.45 GB of clean reads from 15 cDNA libraries, containing 8756 differentially expressed genes. We identified 65 unigenes associated with lipid biosynthesis, including fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. The 65 unigenes were mapped to the A. trifoliata lipid synthesis pathway. There were 20 AtrFAD family members in A. trifoliata, which could be divided into four sub-groups with the highest number of AtrSADs. Our study revealed the dynamic changes in A. trifoliata seed oil content and composition during its growth period and provides large-scale and comprehensive transcriptome data of A. trifoliata seeds. These findings provide a basis for the improvement of A. trifoliata seed oil yield and quality.
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Hatanaka T, Tomita Y, Matsuoka D, Sasayama D, Fukayama H, Azuma T, Soltani Gishini MF, Hildebrand D. Different acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases vary widely in function, and a targeted amino acid substitution enhances oil accumulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3030-3043. [PMID: 35560190 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the major component of plant storage lipids such as oils. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final step of the Kennedy pathway, and is mainly responsible for plant oil accumulation. We previously found that the activity of Vernonia DGAT1 was distinctively higher than that of Arabidopsis and soybean DGAT1 in a yeast microsome assay. In this study, the DGAT1 cDNAs of Arabidopsis, Vernonia, soybean, and castor bean were introduced into Arabidopsis. All Vernonia DGAT1-expressing lines showed a significantly higher oil content (49% mean increase compared with the wild-type) followed by soybean and castor bean. Most Arabidopsis DGAT1-overexpressing lines did not show a significant increase. In addition to these four DGAT1 genes, sunflower, Jatropha, and sesame DGAT1 genes were introduced into a TAG biosynthesis-defective yeast mutant. In the yeast expression culture, DGAT1s from Arabidopsis, castor bean, and soybean only slightly increased the TAG content; however, DGAT1s from Vernonia, sunflower, Jatropha, and sesame increased TAG content >10-fold more than the former three DGAT1s. Three amino acid residues were characteristically common in the latter four DGAT1s. Using soybean DGAT1, these amino acid substitutions were created by site-directed mutagenesis and substantially increased the TAG content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tomita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Azuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mohammad Fazel Soltani Gishini
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - David Hildebrand
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Overexpression of phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase in Brassica napus results in changes in lipid metabolism and oil accumulation. Biochem J 2022; 479:805-823. [PMID: 35298586 PMCID: PMC9022997 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of lipid metabolism in oil seeds is still not fully understood and increasing our knowledge in this regard is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a major global oil crop where increases in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation have been achieved by overexpression of relevant biosynthetic enzymes. In this study, we expressed Arabidopsis phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT1), one of the two major TAG-forming plant enzymes in B. napus DH12075 to evaluate its effect on lipid metabolism in developing seeds and to estimate its flux control coefficient. Despite several-fold increase in PDAT activity, seeds of three independently generated PDAT transgenic events showed a small but consistent decrease in seed oil content and had altered fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides and TAG, towards less unsaturation. Mass spectrometry imaging of seed sections confirmed the shift in lipid compositions and indicated that PDAT overexpression altered the distinct heterogeneous distributions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species. Similar, but less pronounced, changes in TAG molecular species distributions were observed. Our data indicate that PDAT exerts a small, negative, flux control on TAG biosynthesis and could have under-appreciated effects in fine-tuning of B. napus seed lipid composition in a tissue-specific manner. This has important implications for efforts to increase oil accumulation in similar crops.
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Lager I, Jeppson S, Gippert AL, Feussner I, Stymne S, Marmon S. Acyltransferases Regulate Oil Quality in Camelina sativa Through Both Acyl Donor and Acyl Acceptor Specificities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1144. [PMID: 32922411 PMCID: PMC7456936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is an emerging biotechnology oil crop. However, more information is needed regarding its innate lipid enzyme specificities. We have therefore characterized several triacylglycerol (TAG) producing enzymes by measuring in vitro substrate specificities using different combinations of acyl-acceptors (diacylglycerol, DAG) and donors. Specifically, C. sativa acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 and 2 (which both use acyl-CoA as acyl donor) and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT, with phosphatidylcoline as acyl donor) were studied. The results show that the DGAT1 and DGAT2 specificities are complementary, with DGAT2 exhibiting a high specificity for acyl acceptors containing only polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), whereas DGAT1 prefers acyl donors with saturated and monounsaturated FAs. Furthermore, the combination of substrates that resulted in the highest activity for DGAT2, but very low activity for DGAT1, corresponds to TAG species previously shown to increase in C. sativa seeds with downregulated DGAT1. Similarly, the combinations of substrates that gave the highest PDAT1 activity were also those that produce the two TAG species (54:7 and 54:8 TAG) with the highest increase in PDAT overexpressing C. sativa seeds. Thus, the in vitro data correlate well with the changes in the overall fatty acid profile and TAG species in C. sativa seeds with altered DGAT1 and PDAT activity. Additionally, in vitro studies of C. sativa phosphatidycholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT), another activity involved in TAG biosynthesis, revealed that PDCT accepts substrates with different desaturation levels. Furthermore, PDCT was unable to use DAG with ricineoleyl groups, and the presence of this substrate also inhibited PDCT from using other DAG-moieties. This gives insights relating to previous in vivo studies regarding this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Gippert
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sofia Marmon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sofia Marmon,
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Lu S, Aziz M, Sturtevant D, Chapman KD, Guo L. Heterogeneous Distribution of Erucic Acid in Brassica napus Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1744. [PMID: 32082336 PMCID: PMC7001127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus (B. napus) is the world's most widely grown temperate oilseed crop. Although breeding for human consumption has led to removal of erucic acid from refined canola oils, there is renewed interest in the industrial uses of erucic acid derived from B. napus, and there is a rich germplasm available for use. Here, low- and high-erucic acid accessions of B. napus seeds were examined for the distribution of erucic acid-containing lipids and the gene transcripts encoding the enzymes involved in pathways for its incorporation into triacylglycerols (TAGs) across the major tissues of the seeds. In general, the results indicate that a heterogeneous distribution of erucic acid across B. napus seed tissues was contributed by two isoforms (out of six) of FATTY ACYL COA ELONGASE (FAE1) and a combination of phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT)- and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-mediated incorporation of erucic acid into TAGs in cotyledonary tissues. An absence of the expression of these two FAE1 isoforms accounted for the absence of erucic acid in the TAGs of the low-erucic accession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mina Aziz
- Center for Plant Lipid Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Drew Sturtevant
- Center for Plant Lipid Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Center for Plant Lipid Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Kent D. Chapman, ; Liang Guo,
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kent D. Chapman, ; Liang Guo,
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Jeppson S, Demski K, Carlsson AS, Zhu LH, Banaś A, Stymne S, Lager I. Crambe hispanica Subsp. abyssinica Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Specificities Towards Diacylglycerols and Acyl-CoA Reveal Combinatorial Effects That Greatly Affect Enzymatic Activity and Specificity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1442. [PMID: 31798607 PMCID: PMC6863138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Crambe is an oil crop suitable for industrial purposes due to the high content of erucic acid (22:1) in the seed oil. The final acylation of diacylglycerols (DAG) with acyl-CoA in the production of triacylglycerols (oil) is catalyzed by acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes. We identified eight forms of DGATs in crambe and characterized them in microsomal preparations of yeast expressing the enzymes using various acyl-CoAs and both di-6:0-DAG and long-chain DAG species as acyl acceptors. All DGATs accepted 22:1-CoA when using di-6:0-DAG as acyl acceptor. When di-22:1-DAG was the acyl acceptor, the DGAT1 type of enzyme utilized 22:1-CoA at a much-reduced rate compared to assays with sn-1-22:1-sn-2-18:1(oleoyl)-DAG, the most frequently available DAG precursor in crambe seeds. None of the DGAT2 enzymes was able to acylate di-22:1-DAG. Our results indicate that formation of trierucin by crambe DGATs is a limiting step for further increasing the levels of 22:1 in the previously developed transgenic crambe lines due to their poor abilities to acylate di-22:1-DAG. We also show that the acyl-CoA specificities and the enzymatic activities are highly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the DAG acyl acceptor. This finding implies that the use of artificial acyl acceptors (e.g. di-6:0-DAG) may not always reflect the actual acyl-CoA specificities of DGATs in planta. The relevance of the here reported pronounced specificities for specific DAG species exerted by DGAT enzymes is discussed in the context of the findings of DAG pools of distinct catalytic origin in triacylglycerol biosynthesis in the seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Simon Jeppson,
| | - Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anders S. Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Claver A, Rey R, López MV, Picorel R, Alfonso M. Identification of target genes and processes involved in erucic acid accumulation during seed development in the biodiesel feedstock Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:7-16. [PMID: 27889523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied erucic acid accumulation in the biodiesel feedstock Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) as a first step towards the development of a sustainable strategy for biofuel production in the EU territory. To that end, two inbred Pennycress lines of European origin, "NASC" and "French," were cultivated in a controlled chamber and in experimental field plots, and their growth, seed production and seed oil characteristics analyzed. Differences in some agronomical traits like vernalization (winter-French versus spring-NASC), flowering time (delayed in the French line) and seed production (higher in the French line) were detected. Both lines showed a high amount (35-39%) of erucic acid (22:1Δ13) in their seed oil. Biochemical characterization of the Pennycress seed oil indicated that TAG was the major reservoir of 22:1Δ13. Incorporation of 22:1Δ13 to TAG occurred very early during seed maturation, concomitant with a decrease of desaturase activity. This change in the acyl fluxes towards elongation was controlled by different genes at different levels. TaFAE1 gene, encoding the fatty acid elongase, seemed to be controlled at the transcriptional level with high expression at the early stages of seed development. On the contrary, the TaFAD2 gene that encodes the Δ12 fatty acid desaturase or TaDGAT1 that catalyzes TAG biosynthesis were controlled post-transcriptionally. TaWRI1, the master regulator of seed-oil biosynthesis, showed also high expression at the early stages of seed development. Our data identified genes and processes that might improve the biotechnological manipulation of Pennycress seeds for high-quality biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claver
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Rey
- Laboratorio Agroambiental, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50071, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Victoria López
- Department of Soil and Water, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Picorel
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Roesler K, Shen B, Bermudez E, Li C, Hunt J, Damude HG, Ripp KG, Everard JD, Booth JR, Castaneda L, Feng L, Meyer K. An Improved Variant of Soybean Type 1 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Increases the Oil Content and Decreases the Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Soybeans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:878-93. [PMID: 27208257 PMCID: PMC4902613 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Kinetically improved diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) variants were created to favorably alter carbon partitioning in soybean (Glycine max) seeds. Initially, variants of a type 1 DGAT from a high-oil, high-oleic acid plant seed, Corylus americana, were screened for high oil content in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nearly all DGAT variants examined from high-oil strains had increased affinity for oleoyl-CoA, with S0.5 values decreased as much as 4.7-fold compared with the wild-type value of 0.94 µm Improved soybean DGAT variants were then designed to include amino acid substitutions observed in promising C. americana DGAT variants. The expression of soybean and C. americana DGAT variants in soybean somatic embryos resulted in oil contents as high as 10% and 12%, respectively, compared with only 5% and 7.6% oil achieved by overexpressing the corresponding wild-type DGATs. The affinity for oleoyl-CoA correlated strongly with oil content. The soybean DGAT variant that gave the greatest oil increase contained 14 amino acid substitutions out of a total of 504 (97% sequence identity with native). Seed-preferred expression of this soybean DGAT1 variant increased oil content of soybean seeds by an average of 3% (16% relative increase) in highly replicated, single-location field trials. The DGAT transgenes significantly reduced the soluble carbohydrate content of mature seeds and increased the seed protein content of some events. This study demonstrated that engineering of the native DGAT enzyme is an effective strategy to improve the oil content and value of soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Shen
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lizhi Feng
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004
| | - Knut Meyer
- DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, Iowa 50131-1004
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Horn PJ, Liu J, Cocuron JC, McGlew K, Thrower NA, Larson M, Lu C, Alonso AP, Ohlrogge J. Identification of multiple lipid genes with modifications in expression and sequence associated with the evolution of hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in Physaria fendleri. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:322-348. [PMID: 26991237 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two Brassicaceae species, Physaria fendleri and Camelina sativa, are genetically very closely related to each other and to Arabidopsis thaliana. Physaria fendleri seeds contain over 50% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), while Camelina sativa and Arabidopsis do not accumulate HFAs. To better understand how plants evolved new biochemical pathways with the capacity to accumulate high levels of unusual fatty acids, transcript expression and protein sequences of developing seeds of Physaria fendleri, wild-type Camelina sativa, and Camelina sativa expressing a castor bean (Ricinus communis) hydroxylase were analyzed. A number of potential evolutionary adaptations within lipid metabolism that probably enhance HFA production and accumulation in Physaria fendleri, and, in their absence, limit accumulation in transgenic tissues were revealed. These adaptations occurred in at least 20 genes within several lipid pathways from the onset of fatty acid synthesis and its regulation to the assembly of triacylglycerols. Lipid genes of Physaria fendleri appear to have co-evolved through modulation of transcriptional abundances and alterations within protein sequences. Only a handful of genes showed evidence for sequence adaptation through gene duplication. Collectively, these evolutionary changes probably occurred to minimize deleterious effects of high HFA amounts and/or to enhance accumulation for physiological advantage. These results shed light on the evolution of pathways for novel fatty acid production in seeds, help explain some of the current limitations to accumulation of HFAs in transgenic plants, and may provide improved strategies for future engineering of their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Horn
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinjie Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Kathleen McGlew
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas A Thrower
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matt Larson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Ana P Alonso
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Ohlrogge
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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13
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Arroyo-Caro JM, Mañas-Fernández A, Alonso DL, García-Maroto F. Type I Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (MtDGAT1) from Macadamia tetraphylla: Cloning, Characterization, and Impact of Its Heterologous Expression on Triacylglycerol Composition in Yeast. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:277-285. [PMID: 26666454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyltransferase enzymes have been reported as useful biotechnological tools in order to increase oil yield and modify fatty acid composition. Macadamia species are able to accumulate unusually high levels of palmitoleic acid that besides oleic acid amounts to over 80% of monounsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil. In this work, a gene encoding a type 1 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) was cloned from M. tetraphylla. DGAT activity of the protein encoded by MtDGAT1 was confirmed by heterologous expression in a yeast mutant. Fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols synthesized by MtDGAT1 was compared to that of DGAT1 enzymes from Arabidopsis and Echium, with the results suggesting a substrate preference for monounsaturated over polyunsaturated fatty acids. Characteristics of MtDGAT1 may contribute to biochemical mechanisms determining the particular fatty acid composition of Macadamia oil and also indicate the possibility of using this enzyme in biotechnological approaches where a reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Arroyo-Caro
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Aurora Mañas-Fernández
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Diego López Alonso
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Federico García-Maroto
- Grupo de "Biotecnología de Productos Naturales" (BIO-279), Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Universidad de Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
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RNAi Targeting Putative Genes in Phosphatidylcholine Turnover Results in Significant Change in Fatty Acid Composition in Crambe abyssinica Seed Oil. Lipids 2015; 50:407-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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