1
|
Santaniello G, Falascina G, Ziaco M, Fioretto L, Sardo A, Carelli M, Conte M, Romano G, Cutignano A. Distribution and Level of Bioactive Monoacylglycerols in 12 Marine Microalgal Species. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:258. [PMID: 38921569 PMCID: PMC11205161 DOI: 10.3390/md22060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are currently considered an attractive source of highly valuable metabolites potentially exploitable as anticancer agents, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals and for bioenergy purposes. Their ease of culturing and their high growth rates further promote their use as raw material for the production of specialty products. In the present paper, we focused our attention on specific glycerol-based lipid compounds, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), which displayed in our previous studies a selective cytotoxic activity against the haematological U-937 and the colon HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Here, we performed a quali/quantitative analysis of MAGs and total fatty acids (FAs) along with a profiling of the main lipid classes in a panel of 12 microalgal species, including diatoms and dinoflagellates. Our results highlight an inter- and intraspecific variability of MAG profile in the selected strains. Among them, Skeletonema marinoi (strain FE7) has emerged as the most promising source for possible biotechnological production of MAGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Santaniello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.)
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianna Falascina
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Fioretto
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Angela Sardo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Martina Carelli
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.S.); (A.S.)
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (G.F.); (M.Z.); (L.F.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ianni F, Carotti A, Protti M, Favilli A, Gerli S, Furlanetto S, Mercolini L, Sardella R. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols with amylose- and cellulose-phenylcarbamate-based stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115720. [PMID: 37729743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing technological advancement in the (ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography tandem (high-resolution) mass spectrometry platforms have largely contributed to steeply intensify the interest towards lipidomics research. However, mass spectrometers alone are unable to distinguish between enantiomers. This obstacle is especially evident in the case of glycerolipids analysis due the prochiral nature of glycerol. Until a couple of decades ago, the stereoselective analysis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) was performed on the end products generated either from their enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis, namely on mono- or diacyl-sn-glycerols (MAGs and DAGs, respectively). These were then mostly analyzed with Pirkle-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) after dedicated multi-step derivatization procedures. One of the most significant drawbacks of these traditional methods for enantioselective TAGs analysis (actually of the produced MAGs and DAGs, often investigated as target species per se) was the difficulty to totally abolish the migration of fatty acyls between glycerol positions. This made difficult to control and keep unaltered the stereochemistry of the original molecules. Over the last two decades, it has been widely demonstrated that the enantioselective analysis of intact TAGs as well as of non-derivatized MAGs and DAGs can be efficiently obtained using polysaccharide-based CSPs incorporating either amylose- or cellulose-phenylcarbamate derivatives chiral selectors. In this paper, the enantioselective methods developed with these CSPs for the enantioselective direct LC analysis of MAGs, DAGs and TAGs embedding different types of fatty acid residues are comprehensively reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Favilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandro Gerli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Liu K, Wang Y, Huang Z, Wang X. Preparation of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol by Enzymatic Alcoholysis: Effects of Solvent and Water Activity on Acyl Migration. Foods 2022; 11:3213. [PMCID: PMC9601288 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic alcoholysis was performed in an organic medium to synthesize 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) rich in arachidonic acid. The results showed that solvent type and water activity (aw) significantly affected the 2-MAG yield. Under the optimum conditions, 33.58% 2-MAG was produced in the crude product in t-butanol system. Highly pure 2-MAG was obtained after two-stage extraction using 85% ethanol aqueous solution and hexane at first stage and dichloromethane and water at second stage. Isolated 2-MAG was used as substrate to investigate the effect of solvent type and aw on 2-MAG acyl migration in a lipase-inactivated system. The results indicated that non-polar solvents accelerated the acyl migration of 2-MAG, whereas isomerization was inhibited in polar solvent systems. The aw exhibited the strongest inhibition effect on 2-MAG isomerization at 0.97, but also affected the hydrolysis of glycerides and lipase selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Keying Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhuoneng Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-85876799
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ottria R, Casati S, Rota P, Ciuffreda P. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Synthesis: Facile and Handy Enzymatic Method That Allows to Avoid Isomerization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165190. [PMID: 36014430 PMCID: PMC9416359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and practical synthesis of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), an endogenous agonist for cannabinoid receptors, based on a two-step enzymatic process and a chemical coupling, was achieved with a good yield and negligible amount of the isomerization product 1-AG. Commercial preparation of immobilized lipase from Mucor miehei (MML) was selected as the most suitable enzyme to catalyze the efficient protection of glycerol using vinyl benzoate as an acyl transfer reagent in tetrahydrofuran. The same enzyme was used to remove the protective groups in positions 1 and 3. Owing to the mild neutral conditions and easy suitability of the method, 2-AG was obtained without any isomerization to the more stable 1-AG and air oxidation of acid chain. The synthetic method proposed here allows us to easily obtain 2-AG from the protected precursor in a one-step reaction without purification requirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvana Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via della Commenda 10, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierangela Ciuffreda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie D, Chen Y, Yu J, Yang Z, Wang X, Wang X. Progress in enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11310-11326. [PMID: 35699651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2086852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been widely used in foods, and pharmaceutical products due to its beneficial effects. The content of n-3 PUFA in natural oils is usually low, which decreases its added value. Thus, there is an increasing demand on the market for n-3 PUFA concentrates. This review firstly introduces the differences in bioavailability and oxidative stability between different types of PUFA concentrate (free fatty acid, ethyl ester and acylglycerol), and then provides a comprehensive discussion of different methods for enrichment of lipids with n-3 PUFA including physical-chemical methods and enzymatic methods. Lipases used for catalyzing esterification, transesterification and hydrolysis reactions play an important role in the production of highly enriched various types of n-3 PUFA concentrates. Lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis or hydrolysis reactions are the mostly employed method to prepare high-quality n-3 PUFA of structural acylglycerols. Although many important advantages offered by lipases in enrichment of n-3 PUFA, the high cost of enzyme limits its industrial-scale production. Further research should focus on looking for biological enzymes with extraordinary catalytic ability and clear selectivity. Other novel technologies such as protein engineering and immobilization may be needed to modify lipases to improve its selectivity, catalytic ability and reuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junwen Yu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. Reviews of medium- and long-chain triglyceride with respect to nutritional benefits and digestion and absorption behavior. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Choi Y, Chang PS. Kinetic modeling of lipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in a reverse micelle system for the determination of integral stereoselectivity. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic model for lipase-catalysed stepwise hydrolysis of triacylglycerol was developed for quantification of integral stereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonseok Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rivera-Pérez A, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. A metabolomics approach based on 1H NMR fingerprinting and chemometrics for quality control and geographical discrimination of black pepper. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
9
|
Heiden RW, Schober S, Mittelbach M. Solubility limitations of residual steryl glucosides, saturated monoglycerides and glycerol in commercial biodiesel fuels as determinants of filter blockages. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. Heiden
- R. W. Heiden Associates LLC, Laboratory/Greenfield Corporate Center Lancaster Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sigurd Schober
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz—NAWI Graz Graz Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ye Z, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Influence of different dietary oil consumption on nutrient malabsorption: An animal trial using Sprague Dawley rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13695. [PMID: 33694208 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the influences of five typical dietary oils (i.e., palm oil, PO; leaf lard oil, LO; rapeseed oil, RO; sunflower oil, SO; and linseed oil, LN) consumption on the nutrients malabsorption were studied using adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Results suggested that the C16:0 (24.534 ± 2.26% to 54.269 ± 1.28%) and C18:0 (18.433 ± 4.421% to 36.455 ± 3.316%) were the dominant fatty acids in fecal samples in different groups. After 6-week intervention by different dietary oils, the fecal moisture and water soluble protein content in PO group, the reducing sugar content in PO, LO, and RO groups were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (p < .05). Moreover, the Na, K, and Fe contents in LO group were all the highest among the all groups. These effects were probably due to the different fatty acids composition as illustrated in the correlation analysis results. The different effects were probably due to their distinct fatty acids composition as illustrated in the correlation analysis results. Results further indicated that the different dietary oils treatment, especially for the PO (SFAs, 43.17 ± 0.98%) and LO (SFAs, 36.44 ± 0.65%), increased the upstream inflammatory cytokine expression level in the Toll-like receptor signal pathway (i.e., TLR4 and MyD88), enhancing the gut permeability. This resulted in significant increase of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels (p < .05), which was closely connected with different metabolic diseases. The present study may provide basic understandings about different dietary oil enteral nutrition and their effects on gut health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The PO, LO, RO, SO, and LN are the five of the most typical dietary lipids in Asia countries, especially in China. They are the natural edible oils which are rich in C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2ω6, and C18:3ω3, respectively. The present study indicated that the different dietary lipid consumption may result in different dietary nutrients malabsorption, which are related with the dietary lipid fatty acid composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu street, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu street, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China.,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu street, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu street, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu street, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu street, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Zhao X, Yang Z, Wang X, Wang T. Effect of Solvent on Acyl Migration of 2-Monoacylglycerols in Enzymatic Ethanolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12358-12364. [PMID: 33084305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl migration occurs in many reactions and is the main obstacle for structured lipid synthesis. In this study, 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) was prepared by enzymatic ethanolysis in three different media to evaluate the effect of environment on product composition. The contents of 2-MAG obtained in ethanol, hexane + ethanol, and t-butanol + ethanol systems were 30.6, 15.7, and 32.4%, respectively, after 3 h reaction. Afterward, the acyl migration kinetics of 2-MAG were studied in solvent and solventless systems without the use of lipase. Results indicate that 2-MAG in the solventless system had the highest acyl migration rate. The isomerization was efficiently prevented by the use of polar solvents, especially t-butanol. The rate constants were shown to be the highest and activation energy values were the lowest in solventless systems. The novel finding in this study was that solvent had inhibitory effect on 2-MAG isomerization, but the nonpolar hexane had the lowest inhibition of acyl migration compared to other solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, 2510 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4539, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perin GB, Felisberti MI. Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(glycerol sebacate): Kinetics, Chain Growth, and Branching Behavior. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7925-7935. [PMID: 32981969 PMCID: PMC7513468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B. Perin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria I. Felisberti
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li G, Chen J, Yang J, Wang S, Liu N, Qiu C, Wang Y. Interfacial Crystallization of Diacylglycerols Rich in Medium‐ and Long‐Chain Fatty Acids in Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Li
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety (POPS) Department of Food Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Cereal and Oil Byproduct Biorefinery Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jiazi Chen
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety (POPS) Department of Food Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Cereal and Oil Byproduct Biorefinery Guangzhou 510632 China
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang Jiangxi 330022 China
| | - Jia Yang
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety (POPS) Department of Food Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Cereal and Oil Byproduct Biorefinery Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety (POPS) Department of Food Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Cereal and Oil Byproduct Biorefinery Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Chaoying Qiu
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety (POPS) Department of Food Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Cereal and Oil Byproduct Biorefinery Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Yong Wang
- JNU‐UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety (POPS) Department of Food Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Cereal and Oil Byproduct Biorefinery Guangzhou 510632 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
San Martín E, Avenoza A, Peregrina JM, Busto JH. Solvent-based strategy improves the direct determination of key parameters in edible fats and oils by 1 H NMR. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1726-1734. [PMID: 31821564 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible fats and oils are very important in nutrition and as a main source of energy and are also essential nutrients. There are several methods for the analysis of edible fats and oils, but nowadays nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is emerging as a powerful tool (albeit complex and high-tech demanding) to identify, quantify, and differentiate many types of food, including fats and oils. In this sense, the challenges of this technique are the simplification of methodology and taking advantage of a 400 MHz NMR instrument. RESULTS Through an adequate mixture of solvents, we have developed a methodology to quantify essential parameters in edible fats and oils, including 1,2-diacylglycerol, 1,3-diacylglycerol, and 1-monoacylglycerol, by using a single experiment and without the need for matrix derivatization. CONCLUSION This methodology has been successfully applied to the analysis of olive, sunflower, corn, sesame, and peanut oils, as well as butter, walnut, salmon, and spicy pork sausage. Moreover, the evolution of thermal oxidation and lipolysis of virgin olive oil and sunflower has been analyzed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio San Martín
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús M Peregrina
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús H Busto
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Compton DL, Appell M. Rapid Raman spectroscopic determination of 1-feruloyl-sn-glycerol and 1,3-diferuloyl-sn-glycerol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:118020. [PMID: 31923794 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.118020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid and its derivatives are important natural products found throughout the plant kingdom and are of special interest due to their health benefits. 1-Feruloyl-sn-glycerol (FG) and 1,3-diferuloyl-sn-glycerol (F2G) are two common bioproducts of ferulic acid that co-occur in nature and during the biocatalytic production of feruloylated lipids. In this paper, we report a comprehensive characterization of FG and F2G using Raman and UV spectroscopies and theoretical density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G** level. UV spectroscopy produced spectra for FG and F2G with similar peak shape, but difference intensities. The vibrational frequency calculations aided in the assignment of the Raman bands. The Raman analysis demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy is a rapid label free method to clearly distinguish between FG and F2G.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Compton
- Renewable Product Technology, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Utilization Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilizations Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, United States of America
| | - Michael Appell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Utilization Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilizations Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Compton DL, Appell M, Kenar JA, Evans KO. Enzymatic Synthesis and Flash Chromatography Separation of 1,3-Diferuloyl- sn-Glycerol and 1-Feruloyl- sn-Glycerol. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:E8. [PMID: 31963292 PMCID: PMC7189784 DOI: 10.3390/mps3010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl ferulate was transesterified with Enova Oil (a soy-based vegetable oil containing 80-85% diacylglycerol) using Novozym 435 at 60 °C. The resultant feruloylated vegetable oil reaction product produced a precipitate (96.4 g, 4.02 wt%) after 7 d of standing at room temperature. Preliminary characterization of the precipitate identified the natural phenylpropenoids 1,3-diferuloyl-sn-glycerol (F2G) and 1-feruloyl-sn-glycerol (FG) as the major components. A flash chromatography method was developed and optimized (e.g., mass of sample load, flow rate, binary solvent gradient slope, and separation run length) using a binary gradient of hexane and acetone mobile phase and silica gel stationary phase to separate and isolate F2G and FG. The optimized parameters afforded F2G (1.188 ± 0.052 g, 39.6 ± 1.7%) and FG (0.313 ± 0.038 g, 10.4 ± 1.3%) from 3.0 g of the transesterification precipitate, n = 10 trials. Overall, all flash chromatography separations combined, F2G (39.1 g, 40.6%) and FG (9.4 g, 9.8%) were isolated in a combined yield of 48.5 g (51.4%), relative to the 96.4 g of transesterification precipitate collected. The optimized flash chromatography method was a necessary improvement over previously reported preparative HPLC and column chromatography methods used to purify milligram to low gram quantities of F2G and FG to be able to process ~100 g of material in a timely, efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Compton
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA;
| | - Michael Appell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA;
| | - James A. Kenar
- Functional Foods Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA;
| | - Kervin O. Evans
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Miceli M, Cutignano A, Conte M, Ummarino R, Romanelli A, Ruvo M, Leone M, Mercurio FA, Doti N, Manzo E, Romano G, Altucci L, Ianora A. Monoacylglycerides from the Diatom Skeletonema marinoi Induce Selective Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110625. [PMID: 31683792 PMCID: PMC6891494 DOI: 10.3390/md17110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are an excellent source of valuable compounds for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. These photosynthesizing microorganisms are amenable for large-scale production, thus overcoming the bottleneck of biomass supply for chemical and activity characterization of bioactive compounds. This characteristic has recently also prompted the screening of microalgae for potential pharmaceutical applications. Here, we show that monoacylglycerides (MAGs) purified from the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi have selective cytotoxic activity against the haematological cancer cell line U-937 and colon cancer cell line HCT-116 compared to normal MePR-2B cells. LC-MS analysis of the raw extract revealed that in their natural form, MAGs occur as 2-monoacyl derivatives and include mainly C16 and C20 analogues, but they are converted into the corresponding 1-isomers during purification processes. Pure compounds along with the synthetic 1-monoarachidonoylglycerol tested on HCT-116 and U-937 tumor cell lines induced cell death via apoptosis. The mechanism of action was investigated, and we show that it involves the induction of apoptosis through caspase 3/7 activation. These findings pave the way for the possible use of these molecules as potential anticancer agents or as precursors for the generation of new and more potent and selective compounds against tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Miceli
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adele Cutignano
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Ummarino
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Romanelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Flavia Anna Mercurio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Solvent-Free Alcoholysis of Tripalmitin to Produce 2-Monoglyceride as Precursor for 1, 3-Oleoyl-2-Palmitoylglycerol. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:867-879. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
20
|
Pal N, Samanta K, Mandal A. A novel family of non-ionic gemini surfactants derived from sunflower oil: Synthesis, characterization and physicochemical evaluation. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
Park JY, Park KM, Yoo Y, Yu H, Lee CJ, Jung HS, Kim K, Chang PS. Catalytic characteristics of a sn-1(3) regioselective lipase from Cordyceps militaris. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2744. [PMID: 30421587 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A total of 39 agricultural products were screened for natural sources of lipases with distinctive positional specificity. Based on this, Cordyceps militaris lipase (CML) was selected and subsequently purified by sequential chromatography involving anion-exchange, hydrophobic-interaction, and gel-permeation columns. As a result of the overall purification procedure, a remarkable increase in the specific activity of the CML (4.733 U/mg protein) was achieved, with a yield of 2.47% (purification fold of 94.54). The purified CML has a monomeric structure with a molecular mass of approximately 62 kDa. It was further identified as a putative extracellular lipase from C. militaris by the partial sequence analysis using ESI-Q-TOF MS. In a kinetic study of the CML-catalyzed hydrolysis, the values of Vmax , Km , and kcat were determined to be 4.86 μmol·min-1 ·mg-1 , 0.07 mM, and 0.29 min-1 , respectively. In particular, the relatively low Km value indicated that CML has a high affinity for its substrate. With regard to positional specificity, CML selectively cleaved triolein at the sn-1 or 3 positions of glycerol backbone, releasing 1,2(2,3)-diolein as the major products. Therefore, CML can be considered a distinctive biocatalyst with sn-1(3) regioselectivity. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2744, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Park
- Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Park
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Yoo
- Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjong Yu
- Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joo Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sup Jung
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Keesung Kim
- Research Inst. of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Inst. of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Keskin Çavdar H, Koçak Yanık D, Göğüş F, Fadıloğlu S. A Novel Modified Lipid: Enzymatic Esterification of 2-Monoacylglycerol with N-acetyl-l-leucine. J Food Sci 2018; 83:597-604. [PMID: 29437236 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to synthesize and characterize a novel modified lipid which is composed of mainly oleic acid at sn-2 position and a hydrophobic essential amino acid derivative (N-acetyl-l-leucine) at sn-1(3) or sn-1, 3 positions. LC-MS-MS analysis indicated that the target modified lipid structure was obtained at the end of the developed reaction. Response surface methodology was applied to enhance a reliable empirical model for prediction and to optimize reaction conditions: reaction time (8 to 24 hr), reaction temperature (40 to 55 °C), and enzyme load (15 to 30 wt%). The percentage of total reaction products was found to be 28.5 at the optimum conditions of 54 °C, 8 hr and 15% (by mass) enzyme load. This result is closely correlated to the predicted highest total reaction product (29.3%) obtained by response surface methodology. The physical and thermal characteristics of the modified lipid and refined olive pomace oil were compared and found to be similar. Caloric value of modified lipid was decreased by 18.65% compared to that of refined olive pomace oil. A novel modified lipid which may have potential uses in healthy food industries was successfully produced with the incorporation of N-acetyl-l-leucine to 2-monoacylglycerol. PRACTICAL APPLICATION A novel modified lipid was synthesized by enzymatic incorporation of a "hydrophobic and essential amino acid derivative" into 2-monoacylglycerol. This modified lipid contains mainly oleic acid at sn-2 position and N-acetyl-l-leucine at sn-1,3 positions. The product behaved as an oil above 10 °C. Caloric value of the novel oil-like product was reduced by 18.65%. The modified lipid may have the potential for replacement with the oil in food products such as margarine, shortenings, salad dressing, and mayonnaise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasene Keskin Çavdar
- The Univ. of Gaziantep, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept., 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Derya Koçak Yanık
- The Univ. of Gaziantep, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept., 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Göğüş
- The Univ. of Gaziantep, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept., 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sibel Fadıloğlu
- The Univ. of Gaziantep, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept., 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Morales-Medina R, Munio M, Guadix A, Guadix E, Camacho F. A lumped model of the lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of sardine oil to maximize polyunsaturated fatty acids content in acylglycerols. Food Chem 2018; 240:286-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
González-Fernández MJ, Ramos-Bueno RP, Rodríguez-García I, Guil-Guerrero JL. Purification process for MUFA- and PUFA-based monoacylglycerols from edible oils. Biochimie 2017; 139:107-114. [PMID: 28595901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Important health benefits have been attributed to monoacylglycerols (MAGs) due to their various physiological functions, owing to which they become candidates for use as functional foods in order to prevent the onset of certain diseases such as colon cancer. In this work, six edible oils, namely: olive, linseed, sunflower, evening primrose, DHASCO® and ARASCO® have been processed to obtain different MUFA- and PUFA- based MAGs. First, the oils were hydrolyzed by means of an enzymatic process using porcine pancreatic lipase and then the reaction products were fractionated by using a liquid chromatography column containing silica gel as stationary phase in order to purify the MAGs-enriched fraction. A second chromatography process was performed using silver nitrate coated silica gel as stationary phase, in order to obtain the different MUFA- and PUFA-based MAGs from the corresponding oils. Overall, MAGs based on oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids have been isolated in high yields and purities (92.6, 97.4, 95.3, 90.9, 100 and 95.3% purity, respectively). Positional distribution was determined by means of 1H NMR, which revealed a mix of 1(3) and 2-MAGs in variable proportions in the different MAGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J González-Fernández
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - R P Ramos-Bueno
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - I Rodríguez-García
- Organic Chemistry Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - J L Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nguyen HD, Löf D, Hvilsted S, Daugaard AE. Highly Branched Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters by Enzymatic Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8100363. [PMID: 30974637 PMCID: PMC6432132 DOI: 10.3390/polym8100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A one-pot, enzyme-catalyzed bulk polymerization method for direct production of highly branched polyesters has been developed as an alternative to currently used industrial procedures. Bio-based feed components in the form of glycerol, pentaerythritol, azelaic acid, and tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) were polymerized using an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and the potential for an enzymatic synthesis of alkyds was investigated. The developed method enables the use of both glycerol and also pentaerythritol (for the first time) as the alcohol source and was found to be very robust. This allows simple variations in the molar mass and structure of the polyester without premature gelation, thus enabling easy tailoring of the branched polyester structure. The postpolymerization crosslinking of the polyesters illustrates their potential as binders in alkyds. The formed films had good UV stability, very high water contact angles of up to 141° and a glass transition temperature that could be controlled through the feed composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Dinh Nguyen
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - David Löf
- Hempel A/S, Lundtoftegårdsvej 91, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Søren Hvilsted
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anders Egede Daugaard
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tang W, Wang X, Huang J, Jin Q, Wang X. A novel method for the synthesis of symmetrical triacylglycerols by enzymatic transesterification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:559-565. [PMID: 26295442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel two-step enzymatic method is described in this study to synthesize symmetrical triacylglycerols (TAGs) with arachidonic acid (ARA) at the sn-2 position. The processes included the synthesis of 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) rich in 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) by enzymatic ethanolysis and the synthesis of symmetrical TAGs by enzymatic transesterification between 2-MAGs and vinyl palmitate. Under the optimal conditions, desired symmetrical TAGs were obtained at 89% yield. In this study, vinyl palmitate rather than palmitic acid was used as a novel acyl donor to react with 2-MAGs. It was the first study reporting the synthesis of symmetrical TAGs by enzymatic transesterification. The reaction using fatty acid vinyl ester as acyl donor is irreversible and temperature is low. Low-temperature reaction greatly suppressed the acyl migration of 2-MAGs and the irreversible reaction is much more effective compared to reversible reactions using free fatty acid and fatty acid ester as acyl donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Boussambe GNM, Valentin R, Mouloungui Z. Structural Analysis of Partial and Total Esters of Glycerol Undecenoate and Diglycerol Undecenoate. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Salentinig S, Yepuri NR, Hawley A, Boyd BJ, Gilbert E, Darwish TA. Selective deuteration for molecular insights into the digestion of medium chain triglycerides. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 190:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
29
|
Kalpio M, Nylund M, Linderborg KM, Yang B, Kristinsson B, Haraldsson GG, Kallio H. Enantioselective chromatography in analysis of triacylglycerols common in edible fats and oils. Food Chem 2015; 172:718-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
30
|
Magnusson CD, Gudmundsdottir AV, Hansen KA, Haraldsson GG. Synthesis of enantiopure reversed structured ether lipids of the 1-O-alkyl-sn-2,3-diacylglycerol type. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:173-201. [PMID: 25574735 PMCID: PMC4306931 DOI: 10.3390/md13010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis of reversed structured 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerols (DAGEs) possessing a pure saturated even number fatty acid (C6:0-C16:0) at the sn-2 position along with a pure EPA or DHA located at the terminal sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone of chimyl, batyl and selachyl alcohols. These adducts were synthesized by a highly efficient two-step chemoenzymatic process involving an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase to introduce pure EPA and DHA activated as oxime esters exclusively to the sn-3 terminal position of enantiopure chimyl, batyl and selachyl alcohols in excellent yields. The saturated fatty acids were subsequently incorporated to the remaining sn-2 position of the resulting 3-monoacylglyceryl ethers (3-MAGEs) using EDAC coupling agent in the presence of DMAP in very high to excellent yields (85%-98%). No losses of enantiomeric composition were observed during these processes. The multiple utilities of the resulting focused library of reversed structured DAGEs are discussed including how such compounds may possibly be utilized within the pharmaceutical area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Magnusson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Kai-Anders Hansen
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Salvati Manni L, Zabara A, Osornio YM, Schöppe J, Batyuk A, Plückthun A, Siegel JS, Mezzenga R, Landau EM. Phase Behavior of a Designed Cyclopropyl Analogue of Monoolein: Implications for Low-Temperature Membrane Protein Crystallization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1027-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
32
|
Salvati Manni L, Zabara A, Osornio YM, Schöppe J, Batyuk A, Plückthun A, Siegel JS, Mezzenga R, Landau EM. Phase Behavior of a Designed Cyclopropyl Analogue of Monoolein: Implications for Low-Temperature Membrane Protein Crystallization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Sopelana P, Arizabaleta I, Ibargoitia ML, Guillén MD. Characterisation of the lipidic components of margarines by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Food Chem 2013; 141:3357-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Tran DT, Lin YJ, Chen CL, Chang JS. Kinetics of transesterification of olive oil with methanol catalyzed by immobilized lipase derived from an isolated Burkholderia sp. strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 145:193-203. [PMID: 23561954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work was carried out to investigate the acyl migration phenomena which has been considered as the factor having significant impact on kinetics of transesterification of oils catalyzed by a Burkholderia lipase with 1,3-regioselectivity. Transesterification of olive oil with methanol catalyzed by the immobilized lipase produces various intermediates, including 1-monoglyceride, 2-monoglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride, and 1,3-diglyceride. Migration kinetics of fatty acid groups from sn-2 of 2-monoglyceride and 1,2-diglyceride to 1-monoglyceride and 1,3-diglyceride were investigated for the temperature range of 25-65°C. The kinetics of transesterification of olive oil with methanol involving acyl migration in the presence of water was also systematically studied at 25, 40, and 65°C. Increasing temperature could increase the acyl migration rate. The overall biodiesel conversion was improved from 73.4% (at 25°C) to 90.0% and 92.4% when conducting at 40 and 65°C, respectively. Thermodynamics aspects of equilibrium state of the immobilized lipase-catalyzed transesterification were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Thuan Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Influence of Solid Supports on Acyl Migration in 2-Monoacylglycerols: Purification of 2-MAG via Flash Chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
38
|
Acyl migration evaluation in monoacylglycerols from Echium plantagineum seed oil and Marinol. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:518-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
39
|
Yao L, Lio J, Wang T, Jarboe DH. Synthesis and Characterization of Acetylated and Stearylyzed Soy Wax. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
40
|
No DS, Zhao T, Kim BH, Choi HD, Kim IH. Enrichment of erucic acid from crambe oil in a recirculated packed bed reactor via lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
41
|
Guillén MD, Uriarte PS. Monitoring by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance of the changes in the composition of virgin linseed oil heated at frying temperature. Comparison with the evolution of other edible oils. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
42
|
Activation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as oxime esters: a novel approach for their exclusive incorporation into the primary alcoholic positions of the glycerol moiety by lipase. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:712-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
43
|
Guillén M, Uriarte P. Study by 1H NMR spectroscopy of the evolution of extra virgin olive oil composition submitted to frying temperature in an industrial fryer for a prolonged period of time. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
44
|
Influence of Fatty Acid Desaturation on Spontaneous Acyl Migration in 2-Monoacylglycerols. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
45
|
Simultaneous control of the evolution of the percentage in weight of polar compounds, iodine value, acyl groups proportions and aldehydes concentrations in sunflower oil submitted to frying temperature in an industrial fryer. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
46
|
|
47
|
Séverac E, Galy O, Turon F, Monsan P, Marty A. Continuous lipase-catalyzed production of esters from crude high-oleic sunflower oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4954-4961. [PMID: 21354788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop an economically relevant enzymatic process of butyl ester production using crude high-oleic sunflower oil. Novozym 435, a non-regiospecific biocatalyst, provided the best compromise between activity and butyl-ester yield. The inhibition caused by the presence of phopholipids in crude oil was eliminated by using tert-butanol. It demonstrates the key role of the medium polarity in order to insure the stability of a process. Initial substrate concentrations and their molar ratio were optimized in a continuous packed-bed reactor to maximize product yield and productivity. The best compromise was obtained for an initial oil concentration of 500 mM and a molar ratio of 5. It enabled a high productivity of 13.8 tons year(-1)kg Novozym 435(-1) with a butyl-ester purity of 96.5% to be obtained. Experiments with the continuous reactor were performed over 50 days without any loss of enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Séverac
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Duclos RI, Johnston M, Vadivel SK, Makriyannis A, Glaser ST, Gatley SJ. A methodology for radiolabeling of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). J Org Chem 2011; 76:2049-55. [PMID: 21370840 PMCID: PMC3064716 DOI: 10.1021/jo102277q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic intermediate and endocannabinoid signaling lipid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) has not been readily labeled, primarily because of its instability toward rearrangement. We now detail a synthetic method that easily gives tritiated 2-AG from [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-(3)H(N)]arachidonic acid in two steps. We utilized a short chain 1,3-diacylglycerol and proceeded through the "structured lipid" [5'',6'',8'',9'',11'',12'',14'',15''-(3)H(N)]2-arachidonoyl-1,3-dibutyrylglycerol, a triacylglycerol that was conveniently deprotected in ethanol with acrylic beads containing Candida antarctica lipase B to give [5'',6'',8'',9'',11'',12'',14'',15''-(3)H(N)]2-arachidonoylglycerol ([(3)H]2-AG). The flash chromatographic separation necessary to isolate the labeled 2-acylglycerol [(3)H]2-AG resulted in only 4% of the rearrangement byproducts that have been a particular problem with previous methodologies. This reliable "kit" method to prepare the radiolabeled endocannabinoid as needed gave tritiated 2-arachidonoylglycerol [(3)H]2-AG with a specific activity of 200 Ci/mmol for enzyme assays, metabolic studies, and tissue imaging. It has been run on unlabeled materials on over 10 mg scales and should be generally applicable to other 2-acylglycerols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard I Duclos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
García P, Franco P, Álvarez R, de Lera ÁR. Separation of regioisomers and enantiomers of underivatized saturated and unsaturated fatty acid monoacylglycerols using enantioselective HPLC. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:999-1003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
50
|
Magnusson CD, Gudmundsdottir AV, Haraldsson GG. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a focused library of enantiopure structured 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol type ether lipids. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|