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Amano S, Hirashita T, Kawano Y, Nishida H, Orimoto H, Kawamura M, Kawasaki T, Masuda T, Endo Y, Ohta M, Daa T, Inomata M. Apoptosis-related factors are relevant to progression of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:381. [PMID: 38082268 PMCID: PMC10714622 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidisciplinary therapy centered on antitumor drugs is indicated in patients with unresectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). However, the criteria for selection of optimal therapeutic agents is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the malignancy of PanNET for optimal therapeutic drug selection. METHODS Forty-seven patients with PanNET who underwent surgery were reviewed retrospectively, and immunohistochemical characteristics, including expression of GLUT1, SSTR2a, SSTR5, Survivin, X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and Caspase3 in the resected specimens, were investigated. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated with regard to the characteristics using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS GLUT1 expression showed significant correlation with sex (p = 0.036) and mitotic rate (p = 0.048). Survivin and XIAP expression showed significant correlation with T-stage (p = 0.014 and 0.009), p-Stage (p = 0.028 and 0.045), and mitotic rate (p = 0.023 and 0.007). XIAP expression also significantly influenced OS (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Survivin and XIAP correlated with grade of malignancy, and expression of XIAP in particular was associated with a poor prognosis. Expression of these proteins may be a useful indicator to select optimal therapeutic agents in PanNET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Amano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Haruto Nishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Orimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takahide Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery for Community Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
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Thurgood LA, Best OG, Rowland A, Lower KM, Brooks DA, Kuss BJ. Lipid uptake in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2021; 106:58-67. [PMID: 34896245 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.12.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers rely on glucose as an energy source, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that some cancers use alternate substrates to fuel their proliferation. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is one such cancer. Through the use of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, low levels of glucose uptake were observed in the OSU-CLL and HG3 CLL cell lines relative to highly glucose-avid Raji cells (Burkitt's lymphoma). Glucose uptake in CLL cells correlated with low expression of the GLUT1 and GLUT3 receptors. In contrast, both CLL cell lines and primary CLL cells, but not healthy B cells, were found to rapidly internalise medium- and long-chain, but not short-chain, fatty acids (FAs). Differential FA uptake was also observed in primary cells taken from patients with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy variable chain usage (IGHV) compared with patients with mutated IGHV. Delipidation of serum in the culture medium slowed the proliferation and significantly reduced the viability of OSU-CLL and HG3 cells, effects that were partially reversed by supplementation with a chemically defined lipid concentrate. These observations highlight the potential importance of FAs in the pathogenesis of CLL and raise the possibility that targeting FA utilisation may represent a novel therapeutic and prognostic approach in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Thurgood
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.
| | - Oliver G Best
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Ashley Rowland
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Karen M Lower
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bryone J Kuss
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
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Divisi D, Rinaldi M, Necozione S, Curcio C, Rea F, Zaraca F, De Vico A, Zaccagna G, Di Leonardo G, Crisci R. Is It Possible to Establish a Reliable Correlation between Maximum Standardized Uptake Value of 18-Fluorine Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Histological Types of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? Analysis of the Italian VATS Group Database. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101901. [PMID: 34679600 PMCID: PMC8534503 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although positron emission tomography/computed tomography, often integrated with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluorine-D-glucose (18F-FDG-PET/CT), is fundamental in the assessment of lung cancer, the relationship between metabolic avidity of different histotypes and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the study is to establish a reliable correlation between Suvmax and histology in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in order to facilitate patient management. METHODS We retrospectively assessed the data about lung cancer patients entered in the Italian Registry of VATS Group from January 2014 to October 2019, after establishing the eligibility criteria of the study. In total, 8139 patients undergoing VATS lobectomy were enrolled: 3260 females and 4879 males. The relationship between SUVmax and tumor size was also analyzed. RESULTS The mean values of SUVmax in the most frequent types of lung cancer were as follows: (a) 4.88 ± 3.82 for preinvasive adenocarcinoma; (b) 5.49 ± 4.10 for minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; (c) 5.87 ± 4.18 for invasive adenocarcinoma; and (d) 8.85 ± 6.70 for squamous cell carcinoma. Processing these data, we displayed a statistically difference (p < 0.000001) of FDG avidity between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, by classifying patients into five groups based on tumor diameter and after evaluating the SUVmax value for each group, we noted a statistical correlation (p < 0.000001) between size and FDG uptake, also confirmed by the post hoc analysis. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between SUVmax, histopathology outcomes and tumor size in NSCLC. Further clinical trials should be performed in order to confirm our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duilio Divisi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, “Giuseppe Mazzini” Hospital, Piazza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.R.); (A.D.V.); (G.Z.); (G.D.L.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0861-42-94-82; Fax: +39-0861-42-94-78
| | - Marta Rinaldi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, “Giuseppe Mazzini” Hospital, Piazza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.R.); (A.D.V.); (G.Z.); (G.D.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Carlo Curcio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova City Hospital, 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Francesco Zaraca
- Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Vico
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, “Giuseppe Mazzini” Hospital, Piazza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.R.); (A.D.V.); (G.Z.); (G.D.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Gino Zaccagna
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, “Giuseppe Mazzini” Hospital, Piazza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.R.); (A.D.V.); (G.Z.); (G.D.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Gabriella Di Leonardo
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, “Giuseppe Mazzini” Hospital, Piazza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.R.); (A.D.V.); (G.Z.); (G.D.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Crisci
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, “Giuseppe Mazzini” Hospital, Piazza Italia 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.R.); (A.D.V.); (G.Z.); (G.D.L.); (R.C.)
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Bednarz-Misa I, Fortuna P, Diakowska D, Jamrozik N, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Distinct Local and Systemic Molecular Signatures in the Esophageal and Gastric Cancers: Possible Therapy Targets and Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124509. [PMID: 32630408 PMCID: PMC7349922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric (GC) and esophageal (EC) cancers are highly lethal. Better understanding of molecular abnormalities is needed for new therapeutic targets and biomarkers to be found. Expression of 18 cancer-related genes in 31 paired normal-tumor samples was quantified by reversely-transcribed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) and systemic concentration of 27 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors in 195 individuals was determined using Luminex xMAP technology. Only Ki67, CLDN2, and BCLxL were altered in GC while Ki67, CDKN1A, ODC1, SLC2A1, HIF1A, VEGFA, NOS2, CCL2, PTGS2, IL10, IL10Ra, and ACTA2 were changed in EC. The relatively unaltered molecular GC landscape resulted from high expression of BCLxL, CDKN1A, BCL2, Ki67, HIF1A, VEGFA, ACTA2, TJP1, CLDN2, IL7Ra, ODC1, PTGS2, and CCL2 in non-cancerous tissue. The NOS2 expression and IL-4, IL-9, FGF2, and RANTES secretion were higher in cardiac than non-cardiac GC. Four-cytokine panels (interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-1ra/IL-6/RANTES or IL-1β/IL-6/IL-4/IL-13) differentiated GC from benign conditions with 87–89% accuracy. Our results showed increased proliferative, survival, inflammatory and angiogenic capacity in gastric tumor-surrounding tissue, what might contribute to GC aggressiveness and facilitate cancer recurrence. Further studies are needed to determine the CLDN2 and NOS2 suitability as candidate molecular targets in GC and cardiac GC, respectively, and discern the role of CLDN2 or to verify IL-1β/IL-1ra/IL-6/RANTES or IL-1β/IL-6/IL-4/IL-13 usefulness as differential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (N.J.)
| | - Paulina Fortuna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (N.J.)
| | - Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Jamrozik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (N.J.)
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (N.J.)
- Correspondence:
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The clinicopathologic impacts and prognostic significance of GLUT1 expression in patients with lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Gene 2018; 689:76-83. [PMID: 30552981 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies have reported that GLUT1 is aberrantly expressed in lung cancer; nevertheless, the clinicopathologic significance and the prognostic role of GLUT1 still remain controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the clinicopathologic and prognostic implications of the GLUT1 expression in lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Databases with literature published in English, including Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang database in Chinese were searched comprehensively for relevant studies in August 2017. The pooled odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the clinicopathologic significance and prognostic value of GLUT1 in lung cancer. RESULTS A total of 26 studies (2653 cases) were included in the current study. Totally, 1423 patients from nineteen studies were included to assess the relationships between GLUT1 and clinicopathological parameters, the pooled OR indicated that positive GLUT1 expression was significantly related with classification (adenocarcinomas vs. squamous carcinomas, OR = 0.276, 95% CIs: 0.117-0.651, P = 0.003), tumor differentiation (G3-4 vs. G2~1, OR = 1.944, 95% CIs: 1.384-2.730; P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (positive vs. negative, OR = 3.65, 95% CIs: 1.82-7.32, P < 0.001),tumor size (large tumor size vs. small tumor size, OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.42-2.91, P < 0.001), and advanced tumor stages (OR = 2.527, 95% CIs: 1.325-4.820). Regarding the significance of GLUT1 in the overall survival (OS) of lung cancer, the pooled HRs with 1731 lung cancer patients was 1.41 (P = 0.002; 95% CIs: 1.13-1.76). Additionally, the overexpression of GLUT1 could significantly predict the shorter disease-free survival (HR = 1.68, 95% CIs: 1.01-2.79) and disease-specific survival (HR = 1.59, 95% CIs: 1.11-2.29). CONCLUSIONS A positive expression of GLUT1 significantly predicts a poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. GLUT1 may server as a helpful biomarker and a potential target for the treatment strategies of lung cancer.
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Momcilovic M, Bailey ST, Lee JT, Fishbein MC, Magyar C, Braas D, Graeber T, Jackson NJ, Czernin J, Emberley E, Gross M, Janes J, Mackinnon A, Pan A, Rodriguez M, Works M, Zhang W, Parlati F, Demo S, Garon E, Krysan K, Walser TC, Dubinett SM, Sadeghi S, Christofk HR, Shackelford DB. Targeted Inhibition of EGFR and Glutaminase Induces Metabolic Crisis in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer. Cell Rep 2017; 18:601-610. [PMID: 28099841 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit increased use of nutrients, including glucose and glutamine, to support the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of proliferation. We tested the small-molecule inhibitor of glutaminase CB-839 in combination with erlotinib on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a therapeutic strategy to simultaneously impair cancer glucose and glutamine utilization and thereby suppress tumor growth. Here, we show that CB-839 cooperates with erlotinib to drive energetic stress and activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in EGFR (del19) lung tumors. Tumor cells undergo metabolic crisis and cell death, resulting in rapid tumor regression in vivo in mouse NSCLC xenografts. Consistently, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 11C-glutamine (11C-Gln) of xenografts indicated reduced glucose and glutamine uptake in tumors following treatment with CB-839 + erlotinib. Therefore, PET imaging with 18F-FDG and 11C-Gln tracers can be used to non-invasively measure metabolic response to CB-839 and erlotinib combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Momcilovic
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sean T Bailey
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason T Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clara Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas J Jackson
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ethan Emberley
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Gross
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Julie Janes
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andy Mackinnon
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alison Pan
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Melissa Works
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Winter Zhang
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Susan Demo
- Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edward Garon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tonya C Walser
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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GLUT1-positive recurrent basal cell carcinoma of basosquamous subtype detected by positron emission tomography. JAAD Case Rep 2016; 2:415-417. [PMID: 27766306 PMCID: PMC5066194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Xu X, Li J, Sun X, Guo Y, Chu D, Wei L, Li X, Yang G, Liu X, Yao L, Zhang J, Shen L. Tumor suppressor NDRG2 inhibits glycolysis and glutaminolysis in colorectal cancer cells by repressing c-Myc expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26161-76. [PMID: 26317652 PMCID: PMC4694893 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells use glucose and glutamine as the major sources of energy and precursor intermediates, and enhanced glycolysis and glutamimolysis are the major hallmarks of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation alter multiple intracellular signaling pathways that affect glycolysis and glutaminolysis. N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor gene inhibiting cancer growth, metastasis and invasion. However, the role and molecular mechanism of NDRG2 in cancer metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we discovered the role of the tumor suppressor gene NDRG2 in aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis of cancer cells. NDRG2 inhibited glucose consumption and lactate production, glutamine consumption and glutamate production in colorectal cancer cells. Analysis of glucose transporters and the catalytic enzymes involved in glycolysis revealed that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) was significantly suppressed by NDRG2. Analysis of glutamine transporter and the catalytic enzymes involved in glutaminolysis revealed that glutamine transporter ASC amino-acid transporter 2 (ASCT2) and glutaminase 1 (GLS1) was also significantly suppressed by NDRG2. Transcription factor c-Myc mediated inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis by NDRG2. More importantly, NDRG2 inhibited the expression of c-Myc by suppressing the expression of β-catenin, which can transcriptionally activate C-MYC gene in nucleus. In addition, the growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells were suppressed significantly by NDRG2 through inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Taken together, these findings indicate that NDRG2 functions as an essential regulator in glycolysis and glutaminolysis via repression of c-Myc, and acts as a suppressor of carcinogenesis through coordinately targeting glucose and glutamine transporter, multiple catalytic enzymes involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis, which fuels the bioenergy and biomaterials needed for cancer proliferation and progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianying Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dake Chu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinping Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Libo Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Qiang G, Huang W, Liang C, Xu R, Yan J, Xu Y, Wang YE, DA J, Shi B, Guo Y, Liu D. Association between histopathological subtype, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1769-1777. [PMID: 26998075 PMCID: PMC4774527 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between histopathological subtypes, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). The cases of 97 patients with lung ADC who underwent 18F-FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography prior to surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were stratified according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) classification, and graded using a histopathological scoring system. EGFR mutations were identified. Clinicopathological characteristics associated with EGFR mutation status were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. EGFR mutation was identified in 45.4% of the patients and was associated with gender, smoking history, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and histopathological score. ADC patients with a low SUVmax were more likely to exhibit EGFR mutations compared with patients with a high SUVmax (P=0.018). Patients with a lower histopathological score possessed a significantly lower SUVmax compared with patients with a higher score (P<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological score and smoking history of the patients were identified to be independent predictors for EGFR mutations, according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, SUVmax and EGFR mutations were associated with lung ADC patients stratified according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Overall, SUVmax has the potential to be a useful marker in stratifying pre-operative patients with lung ADC and identifying EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Qiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jue Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Y E Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiping DA
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Deruo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Liu J, Wu R, Liang Y, Lin M, Liu J, Chan CS, Hu W, Feng Z. Tumor suppressor p53 negatively regulates glycolysis stimulated by hypoxia through its target RRAD. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5535-46. [PMID: 25114038 PMCID: PMC4170611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells display enhanced glycolysis to meet their energetic and biosynthetic demands even under normal oxygen concentrations. Recent studies have revealed that tumor suppressor p53 represses glycolysis under normoxia as a novel mechanism for tumor suppression. As the common microenvironmental stress for tumors, hypoxia drives the metabolic switch from the oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, which is crucial for survival and proliferation of cancer cells under hypoxia. The p53's role and mechanism in regulating glycolysis under hypoxia is poorly understood. Here, we found that p53 represses hypoxia-stimulated glycolysis in cancer cells through RRAD, a newly-identified p53 target. RRAD expression is frequently decreased in lung cancer. Ectopic expression of RRAD greatly reduces glycolysis whereas knockdown of RRAD promotes glycolysis in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, RRAD represses glycolysis mainly through inhibition of GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane. Under hypoxic conditions, p53 induces RRAD, which in turn inhibits the translocation of GLUT1 and represses glycolysis in lung cancer cells. Blocking RRAD by siRNA greatly abolishes p53's function in repressing glycolysis under hypoxia. Taken together, our results revealed an important role and mechanism of p53 in antagonizing the stimulating effect of hypoxia on glycolysis, which contributes to p53's function in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA; These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA; These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Meihua Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Chang S Chan
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
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Lee JW, Min HS, Lee SM, Kwon HW, Chung JK. Relations Between Pathological Markers and Radioiodine Scan and (18)F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients With Recurrent Cervical Nodal Metastases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 49:127-34. [PMID: 26085858 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-015-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between the immunohistochemical results and radioiodine scan and (18)F-FDG PET findings in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with recurrent cervical nodal metastases. METHODS A total of 46 PTC patients who had undergone a radioiodine scan and/or (18)F-FDG PET/CT and a subsequent operation on recurrent cervical lymph nodes were enrolled. Twenty-seven patients underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT, 8 underwent radioiodine scans, and 11 underwent both scans. In all surgical specimens, the immunoexpressions of thyroglobulin (Tg), sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1), and somatostatin receptor 1 and 2A (SSTR1 and SSTR2A) were assessed, and associations between these expressions and radioiodine scan and (18)F-FDG PET findings were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 38 patients who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT, all patients with weak Tg expression had positive (18)F-FDG uptake, while only 45 % of the patients with moderate or strong Tg expression showed positive uptake (p = 0.01). The proportion of patients with positive (18)F-FDG uptake increased as the degree of Glut-1 expression with luminal accentuation increased. Of the 19 patients who underwent a radioiodine scan, the proportion with positive radioiodine uptake was greater among patients with strong NIS and SSTR2A expression than among patients expressing these markers at weak levels (p = 0.04 for all). All three patients with weak Tg expression were negative for radioiodine uptake. CONCLUSION The (18)F-FDG uptakes of recurrent cervical nodes are related to strong Glut-1 expression with luminal accentuation and weak Tg expression, whereas radioiodine uptake is related to the strong expressions of NIS and SSTR2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Min
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Mi Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Medicine, 101 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Medicine, 101 Daehang-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Basu S, Hess S, Nielsen Braad PE, Olsen BB, Inglev S, Høilund-Carlsen PF. The Basic Principles of FDG-PET/CT Imaging. PET Clin 2014; 9:355-70, v. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Lee J, Kim JO, Jung CK, Kim YS, Yoo IR, Choi WH, Jeon EK, Hong SH, Chun SH, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Kang JH. Metabolic Activity on [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Glucose Transporter-1 Expression Might Predict Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Limited Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer Who Receive Concurrent Chemoradiation. Clin Lung Cancer 2014; 15:e13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nair VS, Gevaert O, Davidzon G, Plevritis SK, West R. NF-κB protein expression associates with (18)F-FDG PET tumor uptake in non-small cell lung cancer: a radiogenomics validation study to understand tumor metabolism. Lung Cancer 2014; 83:189-96. [PMID: 24355259 PMCID: PMC3922123 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously demonstrated that NF-κB may be associated with (18)F-FDG PET uptake and patient prognosis using radiogenomics in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To validate these results, we assessed NF-κB protein expression in an extended cohort of NSCLC patients. METHODS We examined NF-κBp65 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a Tissue Microarray. Staining intensity was assessed by qualitative ordinal scoring and compared to tumor FDG uptake (SUVmax and SUVmean), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression (as a positive control) and outcome using ANOVA, Kaplan Meier (KM), and Cox-proportional hazards (CPH) analysis. RESULTS 365 tumors from 355 patients with long-term follow-up were analyzed. The average age for patients was 67±11 years, 46% were male and 67% were ever smokers. Stage I and II patients comprised 83% of the cohort and the majority had adenocarcinoma (73%). From 88 FDG PET scans available, average SUVmax and SUVmean were 8.3±6.6, and 3.7±2.4 respectively. Increasing NF-κBp65 expression, but not LDHA expression, was associated with higher SUVmax and SUVmean (p=0.03 and 0.02 respectively). Both NF-κBp65 and positive FDG uptake were significantly associated with more advanced stage, tumor histology and invasion. Higher NF-κBp65 expression was associated with death by KM analysis (p=0.06) while LDHA was strongly associated with recurrence (p=0.04). Increased levels of combined NF-κBp65 and LDHA expression were synergistic and associated with both recurrence (p=0.04) and death (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS NF-κB IHC was a modest biomarker of prognosis that associated with tumor glucose metabolism on FDG PET when compared to existing molecular correlates like LDHA, which was synergistic with NF-κB for outcome. These findings recapitulate radiogenomics profiles previously reported by our group and provide a methodology for studying tumor biology using computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswam S Nair
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Guido Davidzon
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S, 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Sylvia K Plevritis
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Robert West
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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Takebayashi R, Izuishi K, Yamamoto Y, Kameyama R, Mori H, Masaki T, Suzuki Y. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation as a biological marker of hypoxic status but not glucose transport ability in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:34. [PMID: 23718763 PMCID: PMC3672048 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of [18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detection of gastric cancer is often debated because FDG uptake varies for each patient. The purpose of this study was to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in FDG uptake. Material and methods Fifty patients with gastric cancer who underwent FDG-PET and gastrectomy were studied. Snap-frozen tumor specimens were collected and examined by real-time PCR for relationships between maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and mRNA expression of the following genes: glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results Tumor size was the only clinicopathological parameter that significantly correlated with SUV. Transcripts for the genes evaluated were about three-fold higher in malignant specimens than in normal mucosa, although only HIF1α was significantly correlated with SUV. When divided into intestinal and non-intestinal tumors, there was a significant correlation between SUV and tumor size in intestinal tumors. Interestingly, the weak association between SUV and HIF1α expression in intestinal tumors was substantially stronger in non-intestinal tumors. No correlation was found between SUV and mRNA expression of other genes in intestinal or non-intestinal tumors. Conclusion SUV was correlated with HIF1α, but not PCNA, HK2, or GLUT1 expression. FDG accumulation could therefore represent tissue hypoxia rather than glucose transport activity for aggressive cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Takebayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, Japan
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16
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Büsing KA, Schönberg SO, Brade J, Wasser K. Impact of blood glucose, diabetes, insulin, and obesity on standardized uptake values in tumors and healthy organs on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 40:206-13. [PMID: 23228852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronically altered glucose metabolism interferes with (18)F-FDG uptake in malignant tissue and healthy organs and may therefore lower tumor detection in (18)F-FDG PET/CT. The present study assesses the impact of elevated blood glucose levels (BGL), diabetes, insulin treatment, and obesity on (18)F-FDG uptake in tumors and biodistribution in normal organ tissues. METHODS (18)F-FDG PET/CT was analyzed in 90 patients with BGL ranging from 50 to 372 mg/dl. Of those, 29 patients were diabetic and 21 patients had received insulin prior to PET/CT; 28 patients were obese with a body mass index >25. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) of normal organs and the main tumor site was measured. Differences in SUV(max) in patients with and without elevated BGLs, diabetes, insulin treatment, and obesity were compared and analyzed for statistical significance. RESULTS Increased BGLs were associated with decreased cerebral FDG uptake and increased uptake in skeletal muscle. Diabetes and insulin diminished this effect, whereas obesity slightly enhanced the outcome. Diabetes and insulin also increased the average SUV(max) in muscle cells and fat, whereas the mean cerebral SUV(max) was reduced. Obesity decreased tracer uptake in several healthy organs by up to 30%. Tumoral uptake was not significantly influenced by BGL, diabetes, insulin, or obesity. CONCLUSIONS Changes in BGLs, diabetes, insulin, and obesity affect the FDG biodistribution in muscular tissue and the brain. Although tumoral uptake is not significantly impaired, these findings may influence the tumor detection rate and are therefore essential for diagnosis and follow-up of malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Büsing
- Institute for Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Rakheja D, Khokhar S, Mitui M, Cost NG. Immunohistochemical expression of GLUT1 and its correlation with unfavorable histology and TP53 codon 72 polymorphism in Wilms tumors. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2012; 15:286-92. [PMID: 22483234 DOI: 10.2350/12-01-1151-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism, such as increased glycolysis, is a hallmark of cancer cells. One mechanism by which cancer cells fuel glycolysis is through increased uptake of glucose across cell membranes via the glucose transporter GLUT1. One of the transcriptional repressors of GLUT1 is wild-type TP53, and cancer-associated loss of function mutations within the DNA-binding domain of TP53 impairs the repressive effect of TP53 on transcriptional activity of the GLUT1 gene promoter. Because TP53 mutations are associated with unfavorable histology (diffuse anaplasia) in Wilms tumors, we hypothesized increased expression of GLUT1 in these tumors. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry for GLUT1 in a set of 50 Wilms tumors, including 5 with unfavorable histology. In a subset of 16 favorable histology Wilms tumors, we compared the GLUT1 immunoexpression with TP53 codon 72 polymorphism status. We found consistently stronger immunoexpression of GLUT1 in unfavorable histology Wilms tumors compared to favorable histology Wilms tumors (P = 0.04). We noted that the favorable histology Wilms tumors with a proline residue at position 72 of TP53 tended to have higher immunoexpression of GLUT1, although this immunoexpression did not reach statistical significance in this small set of cases. In summary, our finding of strong GLUT1 immunoexpression in unfavorable histology Wilms tumors indicates that these tumors are likely to be 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-d-glucose avid and that GLUT1 should be evaluated as a therapeutic target for these tumors that otherwise show resistance to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Jóźwiak P, Krześlak A, Pomorski L, Lipińska A. Expression of hypoxia-related glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 in benign, malignant and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:601-6. [PMID: 22752218 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of glucose metabolism in neoplastic cells is mediated by the overexpression of key glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters (GLUTs). In particular, an increased expression of hypoxia-related GLUT1 and GLUT3 has been found in a variety of malignancies. The aim of this study was to examine the expression levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in benign and malignant thyroid tumors, as well as in non-neoplastic lesions. Analysis of the mRNA expression levels of solute carrier family 2, member 1 (SLC2A1) and solute carrier family 2, member 3 (SLC2A3) (genes coding GLUT1 and GLUT3, respectively) was performed by the real-time PCR method with fluorescent probes. GLUT1 and GLUT3 protein expression levels were determined in thyroid specimens by immunodetection after separation of proteins on 10% polyacrylamide slab gels and electrotransfer onto Immobilon-P membranes. The majority of papillary carcinoma samples showed a higher expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in comparison with follicular carcinoma cases and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions. A tendency towards an increased expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 was observed in papillary carcinoma cases with more advanced disease stages. Moreover, a significant correlation was noted between the hypoxia-related GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression determined by both methods. In conclusion, our findings suggest that GLUT1 and GLUT3 play an important role in the pathology of thyroid glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jóźwiak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Łódź, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
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Billè A, Okiror L, Skanjeti A, Errico L, Arena V, Penna D, Ardissone F, Pelosi E. The prognostic significance of maximum standardized uptake value of primary tumor in surgically treated non-small-cell lung cancer patients: analysis of 413 cases. Clin Lung Cancer 2012; 14:149-56. [PMID: 22682667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated PET/CT is widely used in the preoperative staging and prognostic assessment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prognostic significance of SUVmax of primary tumor in patients undergoing surgical treatment and, in order to minimize technical interferences, to verify whether SUVmax standardized by SUVmax liver or SUVmax blood pool provided additional prognostic information. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study of 413 consecutive NSCLC patients undergoing potentially curative surgical resection after PET/CT obtained in the same PET center over a 6-year period. The SUVmax was calculated drawing region of interest around the primitive tumor, the liver, and the aortic arch in PET images. The same procedure was performed for 2 adjacent planes and the average of these measures was considered. RESULTS Nine patients were considered 30-day postoperative deaths and were excluded from the analysis. At the end of the study, 312 (77.2%) of the 404 patients were alive (median follow-up, 26 months) and 92 had died (median survival, 17 months). At multivariate analysis tumor-node-metastasis stage, primary tumor grading and primary tumor SUVmax (T-SUVmax) were found to be independent prognostic factors, while T-SUVmax/SUVmax blood pool ratio, and T-SUVmax/SUVmax liver ratio were not. CONCLUSIONS T-SUVmax is an independent predictor for survival in NSCLC patients undergoing surgery and might be helpful in guiding adjuvant treatment strategies. SUVmax of primary tumor normalized by SUV blood pool or SUV liver does not provide additional prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Billè
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK.
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Hong R, Lim SC. ¹⁸F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake on PET CT and glucose transporter 1 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:168-74. [PMID: 22253523 PMCID: PMC3257444 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the correlation between the level of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) uptake and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA). METHODS Forty four patients with resected CRA and preoperative (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography - computed tomography data were investigated in this study. Comparison of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the lesion was made with GLUT1 expression by immunohistochemistry and various clinicopathologic factors including tumor volume, invasion depth, gross finding, and lymph node metastasis. RESULTS SUVmax was 14.45 ± 7.0 in negative GLUT1 expression cases, 15.51 ± 5.7 in weak GLUT1 expression cases, and 16.52 ± 6.8 in strong GLUT1 expression cases, and there was no correlation between between GLUT1 expression and SUVmax. SUVmax was significantly correlated with tumor volume (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant differences in SUVmax and GLUT1 expression among other clinicopathologic factors. CONCLUSION GLUT1 expression does not correlates significantly with (18)F-FDG uptake in CRA. (18)F-FDG uptake was increased with tumor volume, which is statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hong
- Department of Pathology and Research Center for Resistant cells, Medical School, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-140, South Korea
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Reis H, Tschirdewahn S, Szarvas T, Rübben H, Schmid KW, Grabellus F. Expression of GLUT1 is associated with increasing grade of malignancy in non-invasive and invasive urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:1149-1153. [PMID: 22848280 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) belongs to the expanding mammalian facilitative glucose transporter family. Elevated GLUT1 protein expression has been observed in the majority of urothelial carcinomas, with various effects on clinicopathological parameters. Whereas malignant cells have an accelerated metabolism with increased energy requirements, the membranous expression of GLUTs is amplified. GLUT1 protein expression was evaluated in urothelial tumours of increasing grade of malignancy, supplemented by a tumour proliferation analysis. Particular attention was paid to non-invasive precursors of urothelial carcinoma. A total of 105 paraffin-embedded samples were classified (normal urothelium, low/high-grade papillary carcinoma, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma). Grading and staging were conducted using the 1998 ISUP/2004 WHO criteria. The staining intensity of GLUT1 was assessed with a standard immunoreactive score (IRS). The Ki-67 index was assessed by counting positive nuclei in representative urothelial hot spots. Results showed that an increased GLUT1-IRS and mean count of Ki-67-positive cells were significantly associated with an increased grade of malignancy (p<0.0001), particularly in non-invasive tumours. GLUT1-IRS was significantly associated with a Ki-67-labelled proliferative fraction (p<0.0001). No significant association regarding tumour grade or stage was observed within the invasive carcinoma group. GLUT1 protein expression was found to be strongly correlated with increased malignant potential, particularly in non-invasive urothelial carcinomas. The increase of GLUT1 expression may reflect a preinvasive metabolic switch in terms of enhanced cell metabolism concomitant to known genetic alterations. A further increase in invasive carcinomas may be related to hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Carvalho KC, Cunha IW, Rocha RM, Ayala FR, Cajaíba MM, Begnami MD, Vilela RS, Paiva GR, Andrade RG, Soares FA. GLUT1 expression in malignant tumors and its use as an immunodiagnostic marker. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:965-72. [PMID: 21808860 PMCID: PMC3129958 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze glucose transporter 1 expression patterns in malignant tumors of various cell types and evaluate their diagnostic value by immunohistochemistry. INTRODUCTION Glucose is the major source of energy for cells, and glucose transporter 1 is the most common glucose transporter in humans. Glucose transporter 1 is aberrantly expressed in several tumor types. Studies have implicated glucose transporter 1 expression as a prognostic and diagnostic marker in tumors, primarily in conjunction with positron emission tomography scan data. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for glucose transporter 1 was performed in tissue microarray slides, comprising 1955 samples of malignant neoplasm from different cell types. RESULTS Sarcomas, lymphomas, melanomas and hepatoblastomas did not express glucose transporter 1. Forty-seven per cent of prostate adenocarcinomas were positive, as were 29% of thyroid, 10% of gastric and 5% of breast adenocarcinomas. Thirty-six per cent of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were positive, as were 42% of uterine cervix squamous cell carcinomas. Glioblastomas and retinoblastomas showed membranous glucose transporter 1 staining in 18.6% and 9.4% of all cases, respectively. Squamous cell carcinomas displayed membranous expression, whereas adenocarcinomas showed cytoplasmic glucose transporter 1 expression. CONCLUSION Glucose transporter 1 showed variable expression in various tumor types. Its absence in sarcomas, melanomas, hepatoblastomas and lymphomas suggests that other glucose transporters mediate the glycolytic pathway in these tumors. The data suggest that glucose transporter 1 is a valuable immunohistochemical marker that can be used to identify patients for evaluation by positron emission tomography scan. The function of cytoplasmic glucose transporter 1 in adenocarcinomas must be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia C Carvalho
- Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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