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Karatas O, Gengec NA, Gengec E, Khataee A, Kobya M. High-performance carbon black electrode for oxygen reduction reaction and oxidation of atrazine by electro-Fenton process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132370. [PMID: 34592209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to produce an electrode that can be used in H2O2 production and Electro-Fenton (EF) process by an effective, cheap, and easy method. For this reason, a superhydrophobic electrode with a higher PTFE ratio and high thickness was produced with a simple press. The produced electrode was used in the production of H2O2 and mineralization of Atrazine. First, the effect of pH, cathode voltage, and operation time on H2O2 production was evaluated. The maximum H2O2 concentration (409 mg/L), the highest current efficiency (99.80%), and the lowest electrical energy consumption (3.16 kWh/kg) were obtained at 0.8 V, 7.0 of pH, and 120 min, and the stability of the electrode was evaluated up to 720 min. Then, the effects of the operational conditions (pH, cathode voltage, operating time, and catalyst concentration) in electro-Fenton were evaluated. The fastest degradation of Atrazine (>99%) was obtained at 2.0 V, 3.0 of pH, and 0.3 mM of Fe2+ in 15 min. In the final part of the study, the degradation intermediates were identified, and the characterization of the electrode was evaluated by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, tensiometer, potentiostat, and elemental analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Karatas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16310, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nevin Atalay Gengec
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Erhan Gengec
- Department of Environmental Protection, University of Kocaeli, 41275, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehmet Kobya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey; Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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Min SJ, Kim JG, Baek K. Role of carbon fiber electrodes and carbonate electrolytes in electrochemical phenol oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123083. [PMID: 32947731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) requires an injection of oxidants into a contaminated site. However, the oxidants decompose and react with contaminants during transport to the contaminated region, which causes oxidant over-consumption. In-situ oxidant generation can solve this problem, and electrochemical methods can be applied to achieve this. Electrochemical oxidation is highly dependent on electrode material type. In this study, we evaluated graphite and carbon fiber as candidates for electrochemical oxidant generation and phenol as the model compound. The carbon fiber anode oxidized the phenol more effectively than graphite, with removal proportional to the applied current. Carbonate electrolytes were more effective at oxidizing phenols than sulfate electrolytes. The faster carbon fiber anode phenol oxidation is due to its large surface area. Carbonate radicals in the carbonate electrolyte contribute to phenol oxidation as well as further intermediate oxidation. The carbon fiber cathode was not an effective phenol oxidizer even though it generated more hydrogen peroxide. This is because there was no catalyst to transform the hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals. Results indicate that electrochemical oxidation using carbon fiber is an effective method for treating phenol found in groundwater with high concentrations of (bi)carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Min
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekie-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekie-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekie-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Mameda N, Park H, Choo KH. Electrochemical filtration process for simultaneous removal of refractory organic and particulate contaminants from wastewater effluents. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:699-708. [PMID: 30096695 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Versatile electrochemical reactions are effective for removing a wide range of water contaminants. This study focuses on the development and testing of bifunctional electrocatalytic filter anodes as reactive and separating media for the simultaneous removal of refractory dissolved organic and particulate contaminants from real wastewater effluents. The results show that the TiO2 particle interlayers formed between the Ti fiber support and the top composite metal oxide catalyst layers assist in reducing filter pores to an effective size range that enables removal of most particulates within the wastewater. The double-sheet design, which is a sandwich-structured module with an internal void space for permeate, prevents filter fouling, and transmembrane pressure can be maintained at a very low level of <5 kPa during batch and continuous flow reactor operations. Substantive and simultaneous removal of dissolved organics (e.g., chromophores, fluorophores, 1,4-dioxane, chemical oxygen demand, and total organic carbon) and particulate matter (i.e., turbidity) are achieved, although removal rates and efficacies differ depending on the electric current density applied. Decolorization and particulate rejection occur swiftly and immediately, but 1,4-dioxane degradation is relatively slow and quite time-dependent. Possible 1,4-dioxane degradation pathways during electrocatalysis are also proposed. Electrochemical filtration technology shows considerable promise for use in the next generation of advanced wastewater treatment solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Mameda
- Advanced Institute of Water Industry, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeona Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Choo
- Advanced Institute of Water Industry, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Shokri A. Application of Sono–photo-Fenton process for degradation of phenol derivatives in petrochemical wastewater using full factorial design of experiment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-018-0159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ramírez-Pereda B, Álvarez-Gallegos A, Rangel-Peraza JG, Bustos-Terrones YA. Kinetics of Acid Orange 7 oxidation by using carbon fiber and reticulated vitreous carbon in an electro-Fenton process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:279-287. [PMID: 29502013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a micro-scale parallel plate reactor was built to electrochemically generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to develop the Fenton reaction in situ, for the treatment of toxic organic pollutants. Two types of carbon materials were compared and used as cathodes: unidirectional carbon fiber (CF) and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC). As anode, a stainless steel mesh was used. The results of H2O2 were experimentally compared by means of electrogeneration process. RVC cathode with dimensions of 2.5 × 1 × 5 cm (170 mA and variable voltage V = 2.0-2.7) and 180 min produced 5.3 mM H2O2, with an H2O2 production efficiency of 54%. Unidirectional carbon fiber cathode produced 7.5 mM of H2O2 (96% of H2O2 production efficiency) when a voltage of 1.8 V was applied during 180 min to a total area of 480 cm2 of this material. Acid Orange 7 (AO7) was degraded to a concentration of 0.16 mM during the first 40 min of the process, which represented 95% of the initial concentration. Electrolysis process removed nearly 100% of the AO7 using both cathodes at the end of these experiments (180 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blenda Ramírez-Pereda
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alberto Álvarez-Gallegos
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gabriel Rangel-Peraza
- CONACYT-División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán, Juan de Dios Batíz 310, Col. Guadalupe, 80220, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Yaneth A Bustos-Terrones
- CONACYT-División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Culiacán, Juan de Dios Batíz 310, Col. Guadalupe, 80220, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Sandhwar VK, Prasad B. Comparison of electrocoagulation, peroxi-electrocoagulation and peroxi-coagulation processes for treatment of simulated purified terephthalic acid wastewater: Optimization, sludge and kinetic analysis. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ya V, Martin N, Chou YH, Chen YM, Choo KH, Chen SS, Li CW. Electrochemical treatment for simultaneous removal of heavy metals and organics from surface finishing wastewater using sacrificial iron anode. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sandhwar VK, Prasad B. Comparison of phthalic acid removal from aqueous solution by electrochemical methods: Optimization, kinetic and sludge study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:476-488. [PMID: 28841515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, comparative study between electrochemical processes such as electrocoagulation (EC), peroxi-coagulation (PC) and peroxi-electrocoagulation (PEC) was performed for the removal of phthalic acid (PA) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from aqueous medium. Initially, acid treatment was studied at various pH (1-3) and temperature (10-55 °C). Subsequently, the supernatant was re-treated by electrochemical processes such as EC, PC and PEC separately. Independent parameters viz. pH, current density (CD), electrolyte concentration (m), electrode gap (g), H2O2 concentration and electrolysis time (t) were optimized by Central Composite Design (CCD) for these electrochemical processes. All three processes were compared based on removal, energy consumption, kinetic analysis, operating cost and sludge characteristics. In this study, PEC process was found more efficient among EC, PC and PEC processes in order to get maximum removal, minimum energy consumption and minimum operating cost. Maximum removal of PA- 68.21%, 74.36%, 82.25% & COD- 64.79%, 68.15%, 75.21% with energy consumption - 120.95, 97.51, 65.68 (kWh/kg COD removed) were attained through EC, PC and PEC processes respectively at their corresponding optimum conditions. Results indicated that PA and COD removals are in order of PEC > PC > EC under optimum conditions. First order kinetic model was found able to describe the degradation kinetics and provided best correlation for the removal rate within the acceptable error range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Sandhwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Basheshwar Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Comparative study of electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical Fenton processes for simultaneous degradation of phthalic and para-toluic acids from aqueous medium. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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