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Licata F, Maruca R, Citrino EA, Bianco A. Insight into sleep quality and its relationship with emotional intelligence: results of a cross-sectional study among Italian university students. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1392571. [PMID: 38813404 PMCID: PMC11133748 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1392571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate sleep habits and examine the relationship between sleep quality and its potential predictors, namely Emotional Intelligence (EI) and perceived health status. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted between February 13 and February 28, 2023, at the "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, in the Southern part of Italy. The study involved undergraduate students who were 18 years or older, proficient in the Italian language, and with no restrictions on the major attended. They completed a self-administered survey on socio-demographic information, health status, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI), EI, and perceived health status. Results The majority of the sample (59.6%) was enrolled in medical or life science majors. The results showed a high prevalence of poor sleep quality and sleep latency was identified as the most affected aspect of it. The female gender and the self-perceived health status were the strongest predictors of poor sleep quality. Poor sleepers showed lower emotional clarity, emotional repair, and total EI scores. Moreover, as age increased, the odds of being classified as a poor sleeper increased by 7%. Conclusion The survey highlights that poor sleep health is still a significant issue and empowering individuals to make proactive decisions to adopt healthy lifestyles in the early phase of life is of paramount importance. The study exhibited the interesting role of EI in influencing sleep quality, highlighting that when emotional events are insufficiently regulated, it may result in sleep disturbances. Therefore, the promotion of sleep quality requires an integrated yet innovative approach including emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Licata
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Riccardo Maruca
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emma Antonia Citrino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Aida Bianco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
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Han X, Zhou E, Liu D. Electronic Media Use and Sleep Quality: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e48356. [PMID: 38533835 PMCID: PMC11077410 DOI: 10.2196/48356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper explores the widely discussed relationship between electronic media use and sleep quality, indicating negative effects due to various factors. However, existing meta-analyses on the topic have some limitations. OBJECTIVE The study aims to analyze and compare the impacts of different digital media types, such as smartphones, online games, and social media, on sleep quality. METHODS Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the study performed a systematic meta-analysis of literature across multiple databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from January 2018 to October 2023. Two trained coders coded the study characteristics independently. The effect sizes were calculated using the correlation coefficient as a standardized measure of the relationship between electronic media use and sleep quality across studies. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.0) was used to perform the meta-analysis. Statistical methods such as funnel plots were used to assess the presence of asymmetry and a p-curve test to test the p-hacking problem, which can indicate publication bias. RESULTS Following a thorough screening process, the study involved 55 papers (56 items) with 41,716 participants from over 20 countries, classifying electronic media use into "general use" and "problematic use." The meta-analysis revealed that electronic media use was significantly linked with decreased sleep quality and increased sleep problems with varying effect sizes across subgroups. A significant cultural difference was also observed in these effects. General use was associated with a significant decrease in sleep quality (P<.001). The pooled effect size was 0.28 (95% CI 0.21-0.35; k=20). Problematic use was associated with a significant increase in sleep problems (P≤.001). The pooled effect size was 0.33 (95% CI 0.28-0.38; k=36). The subgroup analysis indicated that the effect of general smartphone use and sleep problems was r=0.33 (95% CI 0.27-0.40), which was the highest among the general group. The effect of problematic internet use and sleep problems was r=0.51 (95% CI 0.43-0.59), which was the highest among the problematic groups. There were significant differences among these subgroups (general: Qbetween=14.46, P=.001; problematic: Qbetween=27.37, P<.001). The results of the meta-regression analysis using age, gender, and culture as moderators indicated that only cultural difference in the relationship between Eastern and Western culture was significant (Qbetween=6.69; P=.01). All funnel plots and p-curve analyses showed no evidence of publication and selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Despite some variability, the study overall confirms the correlation between increased electronic media use and poorer sleep outcomes, which is notably more significant in Eastern cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Han
- School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Enze Zhou
- School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Boniel-Nissim M, Tynjälä J, Gobiņa I, Furstova J, van den Eijnden RJJM, Marino C, Klanšček HJ, Klavina-Makrecka S, Villeruša A, Lahti H, Vieno A, Wong SL, Villberg J, Inchley J, Gariépy G. Adolescent use of social media and associations with sleep patterns across 18 European and North American countries. Sleep Health 2023; 9:314-321. [PMID: 36804326 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the past decade, concurrent with increasing social media use (SMU), there has been a shift toward poorer sleep among adolescents in many countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-national associations between adolescent SMU and sleep patterns, by comparing 4 different categories of SMU (nonactive, active, intense, and problematic use). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data were from 86,542 adolescents in 18 European and North American countries that participated in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged study. MEASUREMENTS Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine cross-national associations between 4 SMU categories and adolescent sleep duration, bedtime and social jetlag derived from self-reported data. RESULTS For all countries combined, nonactive SMU was associated with longer sleep, earlier bedtimes, and less social jetlag, compared to active SMU, although the differences were minor. By comparison, intense and problematic SMU were associated with less sleep and later bedtimes on both school and nonschool days, and greater social jetlag, compared to active SMU. While findings were relatively consistent between countries, some differences were observed, suggesting that the national and cultural context may be important in interpreting results. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that both intense and problematic SMU are associated with poorer sleep patterns in adolescents across most countries. Further research is needed to identify effective policies, programs, and messaging to promote the healthy use of social media and prevent potential negative impacts on adolescent sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyran Boniel-Nissim
- Department of Educational Counselling, The Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Jorma Tynjälä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Inese Gobiņa
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jana Furstova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Claudia Marino
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Anita Villeruša
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Henri Lahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Suzy L Wong
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Joanna Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Geneviève Gariépy
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Jarczok M, Lange S, Meinck F, Witt A, Clemens V, Fegert JM, Jud A. Widening epidemiological data on the prevalence of child maltreatment: Validation of the German ICAST-R in a student sample and national household survey. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 137:106038. [PMID: 36706613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of instruments for measuring child maltreatment (CM) prevalence have repeatedly been used across different countries. Although they hold the potential for providing benchmarks to tackle the gap of lacking comparability of CM prevalence across countries, contextual information about the adverse experiences such as perpetrator, chronicity, frequency, or severity are rarely covered. The ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool - Retrospective (ICAST-R) covers these important dimensions. The German version increases the number of available versions to 21 different languages. Spoken by about 120 million people, German is one of the 20 most prevalent languages around the world. Moreover, the ICAST-R is intended to be used with young adults. This study further aims at adding towards the gap of psychometrics in older age groups. METHODS Analyses are based on both a sample of German students (n = 333) and a nationally representative household survey (n = 2515). The validation process covered six steps: (1) Analyses of missing data on single items, (2) calculation of descriptive statistics to estimate the prevalence CM as well as subjective severity and main perpetrators. (3) Structural validity of the four conceptualized subtypes of CM (neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse) was tested using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Next (4), equivalence testing by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) on age groups was conducted within the representative sample; (5) reliability was tested by determining internal consistencies for each subscale via the McDonald's Omega, Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20), and Cronbach's alpha. Lastly (6), criterion validity was tested in regression models comparing depressive/anxious symptomatology for single victimization and polyvictimization. RESULTS The German ICAST-R yielded low missing values items in both samples. 16 % of the participants in the national household survey reported neglect, 20.3 % physical abuse, 22.2 % emotional abuse, and 8.6 % sexual abuse. Polyvictimization was prevalent with 20.6 % of subjects reporting >2 types of CM. Students in the pilot-survey reported much higher prevalence estimates than participants in the nationally representative sample. The types of CM subjectively rated as most harmful were emotional abuse and sexual abuse. In both samples, structural validity was similarly confirmed as CFA was reproducing the four conceptualized subtypes of CM with adequate fit (household survey: CFI 0.919, TLI 0.907, RMSEA 0.017, SRMR 0.046). Internal consistency achieved acceptable and comparable values for all three types of coefficients; criterion validity was established with a significant dose-response effect of CM experiences on both anxiety and depressive symptoms/diagnoses. Age dependent analyses on structural validity (MGCFA) and reliability in the household survey revealed potential weaknesses of items. CONCLUSION The German version of the ICAST-R both widens the possibility of international CM prevalence comparison and provides novel epidemiological data for Germany on subjective severity of CM and CM perpetrators. Even in the presence of a marked selection bias, the ICAST-R had similarly good psychometric properties in the student and nationally representative household sample. Except for issues with two items, equivalence testing was comparable across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Lange
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Competence Area Mental Health Prevention in the Competence Network Preventive Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; OPTENTIA, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andreas Witt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vera Clemens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Competence Area Mental Health Prevention in the Competence Network Preventive Medicine Baden-Württemberg, Ulm, Germany; Competence Center Child Abuse and Neglect com.can, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Jud
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Competence Center Child Abuse and Neglect com.can, Ulm, Germany; School of Social Work, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kater MJ, Werner A, Schlarb AA, Lohaus A. Sleep Reactivity and Related Factors in Adolescence: An Increased Risk for Insomnia? A Longitudinal Assessment. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:207-216. [PMID: 37069845 PMCID: PMC10105585 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s401452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The individual vulnerability for stress-related sleep difficulties (eg, sleep reactivity) is known as a predisposing factor of insomnia in adults, yet relatively little is known about sleep reactivity in adolescence. The study goal is to determine factors related to sleep reactivity and to investigate whether sleep reactivity and related factors predict current and new incidents of insomnia in adolescents. Patients and Methods At baseline, 11-to-17-year-olds (N = 185, Mage = 14.3 years, SD = 1.8, 54% female) answered an age-appropriate version of the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test, questionnaires about sleep, stress, psychological symptoms, and resources, filled out a sleep diary and used actigraphy. Insomnia diagnoses according to ISCD-3 criteria were assessed at baseline, after 9 months and after one and a half years. Results Adolescents with high compared to low sleep reactivity had increased pre-sleep arousal, negative sleep-related cognitions, pre-sleep mobile phone use, stress experience, stress vulnerability, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, less social resources, and a later midpoint of bedtime. High sleep reactivity increased the likelihood for currently having insomnia, but not for the development of insomnia at subsequent assessments. Conclusion The findings suggest that high sleep reactivity is related to poor sleep health and mental health but cast doubt on sleep reactivity as a pivotal predisposing factor for the development of insomnia in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren-Jo Kater
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
- Correspondence: Maren-Jo Kater, Bielefeld University, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, P.O. Box 10 01 31, Bielefeld, 33501, Germany, Tel +49 0521 - 106 4461, Email
| | - Anika Werner
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Angelika Anita Schlarb
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science Clinical, Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy of Children and Adolescents, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Department of Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
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Lüscher J, Radtke T. The impact of adolescent's daily electronic media use on sleep: Insights from adolescent's and their mother's point of view. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 15:576-593. [PMID: 36101927 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that electronic media use (EMU) is negatively associated with sleep in adolescents. Most studies however are cross-sectional, self- or parents reports, and not distinguishing between different EMU types. Therefore, this study aimed to examine associations between adolescent's EMU and sleep reported by adolescents and from their mothers' perspective in a dyadic ambulatory assessment design. One hundred and five mother-adolescent dyads reported for 14 consecutive days adolescent's EMU for different EMU types and sleep duration. Mothers reported less EMU in the evening and more sleep of their adolescents than adolescents themselves. Multilevel analyses revealed that at the between- and within-person level, EMU in the evening was negatively associated with sleep. Different EMU types differed in effect sizes of associations with sleep. No effects were found for watching TV/DVD/video, whereas for gaming at the between- and within-person level, negative associations with sleep duration were found. For PC/tablet and smartphone use in the evening significant between-person association with sleep duration for adolescent's self-reports and from mother's point of view was found. It is important to investigate adolescent's EMU on a daily basis, from a dyadic perspective, and for different EMU types separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Lüscher
- Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Research Nottwil Switzerland
| | - Theda Radtke
- Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostics University of Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany
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Gu X, Mao EZ. The impacts of academic stress on college students' problematic smartphone use and Internet gaming disorder under the background of neijuan: Hierarchical regressions with mediational analysis on escape and coping motives. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1032700. [PMID: 36683982 PMCID: PMC9849911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1032700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With sluggish economic growth in the post-pandemic era, the phenomenon "neijuan" becomes increasingly severe in many Asian countries like China. Neijuan refers to a hypercompetitive social environment wherein individuals involuntarily get involved in inhumane work or study hours, resulting in a considerable amount of tension and stress. Previous pathology research has shown that stress can trigger the overuse of Internet-based devices and services, which can subsequently lead to problematic smartphone use (PSU) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Provided college students are generally deemed one of the groups most susceptible to neijuan, limited attention has been given to the stimuli and the resultant psychological and behavioral ill-beings. Our study examined the impacts of academic stress on Chinese college students' PSU and IGD problems, with the inclusion of escape and coping motives as mediators. Based upon the results of hierarchical regressions and path analysis, we found that whereas academic stress increased IGD tendency mediated through escape and coping motives, excessive use of smartphone might have developed into a habitual behavior rather than effective escape and coping instruments. Demographic and academic characteristics, such as gender and whether studying at a prestigious institution, also exerted influences on college students' IGD intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gu
- School of Marxism, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eric Zeqing Mao
- School of Cultural Creativity and Management, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Jarczok M, Lange S, Domhardt M, Baumeister H, Jud A. Can You Sleep? - Effect of Retrospective Recall of Child Maltreatment on Sleep Parameters and the Mediating Role of Psychological Distress Among Students of Two German Universities. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1299-1310. [PMID: 35880201 PMCID: PMC9307868 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s360610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Child maltreatment may be linked with long-term sleeping disorders and limited coping with stress. Yet, the potential relationships are only marginally studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS Based on a sample of young adults (n = 312) this study aims at exploring the effects of child maltreatment and the experience of threat to personal safety and life in childhood on sleep disturbances in early adulthood. Data were collected at the two study sites, Ulm University and Bielefeld University, by an online survey. For both risk factors, child maltreatment and the experience of threat to personal safety and life in childhood, a direct impact on sleep disturbances and an indirect path via psychological distress were tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). RESULTS In these models, the direct path to sleep disturbances turned out to be significant for the experience of threat to personal safety and life (Path C: b = 0.18, p = 0.013), but not for child maltreatment (Path C: b = 0.05, p = 0.491). However, the current level of psychological distress was found to have a mediating effect on sleep disturbances for both risk factors, thereby confirming indirect significant effects. CONCLUSION Considering that the etiological pathway of child maltreatment on sleeping disturbances is mediated via psychological distress, this provides a venue to test in future research whether stress reduction interventions can reduce the negative consequences of child maltreatment on sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lange
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Domhardt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Jud
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,School of Social Work, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Cui G, Yin Y, Li S, Chen L, Liu X, Tang K, Li Y. Longitudinal relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: a cross-lagged panel analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:449. [PMID: 34507561 PMCID: PMC8431882 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have found that problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms are strongly associated. However, studies are inconsistent regarding whether problematic mobile phone use predicts depressive symptoms or vice versa, and sleep factors have been infrequently focused on in this regard. In addition, few studies have examined the longitudinal associations and directions of effects between these factors. Therefore, this study aims to explore the longitudinal relationship among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms in college students. METHODS Overall, 1181 college students completed questionnaires on problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms at two time points 12 months apart. A cross-lagged model was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between these factors. RESULTS Cross-lagged analyses showed significant bidirectional relationships of problematic mobile phone use with bedtime procrastination and depressive symptoms. Additionally, there were also significant bidirectional relationships of sleep quality with bedtime procrastination and depressive symptoms. Problematic mobile phone use predicted subsequent sleep quality one-way, and bedtime procrastination predicted subsequent depressive symptoms one-way. CONCLUSIONS This study further expands our understanding of the longitudinal and bidirectional relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms and helps school mental health educators design targeted interventions to reduce problematic mobile phone use, sleep problems, and depressive symptoms among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cui
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Yongtian Yin
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Shaojie Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Kaixuan Tang
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Yawen Li
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
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Werner H, Albrecht JN, Widmer N, Janisch D, Huber R, Jenni OG. Adolescents' preference for later school start times. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13401. [PMID: 34121253 PMCID: PMC9285070 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
As the chronotype delays progressively throughout puberty, early morning school start times (SSTs) contradict the sleep biology of adolescents. Various studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of later SSTs on sleep and health; however, adolescents’ preferences for SSTs have to date never been investigated in detail. The present online survey study aimed to fill this gap and explored influencing factors. A total of 17 high schools in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, circulated the survey among their students. Participants were included if they reported their sex, age, and school (n = 5,308). Students indicated whether they preferred later SSTs. Additionally, five predictor blocks were assessed: sociodemographic, school‐related, sleep, leisure‐time, and health‐related characteristics. We applied multivariate logistic regression models with fixed and random effects to predict the preference. The mean (SD) age of the students was 16.09 (1.76) years (65.1% female). The majority (63.2%) endorsed later SSTs with a preferred delay of 55 min (interquartile range 25–75 min). In the multilevel analysis (n = 2,627), sex, mother tongue, sleep characteristics, mobile device use at bedtime, caffeine consumption, and health‐related quality of life were significant predictors for the preference. Hence, the majority of adolescents preferred later SSTs, and especially those with sleep or health‐related problems. These characteristics have been consistently shown to improve after delaying SSTs. Thus, also from adolescents’ view, later SSTs should be considered to improve the adolescents’ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Werner
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle N Albrecht
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Widmer
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Janisch
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
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Galan-Lopez P, Domínguez R, Gísladóttir T, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Pihu M, Ries F, Klonizakis M. Sleep Quality and Duration in European Adolescents (The AdolesHealth Study): A Cross-Sectional, Quantitative Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:188. [PMID: 33802334 PMCID: PMC7999763 DOI: 10.3390/children8030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a vital element of adolescents' overall health; it influences their body and mind and thus affects their quality of life. Adequate sleep quality and duration are essential for maintaining optimal metabolic health and lowering the risk of developing several medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disease. The current study aimed to assess the perceived sleep quality and duration of 1717 European adolescents from three different European countries (Spain, Iceland and Estonia) aged 13- to 16-years (900 boys, 817 girls) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to examine differences between groups and two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze city and age differences. The probability of having poor sleep quality and duration was calculated by Odd-Ratio (OR). Our study found poor sleep quality in 44% of the boys and 53% of the girls, whereas 68% and 69%, respectively did not get the recommended hours of sleep (i.e., 8-10 h). No difference was found between adolescents from Estonia, Iceland and Spain regarding sleep duration. In contrast, Spanish and Estonian adolescents reported higher probabilities of having poor sleep quality. Finally, girls had a significantly higher probability of poor sleep quality than boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galan-Lopez
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Dos Hermanas (Sevilla), Spain;
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla (Sevilla), Spain; (R.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Thordis Gísladóttir
- Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavík, Iceland;
| | | | - Maret Pihu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51005 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Francis Ries
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla (Sevilla), Spain; (R.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Markos Klonizakis
- Lifestyle, Exercise and Nutrition Improvement (LENI) Research Group, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
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