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Chen YY, Li MS, Liu M, Yun X, Huan F, Liu QM, Cao MJ, Chen GX, Lai D, Liu GM. Linear Epitopes Play an Important Role in the Immunoglobulin G (IgG)/Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-Binding Capacity of Scy p 4. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12870-12879. [PMID: 34689550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein is a stable allergen in Scylla paramamosain and named Scy p 4. To explore the importance of linear epitopes in the immunoglobulin G (IgG)/immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding capacity of Scy p 4, chemical denaturants were used to destroy the structure. Scy p 4 was reduced with dithiothreitol and subsequently alkylated with iodoacetamide (IAA). Furthermore, the structural analysis indicated that IAA-Scy p 4 was an unstructured protein. The inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that IAA-Scy p 4 could inhibit the binding of Scy p 4 to sensitize serum, with inhibition rates reached 55%. Moreover, the linear mimotopes of Scy p 4 were predicted in silico. Three linear epitopes were verified by serological tests and named L-Scy p 4-1 (AA76-91), L-Scy p 4-2 (AA111-125), and L-Scy p 4-3 (AA137-146). Overall, these data provide an understanding of the relationship between the structure and allergenicity about Scy p 4, and the identified linear epitopes can be used for diagnosis and food processing of shellfish allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Si Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mei Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Xia Chen
- Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
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Sharma S, Vashisht S, Gaur SN, Lavasa S, Arora N. Identification of B cell epitopes of Per a 5 allergen using bioinformatic approach. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152146. [PMID: 34717182 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune epitopes of allergens are pivotal for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Present study aims to identify antigenic determinants of Per a 5, a clinically relevant cross reactive cockroach allergen. METHODS The three dimensional structure of Per a 5 was modelled using Modeller 9v11 software. A combination of sequence and structure based computational tools were employed for predicting B cell epitopes. Epitopes were synthesized and immunoreactivity was assessed by ELISA using cockroach hypersensitive patient's sera. Cross-reactivity potential of predicted epitopes was assessed with SDAP and ConSurf and validated by IgE ELISA with fungal and mite hypersensitive patient's sera. RESULTS Per a 5 structure exhibited good quality factor in ERRAT and high stereochemical stability. In silico analysis revealed six B cell epitopes (BC-P1 to P6). BC-P3 demonstrated significant IgE binding followed by BC-P2 and BC-P1 with cockroach hypersensitive patient's sera. Per a 5 epitopes demonstrate considerable similarity with broad spectrum of allergens from fungal, mites, helminths, fruits and nuts. Analysis of PD values indicate BC-P4 to be well conserved among dust mite and helminth GSTs (8.89, 10.63 and 10.69 with D. pteronyssinus, W. bancrofti and F. hepatica respectively). ConSurf analysis of Per a 5 revealed specific enrichment of evolutionarily similar amino acid residues in BC-P2 (with fungal and mite GSTs) and BC-P4 (with mite and helminth GSTs). Further, IgE binding analysis of epitopes demonstrate BC-P2, BC-P3 and BC-P5 as high IgE binders in fungal hypersensitive sera while BC-P1, BC-P2, BC-P4 and BC-P5 demonstrated significant IgE binding with mite hypersensitive sera. CONCLUSIONS Among the predicted epitopes, BC-P3 demonstrates maximal IgE binding ability. Computational analysis suggests strong evolutionary conservation and cross reactive potential of BC-P4 with allergens in dust mite and helminths. ELISA highlights predictive potential of analysing evolutionarily conserved residues for uncovering potentially cross reactive antigenic determinants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Immune epitopes of Per a 5 were identified for aiding molecular diagnosis and potential cross reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
| | - Srishti Vashisht
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - S N Gaur
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, V.P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
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Kim SR, Park HJ, Lee KB, Kim HJ, Jeong JS, Cho SH, Lee YC. Epithelial PI3K-δ Promotes House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Asthma in NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent and -Independent Manners. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:338-358. [PMID: 32009326 PMCID: PMC6997282 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.2.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-δ-dependent Akt activation is known to play critical roles in various immune responses of white blood cells in which PI3K-δ isoform is mostly expressed in contrast to the classes IA PI3Ks p110α and p110β. However, the immunological role of PI3K-δ isoform is still controversial in airway epithelium under house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic response. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PI3K-δ isoform in HDM-induced allergic responses, focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in airway epithelium. METHODS We used wild-type mice and PI3K-δ knock-out (KO) mice for HDM-induced asthma animal model and also performed in vitro experiments using primary cultured murine tracheal epithelial cells and human airway epithelial cells. RESULTS PI3K-δ activated HDM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome and epithelial cell-derived cytokines in the lung including airway epithelial cells. PI3K-δ KO mice or knock-down of PI3K-δ using siRNA exhibited the significant reduction in allergic asthmatic features and the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly as well as epithelial cell-derived cytokines. Interestingly, significantly increased expression of PI3K-δ isoform was observed in stimulated airway epithelial cells and the increases in epithelial cell-derived cytokines were markedly suppressed by blocking PI3K-δ, while these cytokine levels were independent of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that PI3K-δ-isoform can promote HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent response as well as via NLRP3 inflammasome-independent epithelial cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ri Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
| | - Hae Jin Park
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyung Bae Lee
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Jeong
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yong Chul Lee
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW During the past few decades, modified allergens have been developed for use in allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) with the aim to improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the different types of modified allergens, their mechanism of action and their potential for improving AIT. RECENT FINDINGS In-depth research in the field of allergen modifications as well as the advance of recombinant DNA technology have paved the way for improved diagnosis and research on human allergic diseases. A wide range of structurally modified allergens has been generated including allergen peptides, chemically altered allergoids, adjuvant-coupled allergens, and nanoparticle-based allergy vaccines. These modified allergens show promise for the development of AIT regimens with improved safety and long-term efficacy. Certain modifications ensure reduced IgE reactivity and retained T cell reactivity, which facilities induction of immune tolerance to the allergen. To date, multiple clinical trials have been performed using modified allergens. Promising results were obtained for the modified cat, grass and birch pollen, and house dust mite allergens. The use of modified allergens holds promise for improving AIT efficacy and safety. There is however a need for larger clinical studies to reliably assess the added benefit for the patient of using modified allergens for AIT.
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Molecular features of grass allergens and development of biotechnological approaches for allergy prevention. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:545-556. [PMID: 28535924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are characterized by elevated allergen-specific IgE and excessive inflammatory cell responses. Among the reported plant allergens, grass pollen and grain allergens, derived from agriculturally important members of the Poaceae family such as rice, wheat and barley, are the most dominant and difficult to prevent. Although many allergen homologs have been predicted from species such as wheat and timothy grass, fundamental aspects such as the evolution and function of plant pollen allergens remain largely unclear. With the development of genetic engineering and genomics, more primary sequences, functions and structures of plant allergens have been uncovered, and molecular component-based allergen-specific immunotherapies are being developed. In this review, we aim to provide an update on (i) the distribution and importance of pollen and grain allergens of the Poaceae family, (ii) the origin and evolution, and functional aspects of plant pollen allergens, (iii) developments of allergen-specific immunotherapy for pollen allergy using biotechnology and (iv) development of less allergenic plants using gene engineering techniques. We also discuss future trends in revealing fundamental aspects of grass pollen allergens and possible biotechnological approaches to reduce the amount of pollen allergens in grasses.
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Oseroff C, Christensen LH, Westernberg L, Pham J, Lane J, Paul S, Greenbaum J, Stranzl T, Lund G, Hoof I, Holm J, Würtzen PA, Meno KH, Frazier A, Schulten V, Andersen PS, Peters B, Sette A. Immunoproteomic analysis of house dust mite antigens reveals distinct classes of dominant T cell antigens according to function and serological reactivity. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 47:577-592. [PMID: 27684489 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust mite (HDM) allergens are a common cause of allergy and allergic asthma. A comprehensive analysis of proteins targeted by T cells, which are implicated in the development and regulation of allergic disease independent of their antibody reactivity, is still lacking. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively analyse the HDM-derived protein targets of T cell responses in HDM-allergic individuals, and investigate their correlation with IgE/IgG responses and protein function. METHODS Proteomic analysis (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) of HDM extracts identified 90 distinct protein clusters, corresponding to 29 known allergens and 61 novel proteins. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 20 HDM-allergic individuals were stimulated with HDM extracts and assayed with a set of ~2500 peptides derived from these 90 protein clusters and predicted to bind the most common HLA class II types. 2D immunoblots were made in parallel to elucidate IgE and IgG reactivity, and putative function analyses were performed in silico according to Gene Ontology annotations. RESULTS Analysis of T cell reactivity revealed a large number of T cell epitopes. Overall response magnitude and frequency was comparable for known and novel proteins, with 15 antigens (nine of which were novel) dominating the total T cell response. Most of the known allergens that were dominant at the T cell level were also IgE reactive, as expected, while few novel dominant T cell antigens were IgE reactive. Among known allergens, hydrolase activity and detectable IgE/IgG reactivity are strongly correlated, while no protein function correlates with immunogenicity of novel proteins. A total of 106 epitopes accounted for half of the total T cell response, underlining the heterogeneity of T cell responses to HDM allergens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Herein, we define the T cell targets for both known allergens and novel proteins, which may inform future diagnostics and immunotherapeutics for allergy to HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Oseroff
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Luise Westernberg
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John Pham
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerome Lane
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sinu Paul
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jason Greenbaum
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Gitte Lund
- ALK-Abelló A/S, Global Research, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Ilka Hoof
- ALK-Abelló A/S, Global Research, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jens Holm
- ALK-Abelló A/S, Global Research, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Kåre H Meno
- ALK-Abelló A/S, Global Research, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - April Frazier
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Hinz D, Oseroff C, Pham J, Sidney J, Peters B, Sette A. Definition of a pool of epitopes that recapitulates the T cell reactivity against major house dust mite allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1601-12. [PMID: 25652035 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergens from house dust mites (HDM) are a common cause of asthma. Der p and Der f from Dermatophagoides sp. are strong immunogens in humans. Allergen extracts are used to study T helper (Th2) cell responses to HDM, which are implicated in the development and regulation of allergic disease. OBJECTIVE To define an epitope mixture that recapitulates, and might substitute for, HDM extract in terms of detecting and characterizing Th2 cell responses. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 52 HDM allergic and 10 non-allergic individuals were stimulated with HDM extracts and assayed with a set of 178 peptides spanning mite allergens group Der p 1, 2, 23 and Der f group 1 and 2 allergens. A pool of the most dominant T cell epitopes identified in the present study and from published literature was assembled and tested for ex vivo T cell responses. Correlation with HDM-specific IgE titres was examined. RESULTS Patterns of T cell reactivity to Der p and Der f - derived peptides revealed a large number of epitopes. Clear patterns of immunodominance were apparent, with HDM allergen group 1 and 2 dominant over group 23. Furthermore, within a given antigen, 6-11 epitopes accounted for the vast majority of responses. Based on these results and published data, a comprehensive dust mite pool (DMP) of epitopes was designed and found to allow detection of ex vivo T cell responses. DMP ex vivo reactivity correlated with HDM-specific IgE titres and was similar to that detected with commonly used HDM extracts. Ex vivo DMP stimulation was associated with a predominant Th2 response in allergic donors, and minor reactivity of T cells producing IFNγ, IL17 and IL10. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE A detailed map of Der p and Der f antigens defined a pool of epitopes that can be used to detect ex vivo HDM responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hinz
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Oseroff
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Pham
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Chu PY, Sun HL, Ko JL, Ku MS, Lin LJ, Lee YT, Liao PF, Pan HH, Lu HL, Lue KH. Oral fungal immunomodulatory protein-Flammulina velutipes has influence on pulmonary inflammatory process and potential treatment for allergic airway disease: A mouse model. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2015; 50:297-306. [PMID: 26427878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE House dust mite (HDM) is well known as one of the major indoor allergens that trigger allergic inflammation, especially asthma, and accounts for 85% of all cases. So far, asthma has been thought of as a condition of imbalance between T helper (Th)1 and Th2. Fungal immunomodulatory protein-Flammulina velutipes (FIP-fve) has been seemingly demonstrated to modulate the response to Th1 cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate if the oral administration of FIP-fve can inhibit HDM-induced asthma inflammation in the mouse model. METHODS We divided the mice (female BALB/c, 4-6 weeks) into four groups: the prevention group, which consisted of mice sensitized by HDM (intraperitoneally on Day 1, Day 7, and Day 14, and intranasally on Day 14, Day 17, Day 21, Day 24, and Day 27) fed with FIP-fve from Day 1 to Day 14; the treatment group, which comprised mice that received treatment from Day 14 to Day 28; the positive control (PC, sensitized by HDM fed without FIP-fve) group; and the negative control group (NC, nonsensitized). Airway hyperresponsiveness induced by methacholine challenge was determined using whole-body barometric plethysmography. In addition, cytokines were analyzed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. Histopathological studies and Liu's staining method in mice lungs were also performed. RESULTS The results showed that both pre- and posttreated FIP-fve groups had significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness compared with the PC group after methacholine challenge. In addition, a significantly decreased level of HDM-specific immunoglobulin E in serum and decreased production of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were observed in these two FIP-fve fed groups. Moreover, more decreased amounts of infiltrating inflammatory cells were present in the lungs of FIP-fve fed groups than those of the PC group. CONCLUSION Oral FIP-fve had an anti-inflammatory effect on the acute phase of the airway inflammatory process induced by HDM in the mouse model and might have a potentially therapeutic role for allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health and Welfare Feng-Yuan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Sho Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ling-Jun Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Tzu Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Fen Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Hsien Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsueh-Lin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ko-Huang Lue
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yu SJ, Liao EC, Tsai JJ. Der p 2 can induce bystander activation of B cells derived from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology 2014; 219:958-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bahceciler NN, Babayigit Hocaoglu A, Galip N. A milestone in house dust-mite-allergen immunotherapy: the new sublingual tablet S-524101 (actair). Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1427-38. [PMID: 25345538 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.972949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy has long been used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and its efficacy has been confirmed. However, due to the discomfort of injections and the risk of severe adverse reactions, alternative routes of allergen administration have emerged. Delivery of allergens through the mucosal route had been proposed and investigated thoroughly, confirming the sublingual route to be the most efficacious. Later, the efficacy and safety of this route have been documented by numerous controlled trials both for house dust mite (HDM) and pollens. Recently, sublingual orodispersable grass pollen allergen tablets were in use followed by the newly developed HDM allergen tablets with satisfactory clinical results: Moreover, very recently 1 year of HDM tablet treatment was demonstrated to exert its clinical efficacy 1 year after discontinuation of tablet IT. The persistence of efficacy after only 1 year of treatment is a new and promising era. Currently, Sublingual Immunotherapy is the most easily administered and safe treatment option until more immunogenic, less allergenic and more efficient allergen extracts are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerin N Bahceciler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
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Dall'antonia F, Pavkov-Keller T, Zangger K, Keller W. Structure of allergens and structure based epitope predictions. Methods 2014; 66:3-21. [PMID: 23891546 PMCID: PMC3969231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure determination of major allergens is a prerequisite for analyzing surface exposed areas of the allergen and for mapping conformational epitopes. These may be determined by experimental methods including crystallographic and NMR-based approaches or predicted by computational methods. In this review we summarize the existing structural information on allergens and their classification in protein fold families. The currently available allergen-antibody complexes are described and the experimentally obtained epitopes compared. Furthermore we discuss established methods for linear and conformational epitope mapping, putting special emphasis on a recently developed approach, which uses the structural similarity of proteins in combination with the experimental cross-reactivity data for epitope prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'antonia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- ACIB (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria.
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The Immunomodulatory Effect of You-Gui-Wan on Dermatogoides-pteronyssinus-Induced Asthma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:476060. [PMID: 22675381 PMCID: PMC3363355 DOI: 10.1155/2012/476060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine You-Gui-Wan (YGW) contains ten species of medicinal plants and has been used to improve health in remissive states of asthma for hundreds of years in Asia. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory mechanisms in vivo. Therefore, this study investigated the pathologic and immunologic responses to YGW in mice that had been repeatedly exposed to Dermatogoides-pteronyssinus (Der p). YGW reduced Der-p-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and total IgE in serum. It also inhibited eosinophil infiltration by downregulating the protein expression of IL-5 in serum and changed the Th2-bios in BALF by upregulating IL-12. Results of the collagen assay and histopathologic examination showed that YGW reduced airway remodeling in the lung. In addition, after YGW treatment there was a relative decrease in mRNA expression of TGF-β1, IL-13, eotaxin, RANTES, and MCP-1 in lung in the YGW group. The results of EMSA and immunohistochemistry revealed that YGW inhibited NF-κB expression in epithelial lung cells. YGW exerts its regulative effects in chronic allergic asthmatic mice via its anti-inflammatory activity and by inhibiting the progression of airway remodeling.
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Conrad ML, Renz H, Blaser K. Immunological approaches for tolerance induction in allergy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 352:1-26. [PMID: 21598104 DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allergy is the consequence of an inappropriate inflammatory immune response generated against harmless environmental antigens. In allergic disorders such as asthma and rhinitis, the Th2 mediated phenotype is a result of loss of peripheral tolerance mechanisms. In cases such as these, approaches such as immunotherapy attempt to treat the underlying cause of allergic disease by restoring tolerance. Immunotherapy initiates many complex mechanisms within the immune system that result in initiation of innate immunity, activation of both cellular and humoral B cell immunity, as well as triggering T regulatory subsets which are major players in the establishment of peripheral tolerance. Though studies clearly demonstrate immunotherapy to be efficacious, research to improve this treatment is ongoing. Investigation of allergenicity versus immunogenicity, native versus modified allergens, and the use of adjuvant and modality of dosing are all current strategies for immunotherapy advancement that will be reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Conrad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Biomedical Research Centre, Philipps University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Orchestrating house dust mite-associated allergy in the lung. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:402-11. [PMID: 21783420 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDM; Dermatophagoides sp.) are one of the commonest aeroallergens worldwide and up to 85% of asthmatics are typically HDM allergic. Allergenicity is associated both with the mites themselves and with ligands derived from mite-associated bacterial and fungal products. Murine models of allergic airways disease for asthma research have recently switched from the use of surrogate allergen ovalbumin together with adjuvant to use of the HDM extract. This has accelerated understanding of how adaptive and innate immunity generate downstream pathology. We review the myriad ways in which HDM allergic responses are orchestrated. Understanding the molecular pathways that elicit HDM-associated pathology is likely to reveal novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Zaborsky N, Brunner M, Wallner M, Himly M, Karl T, Schwarzenbacher R, Ferreira F, Achatz G. Antigen aggregation decides the fate of the allergic immune response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:725-35. [PMID: 19995902 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previously, defined naturally occurring isoforms of allergenic proteins were classified as hypoallergens and therefore suggested as an agent for immunotherapy in the future. In this paper, we report for the first time the molecular background of hypoallergenicity by comparing the immunological behavior of hyperallergenic Betula verrucosa major Ag 1a (Bet v 1a) and hypoallergenic Bet v 1d, two isoforms of the major birch pollen allergen Betula verrucosa 1. Despite their cross-reactivity, Bet v 1a and Bet v 1d differ in their capacity to induce protective Ab responses in BALB/c mice. Both isoforms induced similar specific IgE levels, but only Bet v 1d expressed relevant titers of serum IgGs and IgAs. Interestingly, hypoallergenic Bet v 1d activated dendritic cells more efficiently, followed by the production of increased amounts of Th1- as well as Th2-type cytokines. Surprisingly, compared with Bet v 1a, Bet v 1d-immunized mice showed a decreased proliferation of regulatory T cells. Crystallographic studies and dynamic light scattering revealed that Bet v 1d demonstrated a high tendency to form disulfide-linked aggregates due to a serine to cysteine exchange at residue 113. We conclude that aggregation of Bet v 1d triggers the establishment of a protective Ab titer and supports a rationale for Bet v 1d being a promising candidate for specific immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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