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Wang Q, Ni S, Ling L, Wang S, Xie H, Ren Z. Ginkgolide B Blocks Vascular Remodeling after Vascular Injury via Regulating Tgf β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:8848808. [PMID: 38125702 PMCID: PMC10732976 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8848808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease worldwide, resulting in myocardial infarction (MI) and even sudden death. Following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), restenosis caused by vascular remodeling is always formed at the stent implantation site. Here, we show that Ginkgolide B (GB), a naturally occurring terpene lactone, effectively suppresses vascular remodeling and subsequent restenosis in wild-type mice following left carotid artery (LCA) injury. Additional experiments reveal that GB exerts a protective effect on vascular remodeling and further restenosis through modulation of the Tgfβ1/Smad signaling pathway in vivo and in human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMAs) but not in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Moreover, the beneficial effect of GB is abolished after incubated with pirfenidone (PFD, a drug for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF), which can inhibit Tgfβ1. In Tgfβ1-/- mice, treatment with pirfenidone capsules and Yinxingneizhi Zhusheye (including Ginkgolide B) fails to improve vascular remodeling and restenosis. In conclusion, our data identify that GB could be a potential novel therapeutic agent to block vessel injury-associated vascular remodeling and further restenosis and show significant repression of Tgfβ1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Shuai Ni
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Li Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Hanbin Xie
- Collections Conservation Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum (Branch of Shanghai Science and Technology Museum), Shanghai 200041, China
| | - Zhanhong Ren
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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2
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Li Y, Tan W, Ye F, Wen S, Hu R, Cai X, Wang K, Wang Z. Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation: data from a microarray data analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520921671. [PMID: 32367757 PMCID: PMC7222654 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520921671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke is a severe complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to
discover key genes and microRNAs related to stroke risk in patients with AF
using bioinformatics analysis. Methods GSE66724 microarray data, including peripheral blood samples from eight
patients with AF and stroke and eight patients with AF without stroke, were
downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) between AF patients with and without stroke were
identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis was
performed using the DAVID database. A protein–protein interaction (PPI)
network was obtained using the STRING database. MicroRNAs (miRs) targeting
these DEGs were obtained from the miRNet database. A miR–DEG network was
constructed using Cytoscape software. Results We identified 165 DEGs (141 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Enrichment
analysis showed enrichment of certain inflammatory processes. The miR–DEG
network revealed key genes, including MEF2A,
CAND1, PELI1, and
PDCD4, and microRNAs, including miR-1, miR-1-3p,
miR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-192, miR-192-5p, miR-155, and miR-155-5p. Conclusion Dysregulation of certain genes and microRNAs involved in inflammation may be
associated with a higher risk of stroke in patients with AF. Evaluating
these biomarkers could improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of
stroke in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wulin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kebing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Wang JF, Huang Y, Lu SF, Hong H, Xu SJ, Xie JS, Wu ZY, Tang Y, Xu HX, Fu SP, Xi ZQ, Zhu BM. Comparative study of gene expression profiles rooted in acute myocardial infarction and ischemic/reperfusion rat models. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2020; 10:84-100. [PMID: 32685266 PMCID: PMC7364282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mining data in depth of genome-wide sequencing data generated from pathological target tissues under disease conditions is necessary for seeking novel functional genes, and developing more biological study directions for the field. Based on our previous published RNA-seq data generated from acute myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion in rat heart, we re-analysed these two data sets using bioinformatics tools. All these raw fastq files were extracted from Illumina BCL using the Illumina CASAVA program. Four groups were obtained: UD (genes up-regulated in MI but down-regulated in I/R injury), DU (genes down-regulated in MI but up-regulated in I/R injury), UU (genes both up-regulated in MI and I/R injury), and DD (genes both down-regulated in MI and I/R injury) groups. The results showed that 304 common genes in the UD group, 236 common genes in the DU group, 318 common genes in the UU group, and 159 common genes in the DD group detected by comparing data sets of the MI and the I/R injury. We then listed the top 30 DEGs for each group, and carried out GO and KEGG analyses for enrichment and pathway studies for those top expressed genes. Further analysis of INTERPRO Protein Domains and Features enriched by DEGs showed that 20% of the Domains enriched were related to c-type lectin, and 17% of these domains are related to neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel. 15% of PFAM Protein Domains were about Neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel. There were only 8 SMART Protein Domains DEGs enriched and 37.5% of which were concerned about leucine-rich. Collagen involvement in Reactome Pathways accounted for 22.7%. We found that only a few DEGs in these two disease conditions have been reported in the literatures, suggesting that there are many new genes would be considered in the future studies. These analyses would provide some information for seeking more novel targets of these two clinic diseases, acute myocardial ischemia and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Wang
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Feng Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hong
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Juan Xu
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Song Xie
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhou-Ye Wu
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Cardiology Department, Jinling HospitalNanjing 210002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hou-Xi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ping Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Qing Xi
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Mei Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, P. R. China
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4
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Li Y, Cho H, Wang F, Canela-Xandri O, Luo C, Rawlik K, Archacki S, Xu C, Tenesa A, Chen Q, Wang QK. Statistical and Functional Studies Identify Epistasis of Cardiovascular Risk Genomic Variants From Genome-Wide Association Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014146. [PMID: 32237974 PMCID: PMC7428625 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Epistasis describes how gene‐gene interactions affect phenotypes, and could have a profound impact on human diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD). The goal of this study was to identify gene‐gene interactions in CAD using an easily generalizable multi‐stage approach. Methods and Results Our forward genetic approach consists of multiple steps that combine statistical and functional approaches, and analyze information from global gene expression profiling, functional interactions, and genetic interactions to robustly identify gene‐gene interactions. Global gene expression profiling shows that knockdown of ANRIL (DQ485454) at 9p21.3 GWAS (genome‐wide association studies) CAD locus upregulates TMEM100 and TMEM106B. Functional studies indicate that the increased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and transendothelial migration of monocytes, 2 critical processes in the initiation of CAD, by ANRIL knockdown are reversed by knockdown of TMEM106B, but not of TMEM100. Furthermore, the decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and transendothelial migration of monocytes induced by ANRIL overexpression was reversed by overexpressing TMEM106B. TMEM106B expression was upregulated by >2‐fold in CAD coronary arteries. A significant association was found between variants in TMEM106B (but not in TMEM100) and CAD (P=1.9×10−8). Significant gene‐gene interaction was detected between ANRIL variant rs2383207 and TMEM106B variant rs3807865 (P=0.009). A similar approach also identifies significant interaction between rs6903956 in ADTRP and rs17465637 in MIA3 (P=0.005). Conclusions We demonstrate 2 pairs of epistatic interactions between GWAS loci for CAD and offer important insights into the genetic architecture and molecular mechanisms for the pathogenesis of CAD. Our strategy has broad applicability to the identification of epistasis in other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Li
- College of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu Province P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH
| | - Hyosuk Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH
| | - Oriol Canela-Xandri
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the MRC IGMM Western General Hospital University of Edinburgh United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus Midlothian Edinburgh Scotland
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- The Roslin Institute Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus Midlothian Edinburgh Scotland
| | - Stephen Archacki
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Albert Tenesa
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the MRC IGMM Western General Hospital University of Edinburgh United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus Midlothian Edinburgh Scotland
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH.,Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH
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Paraoxonase 3: Structure and Its Role in Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120817. [PMID: 31816846 PMCID: PMC6995636 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spanning three decades in research, Paraoxonases (PON1) carried potential of dealing with neurotoxicity of organophosphates entering the circulation and preventing cholinergic crisis. In the past few years, the Paraoxonase multigene family (PON1, PON2, PON3) has been shown to play an important role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease (CAD). The PON genes are clustered in tandem on the long arm of human chromosome 7 (q21, 22). All of them have been shown to act as antioxidants. Of them, PON3 is the least studied member as its exact physiological substrate is still not clear. This has further led to limitation in our understanding of its role in pathogenesis of CAD and development of the potential therapeutic agents which might modulate its activity, expression in circulation and tissues. In the present review, we discuss the structure and activity of human PON3 enzyme and its Single nucleotide variants that could potentially lead to new clinical strategies in prevention and treatment of CAD.
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6
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Malakar AK, Choudhury D, Halder B, Paul P, Uddin A, Chakraborty S. A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16812-16823. [PMID: 30790284 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases affecting the global human population. This disease has been proved to be the major cause of death in both the developed and developing countries. Lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic factors pose as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of risk factors among healthy individuals elucidates the probable occurrence of CAD in near future. Genome-wide association studies have suggested the association of chromosome 9p21.3 in the premature onset of CAD. The risk factors of CAD include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, homocystinuria, and psychosocial stress. The eradication and management of CAD has been established through extensive studies and trials. Antiplatelet agents, nitrates, β-blockers, calcium antagonists, and ranolazine are some of the few therapeutic agents used for the relief of symptomatic angina associated with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Kr Malakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Binata Halder
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Prosenjit Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Arif Uddin
- Department of Zoology, Moinul Hoque Choudhury Memorial Science College, Hailakandi, Assam, India
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7
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Luo C, Pook E, Tang B, Zhang W, Li S, Leineweber K, Cheung SH, Chen Q, Bechem M, Hu JS, Laux V, Wang QK. Androgen inhibits key atherosclerotic processes by directly activating ADTRP transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017. [PMID: 28645652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Low androgen levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), thrombosis and myocardial infarction (MI), suggesting that androgen has a protective role. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Our genome-wide association study identified the ADTRP gene encoding the androgen-dependent TFPI regulating protein as a susceptibility gene for CAD and MI. The expression level of ADTRP was regulated by androgen, but the molecular mechanism is unknown. In this study, we identified the molecular mechanism by which androgen regulates ADTRP expression and tested the hypothesis that androgen plays a protective role in cardiovascular disease by activating ADTRP expression. Luciferase assays with an ADTRP promoter luciferase reporter revealed that androgen regulated ADTRP transcription in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the effect was abolished by three different androgen inhibitors, including pyrvinium pamoate, bicalutamide, and cyproterone acetate. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation showed that the androgen receptor bound to a half androgen response element (ARE, TGTTCT) located at +324bp from the ADTRP transcription start site. The ARE is required for concentration-dependent transcriptional activation of ADTRP. HL-60 monocyte adhesion to EAhy926 endothelial cells (ECs) and transmigration across the EC layer, the two processes critical to development of CAD and MI, were inhibited by androgen, but the effect was rescued by ADTRP siRNA and exacerbated by overexpression of ADTRP and its downstream genes PIK3R3 and MIA3. These data suggest that one molecular mechanism by which androgen confers protection against CAD is stimulation of ADTRP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | | | - Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Bayer Healthcare Co Ltd, Innovation Center China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | | | - Shing-Hu Cheung
- Bayer Healthcare Co Ltd, Innovation Center China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Jing-Shan Hu
- Bayer Healthcare Co Ltd, Innovation Center China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Volker Laux
- Bayer AG, Drug Discovery, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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8
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Weng J, Wang C, Zhong W, Li B, Wang Z, Shao C, Chen Y, Yan J. Activation of CD137 Signaling Promotes Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis via Modulating Endothelial Smad1/5-NFATc1 Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004756. [PMID: 28288971 PMCID: PMC5524009 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Excessive angiogenesis is a key feature of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, and is considered an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. CD137 signaling has previously been shown to be involved in atherosclerosis. However, the possible role of CD137 signaling in regulating angiogenesis has not been reported. Methods and Results Apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice were used as the in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Masson and immunohistochemical analysis of atherosclerotic plaques and Matrigel plug assay were used to evaluate the angiogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells were used as in vitro and ex vivo models to study how CD137 signaling affects angiogenesis. Matrigel tube formation assay, mouse aortic ring angiogenesis assay, and migration and proliferation assay were employed to assess angiogenesis. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. We found increased neovessel formation in atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE−/− mice treated with agonist anti‐CD137 antibody. Activation of CD137 signaling induced angiogenesis, endothelial proliferation, and endothelial cell migration. CD137 signaling activates the pro‐angiogenic Smad1/5 pathway, induces the phosphorylation of Smad1/5 and nuclear translocation of p‐Smad1/5, which in turn promotes the expression and translocation of NFATc1. Blocking CD137 signaling with inhibitory anti‐CD137 antibody could inhibit this activation and attenuated agonist anti‐CD137 antibody‐induced angiogenesis. Conclusions These findings suggest that CD137 signaling is a new regulator of angiogenesis by modulating the Smad1/5‐NFATc1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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9
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Rather RA, Dhawan V. Genetic markers: Potential candidates for cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:914-23. [PMID: 27416153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effective prevention of cardiovascular disease depends upon the ability to recognize the high-risk individuals at an early stage of the disease or long before the development of adverse events. Evolving technologies in the fields of proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics have played a significant role in the discovery of cardiovascular biomarkers, but so far these methods have achieved the modest success. Hence, there is a crucial need for more reliable, suitable, and lasting diagnostic and therapeutic markers to screen the disease well in time to start the clinical aid to the patients. Gene polymorphisms associated with the cardiovascular disease play a decisive role in the disease onset. Therefore, the genetic marker evaluation to classify high-risk patients from low-risk patients trends an effective approach to patient management and care. Currently, there are no genetic markers available for extensive adoption as risk factors for coronary vascular disease, yet, there are numerous promising, biologically acceptable candidates. Many of these gene biomarkers, alone or in combination, can play an essential role in the prediction of cardiovascular risk. The present review highlights some putative emerging genetic biomarkers that could facilitate more authentic and fast diagnosis of CVD. This review also briefly describes few technological approaches employed in the biomarker search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Ahmad Rather
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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10
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Abstract
Acute coronary artery syndrome in the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries, and its epidemiological burden is also constantly increasing worldwide, including Asia. Due to social and economic consequences, a number of experimental and epidemiological studies have analyzed its etiology so far, in order to develop effective preventive and treatment measures. Thanks to these studies, it is now clear that coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex multifactorial disorder, resulting from close interaction between acquired and inherited risk factors. In particular, considerable advances were made in the last decade about our understanding of the genetic causes of CAD, mainly propelled by the progresses in whole genome scanning and the development of genome wide association studies. This narrative review is hence dedicated to explore the role of genetic factors in the risk of developing acute CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Franchini
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy
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11
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Luo C, Wang F, Qin S, Chen Q, Wang QK. Coronary artery disease susceptibility gene ADTRP regulates cell cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis by global gene expression regulation. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:554-64. [PMID: 27235449 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADTRP gene encodes the androgen-dependent TFPI-regulating protein and is a susceptibility gene for contrary artery disease (CAD). We performed global gene expression profiling for ADTRP knock-down using microarrays in human HepG2 cells. Follow-up real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that ADTRP knock-down regulates a diverse set of genes, including upregulation of seven histone genes, downregulation of multiple cell cycle genes (CCND1, CDK4, and CDKN1A), and upregulation of apoptosis genes (CASP7 and PDCD2) in HepG2 cells and endothelial cells. Consistently, ADTRP increases the number of S phase cells during cell cycle, promotes cell proliferation, and inhibits apoptosis. Our study provides novel insights into the function of ADTRP and biological pathways involving ADTRP, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Subo Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qing K Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Xu DL, Tian HL, Cai WL, Zheng J, Gao M, Zhang MX, Zheng ZT, Lu QH. Novel 6-bp deletion in MEF2A linked to premature coronary artery disease in a large Chinese family. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:649-54. [PMID: 27221044 PMCID: PMC4918543 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic defect responsible for familial coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction (CAD/MI), which exhibited an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, in an extended Chinese Han pedigree containing 34 members. Using exome and Sanger sequencing, a novel 6-base pair (bp) 'CAGCCG' deletion in exon 11 of the myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) gene was identified, which cosegregated with CAD/MI cases in this family. This 6-bp deletion was not detected in 311 sporadic cases of premature CAD/MI or in 323 unrelated healthy controls. Determination of a genetic risk profile has a key role in understanding the pathogenesis of CAD and MI. Among the reported risk conferring genes and their variants, mutations in MEF2A have been reported to segregate with CAD/MI in Caucasian families. Causative missense mutations have also been detected in sporadic CAD/MI cases. However, this suggested genetic linkage is controversial, since it could not be confirmed by ensuing studies. The discovery of a novel MEF2A mutation in a Chinese family with premature CAD/MI suggests that MEF2A may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of premature CAD/MI. To better understand this association, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ling Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Li Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Tong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Yue JK, Pronger AM, Ferguson AR, Temkin NR, Sharma S, Rosand J, Sorani MD, McAllister TW, Barber J, Winkler EA, Burchard EG, Hu D, Lingsma HF, Cooper SR, Puccio AM, Okonkwo DO, Diaz-Arrastia R, Manley GT. Association of a common genetic variant within ANKK1 with six-month cognitive performance after traumatic brain injury. Neurogenetics 2015; 16:169-80. [PMID: 25633559 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-015-0437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic association analyses suggest that certain common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may adversely impact recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Delineating their causal relationship may aid in development of novel interventions and in identifying patients likely to respond to targeted therapies. We examined the influence of the (C/T) SNP rs1800497 of ANKK1 on post-TBI outcome using data from two prospective multicenter studies: the Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment (COBRIT) trial and Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot (TRACK-TBI Pilot). We included patients with ANKK1 genotyping results and cognitive outcomes at six months post-TBI (n = 492: COBRIT n = 272, TRACK-TBI Pilot n = 220). Using the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition (CVLT-II) Trial 1-5 Standard Score, we found a dose-dependent effect for the T allele, with T/T homozygotes scoring lowest on the CVLT-II Trial 1-5 Standard Score (T/T 45.1, C/T 51.1, C/C 52.1, ANOVA, p = 0.008). Post hoc testing with multiple comparison-correction indicated that T/T patients performed significantly worse than C/T and C/C patients. Similar effects were observed in a test of non-verbal processing (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Processing Speed Index). Our findings extend those of previous studies reporting a negative relationship of the ANKK1 T allele with cognitive performance after TBI. In this study, we demonstrate the value of pooling shared clinical, biomarker, and outcome variables from two large datasets applying the NIH TBI Common Data Elements. The results have implications for future multicenter investigations to further elucidate the role of ANKK1 in post-TBI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Yue
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Gao H, Li L, Rao S, Shen G, Xi Q, Chen S, Zhang Z, Wang K, Ellis SG, Chen Q, Topol EJ, Wang QK. Genome-wide linkage scan identifies two novel genetic loci for coronary artery disease: in GeneQuest families. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113935. [PMID: 25485937 PMCID: PMC4259362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified >50 common variants associated with CAD or its complication myocardial infarction (MI), but collectively they account for <20% of heritability, generating a phenomena of “missing heritability”. Rare variants with large effects may account for a large portion of missing heritability. Genome-wide linkage studies of large families and follow-up fine mapping and deep sequencing are particularly effective in identifying rare variants with large effects. Here we show results from a genome-wide linkage scan for CAD in multiplex GeneQuest families with early onset CAD and MI. Whole genome genotyping was carried out with 408 markers that span the human genome by every 10 cM and linkage analyses were performed using the affected relative pair analysis implemented in GENEHUNTER. Affected only nonparametric linkage (NPL) analysis identified two novel CAD loci with highly significant evidence of linkage on chromosome 3p25.1 (peak NPL = 5.49) and 3q29 (NPL = 6.84). We also identified four loci with suggestive linkage on 9q22.33, 9q34.11, 17p12, and 21q22.3 (NPL = 3.18–4.07). These results identify novel loci for CAD and provide a framework for fine mapping and deep sequencing to identify new susceptibility genes and novel variants associated with risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiang Gao
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology and School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Gongqing Shen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Quansheng Xi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Shenghan Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Stephen G. Ellis
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Topol
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California, 92037, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EJT); (QKW)
| | - Qing K. Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (EJT); (QKW)
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Zhang LW, Li JP, Duan FF, Liu ZK, Zhan SY, Hu YH, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Huo Y, Chen DF. Interaction of type 2 diabetes mellitus with chromosome 9p21 rs10757274 polymorphism on the risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study in Chinese population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:170. [PMID: 25430018 PMCID: PMC4255939 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious complication of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Previous studies have identified genetic variants on chromosome 9p21 and 6p24 that are associated with CAD, but further studies need to be conducted to investigate whether these genetic variants are associated with the pathogenesis of MI. We therefore performed this study to assess the association between the risk of MI and SNP rs10757274 on chromosome 9p21 and SNP rs6903956 on chromosome 6p24, and to explore the gene-environment interactions in a Chinese population. Methods A hospital-based case–control study, consisting of 502 MI patients and 308 controls, was conducted in a Chinese population. Demographic, behavioral information and clinical characteristics were collected, and genotyping of the two SNPs was performed using single base primer extension genotyping technology. The unconditional logistic regression (ULR) method was adopted to assess the association of the two SNPs with MI risk. Both generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and ULR methods were applied to explore the effect of gene-environment interactions on the risk of MI. Results After adjusting for covariates, it was observed that SNP rs10757274 on chromosome 9p21 was significantly associated with MI. Compared with subjects carrying the AA genotype, subjects carrying the GA or GG genotypes had a higher MI risk (ORa = 1.52, 95% CI:1.06–2.19, pa = 0.0227; ORa = 2.40, 95% CI:1.51–3.81, pa = 0.0002, respectively). Furthermore, a two-factor gene-environment interaction model of CDKN2A/B (rs10757274) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was identified to be the best model by GMDR (p = 0.0107), with a maximum prediction accuracy of 59.18%, and a maximum Cross-validation Consistency of 10/10. By using the ULR method, additive interaction analysis found that the combined effect resulted in T2DM-positive subjects with genotype GG/GA having an MI risk 4.38 times that of T2DM-negative subjects with genotype AA (ORadd = 4.38, 95% CI:2.56–7.47, padd < 0.0001). Conclusions These results show that gene polymorphism of CDKN2A/B (rs10757274) is associated with MI risk in a Chinese population. Furthermore, T2DM is likely to have an interaction with CDKN2A/B (rs10757274) that contributes to the risk of MI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-170) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-ping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Inanloo Rahatloo K, Davaran S, Elahi E. Lack of Association between the MEF2A Gene and Coronary Artery Disease in Iranian Families. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 16:950-4. [PMID: 24106602 PMCID: PMC3786110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Coronary artery disease (CAD) which may lead to myocardial infarction (MI) is a complex one. Great effort has been devoted to identification of genes that increase susceptibility to CAD or provide protection. A 21-bp deletion in the MEF2A gene, which encodes a member of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 family of transcription factors, has been reported in patients of a single pedigree that exhibited autosomal-dominant inheritance of CAD. Subsequent analysis of genetic variants within the gene in CAD and MI case-control settings produced inconsistent results. Here, we aimed at assessing the contribution of MEF2A to CAD in a cohort of Iranian CAD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exon 11 of MEF2A wherein the above mentioned 21-bp deletion and a polyglutamine (CAG)n polymorphism are positioned was sequenced by the dideoxy-nucleotide termination protocol. In 52 CAD patients from 12 families (3-7 affected members per family) and 76 Iranian control individuals. All exons of the gene were sequenced in 10 patients and 10 controls. RESULTS The 21-bp deletion was observed neither among the patients nor the control individuals. Four alleles of the polyglutamine (CAG)n polymorphism were found, but there were no significant differences in allelic frequencies between patients and controls. Sequencing of all exons of MEF2A revealed the presence of 12 novel sequence variations in introns and flanking regions of MEF2A gene, not associated with disease status. CONCLUSION Our data do not support a role for MEF2A in coronary artery disease in the Iranian patients studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, University College of Science, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Elahe Elahi. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Tayebi N, Ke T, Foo JN, Friedlander Y, Liu J, Heng CK. Association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs6903956 on chromosome 6p24.1 with coronary artery disease and lipid levels in different ethnic groups of the Singaporean population. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:755-9. [PMID: 23337689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent genome wide association study in the Chinese population has implicated rs6903956 within the ADTRP gene on chromosome 6p24.1 as a novel susceptibility locus for coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we evaluated the association of rs6903956 with CAD in the different ethnic groups of Singaporean population comprising Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians. DESIGN AND METHODS The genotypes of the rs6903956 SNP were determined in 645 CAD patients and 755 control group Singaporean subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). We then tested the association of this SNP with CAD and lipid profiles. RESULTS The risk allele A of rs6903956 was associated significantly only in the Chinese with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.03 (95% CI 1.04-3.96, P=0.037) when analyzed by each ethnic group separately. In a meta-analysis with pooled subjects from all three ethnic groups, rs6903956 showed highly significant association with CAD both before (observed P=1.39e-04; OR=1.66; 95% CI 1.28-2.15) and after adjustment (P=4.63e-03; OR=1.86; 95% CI 1.21-2.87) for conventional risk factors of age, gender, BMI, smoking status and ethnicity. No significant association was observed between rs6903956 genotypes and lipid profiles in Chinese, Malays and Indians, suggesting that the association of this SNP with CAD is not mediated through plasma lipids. CONCLUSION The SNP rs6903956 within the ADTRP gene on chromosome 6p24.1 is significantly associated with CAD in different ethnic groups of the Singaporean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeimeh Tayebi
- Human Genetics group, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
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Wang AZ, Li L, Zhang B, Shen GQ, Wang QK. Association of SNP rs17465637 on chromosome 1q41 and rs599839 on 1p13.3 with myocardial infarction in an American caucasian population. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 75:475-82. [PMID: 21463265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of SNPs that were significantly associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (MI). However, many independent replication studies in other populations are needed to unequivocally confirm the GWAS association. To assess GWAS association, we have established a case-control cohort consisting of 1231 well-characterised MI patients and 560 controls without detectable coronary stenosis, all selected from the Cleveland Genebank population. The Genebank cohort has sufficient power to detect the association between MI and four GWAS SNPs, including rs17465637 within the MIA3 gene, rs2943634 (intergenic), rs6922269 in MTHFD1L, and rs599839 near SORT1. SNPs were genotyped by TaqMan assays and follow-up multivariate logistic regression analysis with incorporation of significant covariates showed significant association with MI for MIA3 SNP rs17465637 (P-adj= 0.0034) and SORT1 SNP rs599839 (P-adj= 0.009). The minor allele G of rs599839 was also associated with a decreased LDL-C level of 5-9 mg/dL per allele, but not with HDL-C or triglyceride levels. No association for MI or lipid levels was found for SNPs rs2943634 and rs6922269 (P-adj > 0.05). Our results establish two SNPs, rs17465637 in MIA3 and rs599839 near SORT1 as significant risk factors for MI in the American Genebank Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Z Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Bayesian semiparametric meta-analysis for genetic association studies. Genet Epidemiol 2011; 35:333-40. [DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dai DP, Zhou XY, Xiao Y, Xu F, Sun FC, Ji FS, Zhang ZX, Hu JH, Guo J, Zheng JD, Dong JM, Zhu WG, Shen Y, Qian YJ, He Q, Cai JP. Structural changes in exon 11 of MEF2A are not related to sporadic coronary artery disease in Han Chinese population. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:669-77. [PMID: 20546016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mutation in MEF2A (myocyte enhancer factor-2A) had been reported to be the first gene linked directly to coronary artery disease (CAD). However, an opposing opinion was proposed recently that MEF2A mutations are not a common cause of sporadic CAD. In this study, we screened exon 11 of the MEF2A gene in people of the Han nationality in China and finished some functional analysis of found variations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A gene structural investigation of MEF2A in 257 CAD patients and 154 control individuals were developed in this study. Subsequently, typical MEF2A variations were cloned and expressed in HeLa or 293T cell line to illustrate whether found structure changes could influence the main biological functions of these proteins. At last, another set of gene structural screen was initialized to get more reliable conclusions. RESULTS Totally 16 different variations were detected in exon 11 of this gene in the first set of gene structural screen. By cloning and expressing typical MEF2A proteins in cultured cells, all the acquired MEF2A variations had transcriptional activation capabilities and subcellular localization patterns similar to those of the wild-type protein. Further larger scale genetic screening also revealed that the reported genetic variations of MEF2A did not differ significantly between CAD patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that structural changes of exon 11 in MEF2A are not involved in sporadic CAD in the Han population of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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Wang YC, Chen CC, Zhang WD, Zhang SK, Chang FH, Hsu LS. The 252A/G and 804C/A Polymorphisms of Lymphotoxin-alphais Associated to Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Taiwan. Lab Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1309/lm6nprvf05sjbavq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Zintzaras E, Rodopoulou P, Sakellaridis N. Variants of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene and risk of stroke: a HuGE gene-disease association review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169:523-32. [PMID: 19126581 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene have been implicated as a risk factor for stroke. However, genetic association studies that have examined the association between ALOX5AP gene variants (HapA haplotype, HapB haplotype, and SG polymorphisms) and stroke have produced conflicting results. Therefore, the authors performed a meta-analysis of all studies with ALOX5AP genotyping (5,194 stroke cases and 4,566 controls). The meta-analysis showed significant heterogeneity among studies (P(Q) = 0.03, I(2) = 63%) and a nonsignificant association between the HapA haplotype (SG13S25G-SG13S114T-SG13S89G-SG13S32A) and stroke risk (random-effects (RE) odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88, 1.45). Regarding the HapB haplotype (SG13S377A-SG13S114A-SG13S41A-SG13S35G), there was no association with stroke risk (RE OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.37). The SG13S114, SG13S89, SG13S25, SG13S32, SG13S35, and SG13S42 polymorphisms were not associated with stroke. The SG13S106 and SG13S377 polymorphisms revealed evidence of marginal association (RE OR = 1.23 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.46) and RE OR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.50), respectively). However, cumulative meta-analysis for the HapA haplotype showed a downward trend of odds ratios over time, and recursive cumulative meta-analysis indicated insufficient evidence for claiming or denying an association. Tests for bias revealed no evidence of biases. Rigorous genetic association studies investigating gene-gene-environment interactions may generate more conclusive claims about the genetics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Zintzaras
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece.
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El-Sherif N, Khan A, Savarese J, Turitto G. Sudden Cardiac Death and Coronary Artery Disease-Pathophysiology and Risk Stratification. J Arrhythm 2009. [DOI: 10.4020/jhrs.25.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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EI-Sherif N, Khan A, Savarese J, Turitto G. Sudden Cardiac Death and Coronary Artery Disease —Pathophysiology and Risk Stratification. J Arrhythm 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1880-4276(09)80010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Szolnoki Z, Maasz A, Magyari L, Horvatovich K, Farago B, Kondacs A, Bodor A, Hadarits F, Orosz P, Ille A, Melegh B. Galectin-2 3279TT variant protects against the lymphotoxin-alpha 252GG genotype associated ischaemic stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2008; 111:227-30. [PMID: 19013708 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2008.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The galectin-2 protein is presumed to play a regulatory role in the intracellular trafficking of the lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) cytokine. LTA is a pro-inflammatory factor, its 252GG homozygote variant is considered as a susceptibility factor for arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. By contrast, the galectin-2-encoding gene LGALS2 3279TT homozygote variant has been demonstrated to exert protection against myocardial infarction by reducing the transcriptional level of galectin-2, thereby leading to a reduced extracellular secretion of LTA. METHODS In the present study, we examined whether the LGALS2 3279TT homozygote variant alone can influence the prevalence of ischaemic stroke, and whether it can interact somehow with the disadvantageous LTA 252GG homozygote variant. Genetic and clinical data of 385 ischemic stroke patients and 303 stroke and neuroimaging alteration-free controls were analysed. RESULTS The combination of the LGALS2 3279TT and LTA 252GG homozygote was significantly less frequent in the ischemic stroke group (1.56%) than in the controls (5.94%, p<0.00187; overall stroke group: crude OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.1-0.64; adjusted OR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.025-0.71). CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests a gene-gene interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szolnoki
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Pandy Kalman County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary.
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Palacín M, Rodríguez I, García-Castro M, Ortega F, Reguero JR, López-Larrea C, Morís C, Alvarez V, Coto E. A search for cyclophilin-A gene (PPIA) variation and its contribution to the risk of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:159-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Lieb W, Mayer B, König IR, Borwitzky I, Götz A, Kain S, Hengstenberg C, Linsel-Nitschke P, Fischer M, Döring A, Wichmann HE, Meitinger T, Kreutz R, Ziegler A, Schunkert H, Erdmann J. Lack of association between the MEF2A gene and myocardial infarction. Circulation 2007; 117:185-91. [PMID: 18086930 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.728485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) are caused in part by genetic factors. Recently, the MEF2A gene was linked to MI/CAD in a single pedigree with autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance. In addition, genetic variants within the gene have been associated with MI in case-control settings, producing inconsistent results. METHODS AND RESULTS The MEF2A gene was sequenced in MI patients from 23 MI families (> or =5 affected members per family), but no mutation was identified in any of these extended families. Moreover, the Pro279Leu variant in exon 7 was analyzed in 1181 unrelated MI patients with a positive family history for MI/CAD, in 533 patients with sporadic MI, and in 2 control populations (n=1021 and n=1055), showing no evidence for association with MI/CAD. In addition, a (CAG)n repeat in exon 11 was genotyped in 543 sporadic MI patients and in 1190 controls without evidence for association with MI. Finally, analyzing 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from the GeneChip Mapping 500K Array, genotyped in 1644 controls and 753 cases, failed to provide evidence for association (region-wide P=0.23). CONCLUSIONS Studying independent samples of >1700 MI patients, 2 large control populations, and multiple families with apparently mendelian inheritance of the disease, we found no evidence for any linkage or association signal in the MEF2A gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lieb
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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28
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Shen GQ, Rao S, Martinelli N, Li L, Olivieri O, Corrocher R, Abdullah KG, Hazen SL, Smith J, Barnard J, Plow EF, Girelli D, Wang QK. Association between four SNPs on chromosome 9p21 and myocardial infarction is replicated in an Italian population. J Hum Genet 2007; 53:144-150. [PMID: 18066490 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Qing Shen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Oliviero Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Corrocher
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Smith
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John Barnard
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Qing K Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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29
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Shen GQ, Li L, Rao S, Abdullah KG, Ban JM, Lee BS, Park JE, Wang QK. Four SNPs on chromosome 9p21 in a South Korean population implicate a genetic locus that confers high cross-race risk for development of coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 28:360-5. [PMID: 18048766 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.157248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent genome-wide association studies have identified 4 SNPs on chromosome 9p21 associated with CAD (rs10757274 and rs2383206) and myocardial infarction (MI: rs2383207 and rs10757278) in White populations in Northern Europe and North America. We aimed to determine whether this locus confers significant susceptibility to CAD in a South Korean population, and thus cross-race susceptibility to CAD. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a case-control association study with 611 unrelated CAD patients and 294 normal controls from South Korea. Allelic associations of SNPs and SNP haplotypes with CAD were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to adjust effects of clinical covariates. We found that 4 SNPs on chromosome 9p21 were associated with susceptibility to CAD in a South Korean population. The association remained significant after adjusting for significant clinical covariates (P=0.001 to 0.024). We identified one risk haplotype (GGGG; P=0.017) and one protective haplotype (AAAA; P=0.007) for development of CAD. Further analysis suggested that the SNPs probably confer susceptibility to CAD in a dominance model (covariates-adjusted P=0.001 to 0.024; OR=2.37 to 1.54). This represents the first study that expands association of these 9p21 SNPs with CAD beyond White populations. CONCLUSIONS Chromosome 9p21 is an important susceptibility locus that confers high cross-race risk for development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Qing Shen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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30
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Shen GQ, Li L, Girelli D, Seidelmann SB, Rao S, Fan C, Park JE, Xi Q, Li J, Hu Y, Olivieri O, Marchant K, Barnard J, Corrocher R, Elston R, Cassano J, Henderson S, Hazen SL, Plow EF, Topol EJ, Wang QK. An LRP8 variant is associated with familial and premature coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:780-91. [PMID: 17847002 PMCID: PMC2227927 DOI: 10.1086/521581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous genomewide linkage scan of 428 nuclear families (GeneQuest) identified a significant genetic susceptibility locus for premature myocardial infarction (MI) on chromosome 1p34-36. We analyzed candidate genes in the locus with a population-based association study involving probands with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or MI from the GeneQuest families (381 cases) and 560 controls without stenosis detectable by coronary angiography. A nonconservative substitution, R952Q, in LRP8 was significantly associated with susceptibility to premature CAD and/or MI by use of both population-based and family-based designs. Three additional white populations were used for follow-up replication studies: another independent cohort of CAD- and/or MI-affected families (GeneQuest II: 441 individuals from 22 pedigrees), an Italian cohort with familial MI (248 cases) and 308 Italian controls, and a separate Cleveland GeneBank cohort with sporadic MI (1,231 cases) and 560 controls. The association was significantly replicated in two independent populations with a family history of CAD and/or MI, the GeneQuest II family-based replication cohort and the Italian cohort, but not in the population with sporadic disease. The R952Q variant of LRP8 increased activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. This extensive study, involving multiple independent populations, provides the first evidence that genetic variants in LRP8 may contribute to the development of premature and familial CAD and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Qing Shen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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31
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Abstract
In the last decade, the identification of enzymes that regulate acetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins has revealed the key role of dynamic acetylation and deacetylation in various cellular processes. Mammalian histone deacetylases (HDACs), which catalyse the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues, are grouped into three classes, on the basis of similarity to yeast counterparts. An abundance of experimental evidence has established class IIa HDACs as crucial transcriptional regulators of various developmental and differentiation processes. In the past 5 years, a tremendous effort has been dedicated to characterizing the regulation of these enzymes. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries in the field and discuss the molecular and structural determinants of class IIa HDACs regulation. Finally, we emphasize that comprehension of the mechanisms underlying class IIa HDAC functions is essential for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martin
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Unit, FUSAGx, Gembloux, Belgium
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32
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Miller DT, Ridker PM, Libby P, Kwiatkowski DJ. Atherosclerosis: the path from genomics to therapeutics. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49:1589-1599. [PMID: 17433948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent rapid advances in genomic tools and techniques hold great promise for transforming the practice of cardiovascular medicine. Resources including the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap project, major technological advances in high-throughput genotyping and methods of statistical analysis, and methods for high-throughput gene expression and small molecule profiling allow researchers to confront issues that will fundamentally change the practice of cardiovascular medicine during the 21st century. Genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies of complex cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis will bridge epidemiology and basic biology, and promise increased understanding of cardiovascular disease processes. Genetic approaches applied to atherosclerosis will continue to identify genes and pathways involved in the predisposition to and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Gene expression profiling refines our understanding of the dynamic nature of the atherosclerotic vascular wall and promises discovery and validation of targets for therapeutic intervention. Opportunities to translate genetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic information into cardiovascular clinical practice have never been greater, but their fruition requires validation in large independent cohorts, achieved only through collaborative effort. Their continued success will depend on ongoing cooperation within the cardiovascular research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Miller
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center on Atherosclerosis at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center on Atherosclerosis at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center on Atherosclerosis at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts..
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center on Atherosclerosis at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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33
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Shen GQ, Luo A, Wang QK. High-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping: TaqMan assay and pyrosequencing assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 128:209-24. [PMID: 17071998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-159-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are DNA sequence variations that occur at a single base in the genome sequence. SNPs are valuable markers for identifying genes responsible for susceptibility to common diseases, and in some cases, they are the causes of human diseases. A genetic study of a complex disease usually involves a case-control association study that requires genotyping of a large number of SNPs in hundreds of patients (cases) and matched controls. A significant difference of the allele frequency or genotypic frequency of a SNP between the two populations is considered to be the evidence for the association between the SNP and disease. A key to a fast and effective case-control association study requires high-throughput genotyping of SNPs. Two assays-the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay and the pyrosequencing assay-have been developed for this purpose and proven to be particularly useful. Here, we present the operative protocol, clarify the key technical issues, and highlight certain cautionary notes for high throughput SNP genotyping using TaqMan and pyrosequencing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Qing Shen
- Center for Molecular Genetics, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA
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34
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Zee RYL, Brophy VH, Cheng S, Hegener HH, Erlich HA, Ridker PM. Polymorphisms of the Phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-Specific (
PDE4D
) Gene and Risk of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2006; 37:2012-7. [PMID: 16825591 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000230608.56048.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
In an Icelandic population, gene variants of the phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific (
PDE4D
) gene were reported to be risk predictors for ischemic stroke. Case–control studies in other populations have yielded mixed evidence for association. A recent analysis in a prospective, non-Icelandic study found an association with stroke after stratification by hypertension.
Methods—
We evaluated nine
PDE4D
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 259 incident ischemic stroke cases and 259 controls were matched on age and smoking status and length of follow up since randomization, all drawn from initially healthy white males within the Physicians’ Health Study cohort who were prospectively followed for first-ever stroke events.
Results—
Genotype and allele distributions were similar between cases and controls. Results from single-marker conditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for traditional stroke risk factors showed significant association of SNP56 with risk of ischemic stroke (recessive odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 4.61;
P
=0.03). Among the participants without baseline hypertension, SNP42 (additive OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.86,
P
=0.06), SNP45 (dominant odds ratio, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.00 to 5.00,
P
=0.05), and SNP56 (additive odds ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.10,
P
=0.04) showed modest association with increased risk of ischemic stroke.
Conclusions—
We found modest associations between several
PDE4D
gene polymorphisms and risk of incident ischemic stroke in men without baseline hypertension in this prospective, non-Icelandic study. Although of borderline statistical significance, the direction and magnitude of the effect for SNP42 parallels that observed in a recent study evaluating women from an independent, nested case–control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y L Zee
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Abstract
Although an approximate 13 million individuals in the United States are known to have coronary artery disease (CAD), only a small percentage of them develop unstable CAD each year. About 500,000 to 1 million people present annually with an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), some of whom had never been diagnosed with CAD. The known etiology of coronary occlusion is the disruption of the atherosclerotic plaque within the vascular wall, and vascular inflammation is thought to lead to this disruption. Since many patients with CAD never suffer an myocardial infarction, the question then becomes why does inflammation-induced plaque disruption occur in only some patients? The explanation may lie in differing genetic and phenotypic characteristics. A greater understanding of the pathophysiology and the identification of new genetic and inflammatory markers are slowly leading to new therapeutic interventions that promise to greatly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with CAD within the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin J Brener
- Angiography Core Laboratory, Interventional Cardiology-Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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37
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Cermakova Z, Petrkova J, Arakelyan A, Drabek J, Mrazek F, Lukl J, Petrek M. The MCP-1 -2518 (A to G) single nucleotide polymorphism is not associated with myocardial infarction in the Czech population. Int J Immunogenet 2005; 32:315-8. [PMID: 16164699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2005.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is the key chemokine in the process of atheroslerotic vascular inflammation. Examining already reported association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and the SNP A/G in the MCP-1 gene (position -2518), 139 Czech patients with CAD manifested as myocardial infarction (MI) and 359 unrelated healthy control (C) subjects were genotyped by PCR-SSP. Genotype and allele frequencies were not different in MI and C groups (allele G: MI, 20.5%; C, 23.8%, OR = 0.8, P > 0.05). No differences were detected when the patients were subdivided based on sex or the age of MI first occurrence. Further, no relationship was observed between circulating MCP-1 levels and carriage of the G allele. The data do not support a role for the MCP-1 -2518 single nucleotide polymorphism in susceptibility to CAD manifested by myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cermakova
- Immunology & Immunogenetics, Palacky University & Faculty Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
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38
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González P, García-Castro M, Reguero JR, Batalla A, Ordóñez AG, Palop RL, Lozano I, Montes M, Alvarez V, Coto E. The Pro279Leu variant in the transcription factor MEF2A is associated with myocardial infarction. J Med Genet 2005; 43:167-9. [PMID: 15958500 PMCID: PMC2564638 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.035071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) mutation that segregated with coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction (CAD/MI) in a large family has recently been described. Missense mutations in sporadic coronary artery disease patients were also reported. These data suggest that mutations in exons 7 and 11 of MEF2A cause CAD/MI, though the association was refuted by another study. OBJECTIVE To analyse the genetic variation of exons 7 and 11 in a large cohort of Spanish CAD/MI patients and controls. METHODS AND RESULTS A rare polymorphism, P279L, was detected both in patients and controls. Carriers of the 279Leu allele had a threefold risk of suffering CAD/MI compared with controls (p = 0.009; odds ratio = 3.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 8.06)). In the controls the allele was found only in those under 50 years of age. Exon 11 showed a high degree of heterogeneity caused by a polyglutamine (CAG)n polymorphism, but no significant differences in genotype or allelic frequencies were found. CONCLUSIONS The 279Leu allele appears to be a genetic risk factor for CAD/MI in the population studied. This effect could be the result of a reduced transcriptional activity on MEF2A with 279Leu.
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