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Kleemann J, Cinatl J, Hoffmann S, Zöller N, Özistanbullu D, Zouboulis CC, Kaufmann R, Kippenberger S. Alcohol Promotes Lipogenesis in Sebocytes-Implications for Acne. Cells 2024; 13:328. [PMID: 38391942 PMCID: PMC10886960 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral consumption of alcohol (ethanol) has a long tradition in humans and is an integral part of many cultures. The causal relationship between ethanol consumption and numerous diseases is well known. In addition to the well-described harmful effects on the liver and pancreas, there is also evidence that ethanol abuse triggers pathological skin conditions, including acne. In the present study, we addressed this issue by investigating the effect of ethanol on the energy metabolism in human SZ95 sebocytes, with particular focus on qualitative and quantitative lipogenesis. It was found that ethanol is a strong trigger for lipogenesis, with moderate effects on cell proliferation and toxicity. We identified the non-oxidative metabolism of ethanol, which produced fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), as relevant for the lipogenic effect-the oxidative metabolism of ethanol does not contribute to lipogenesis. Correspondingly, using the Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, we found an inhibition of the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate as a measure of mitochondrial ATP production by ethanol. The ATP production rate from glycolysis was not affected. These data corroborate that ethanol-induced lipogenesis is independent from oxygen. In sum, our results give a causal explanation for the prevalence of acne in heavy drinkers, confirming that alcoholism should be considered as a systemic disease. Moreover, the identification of key factors driving ethanol-dependent lipogenesis may also be relevant in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kleemann
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Dr. Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoffmann
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Deniz Özistanbullu
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergy and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.Z.); (D.Ö.); (R.K.)
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Butts M, Sundaram VL, Murughiyan U, Borthakur A, Singh S. The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Intestinal Nutrient Absorption: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071571. [PMID: 37049411 PMCID: PMC10096942 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol use has been attributed to the development of malnutrition. This is in part due to the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the absorption of vital nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals within the small intestine. Recent advances in research, along with new cutting-edge technologies, have advanced our understanding of the mechanism of ethanol's effect on intestinal nutrient absorption at the brush border membrane (BBM) of the small intestine. However, further studies are needed to delineate how ethanol consumption could have an impact on altered nutrient absorption under various disease conditions. Current research has elucidated the relationship of alcohol consumption on glucose, glutamine, vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B9 (folate), C (ascorbic acid), selenium, iron, and zinc absorption within the small intestine. We conducted systematic computerized searches in PubMed using the following keywords: (1) "Alcohol effects on nutrient transport"; (2) "Alcohol mediated malabsorption of nutrients"; (3) "Alcohol effects on small intestinal nutrient transport"; and (4) "Alcohol mediated malabsorption of nutrients in small intestine". We included the relevant studies in this review. The main objective of this review is to marshal and analyze previously published research articles and discuss, in-depth, the understanding of ethanol's effect in modulating absorption of vital macro and micronutrients in health and disease conditions. This could ultimately provide great insights in the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat malnutrition associated with alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Butts
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Usha Murughiyan
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Alip Borthakur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Soudamani Singh
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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3
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Kaigorodova TV, Kryukova IA. Тhe impact of alcohol abuse on the development of non-communicable diseases (analytical review). Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.21045/2782-1676-2021-1-2-48-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The harmful use of alcohol is a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes and others. In addition to morbidity, alcohol abuse increases mortality, especially at young ages. An important characteristic is the frequency and amount of alcohol consumed by a person. The more often and more a person abuses alcohol, the higher the risk of developing NCDs and the mortality rate. Purpose of the study: analysis of publications of the World Health Organization and scientific publications of foreign researchers on the influence of alcohol on the development of non-communicable diseases.Materials and research methods. Content analysis of documents of the World Health Organization and foreign studies on the assessment of the impact of alcohol In total, 48 documents of international organizations were analyzed, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations (UN), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-IARC) and the World Bank, as well as 211 scientific publications. Of these, 19 documents were selected, which included materials from WHO, UN, IARC and the World Bank on the impact of alcohol abuse on health, and 63 scientific publications on this topic. Selection criterion: the content in the documents of materials that adequately describe the impact of alcohol abuse on health as a risk factor for the development of various diseases.Results. An analysis of the documents and publications presented revealed a large massif of evidence that the harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in the development of a number of noncommunicable diseases, an increase in mortality and disability at earlier stages of life, and the development of a link between harmful use of alcohol and a number of mental and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Kaigorodova
- Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - I. A. Kryukova
- Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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4
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Pinto JW, Bradbury K, Newell D, Bishop FL. Lifestyle and Health Behavior Change in Traditional Acupuncture Practice: A Systematic Critical Interpretive Synthesis. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 27:238-254. [PMID: 33332183 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Behavioral factors are the leading cause of ill-health worldwide. Diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption are the focus of public health targets on promotion of healthy behavior. The science of behavior change is rapidly growing and has largely evolved within mainstream health care treatments. Traditional Chinese Medicine includes self-care practices that encourage healthy behavior alongside treatments such as acupuncture. Exploring behavior change within traditional acupuncture could potentially highlight new techniques and approaches, and contribute to developing models of behavior change. Aims: In this review, the authors aimed to critically appraise research exploring health behavior change within traditional acupuncture, to highlight gaps in the field, identify questions, and enable theory development. Design/Method: The authors were guided by a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) method to explore a diverse mixture of research including qualitative and quantitative articles. Eight databases were searched up to October 2017 for articles published in English. Eleven thousand four hundred eighty-eight articles were identified (7,149 after deduplication). Titles and abstracts were screened by one reviewer (10% by a second reviewer). Eligible articles were selected using a Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome framework. CIS methods, including purposive sampling of eligible articles and a reflexive, dialectic process of critiquing evidence and theory, were used to synthesize the evidence. Results: Several articles examined the prevalence and patterns of behavior change and support for change, although methods varied and reliability of results was limited. There was more evidence concerning diet/exercise than alcohol/smoking. Aspects of acupuncturists' work identified as potential key elements for promoting behavior change included: individualized advice based on symptoms; holistic/biopsychosocial explanations; therapeutic relationship; simultaneous treatment of behavior-limiting symptoms; and patients' physical involvement with intervention. A logic model of the process of behavior change was developed, proposing that perceived support, mutual understanding, and active participation may facilitate change. Possible moderators included: single/multicomponent acupuncture; setting; patient/practitioner characteristics; treatment experience; timing; and treatment duration. Conclusion: These findings suggest behavior change work is a significant part of traditional acupuncture practice, although more reliable evidence is needed to understand the effectiveness, prevalence, and patterns of this work (in particular the patterns suggesting acupuncturists are more likely to work on changes to diet and physical activity than alcohol and smoking behaviors, and more likely to support changes in long-term compared with acute conditions). The proposed model of behavior change should be developed and tested with a view to refining the model and elaborating the suggested links with a wider theory of behavior and behavior change. This review was preregistered with PROSPERO as "Health behaviour change in traditional acupuncture treatment: a protocol for a critical interpretive synthesis": CRD42018099766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonquil W Pinto
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kat Bradbury
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Newell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom.,AECC University College, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity L Bishop
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Verhalle L, Van Bockstaele K, Duerinckx N, Vanhoof J, Dierickx K, Neyens L, Van Cleemput J, Gryp S, Kums D, De Bondt K, Schaevers V, Demuynck F, Dewispelaere A, Dobbels F. How to screen for at-risk alcohol use in transplant patients? From instrument selection to implementation of the AUDIT-C. Clin Transplant 2020; 35:e14137. [PMID: 33141977 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given that drinking >2-3 units of alcohol daily might already have adverse health effects, regular screening of at-risk drinking is warranted. We aimed to select and pilot a short instrument to accurately screen for at-risk drinking in transplant patients. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS Five consecutive steps were completed: A comprehensive literature review identified 24 possible self-report instruments (step 1). These instruments were scored on six yes/no criteria (ie, length, concept measured, diagnostic accuracy, population, manual available, cost) (step 2). Four nurses piloted three instruments with the highest score and were interviewed on their experiences with using the AUDIT-C, TWEAK, and Five Shot. The AUDIT-C was the easiest to use and score, and items were clear. Cognitive debriefings with 16 patients were conducted to verify clarity of instructions and items, and suggestions were incorporated into a modified version of the AUDIT-C (step 4). A convenience sample of 130 Dutch-speaking heart transplant patients completed the modified AUDIT-C during a scheduled visit (Step 5), revealing that 27.6% of patients showed at-risk drinking. CONCLUSION The AUDIT-C might be a suitable instrument to identify at-risk drinking in routine post-transplant follow-up. Further validation, however, is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieza Verhalle
- Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Bockstaele
- Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Duerinckx
- Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Heart Transplant Program, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasper Vanhoof
- Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Center, UPC KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Dierickx
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Neyens
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Cleemput
- Heart Transplant Program, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Gryp
- Heart Transplant Program, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominica Kums
- Heart Transplant Program, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen De Bondt
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Florian Demuynck
- Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Dewispelaere
- Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Dobbels
- Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Fama R, Le Berre AP, Sullivan EV. Alcohol's Unique Effects on Cognition in Women: A 2020 (Re)view to Envision Future Research and Treatment. Alcohol Res 2020; 40:03. [PMID: 32923307 PMCID: PMC7473713 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v40.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use and misuse is increasing among women. Although the prevalence of drinking remains higher in men than women, the gender gap is narrowing. This narrative review focuses on the cognitive sequelae of alcohol consumption in women. Studies of acute alcohol effects on cognition indicate that women typically perform worse than men on tasks requiring divided attention, memory, and decision-making. Beneficial effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognition have been reported; however, a number of studies have cautioned that other factors may be driving that association. Although chronic heavy drinking affects working memory, visuospatial abilities, balance, emotional processing, and social cognition in women and men, sex differences mark the severity and specific profile of functional deficits. The accelerated or compressed progression of alcohol-related problems and their consequences observed in women relative to men, referred to as "telescoping," highlights sex differences in the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, cognitive, and psychological consequences of alcohol. Brain volume deficits affecting multiple systems, including frontolimbic and frontocerebellar networks, contribute to impairment. Taken together, sex-related differences highlight the complexity of this chronic disease in women and underscore the relevance of examining the roles of age, drinking patterns, duration of abstinence, medical history, and psychiatric comorbidities in defining and understanding alcohol-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Fama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Anne-Pascale Le Berre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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7
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Gémes K, Moeller J, Engström K, Sidorchuk A. Alcohol consumption trajectories and self-rated health: findings from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028878. [PMID: 31427328 PMCID: PMC6701653 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether poor self-rated health and psychological distress are differentially associated with drinking trajectories over time. METHODS From the Stockholm Public Health Cohort, two subcohorts surveyed in 2002-2010-2014 and 2006-2010-2014 (n=23 794 and n=34 667 at baseline, respectively) were used. Alcohol consumption, self-rated health, psychological distress (measured by General Health Questionnaire-12), lifestyle factors and longstanding illness were assessed by questionnaires. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were obtained by register linkage. Logistic regression was fitted to assess the associations with eight alcohol consumption trajectories, which were constructed among 30 228 individuals (13 898 and 16 330 from the 2002 and 2006 subcohorts, respectively) with measures of consumption at three time points. RESULTS Compared with stable moderate drinkers, all other trajectories were associated with poor self-rated health with multiadjusted OR for stable non-drinkers of 2.35 (95% CIs 1.86 to 2.97), unstable non-drinkers (OR=2.58, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.32), former drinkers (OR=2.81, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.41) and stable heavy drinkers (OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.20). The associations were not fully explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and longstanding illness. Former drinking, but no other trajectories, was associated with psychological distress (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.41). CONCLUSION We found a U-shape association between alcohol trajectories and self-rated health, but not with psychological distress. Compared with stable moderate drinking, former drinking was associated with the highest odds of both poor self-rated health and psychological distress. The study confirms the importance of a life-course approach to examining the effect of alcohol consumption on health and highlights the poorer general and mental health status of non-drinkers who were former drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gémes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jette Moeller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sidorchuk
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm & Healthcare Services, Stockholm County Council, CAP Research Center, Gävlegatan, Stockholm
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8
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Gémes K, Forsell Y, Janszky I, László KD, Lundin A, Ponce De Leon A, Mukamal KJ, Moller J. Moderate alcohol consumption and depression - a longitudinal population-based study in Sweden. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:526-535. [PMID: 30980542 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The interrelationship between alcohol consumption and depression is complex, and the direction of the association is unclear. We investigated whether alcohol consumption influences the risk of depression while accounting for this potential bidirectionality. METHODS A total of 10 441 individuals participated in the PART study in 1998-2000, 8622 in 2001-2003, and 5228 in 2010. Participants answered questions on their alcohol consumption, symptoms of depression, childhood adversity, and sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors. A total of 5087 participants provided repeated information on alcohol consumption. We used marginal structural models to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and depression while controlling for previous alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms and other time-varying confounders. RESULTS Non-drinkers had a higher depression risk than light drinkers (≤7 drinks/week) (risk ratio: 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.1). Consumers of seven-fourteen drinks/week had a depression risk similar to that of light drinkers. Hazardous drinking was associated with a higher risk of depression than non-hazardous alcohol consumption (risk ratio: 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.4-2.4). CONCLUSION Light and moderate alcohol consumption and non-hazardous drinking were associated with the lowest risk of subsequent depression after accounting for potential bidirectional effects. Hazardous drinking increased the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gémes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Forsell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Janszky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Regional Center for Health Care Improvement St.Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K D László
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Lundin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Ponce De Leon
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.,Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Moller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dobbels F, Denhaerynck K, Klem ML, Sereika SM, De Geest S, De Simone P, Berben L, Binet I, Burkhalter H, Drent G, Duerinckx N, Engberg SJ, Glass T, Gordon E, Kirsch M, Kugler C, Lerret S, Rossmeissl A, Russell C, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, de Almeida SS. Correlates and outcomes of alcohol use after single solid organ transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2019; 33:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Head J, Goldberg M, Airagnes G, Pentti J, Oksanen T, Salo P, Suominen S, Jokela M, Vahtera J, Zins M, Virtanen M. Sociodemographic Differences Between Alcohol Use and Sickness Absence: Pooled Analysis of Four Cohort Studies. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:95-103. [PMID: 29040353 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We examined differences in sickness absence in relation to at-risk drinking and abstinence, taking into account potential changes in consumption. Methods We used individual-participant data (n = 46,514) from four prospective cohort studies from Finland, France and the UK. Participants responded to a survey on alcohol use at two time points 4-6 years apart, and were linked to records of sickness absence for an ~6-year follow-up after the latter survey. Abstainers were those reporting no alcohol use in either survey. At-risk drinkers at T1 were labelled as 'former', at-risk drinkers at T2 as 'current' and at-risk drinkers at both times as 'consistent' at-risk drinkers. The reference group was low-risk drinkers at both times. Study-specific analyses were stratified by sex and socioeconomic status (SES) and the estimates were pooled using meta-analysis. Results Among men (n = 17,285), abstainers (6%), former (5%), current (5%) and consistent (7%) at-risk drinkers had an increased risk of sickness absence compared with consistent low-risk drinkers (77%). Among women (n = 29,229), only abstainers (12%) had a higher risk of sickness absence compared to consistent low-risk drinkers (74%). After adjustment for lifestyle and health, abstaining from alcohol was associated with sickness absence among people with intermediate and high SES, but not among people with low SES. Conclusions The U-shaped alcohol use-sickness absence association is more consistent in men than women. Abstinence is a risk factor for sickness absence among people with higher rather than lower SES. Healthy worker effect and health selection may partly explain the observed differences. Short summary In a pooled analysis from four cohort studies from three European countries, we demonstrated a U-shaped association between alcohol use and sickness absence, particularly among men. Abstinence from alcohol was associated with increased sickness absenteeism among both sexes and across socioeconomic strata, except those with low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK.,Clinicum, University of Helsinki, PB 63, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Population-based Cohorts Unit, INSERM, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, Villejuif, France.,French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Unit 1168 Aging and Chronic Diseases-Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, INSERM, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Faculty of Medicine, Universite Paris Descartes, 15, rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, PB 63, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Sakari Suominen
- University of Turku, Finland and University of Skövde, Box 408541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Markus Jokela
- Medicum, University of Helsinki, PB 63, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 TURUN YLIOPISTO, Turku, Finland
| | - Marie Zins
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Population-based Cohorts Unit, INSERM, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, Villejuif, France.,French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Unit 1168 Aging and Chronic Diseases-Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, INSERM, 101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, Villejuif, France.,University Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 47 boulevard Vauban 78280 Guyancourt, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 TYÖTERVEYSLAITOS, Helsinki, Finland
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Miquel L, Rehm J, Shield KD, Vela E, Bustins M, Segura L, Colom J, Anderson P, Gual A. Alcohol, tobacco and health care costs: a population-wide cohort study (n = 606 947 patients) of current drinkers based on medical and administrative health records from Catalonia. Eur J Public Health 2018; 28:674-680. [PMID: 29325000 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most cost of illness studies are based on models where information on exposure is combined with risk information from meta-analyses, and the resulting attributable fractions are applied to the number of cases. Methods This study presents data on alcohol and tobacco use for 2011 and 2012 obtained from a routine medical practice in Catalonia of 606 947 patients, 18 years of age and older, as compared with health care costs for 2013 (all costs from the public health care system: primary health care visits, hospital admissions, laboratory and medical tests, outpatient visits to specialists, emergency department visits and pharmacy expenses). Quasi-Poisson regressions were used to assess the association between alcohol consumption and smoking status and health care costs (adjusted for age and socio-economic status). Results Resulting health care costs per person per year amounted to 1290 Euros in 2013, and were 20.1% higher for men than for women. Sex, alcohol consumption, tobacco use and socio-economic status were all associated with health care costs. In particular, alcohol consumption had a positive dose-response association with health care costs. Similarly, both smokers and former smokers had higher health care costs than did people who never smoked. Conclusions Alcohol and tobacco use had modest and large impacts respectively on health care costs, confirming the results of previous ecological modelling analyses. Reductions of alcohol consumption and smoking through public policies and via early identification and brief interventions would likely be associated with reductions in health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Miquel
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network of Addictive Disorders (RTA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre in Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Epidemiological Research Unit, Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin D Shield
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre in Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Emili Vela
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Bustins
- Divisió d'Anàlisi de la Demanda i l'Activitat, Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Segura
- Program on Substance Abuse, Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Colom
- Program on Substance Abuse, Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Anderson
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, MD, The Netherlands
| | - Antoni Gual
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network of Addictive Disorders (RTA), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Gémes K, Janszky I, Strand LB, László KD, Ahnve S, Vatten LJ, Dalen H, Mukamal KJ. Light-moderate alcohol consumption and left ventricular function among healthy, middle-aged adults: the HUNT study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020777. [PMID: 29724742 PMCID: PMC5988097 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and left ventricular (LV) function in a population with low average alcohol intake. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 1296 healthy participants, free from cardiovascular diseases, were randomly selected from the third wave of the Norwegian HUNT study (2006-2008) and underwent echocardiography. After validation of the inclusion criteria, 30 participants were excluded due to arrhythmias or myocardial or valvular pathology. Alcohol consumption, sociodemographic and major cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by questionnaires and clinical examination in the HUNT3. General linear models were used to analyse the cross-sectional associations between alcohol intake and LV indices. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES LV functional and structural indices were measured with tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography. RESULTS We observed no associations between alcohol consumption and multivariable-adjusted LV functional indices. Excluding abstainers who reported regular alcohol consumption 10 years prior to the baseline did not change the results. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with LV mass indices (p<0.01 for linear trend of the means); there was no such association among participants with non-risky drinking characteristics (p=0.67 for linear trend of the means). CONCLUSIONS We found no clear evidence that light-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with measures of LV function, although our results indicate that consumption, especially when marked by binge drinking, is progressively associated with greater LV mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gémes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Imre Janszky
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Regional Center for Health Care Improvement, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linn Beate Strand
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Krisztina D László
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Ahnve
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Uto-Kondo H, Hase A, Yamaguchi Y, Sakurai A, Akao M, Saito T, Kumagai H. S-Allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, a garlic odor precursor, suppresses elevation in blood ethanol concentration by accelerating ethanol metabolism and preventing ethanol absorption from gut. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:724-731. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1447357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages are enjoyed together with meals worldwide, but their excessive intake is associated with an increased risk of various diseases. We investigated whether S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (ACSO), a sulfuric odor precursor of garlic, suppresses elevation in plasma ethanol concentration by accelerating ethanol metabolism and preventing ethanol absorption from the gut in rats. ACSO and garlic extract with a high ACSO content (Garlic-H) suppressed elevation in concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde in plasma and promoted the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. However, ACSO and Garlic-H did not affect plasma acetate so much. Furthermore, we examined the change in plasma ethanol concentration by injecting ACSO or Garlic-H into the ligated stomach or jejunum together with ethanol solution. ACSO and Garlic-H suppressed the absorption of ethanol from the stomach and jejunum, but suppression in the jejunum was less than in the stomach. In conclusion, ACSO inhibits ethanol absorption and accelerates ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Uto-Kondo
- Department of Bioscience in Daily Life, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ayumu Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Akao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Kumagai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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14
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Increased risk of peripheral arterial disease in patients with alcohol intoxication: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Alcohol 2017; 65:25-30. [PMID: 29084626 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that light-to-moderate drinkers have a lower risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) than abstainers, and that heavy drinking increases the risk of PAD. However, reports of the effects of severe alcohol drinking on PAD are lacking within a population-based cohort. Alcohol intoxication is typically considered a medical emergency at clinics in Taiwan and is commonly attributed to excessive alcohol use. The present study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol intoxication and PAD risk. We conducted a retrospective, population-based, health insurance cohort study consisting of 56,544 adult patients with alcohol intoxication between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009, using claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. This database included a control cohort of 226,176 residents without alcohol intoxication. The patients were age- and gender-matched. The incidence rate of PAD, after data regarding alcohol intoxication were obtained, was 12.8 per 10,000 person-years, and the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of PAD was 3.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.35-4.32, p < 0.05). The log-rank test showed that patients with alcohol intoxication had a considerably higher PAD cumulative incidence rate than those without alcohol intoxication. Alcohol intoxication was significantly associated with an increased risk of PAD in men (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.77, 95% CI = 3.30-4.31) and women (HR = 4.26, 95% CI = 2.60-6.97). The aHRs of PAD risk were 7.64 (95% CI = 4.39-13.3), 4.51 (95% CI = 3.83-5.29), and 2.16 (95% CI = 1.69-2.77) for patients with alcohol intoxication compared to participants of the control group aged <35 years, 35-64 years, and ≥65 years, respectively. The individuals with alcohol intoxication and without any comorbidities had a 3.77-fold increased risk of PAD in comparison to that of the control cohorts (HR = 3.77, 95% CI = 3.30-4.30). The aHR of PAD in patients with alcohol intoxication was 4.53 (95% CI = 2.51-8.16) in comparison to the control cohort, which consisted of patients with at least one existing comorbidity. Alcohol intoxication, along with the severe complications of excessive alcohol use, should be considered as major risk factors of PAD in the setting of a medical emergency. Further research needs to be performed to evaluate the quantitative effect of alcohol use on PAD.
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15
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Leifer ES. The Risks and Benefits of Moderate Alcohol Consumption. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2017; 5:845-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Gémes K, Malmo V, Laugsand LE, Loennechen JP, Ellekjaer H, László KD, Ahnve S, Vatten LJ, Mukamal KJ, Janszky I. Does Moderate Drinking Increase the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation? The Norwegian HUNT (Nord-Trøndelag Health) Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e007094. [PMID: 29054845 PMCID: PMC5721892 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compelling evidence suggests that excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the effect of light-moderate alcohol consumption is less certain. We investigated the association between alcohol consumption within recommended limits and AF risk in a light-drinking population. METHODS AND RESULTS Among 47 002 participants with information on alcohol consumption in a population-based cohort study in Norway, conducted from October 2006 to June 2008, 1697 validated AF diagnoses were registered during the 8 years of follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazard models with fractional polynomials to analyze the association between alcohol intake and AF. Population attributable risk for drinking within the recommended limit (ie, at most 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men without risky drinking) compared with nondrinking was also calculated. The average alcohol intake was 3.8±4.8 g/d. The adjusted hazard ratio for AF was 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.80) when we compared participants consuming >7 drinks per week with abstainers. When we modeled the quantity of alcohol intake as a continuous variable, the risk increased in a curvilinear manner. It was higher with heavier alcohol intake, but there was virtually no association at <1 drink per day for women and <2 drinks per day for men in the absence of risky drinking. The population attributable risk among nonrisky drinkers was 0.07% (95% confidence interval, -0.01% to 0.13%). CONCLUSIONS Although alcohol consumption was associated with a curvilinearly increasing risk of AF in general, the attributable risk of alcohol consumption within recommended limits among participants without binge or problem drinking was negligible in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gémes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vegard Malmo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Erik Laugsand
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Pål Loennechen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Ellekjaer
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Stroke Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Krisztina D László
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Ahnve
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Imre Janszky
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Regional Center for Health Care Improvement, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Is there a relationship between adverse childhood experiences and problem drinking behaviors? Findings from a population-based sample. Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Choi JH, Lee J, Yang S, Kim J. Genetic variations in taste perception modify alcohol drinking behavior in Koreans. Appetite 2017; 113:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Rehm J, Gmel GE, Gmel G, Hasan OSM, Imtiaz S, Popova S, Probst C, Roerecke M, Room R, Samokhvalov AV, Shield KD, Shuper PA. The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease-an update. Addiction 2017; 112:968-1001. [PMID: 28220587 PMCID: PMC5434904 DOI: 10.1111/add.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol use is a major contributor to injuries, mortality and the burden of disease. This review updates knowledge on risk relations between dimensions of alcohol use and health outcomes to be used in global and national Comparative Risk Assessments (CRAs). METHODS Systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses on alcohol consumption and health outcomes attributable to alcohol use. For dimensions of exposure: volume of alcohol use, blood alcohol concentration and patterns of drinking, in particular heavy drinking occasions were studied. For liver cirrhosis, quality of alcohol was additionally considered. For all outcomes (mortality and/or morbidity): cause of death and disease/injury categories based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes used in global CRAs; harm to others. RESULTS In total, 255 reviews and meta-analyses were identified. Alcohol use was found to be linked causally to many disease and injury categories, with more than 40 ICD-10 three-digit categories being fully attributable to alcohol. Most partially attributable disease categories showed monotonic relationships with volume of alcohol use: the more alcohol consumed, the higher the risk of disease or death. Exceptions were ischaemic diseases and diabetes, with curvilinear relationships, and with beneficial effects of light to moderate drinking in people without heavy irregular drinking occasions. Biological pathways suggest an impact of heavy drinking occasions on additional diseases; however, the lack of medical epidemiological studies measuring this dimension of alcohol use precluded an in-depth analysis. For injuries, except suicide, blood alcohol concentration was the most important dimension of alcohol use. Alcohol use caused marked harm to others, which has not yet been researched sufficiently. CONCLUSIONS Research since 2010 confirms the importance of alcohol use as a risk factor for disease and injuries; for some health outcomes, more than one dimension of use needs to be considered. Epidemiological studies should include measurement of heavy drinking occasions in line with biological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS)University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Gerhard E. Gmel
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Alcohol Treatment CenterLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
- Addiction SwitzerlandLausanneSwitzerland
- University of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Gerrit Gmel
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Omer S. M. Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sameer Imtiaz
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS)University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Svetlana Popova
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS)University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Factor‐Inwentash Faculty of Social WorkUniversity of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Charlotte Probst
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Michael Roerecke
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and DrugsStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Andriy V. Samokhvalov
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS)University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin D. Shield
- Section of Cancer SurveillanceInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Paul A. Shuper
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMHTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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20
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Rehm J, Hasan OSM, Imtiaz S, Neufeld M. Quantifying the contribution of alcohol to cardiomyopathy: A systematic review. Alcohol 2017; 61:9-15. [PMID: 28599715 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol has a direct toxic impact on the heart, and while there is an ICD code for alcoholic cardiomyopathy, the burden of alcohol-attributable cardiomyopathy is not clear. For the usual estimation of this burden via population-attributable fractions, one would need to determine the risk relationships, i.e., average risk associated with different dimensions of alcohol exposure. The most important among these risk relationships is the dose-response relationship with different levels of average alcohol consumption. To establish risk relationships, we systematically searched for all studies on dose-response relationships, directly and indirectly, via reviews. The results did not permit computation of pooled estimates through meta-analyses. There were clear indications that heavy drinking (≥80 g per day) over several years was linked to high risk of cardiomyopathy, with greater lifetime exposure of alcohol linked to higher risks. Some studies indicated potential effects of patterns of drinking as well. As such, the global quantification of alcohol-attributable cardiomyopathy will have to rely on other methods than those used conventionally.
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21
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Rehm J, Gmel GE, Gmel G, Hasan OSM, Imtiaz S, Popova S, Probst C, Roerecke M, Room R, Samokhvalov AV, Shield KD, Shuper PA. The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease-an update. ADDICTION (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2017. [PMID: 28220587 DOI: 10.1111/add.13757.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol use is a major contributor to injuries, mortality and the burden of disease. This review updates knowledge on risk relations between dimensions of alcohol use and health outcomes to be used in global and national Comparative Risk Assessments (CRAs). METHODS Systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses on alcohol consumption and health outcomes attributable to alcohol use. For dimensions of exposure: volume of alcohol use, blood alcohol concentration and patterns of drinking, in particular heavy drinking occasions were studied. For liver cirrhosis, quality of alcohol was additionally considered. For all outcomes (mortality and/or morbidity): cause of death and disease/injury categories based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes used in global CRAs; harm to others. RESULTS In total, 255 reviews and meta-analyses were identified. Alcohol use was found to be linked causally to many disease and injury categories, with more than 40 ICD-10 three-digit categories being fully attributable to alcohol. Most partially attributable disease categories showed monotonic relationships with volume of alcohol use: the more alcohol consumed, the higher the risk of disease or death. Exceptions were ischaemic diseases and diabetes, with curvilinear relationships, and with beneficial effects of light to moderate drinking in people without heavy irregular drinking occasions. Biological pathways suggest an impact of heavy drinking occasions on additional diseases; however, the lack of medical epidemiological studies measuring this dimension of alcohol use precluded an in-depth analysis. For injuries, except suicide, blood alcohol concentration was the most important dimension of alcohol use. Alcohol use caused marked harm to others, which has not yet been researched sufficiently. CONCLUSIONS Research since 2010 confirms the importance of alcohol use as a risk factor for disease and injuries; for some health outcomes, more than one dimension of use needs to be considered. Epidemiological studies should include measurement of heavy drinking occasions in line with biological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard E Gmel
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Alcohol Treatment Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Gerrit Gmel
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omer S M Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameer Imtiaz
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svetlana Popova
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlotte Probst
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Roerecke
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andriy V Samokhvalov
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin D Shield
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paul A Shuper
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Rehm J, Imtiaz S. A narrative review of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for global burden of disease. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2016; 11:37. [PMID: 27793173 PMCID: PMC5084343 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-016-0081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the original Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) for alcohol consumption as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study for 1990, there had been regular updates of CRAs for alcohol from the World Health Organization and/or the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. These studies have become more and more refined with respect to establishing causality between dimensions of alcohol consumption and different disease and mortality (cause of death) outcomes, refining risk relations, and improving the methodology for estimating exposure and alcohol-attributable burden. The present review will give an overview on the main results of the CRAs with respect to alcohol consumption as a risk factor, sketch out new trends and developments, and draw implications for future research and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, T505, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sameer Imtiaz
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, T505, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1 Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
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23
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[Geographic Altitude of Residence and Alcohol Dependence in a Peruvian Population]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2016; 45:178-85. [PMID: 27569012 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association between alcohol dependence and altitude of residence in 11 villages in two high altitude areas of Peru. An analytical cross-sectional study was performed using a survey conducted by physicians in primary health care in 11 villages until 2013, that were divided into low altitude (≤2500m asl (above sea level)), and high altitude (>2500m asl) areas. The CAGE test for alcoholism (cut point, ≥2) was applied to those who responded positively when asked if they consumed alcohol. Statistical associations were obtained with generalised linear models Of the 737 participants, 51% were women and the median age was 36 years [interquartile range, 25-50], 334 (45%) lived at low altitude, and 113 (15%) had alcohol dependence. The highest frequency of alcoholism was positively associated with being a village considered extremely poor (Likelihood Ratio (LP)=2.42; 95%CI, 1.40-4.19), while being female (LP=0.44; 95%CI, 0.23-0.89) and residing at high altitude (LP=0.15; 95%CI, 0.07-0.31) were negatively associated. These were adjusted for nine socio-occupational and pathological variables. According to these data, there is a higher frequency of alcohol dependence in being, male, extremely poor, and residing at low altitude. These results should be taken into account by professionals who work in primary care and those involved in mental health care, because of their implications in society.
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a global phenomenon, as is the resultant health, social and economic harm. The nature of these harms varies with different drinking patterns and with the societal and political responses to the burden of harm; nevertheless, alcohol-related chronic diseases have a major effect on health. Strong evidence exists for the effectiveness of different strategies to minimize this damage and those policies that target price, availability and marketing of alcohol come out best, whereas those using education and information are much less effective. However, these policies can be portrayed as anti-libertarian and so viewing them in the context of alcohol-related harm to those other than the drinker, such as the most vulnerable in society, is important. When this strategy is successful, as in Scotland, it has been possible to pass strong and effective legislation, such as for a minimum unit price for alcohol.
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25
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Rehm J, Shield KD, Roerecke M, Gmel G. Modelling the impact of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular disease mortality for comparative risk assessments: an overview. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:363. [PMID: 27121289 PMCID: PMC4848866 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alcohol consumption has long been considered as a risk factor for chronic disease, the relationship to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex and involves at least two dimensions: average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking. The objective of this contribution was to estimate the burden of CVD mortality caused by alcohol consumption. METHODS Risk assessment modelling with alcohol-attributable CVD mortality as primary outcome. The mortality burden of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and ischaemic stroke (IS) attributable to alcohol consumption was estimated using attributable-fraction methodology. Relative Risk (RR) data for IHD and IS were obtained from the most comprehensive meta-analyses (except for Russia and surrounding countries where alcohol RR data were obtained from a large cohort study). Age-group specific RRs were calculated, based on large studies. Data on mortality were obtained from the World Health Organization's Global Health Estimates and alcohol consumption data were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. Risk of former drinkers was modelled taking into account global differences in the prevalence of sick quitters among former drinkers. Alcohol-attributable mortality estimates for all other CVD causes except IHD and IS were obtained from the 2014 Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health. RESULTS An estimated 780,381 CVD deaths (441,893 and 338,490 CVD deaths among men and women respectively) were attributable to alcohol consumption globally in 2012, accounting for 1.4 % of all deaths and 26.6 % of all alcohol-attributable deaths. This is in contrast to the previously estimated 1,128,273 CVD deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, and represents a decrease of 30.8 % in alcohol-attributable CVD mortality and of 10.6 % in the global burden of all alcohol-attributable deaths. CONCLUSIONS When the most comprehensive and recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses are taken as bases, the net impact of alcohol consumption on CVD is lower than previously estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada. .,Addiction Policy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto (UofT), 155 College Street, 6th FL, Toronto, M5T 3 M7, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UofT, 250 College Street, 8th FL, Toronto, M5T 1R8, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, UofT, Medical Sciences Bldg, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187, Germany.
| | - Kevin D Shield
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, UofT, Medical Sciences Bldg, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Roerecke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada
| | - Gerrit Gmel
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada.,School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.,Implant Systems Group, National Information and Communications Technology Australia, Sydney, Australia 13 Garden Street, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia
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26
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Windle M, Windle RC. A prospective study of stressful events, coping motives for drinking, and alcohol use among middle-aged adults. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 76:465-73. [PMID: 25978834 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective study investigated moderator variable models of the interrelationships among stressful events, coping motives for drinking, and current alcohol use on subsequent alcohol use across a 5-year window with middle-aged adults. METHOD Data from women (n = 716; M(age) = 55.29 years at baseline) and men (n = 505; M(age) = 57.57 years at baseline) were used to examine theory-guided hypotheses that current levels of alcohol use would interact with stressful events and coping motives for drinking to predict higher levels of alcohol use across time. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women. RESULTS After we controlled for several potentially important covariates (i.e., age, educational level, family income, and marital status), prospective regression analyses supported moderator effects for current alcohol use and stressful events as predictors of changes in alcohol use, and a somewhat weaker consistency of moderator effects for current alcohol use and coping motives for drinking as predictors of changes in alcohol use. For example, higher levels of baseline alcohol involvement in conjunction with higher levels of stress predicted higher levels of alcohol use and alcohol problems 5 years later. Similarly, higher levels of coping motives and higher levels of heavy episodic drinking predicted higher levels of heavy episodic drinking among women 5 years later. CONCLUSIONS The findings were discussed from an alcohol-stress vulnerability model of affect regulation and a positive regulatory feedback loop perspective wherein conditional relationships among baseline alcohol use indicators, stressful events, and coping drinking motives predicted greater alcohol involvement, especially problematic use, across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Windle
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca C Windle
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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27
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Ogeil RP, Gao CX, Rehm J, Gmel G, Lloyd B. Temporal changes in alcohol-related mortality and morbidity in Australia. Addiction 2016; 111:626-34. [PMID: 26498429 DOI: 10.1111/add.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol consumption is an avoidable risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Studies have examined relative risks and outcomes of alcohol-related harms in Australia at discrete times, limiting the ability to examine changes across time. This paper examined alcohol consumption and its contribution to deaths, illness and injury at two time-points, 2001 and 2010. DESIGN Alcohol consumption was modelled based on the 2001 and 2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, upshifted to reflect alcohol sales data. SETTING All data reported are from Australian sources. MEASUREMENTS Based on relative risk estimates obtained from meta-analysis, alcohol-attributable fractions were estimated for 42 disease and injury categories in 2001 and 2010 separately for conditions that were not 100% alcohol-attributable. Deaths and hospital separations attributable to alcohol were calculated in 2001 and 2010. FINDINGS There was a relatively stable per capita consumption of alcohol across time, with males reporting higher levels of consumption compared with females. While there were increases in the number of abstainers from alcohol across time, the proportion of heavy alcohol consumers also increased. This corresponded with an observed increase in alcohol-attributable burden. For example, alcohol-attributable deaths increased from 4957 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2867-8770] to 5610 (95% CI = 3398-9408) during the study period. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that there has been an increase in alcohol-attributable harms between 2001 and 2010 in Australia without a corresponding increase in per capita consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan P Ogeil
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline X Gao
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerrit Gmel
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Implant Systems Group, National Information and Communications Technology Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Lloyd
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Gémes K, Janszky I, Laugsand LE, László KD, Ahnve S, Vatten LJ, Mukamal KJ. Alcohol consumption is associated with a lower incidence of acute myocardial infarction: results from a large prospective population-based study in Norway. J Intern Med 2016; 279:365-75. [PMID: 26365927 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Compelling evidence suggests that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but several issues from previous studies remain to be addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate some of these key issues related to the association between alcohol consumption and AMI risk, including the strength and shape of the association in a low-drinking setting, the roles of quantity, frequency and beverage type, the importance of confounding by medical and psychiatric conditions, and the lack of prospective data on previous drinking. METHODS A population-based prospective cohort study of 58 827 community-dwelling individuals followed for 11.6 years was conducted. We assessed the quantity and frequency of consumption of beer, wine and spirits at baseline in 1995-1997 and the frequency of alcohol intake approximately 10 years earlier. RESULTS A total of 2966 study participants had an AMI during the follow-up period. Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was inversely and linearly associated with AMI risk. After adjusting for major cardiovascular disease risk factors, the hazard ratio for a one-drink increment in daily consumption was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.86). Accounting for former drinking or comorbidities had almost no effect on the association. Frequency of alcohol consumption was more strongly associated with lower AMI risk than overall quantity consumed. CONCLUSIONS Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was linearly associated with a decreased risk of AMI in a population in which abstaining from alcohol is not socially stigmatized. Our results suggest that frequent alcohol consumption is most cardioprotective and that this association is not driven by misclassification of former drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gémes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Janszky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L E Laugsand
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K D László
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Ahnve
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - K J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Alanine with the Precipitate of Tomato Juice Administered to Rats Enhances the Reduction in Blood Ethanol Levels. J Nutr Metab 2015; 2015:280781. [PMID: 26713162 PMCID: PMC4680054 DOI: 10.1155/2015/280781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Delay in gastric emptying (GE) lowers the blood ethanol concentration (BEC) after alcohol administration. We previously demonstrated that water-insoluble fractions, mainly comprising dietary fiber derived from many types of botanical foods, possessed the ability to absorb ethanol-containing aqueous solutions. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the absorption of ethanol and lowering of BEC because of delay in GE. Here we identified dietary nutrients that synergize with the water-insoluble fraction of tomatoes to lower BEC in rats. Consequently, unlike tomato juice without alanine, tomato juice with 5.0% alanine decreased BEC depending on the delay in GE and mediated the ethanol-induced decrease in the spontaneous motor activity (an indicator of drunkenness). Our findings indicate that the synergism between tomato juice and alanine to reduce the absorption of ethanol was attributable to the effect of alanine on precipitates such as the water-insoluble fraction of tomatoes.
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30
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Collart F, de Timary P, Dom G, Dor BD, Duprez D, Lengelé JP, Matthys F, Peuskens H, Rehm J, Stärkel P. Alcohol-induced hypertension: an important healthcare target in Belgium. Acta Clin Belg 2015; 70:389-95. [PMID: 26135944 DOI: 10.1179/2295333715y.0000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake is one of the leading causes of premature death in Europe and particularly in Belgium. Belgian people are consuming more alcohol per year than the European average. It is well established that excessive alcohol consumption is a significant predictor of the development of hypertension (HTN). Two million adults in Belgium suffer from HTN and this number will increase to three million by 2025. Less than 50% of Belgian people treated for HTN are well-controlled. Alcohol reduction in patients with HTN can significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After reviewing the epidemiology of HTN and alcohol disorders in Belgium, this paper will focus on the rationale for alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary care. It will also describe the barriers to alcohol screening, and what could be the benefits of alcohol screening for our healthcare system. The authors believe that early identification through alcohol screening and brief intervention in general practice can help to improve the management of patients with HTN, to reach the targets of the WHO Global Action Plan, i.e., a 25% relative reduction in the risk of premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases. They are also convinced that this would allow achieving major healthcare savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Collart
- 1 Department of Nephrology, CHU/UVC Brugmann , Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Choi NG, Marti CNN, DiNitto DM, Choi BY. Alcohol Use as Risk Factors for Older Adults' Emergency Department Visits: A Latent Class Analysis. West J Emerg Med 2015; 16:1146-58. [PMID: 26759670 PMCID: PMC4703192 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2015.9.27704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Late middle-aged and older adults' share of emergency department (ED) visits is increasing more than other age groups. ED visits by individuals with substance-related problems are also increasing. This paper was intended to identify subgroups of individuals aged 50+ by their risk for ED visits by examining their health/mental health status and alcohol use patterns. METHODS Data came from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey's Sample Adult file (n=15,713). Following descriptive analysis of sample characteristics by alcohol use patterns, latent class analysis (LCA) modeling was fit using alcohol use pattern (lifetime abstainers, ex-drinkers, current infrequent/light/moderate drinkers, and current heavy drinkers), chronic health and mental health status, and past-year ED visits as indicators. RESULTS LCA identified a four-class model. All members of Class 1 (35% of the sample; lowest-risk group) were infrequent/light/moderate drinkers and exhibited the lowest probabilities of chronic health/mental health problems; Class 2 (21%; low-risk group) consisted entirely of lifetime abstainers and, despite being the oldest group, exhibited low probabilities of health/mental health problems; Class 3 (37%; moderate-risk group) was evenly divided between ex-drinkers and heavy drinkers; and Class 4 (7%; high-risk group) included all four groups of drinkers but more ex-drinkers. In addition, Class 4 had the highest probabilities of chronic health/mental problems, unhealthy behaviors, and repeat ED visits, with the highest proportion of Blacks and the lowest proportions of college graduates and employed persons, indicating significant roles of these risk factors. CONCLUSION Alcohol nonuse/use (and quantity of use) and chronic health conditions are significant contributors to varying levels of ED visit risk. Clinicians need to help heavy-drinking older adults reduce unhealthy alcohol consumption and help both heavy drinkers and ex-drinkers improve chronic illnesses self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkee G. Choi
- The University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Diana M. DiNitto
- The University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, Texas
| | - Bryan Y. Choi
- Brown University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
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Asciutto R, Lugo A, Pacifici R, Colombo P, Rota M, La Vecchia C, Gallus S. The Particular Story of Italians' Relation with Alcohol: Trends in Individuals' Consumption by Age and Beverage Type. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 51:347-53. [PMID: 26542605 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In Italy, sales data show a dramatic fall in alcohol consumption between 1970 and 2010. The aim of our study is to provide updated information on trends, prevalence and determinants of alcohol drinking in Italy, using individual-level data. METHODS Seven nationally representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Italy between 2006 and 2014, on a total sample of 21,416 participants aged ≥15 years, with available information on weekly consumption of wine, beer and spirits. RESULTS Per capita alcohol consumption decreased by 23% between 2006 and 2014 (from 5.6 to 4.4 drinks/week), due to the fall in wine drinking. Overall, the prevalence of alcohol drinkers was 61.6%. Individuals predominantly drinking wine were 35.3%, beer 11.1% and spirits 6.4%. A direct trend of drinking with age was observed for total alcohol (multivariate odds ratio, OR = 1.75 for ≥65 vs. 15-24 years) and predominant wine drinking (OR = 8.05), while an inverse trend was observed for beer (OR = 0.17) and spirit drinkers (OR = 0.33). Women (OR = 0.24), obese individuals (OR = 0.67) and those from southern Italy (OR = 0.63) were less frequently, while those with high education (OR = 1.97), ex- (OR = 1.46) and current smokers (OR = 2.17) were more frequently alcohol drinkers. CONCLUSION On the basis of individual-level data we confirm and further update to 2014 the decreasing trend in alcohol consumption in Italy over the last few decades, mainly due to the fall in wine consumption. This may be due to anti-alcohol policies, programs and campaigns adopted and developed over the last decade. It also reflects socio-cultural changes in drinking, particularly in younger generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Asciutto
- Department of Sciences for the Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto DOXA, Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association (WIN/GIA), Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Rota
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
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Choi NG, DiNitto DM, Marti CN, Choi BY. Associations of Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders With Presenting Problems and Outcomes in Older Adults' Emergency Department Visits. Acad Emerg Med 2015; 22:1316-26. [PMID: 26473592 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing prevalence of mental health and/or substance use disorders in older adults is a significant public health issue affecting their health, health care use, and health care outcomes. These disorders are especially prevalent in emergency department (ED) visits. This study examined the effect of mental health and substance use disorders on older adults' ED presenting problems and outcomes. METHODS Data were from the publicly available 2012 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample data set (unweighted n = 5,344,743 visits by the 65+ years age group). We used binary logistic regression analysis to test relationships between mental health and substance use disorders and suicide attempts, falls, and other injuries and multinomial logistic regression analysis to test relationships between the disorders and ED outcomes of death, hospital admission, transfer to institutional care, home health care, leaving against medical advice (AMA), or other or unknown destinations, as opposed to routine care. RESULTS Of ED visits by older adults, 5.1% involved anxiety disorders, 7.1% involved mood disorders, 10.45% involved delirium/dementia, 1.4% involved alcohol use disorders, and 0.6% involved drug use disorders; 0.2% were suicide-related, 12.0% involved falls, and 10.2% involved other injuries. Mental health and substance use disorders had large-to-medium effects on suicide attempts. Both dementia and delirium and alcohol use disorders had a small effect on falls. Drug use disorders had a small effect on other injuries. Anxiety disorder had a small effect on the risk of death in the ED or in the hospital, relative to routine care. Suicide attempts and drug use disorders had a medium effect on hospital admission. Suicide attempts had a large effect, delirium and dementia and other mental disorders had medium effects, and mood disorder had a small effect on the risk of transfer to another facility. Delirium and dementia, suicide attempts, and drug use disorders had small effects on the risk of discharge with home health care. Alcohol use disorders and drug use disorders had a small effect on the risk of leaving AMA. Finally, suicide attempts had a medium effect on the risk of other outcomes and unknown destinations. CONCLUSIONS Late-life mental health and substance use disorders are significant risk factors for both intentional self-harm and unintentional injuries that bring older adults to the ED and contribute to ED dispositions and outcomes that involve more intensive and longer-term health care services. The findings underscore the importance of detection and treatment of these disorders among older adults before they end up in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkee G. Choi
- University of Texas at Austin School of Social Work; Austin TX
| | | | - C. Nathan Marti
- University of Texas at Austin School of Social Work; Austin TX
| | - Bryan Y. Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Warren Alpert Medical School; Brown University; Providence RI
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Gémes K, Janszky I, Ahnve S, László KD, Laugsand LE, Vatten LJ, Mukamal KJ. Light-to-moderate drinking and incident heart failure--the Norwegian HUNT study. Int J Cardiol 2015; 203:553-60. [PMID: 26569362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the association between light-to-moderate alcohol intake and the risk of heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 60,665 individuals free of HF who provided information on alcohol consumption in a population-based cohort study conducted in 1995-97 in Norway. Sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors and common chronic disorders were assessed by questionnaires and/or by a clinical examination. The cohort was followed for a first HF event for an average of 11.2 ± 3.0 years. Mean alcohol consumption was 2.95 ± 4.5 g/day; 1588 HF cases occurred during follow-up. The quantity of alcohol consumption was inversely associated with incident HF in this low-drinking population. The risk was lowest for consumption over three but less than six drinks/week; the multivariate hazard ratio when comparing this category to non-drinkers was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.50-0.92). Among problem drinkers based on CAGE questionnaires, total consumption showed no favorable association with HF, even when overall consumption was otherwise moderate. Excluding former drinkers and controlling for common chronic diseases had minimal effect on these associations. Frequent alcohol consumption, i.e. more than five times/month, was associated with the lowest HF risk; the adjusted hazard ratio comparing this group to alcohol intake less than once/month was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68-1.03). We found no evidence for a differential effect according to beverage type, nor that the competing risks of death from other causes modified the association. CONCLUSIONS Frequent light-to-moderate alcohol consumption without problem drinking was associated with a lower HF risk in this population characterized by a low average alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Gémes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Imre Janszky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Center for Health Care Research, St Olav Hospital, Norway.
| | - Staffan Ahnve
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Krisztina D László
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars E Laugsand
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Shield KD, Rehm J. Global risk factor rankings: the importance of age-based health loss inequities caused by alcohol and other risk factors. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:231. [PMID: 26054859 PMCID: PMC4467665 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving health equity is a priority of the World Health Organization; however, there is a scant amount of literature on this topic. As the underlying influences that determine health loss caused by risk factors are age-dependent, the aim of this paper is to examine how the risk factor rankings for health loss differ by age. METHODS Rankings were based on data obtained from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study. Health loss (as measured by Disability Adjusted Life Years lost) by risk factor was estimated using Population-Attributable Fractions, years of life lost due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability, which were calculated for 187 countries, 20 age groups and both sexes. Uncertainties of the risk factor rankings were estimated using 1,000 simulations taken from posterior distributions RESULTS The top risk factors by age were: household air pollution for neonates 0-6 days of age [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1 to 1]; suboptimal breast feeding for children 7-27 days of age (95% UI: 1-1); childhood underweight for children 28 days to less than 1 year of age and 1-4 years of age (95% UI: 1-2 and 1-1, respectively); iron deficiency for children and youth 5-14 years of age (95% UI: 1-1); alcohol use for people 15-49 years of age (95% UI: 1-2); and dietary risks for people 50 years of age and older (95% UI: 1-1). Rankings of risk factors varied by sex among the older age groups. Alcohol and smoking were the most important risk factors among men 15 years of age and older, and high body mass and intimate partner violence were some of the most important risk factors among women 15 years of age and older. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses confirm that the relative importance of risk factors is age-dependent. Therefore, preventing harms caused by various modifiable risk factors using interventions that target people of different ages should be a priority, especially since easily implemented and cost-effective public health interventions exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Shield
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health and Addiction, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health (DLSPH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Cascio WE. Life Style. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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TenNapel MJ, Lynch CF, Burns TL, Wallace R, Smith BJ, Button A, Domann FE. SIRT6 minor allele genotype is associated with >5-year decrease in lifespan in an aged cohort. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115616. [PMID: 25541994 PMCID: PMC4277407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process involving complex interplay between environment, metabolism, and genes. Sirtuin genes and their downstream targets have been associated with lifespan in numerous organisms from nematodes to humans. Several target proteins of the sirtuin genes are key sensors and/or effectors of oxidative stress pathways including FOXO3, SOD3, and AKT1. To examine the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at candidate genes in these pathways and human lifespan, we performed a molecular epidemiologic study of an elderly cohort (≥65 years old.). Using age at death as a continuous outcome variable and assuming a co-dominant genetic model within the framework of multi-variable linear regression analysis, the genotype-specific adjusted mean age at death was estimated for individual SNP genotypes while controlling for age-related risk factors including smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption and co-morbidity. Significant associations were detected between human lifespan and SNPs in genes SIRT3, SIRT5, SIRT6, FOXO3 and SOD3. Individuals with either the CC or CT genotype at rs107251 within SIRT6 displayed >5-year mean survival advantages compared to the TT genotype (5.5 and 5.9 years, respectively; q-value = 0.012). Other SNPs revealed genotype-specific mean survival advantages ranging from 0.5 to 1.6 years. Gender also modified the effect of SNPs in SIRT3, SIRT5 and AKT1 on lifespan. Our novel findings highlight the impact of sirtuins and sirtuin-related genotypes on lifespan, the importance of evaluating gender and the advantage of using age as a continuous variable in analyses to report mean age at death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindi J TenNapel
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 01620 PFPW, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Charles F Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 01620 PFPW, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 01620 PFPW, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 01620 PFPW, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 01620 PFPW, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Anna Button
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 01620 PFPW, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Chiappetta V, García-Rodríguez O, Jin CJ, Secades-Villa R, Blanco C. Predictors of quit attempts and successful quit attempts among individuals with alcohol use disorders in a nationally representative sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 141:138-44. [PMID: 24948080 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to identify predictors of attempting to quit and of successfully quitting alcohol abuse or dependence in the general population. METHODS Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). RESULTS Approximately 10% of individuals with alcohol abuse and 18% of those with dependence attempted to quit over the three year follow-up period. Of those who tried, 38% of individuals with abuse and 30% of those with dependence successfully quit. Among individuals with alcohol abuse or dependence, being single, younger than 40 years old, having low income, a co-occurring psychiatric disorder and greater number of dependence symptoms increased the likelihood of attempting to quit. Among individuals with alcohol abuse, male gender and low educational attainment further increased the odds of quit attempts. However, greater severity of alcohol use disorder, having a co-occurring drug use disorder and greater number of psychiatric disorders decreased the odds of success among individuals with alcohol abuse, while female gender, being married and older than 40 years old increased the odds of success. Among individuals with alcohol dependence, having nicotine dependence, greater number of psychiatric disorders and personality disorders decreased the odds of success. CONCLUSIONS Predictors of attempts to quit are different and sometimes opposite from those leading to successful quitting probably indicating that some factors that increase motivation may decrease ability to quit. These findings may help in the development of more targeted and effective interventions for alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Chiappetta
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olaya García-Rodríguez
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Chelsea J Jin
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Roberto Secades-Villa
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Blanco
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Bindon K, Holt H, Williamson PO, Varela C, Herderich M, Francis IL. Relationships between harvest time and wine composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon 2. Wine sensory properties and consumer preference. Food Chem 2014; 154:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Holahan CJ, Schutte KK, Brennan PL, Holahan CK, Moos RH. Episodic heavy drinking and 20-year total mortality among late-life moderate drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1432-8. [PMID: 24588326 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyses of moderate drinking have focused overwhelmingly on average consumption, which masks diverse underlying drinking patterns. This study examined the association between episodic heavy drinking and total mortality among moderate-drinking older adults. METHODS At baseline, the sample was comprised of 446 adults aged 55 to 65; 74 moderate drinkers who engaged in episodic heavy drinking and 372 regular moderate drinkers. The database at baseline also included a broad set of sociodemographic, behavioral, and health status covariates. Death across a 20-year follow-up period was confirmed primarily by death certificate. RESULTS In multiple logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for all covariates, as well as overall alcohol consumption, moderate drinkers who engaged in episodic heavy drinking had more than 2 times higher odds of 20-year mortality in comparison with regular moderate drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Among older moderate drinkers, those who engage in episodic heavy drinking show significantly increased total mortality risk compared to regular moderate drinkers. Episodic heavy drinking-even when average consumption remains moderate-is a significant public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Holahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Rehm
- Social and Epidemiological Research (SER) Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russel Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health & Addiction, Toronto, ON, Canada; Epidemiological Research Unit, Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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